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Lewis structure

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 8 Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
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VSEPR theory

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy (greater stability) than separated ions B. Coulomb's Law 1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= - r QQ E nmJx 21191031.2 a. E = energy in joules b. Q1 and Q2 are numerical ion charges c. r = distance between ion center in nanometers d. negative sign indicates an attractive force C. Bond Length (covalent) 1. Distance at which the system energy is at a minimum 2. Forces at work a. Attractive forces (proton - electron) b. Repulsive forces (electron - electron, proton - proton) 3. Energy is given off (bond energy) when two atoms achieve greater stability together than apart

Campbell9thEdChapter2ChemicalContextofLife

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Biology
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Chemical bonding
Chemical bond
Covalent bond
Valence electron
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Ionic bonding
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Lewis structure
Electronegativity
Atomic orbital
Hydrogen bond
ion

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio A compound has characteristics different from those of its elements ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 2.3 Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride The Elements of Life About 20?25% of the 92 elements are essential to life, but it varies among organisms Humans need 25 elements while plants only need 17 elements

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 7

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
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Octet rule
Valence bond theory
Lewis structure
Resonance
Single bond
Orbital hybridisation
Pi bond
Valence
Chemistry

Chapter 7: Chemical Bonding Section 7.3: The Covalent Bond Wednesday, October 1, 2014 1:55 PM Covalent bonds - attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between pairs of atoms ? Chemical Bonds and Energy ? Driving force between all bond formation is lowering overall energy (NOTE: attractive interactions lower potential energy) ? Typically in interactions between nonmetals! ? -point of minimum energy in a system = formation of covalent bond Bond energy - energy released when isolated atoms form a covalent bond Bond length - distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms ? Formation of a chemical bond always releases energy Bond strength is determined by the amount of energy released in the formation of that bond (more released energy means stronger bond) ?

Organic Chapter 1 ppt

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Chemistry
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Acids
Bases
Acid-base chemistry
Equilibrium chemistry
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Delocalized electron
Acid strength
Lewis structure
Lewis acids and bases
Acid–base reaction
Technology

Chapter 1 Introduction and Review Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 1 * Definitions Old: ?derived from living organisms? New: ?chemistry of carbon compounds? From inorganic to organic, vitalism and W?hler, 1828 => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Atomic Structure Atoms: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The number of protons determines the identity of the element. Some atoms of the same element have a different number of neutrons. These are called isotopes. Example: 12C, 13C, and 14C => Chapter 1 Chapter 1 * Electronic Structure Electrons: outside the nucleus, in orbitals. Electrons have wave properties. Electron density is the probability of finding the electron in a particular part of an orbital.

AP Biology Basic Chemistry

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Chemical bonding
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Valence electron
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electron
Lewis structure
ion
Atomic orbital
Chemical polarity
Atomic theory
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Resch/Stuart AP Biology Basic Chemistry Basic Chemistry Review Directions: Since this will be handed in digitally, please type all response in bold directly below the question. ?Once you are done, please submit this document via google drive. ?Remember that this is due by Aug. 18th. Review: J.J. Thomson?s Plum Pudding model and ionic vs. molecular bonding

General Chemistry Study Exam

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
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ions
Charge carriers
Physical chemistry
ion
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molecule
Gas
Hydrogen
Chemical reaction
Lewis structure
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Personal life
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[Type text] [Type text] [Type text] May 14, 2014 Chemistry Study Guide Abby & Thomas Chapter 8: 8.1 Vocabulary Covalent bond- a bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms Molecule- a neutral group of atoms joined together by covalent bonds Diatomic molecule- a molecule that contains two atoms Example. Oxygen and Hydrogen Molecular compound- a compound composed of molecules Example. Water Molecular formula- the chemical formula of a molecular compound. A molecular formula shows how many atoms of each element a substance contains Important things to know for 8.1 8.2 Vocabulary Single Covalent bond- a bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons

Chapter 9

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Chemistry
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Chemical bond
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Lewis structure
Octet rule
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Dipolar bond
Valence
ion
Resonance
Technology
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Attachment theory
Evolutionary biology
Personal life

Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 15 Nov. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding: General Concepts Ionic Bonds Ch. 9.2 Ionic bonds are the attraction between positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. e.g. NaCl An electron is transferred from the metal (Na) to the nonmetal (Cl): Ionic compounds form when metals and nonmetals react and they are held together by ionic bonds. Compounds (ionic and molecular) are formed due to a decrease (lowering) of the potential energy of system. Net energy change associated with the electron transfer reaction. So, why does NaCl (s) form at all? 2 Lattice Energy of Ionic Compounds Ch. 9.2 The energy needed to produce separated gaseous ions from one mole of the solid is the lattice energy:

Semester 1 Final Study Guide

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Physics
Chemical bonding
Quantum chemistry
Atomic physics
Chemical properties
Molecular physics
Chemical bond
Valence electron
ion
Lewis structure
electron
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Chemistry Final Exam Study Guide, Chapters 1-8 Chapter 1. Matter and Change Chemistry ? the study of matter and its changes Branches of Chemistry ? 1. Organic Chemistry ? substances containing carbon 2. Inorganic Chemistry ? substances not containing carbon 3. Biochemistry ? chemistry of living things DNA, protein, lipids, carbohydrates 4. Physical Chemistry ? properties and changes of matter with respect to energy 5. Analytical Chemistry ? identification of components and composition of matter. 6. Theoretic Chemistry ? creates mathematical models of chemical behavior Chemical ? any substance with a definite composition Mass ? amount of matter Matter ? takes up space and has mass

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 7a

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Molecular orbital
Valence bond theory
Chemical bond
Antibonding
Pi bond
Sigma bond
Delta bond
Resonance
Covalent bond
Lewis structure

Bond Theories 1 Lewis Structures Tell us about bonds in a molecule Do not tell us about the shape of the molecule Valence Bond Theory Based on the quantum model Says that covalent bonds form when orbitals of different atoms overlap sigma (?) ? the ends of the orbitals overlap pi (?) ? the sides of the orbitals overlap Types When Orbitals Overlap Bonds: sigma bond Single Bond s sublevel 5 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma bond Single Bond p sublevel 6 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 Which type of bond forms first between covalently bonded atoms? Sigma Pi Depends on the atom Question 7 sigma and pi bond Double Bond 8 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma and 2 pi bonds Triple Bond 9 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 pi bond forms only after a sigma bond weaker than a sigma bond double bond

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 6b

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Chemical bond
Covalent bond
Ionic bond
Lewis structure
Valence electron
Valence
Metallic bond
ion
Delocalized electron
molecule
Technology

Section 6B Types of Bonds 1 Covalent Bonds usually nonmetals little or no ?EN (Therefore, atoms share electrons.) The 2 shared electrons are called a bonding pair. located between atoms most of the time Covalent Bonds The negative region between the atoms attracts the nuclei with an electrostatic force. Diatomic Elements H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 ? triple bond ? double bond H N O Halogens Lewis Structures sometimes called dot diagrams show the valence e? only use a dash to represent a bonding pair Lewis Structures Cl2 + Cl Cl Cl Cl + Cl Cl Cl Cl Lewis Structures H2 + H H H H + H H H H Lewis Structures H2O + H O H + H O H + H O H + H O H Lewis Structures O2 O + O O O O + O O O Lewis Structures N2 N + N N N N + N N N Lewis Structures C2H2 + C C H + H + C C H H + C C H + H + C C H H

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