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molecular geometry

AP Chemistry MIDTERM review A

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Chemistry
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Chemical elements
Diatomic molecule
molecular geometry
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ion
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Which element is most commonly found as a negatively charged ion? Ne - 0 Li - +1 Al - +3 Cl - -1 Ca - +2 A 100 Which element is isoelectronic with Mg2+ Ne Li Al Cl Ca A 200 Isoelectronic elements have the same electron configurations ? that means they must have the same number of electrons Which element is found as a diatomic gas in its uncombined state? Ne Li Al Cl Ca A 300 You have memorized the diatomic gases: H, O, N, Cl, Br, I, F. Make a study card for these if you need to review and re-memorize! A 400 A 500
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Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 7b

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Chemical bonding
Chemical polarity
Chemical bond
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VSEPR theory
Polar bond
Hydrogen bond
Electronegativity
molecular geometry
Ionic bond
Sigma bond
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Molecular Geometry 1 Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Electron concentrations are arranged so as to be at maximum distance. Why? Electrons repel each other. Number of Electron Concentrations H H H H C ? ? ? ? Ex: CH4 O F F C ? ? ? ? Ex: CF2O Number of Electron Concentrations all 4 bonded = tetrahedral Ex: CH4 H H H H C ? ? ? ? 4 Regions of e? Conc. 5 Chemistry textbook, p. 169 3 bonded = pyramidal Ex: NH3 H H H N ? ? ? 4 Regions of e? Conc. 6 Chemistry textbook, p. 167 2 bonded = bent 104.5? Ex: H2O H H O ? ? 4 Regions of e? Conc. 7 Chemistry textbook, p. 170 1 bonded = linear Ex: HF H F ? 4 Regions of e? Conc. 8 Chemistry textbook, p. 170 All 3 bonded = trigonal planar 2 bonded = bent 120? Ex: BI3 Ex: GeF2 1 bonded = linear Ex: SO 3 Regions of e? Conc.

Chemistry The central science Summary Chapter 9

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Unpaired electron
molecular geometry
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Chapter 9- Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories 9.1 Molecular Shapes Lewis structures give atomic connectivity: they tell us which atoms are physically connected to which atoms. Whenever two atoms or ions are strongly attached to each other we say there is a chemical bond. Three general types of chemical bonds: ionic , covalent and metallic. We will encounter 11 basic molecular shapes: The shape of a molecule is determined by its bond angles. Bond angles The angles made by the lines joining the nuclei of the atoms in a molecule Consider CCl4: Experimentally we find all Cl?C?Cl bond angles are 109.5?. Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) model.

Bent Shape of Molecules in Covalent Bonds

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Measurement
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Chemistry
Molecular Shape
Covalent Bonding
molecules
molecular geometry

Croque Monsieur 2004, Barefoot in Paris, All Rights Reserved Prep Time: 5 min Cook Time: 25 min Serves: 4 to 8 servings Ingredients 2 tablespoons unsalted butter 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour 2 cups hot milk 1 teaspoon kosher salt 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper Pinch nutmeg 12 ounces Gruyere cheese, grated (5 cups) 1/2 cup freshly grated Parmesan 16 slices white sandwich bread Dijon mustard 8 ounces baked Virginia ham, sliced Directions Preheat the oven to 400 degrees F.
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