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Chapter 11
Reactions of Alcohols
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 11
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Types of Alcohol Reactions
Dehydration to alkene
Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone, acids
Substitution to form alkyl halide
Reduction to alkane
Esterification
Tosylation
Williamson synthesis of ether =>
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
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Summary Table
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Chapter 11
Chapter 10
Structure and Synthesis
of Alcohols
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 10
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Structure of Alcohols
Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group
Oxygen is sp3 hybridized.
Versatile synthetic intermediates
Chapter 10
Chapter 9
Alkynes
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 9
*
Introduction
Alkynes (a.k.a. acetylenes) contain a triple bond.
General formula is CnH2n-2.
Two elements of unsaturation for each triple bond.
Some reactions are like alkenes: addition and oxidation.
Some reactions are specific to alkynes.
Chapter 9
Alkynes in Nature
Chapter 7
Structure and Synthesis
of Alkenes
Jo Blackburn
Richland College, Dallas, TX
Dallas County Community College District
? 2006, Prentice Hall
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 7
*
Introduction
Hydrocarbon with carbon-carbon double bonds
Sometimes called olefins
Term derived from olefiant gas meaning ?oil-forming gas?
Originates with early experiments and the oily appearance of alkene derivatives
Chapter 7
Chapter 6
Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination
Organic Chemistry, 6h Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 6
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Classes of Halides
Alkyl: Halogen, X, is directly bonded to sp3 carbon.
Most reactions result from breaking of this bond.
C ? X bond is polar (EN difference)
C is slightly positive ? electrophilic (can be attacked by nucleophile)
X can leave with electrons ? elimination
X can be replaced with another functional group ? substitution
Chapter 6
Chapter 5
Stereochemistry
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 5
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Summary of Isomers
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Chapter 5
Chapter 5
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Stereochemistry
The study of 3-D structure of molecues.
Recall the 2 different types of isomers:
Constitutional
Stereoisomers
Chapter 5
Chapter 5
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Stereoisomers
Same bonding sequence.
Different arrangement in space.
Example: HOOC-CH=CH-COOH has two geometric (cis-trans) isomers:
o
o
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Chapter 5
Chapter 4
The Study of
Chemical Reactions
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 4
*
Introduction
Reactants ? Products: overall reaction.
Mechanism: complete step-by-step description of exactly which bonds break and form in what order to give observed products
To learn more about a reaction:
Thermodynamics
Kinetics. =>
Chapter 4
Chapter 3
Structure and Stereochemistry
of Alkanes
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 3
*
Classification Review
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
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Alkane Formulas
All C-C single bonds
Saturated with hydrogens
Ratio: CnH2n+2
Alkane homologs: CH3(CH2)nCH3
Same ratio for branched alkanes
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Chapter 3
Chapter 2
Structure and Properties
of Organic Molecules
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 2
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Sigma Bonding
Electron density lies between the nuclei.
A bond may be formed by s-s, p-p, s-p, or hybridized orbital overlaps.
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Chapter 2
Chapter 2
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Pi Bonding
Pi bonds form after sigma bonds.
Sideways overlap of parallel p orbitals.
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Chapter 2
Chapter 1
Introduction and Review
Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Chapter 1
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Definitions
Old: ?derived from living organisms?
New: ?chemistry of carbon compounds?
From inorganic to organic, vitalism and W?hler, 1828
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Chapter 1
Membrane Reception Activity
Work in groups of 3-4.
Name: Dr.__________________________________________
Pages
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