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Proton

Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure The discovery of atoms began with Democritus, a Greek philosopher, who was the first person to suggest that atoms exist. However Democritus made the false claim that atoms were indestructible which was proven wrong with the development of the atomic bomb (nuclear power), additionally he did not support his idea with scientific evidence or explain the chemical behavior of the atom. Following Democritus was Dalton who took the idea of the atom and explained it and supported it with scientific methods. Atom= The smallest particle of an element that retains its identity within chemical reactions due to maintaining chemical and physical properties. Dalton?s Atomic Theory: All elements are composed of indivisible particles called atoms (later disproved)

AP Chem Final Review

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Chemistry Final Review By: AP Chemistry Class Nuclear...Some Definitions ? Nucleons-any particle found in the nucleus - ex(protons and neutrons) ? Nuclide-atom defined by # of protons and neutrons in nucleus ? Isotopes-same # of protons, but different # of neutrons ? Attraction stronger in nucleus than repulsion ? Hideki Yukawa Nuclear Types of forces: ? Strong Nuclear Force-interaction that binds nucleons together when very close...short distances=larger nuclei Nuclear Binding energy: ? When protons and neutrons come together, energy released ? More stable=Lower Energy ? Nuclear Binding energy-energy released when nucleons come together ? Mass of atom < combined masses of separate parts

AP Chem Study Guide

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Chemistry Final Review By: AP Chemistry Class Nuclear...Some Definitions ? Nucleons-any particle found in the nucleus - ex(protons and neutrons) ? Nuclide-atom defined by # of protons and neutrons in nucleus ? Isotopes-same # of protons, but different # of neutrons ? Attraction stronger in nucleus than repulsion ? Hideki Yukawa Nuclear Types of forces: ? Strong Nuclear Force-interaction that binds nucleons together when very close...short distances=larger nuclei Nuclear Binding energy: ? When protons and neutrons come together, energy released ? More stable=Lower Energy ? Nuclear Binding energy-energy released when nucleons come together ? Mass of atom < combined masses of separate parts

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 2 Notes

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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 2 Notes - Atoms, Molecules and Ions 2.1 The Early History Refer to the Chemistry History Timeline for this chapter 2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws A. Law of Conservation of Mass 1. "Mass is neither created nor destroyed" 2. Translation: In ordinary chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products B. Law of Definite Proportion 1. "A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass" 2. Translation: Compounds have an unchanging chemical formula C. Law of Multiple Proportions 1. "When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers

The History of the Atom - Notes

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The History of the Atom Chapter 5 Major Discoveries 1806: John Dalton Atomic theory 1896 Henri Becquerel Radioactivity 1897: JJ Thomson Discovered the Electron 1909: Robert Millikan Confirmed existence of Electrons, their mass and their negative charge 1910: Ernst Rutherford Nucleus has the protons and neutrons, rest is mostly empty space 1913: Neils Bohr Planetary model of the atom Dalton?s Atomic Theory Elements are made up of discrete units called atoms Atoms of each element are identical. Atoms of different elements are different. Compounds are formed when atoms combine. Each compound has a specific number and kinds of atom. Chemical reactions are rearrangement of atoms. Atoms are not created or destroyed. Becquerel and Radioactivity Discovered by accident

quiz 1

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Evolution is biology?s core theme that ties together all the other themes. Which of the following is not explained by the theory of evolution? a. The unity and diversity of life. b. How organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals. c. Why distantly related organisms sometime resemble each other. d. How the first living cells were formed. e. How humans have descended from common ancestors shared with other primate species. Which of the following is necessary for cell survival? a. Reading of the DNA sequence to produce proteins. b. Response to environmental conditions. c. Obtain and process energy. d. Both A and C are true. e. All of the above are true.

BIO CH 2 TEST

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

ap_bio_ch_1_2.ppt

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Introductory Questions #1 Name the seven main properties of life. (Pg. 3) Which of the hierarchial levels of biology is the lowest in regard to carrying on and sustaining all life activities and is the fundamental unit of life? (pg 5) Introductory Questions #1 3. In your own words briefly describe what ?emergent properties? are. 4. How is negative feedback different from positive feedback? (pg. 11) What do these mechanisms do for a living thing? 5. Name the three domains of life. Which domain includes four out of the six kingdoms of life? 6. Why is natural selection considered the ?mechanism? for evolutionary adaptations to occur? 7. How is a hypothesis different from a theory?

ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds

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Assignment 2 ? Chemical Bonds In this world there are many different kinds of living organisms. All organisms are composed of atoms, that bond together to make the necessary components of a living organism. There are three identified chemical bonds that are recognized, they are ionic bonds, covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. All bonds are not created equal, just ask the electrons!

Atomic Structure Notes

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Pre-AP Chemistry 1 Chapter ________ Name _____________________________ Period ______ I. Historical Development (3-1) x particle theory of matter first proposed by ________________________ in 400 BC ? named the basic particle the ?_______________?, which means ____________________ in Greek x by 1700?s most scientists accepted definition of an _____________ as a substance that cannot be broken down by ordinary ________________ means x also accepted that _______________ combine to form ________________ x _______________________: the transformation of a substance or substances into 1 or more

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