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AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 8 Notes

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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy (greater stability) than separated ions B. Coulomb's Law 1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= - r QQ E nmJx 21191031.2 a. E = energy in joules b. Q1 and Q2 are numerical ion charges c. r = distance between ion center in nanometers d. negative sign indicates an attractive force C. Bond Length (covalent) 1. Distance at which the system energy is at a minimum 2. Forces at work a. Attractive forces (proton - electron) b. Repulsive forces (electron - electron, proton - proton) 3. Energy is given off (bond energy) when two atoms achieve greater stability together than apart

ap chem semester final

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AP/IB Chem 1st Semester Exam Review Questions?????????????????? Multiple Choice: 1. When 12 grams of methane (CH4) is burned, the quantity of energy released is most nearly: Heat of combustion for CH4 is -891 KJ/mol. a)? 0.75 kJ?b)? 56 kJ?c)? 420 kJ?d)? 600 kJ?e)? 800 kJ 2.? The reaction of sodium bicarbonate with sulfuric acid is shown below.? 2 NaHCO3?? +?? H2SO4?? ??? Na2SO4?? +?? 2 H2O?? +?? 2 CO2???????? ?H? =? + 25 kJ/mol NaHCO3

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 7

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Chapter 7: Chemical Bonding Section 7.3: The Covalent Bond Wednesday, October 1, 2014 1:55 PM Covalent bonds - attractive force resulting from the sharing of electrons between pairs of atoms ? Chemical Bonds and Energy ? Driving force between all bond formation is lowering overall energy (NOTE: attractive interactions lower potential energy) ? Typically in interactions between nonmetals! ? -point of minimum energy in a system = formation of covalent bond Bond energy - energy released when isolated atoms form a covalent bond Bond length - distance between the nuclei of bonded atoms ? Formation of a chemical bond always releases energy Bond strength is determined by the amount of energy released in the formation of that bond (more released energy means stronger bond) ?

Chapter 9

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Chemistry 1210: Introduction to General Chemistry Dr. Gina M. Florio 15 Nov. 2012 Jespersen, Brady, Hyslop Chapter 9 Chemical Bonding: General Concepts Ionic Bonds Ch. 9.2 Ionic bonds are the attraction between positive and negative ions in an ionic compound. e.g. NaCl An electron is transferred from the metal (Na) to the nonmetal (Cl): Ionic compounds form when metals and nonmetals react and they are held together by ionic bonds. Compounds (ionic and molecular) are formed due to a decrease (lowering) of the potential energy of system. Net energy change associated with the electron transfer reaction. So, why does NaCl (s) form at all? 2 Lattice Energy of Ionic Compounds Ch. 9.2 The energy needed to produce separated gaseous ions from one mole of the solid is the lattice energy:

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 7a

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Bond Theories 1 Lewis Structures Tell us about bonds in a molecule Do not tell us about the shape of the molecule Valence Bond Theory Based on the quantum model Says that covalent bonds form when orbitals of different atoms overlap sigma (?) ? the ends of the orbitals overlap pi (?) ? the sides of the orbitals overlap Types When Orbitals Overlap Bonds: sigma bond Single Bond s sublevel 5 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma bond Single Bond p sublevel 6 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 Which type of bond forms first between covalently bonded atoms? Sigma Pi Depends on the atom Question 7 sigma and pi bond Double Bond 8 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 sigma and 2 pi bonds Triple Bond 9 Chemistry textbook, p. 162 pi bond forms only after a sigma bond weaker than a sigma bond double bond

chemical bonding review

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Name: ________________________ Class: ___________________ Date: __________ ID: A 1 CH 6 Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The electrostatic attraction between positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons permits two atoms to be held together by a(n) a. chemical bond. c. neutron. b. London force. d. ion. ____ 2. As atoms bond with each other, they a. increase their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. b. decrease their potential energy, thus creating less-stable arrangements of matter. c. increase their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter. d. decrease their potential energy, thus creating more-stable arrangements of matter.
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