Economics

Module 18: Aggregate Supply -How the aggregate supply curve illustrates the relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of aggregate output supplied in the economy -What factors can shift the aggregate supply curve -Why the aggregate supply curve is different in the short run from in the long run ? Aggregate Supply Aggregate Supply Curve: relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of aggregate output supplied in the economy The Short-Run Aggregate Supply Curve: relationship between the aggregate price level and the quantity of aggregate output supplied that exists in the short run Rise in the aggregate price level = rise in the quantity of aggregate output supplied

Module 16: Income and Expenditure -The nature of the multiplier, which shows how initial changes in spending lead to further changes -The meaning of the aggregate consumption function, which shows how current disposable income affects consumer spending -How expected future income and aggregate wealth affect consumer spending -The determinants of investment spending -Why investment spending is considered a leading indicator of the future state of the economy ? Assumptions: 1. We assume producers are willing to supply additional output at a fixed price causing changes in overall spending translate into changes in aggregate output 2. We take the interest rate as given 3. We assume that there is no government spending and no taxes

Chapter 14: Inflation: An Overview ? -The economic costs of inflation -How inflation creates winners and losers -Why policy makers try to maintain a stable rate of inflation -The difference between real and nominal values of income, wages, and interest rates -The problems of deflation and disinflation ? Inflation: Most common complaint: an increase in the price level makes everyone poorer- does not make everyone poorer Real Wage: the wage rate divided by the price level Real income: income divided by the price level Inflation Rate: the percent change per year in a price index?typically the consumer price index the percent increase in the overall level of prices per year ? ? The level of prices doesn?t matter Reducing prices = Reducing income

Chapter 12: The Meaning and Calculation of Unemployment ? -How unemployment is measured -How the unemployment rate is calculated -The significance of the unemployment rate for the economy -The relationship between the unemployment rate and economic growth ? Employed: people who currently hold a job in the economy, either full time or part time/ only if you have a job Unemployed: people who are actively looking for work but aren?t currently employed Limitations: Retired people Disabled Hasn?t actively searched for a Job in the last 4 weeks Discouraged workers Marginally attached workers Underemployed U.S. Census Bureau monthly survey called the Current Population Survey: interviewing a random sample of 60,000 American families