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Biology

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Chapter 33 Phylums

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Phylum Porifera Characteristics The simplest of all animals with no formal digestive, circulatory, or nervous systems. They display radial symmetry and assymmetry. They have two layers: an endoderm and an ectoderm. Most are salt water sponges. Classification The four classes are grouped according to skeletal structure. Protection Some members are poisonous or they taste bad. Movement Adults are sessile (they don't move) while larvae are free swimming. Feeding & Digestion Porifera are filter feeders (they filter food out of the water). They have intracellular digestion. Circulation Circulation in porifera is mainly carried out through diffusion. Reproduction

Evolution

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Unit 5: Evolution Essential questions: How do genetic changes occurring in a constantly changing environment result in the evolution of a great diversity of life? How does evolutionary science help us to understand human biology and to adapt to change in the world around us? Vocabulary Resources Key concepts evolution natural selection VIST common descent descent with modification Lamarck artificial selection vestigial structure theory fitness homologous structure antibiotic resistance 15-1 15-2 15-3 HHMI video notes Evolutionary Theory Selection Case Studies Antibiotic Resistance ppt Class notes Describe Charles Darwin?s early experiences and how they influenced his theory of evolution. Explain evolution by natural selection. Explain common descent.

DNA NOTES

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The Discovery of DNA Griffith and Transformation: Transformation: One strain of bacteria (harmless) had changed into disease-causing strain Meant gene with info was transferred from heat-killed into live cells Avery tried to break down the heat-killed bacteria with enzyme that would usually break up DNA, but it didn?t Avery concluded that DNA is nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic info from 1 generation to another Hershey and Chase Experiment: Studied bacteriophages (viruses) ?bacteria eaters? made of DNA/RNA and protein coat Bacteriophages inject DNA into bacteria, the viral genes act to produce many new bacteriophages and burst of out cell Conclusion: using radioactive markers, genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA not protein The Structure of DNA

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