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Ionic bonding

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 8 Notes

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Chemistry
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Chemical bonding
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Octet rule
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Valence
Formal charge
VSEPR theory

AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 8 Notes - Bonding: General Concepts 8.1 Types of Chemical Bonds A. Ionic Bonding 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Metals react with nonmetals 3. Ions paired have lower energy (greater stability) than separated ions B. Coulomb's Law 1. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?= - r QQ E nmJx 21191031.2 a. E = energy in joules b. Q1 and Q2 are numerical ion charges c. r = distance between ion center in nanometers d. negative sign indicates an attractive force C. Bond Length (covalent) 1. Distance at which the system energy is at a minimum 2. Forces at work a. Attractive forces (proton - electron) b. Repulsive forces (electron - electron, proton - proton) 3. Energy is given off (bond energy) when two atoms achieve greater stability together than apart

Raven Biology Chapter 2 Notes

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Biology
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Chemical bond
Hydrogen bond
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Properties of water
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Chemical reaction
molecule
Ionic bonding
Energy level
Hydrogen

Gavin Morgan 8/31/2015 Chapter 2 2-Point Notes The Nature of Atoms Atomic structure includes a central nucleus and orbiting electrons: 1. Danish physicist Niels Bohr created the model of the atom in 1913, which is still used today. 2. An atom?s mass is measured in daltons (6.02 x 1023 daltons = 1 g). A proton and neutron each way 1 dalton. Electrons determine the chemical behavior of atoms: 1. The position of an electron cannot be determined at any given time. 2. Orbitals are predictions where electrons are most likely to be found. Atoms contain discrete energy levels: 1. Electrons contain discrete energy levels which correspond to quanta.

Campbell9thEdChapter2ChemicalContextofLife

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Biology
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Chemical bonding
Chemical bond
Covalent bond
Valence electron
Valence
Ionic bonding
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Lewis structure
Electronegativity
Atomic orbital
Hydrogen bond
ion

The Chemical Context of Life Chapter 2 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compounds Organisms are composed of matter Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Elements and Compounds Matter is made up of elements An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio A compound has characteristics different from those of its elements ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 2.3 Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride The Elements of Life About 20?25% of the 92 elements are essential to life, but it varies among organisms Humans need 25 elements while plants only need 17 elements

quiz 1

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Biology
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Chemical bonding
Chemistry
Chemical bond
Valence electron
Ionic bonding
Proton
Hydrogen
electron
Chemical reaction
Covalent bond
ion
Neutron

Evolution is biology?s core theme that ties together all the other themes. Which of the following is not explained by the theory of evolution? a. The unity and diversity of life. b. How organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals. c. Why distantly related organisms sometime resemble each other. d. How the first living cells were formed. e. How humans have descended from common ancestors shared with other primate species. Which of the following is necessary for cell survival? a. Reading of the DNA sequence to produce proteins. b. Response to environmental conditions. c. Obtain and process energy. d. Both A and C are true. e. All of the above are true.

BIO CH 2 TEST

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Chemical bonding
Chemical properties
Chemistry
Quantum chemistry
Supramolecular chemistry
Chemical bond
Valence
Proton
Ionic bonding
Covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Atom

Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds

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Biology
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electron
ion
Proton
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Hydrogen

Assignment 2 ? Chemical Bonds In this world there are many different kinds of living organisms. All organisms are composed of atoms, that bond together to make the necessary components of a living organism. There are three identified chemical bonds that are recognized, they are ionic bonds, covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. All bonds are not created equal, just ask the electrons!

Principles of Chemistry Chapter 2

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Periodic Table
Chemical bonding
ions
Chemical compounds
Chemical bond
Ionic bonding
ion
molecule
Chemical substance
Chemical formula
Hydride

Chapter 2: Atoms and Molecules Section 1: Insight into Polymers Wednesday, August 27, 2014 12:40 PM What is a polymer? -substance consisting of many large particles (called momoners) -monomers are small molecules made of many atoms ? note: the composition of the monomers determines the properties of the polymer ? All polymers have a polymer backbone, which is a long string of atoms keeping the molecule together. In organic chemistry, the backbone is made of carbon molecules! ? ? ? THE DIFFERENT COMBOS OF ATOMS MAKE DIFFERENT POLYMERS! ? ? ? ? Coulomb's Law describes interaction of charged particles. ? (remember the E is the permittivity constant) ? ? ? ? ?
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