Proton

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

atomic structure

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Atomic Structure Definitions ? Acceleration ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the movement of the ions of the sample is speeded up using a series of negatively-charged plates. ? Atomic number ? The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. Represented by the symbol Z. Also called the proton number. ? Deflection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the beam of ions is bent by a particular amount, depending on its mass-to-charge ratio. This is achieved using an electromagnet. ? Detection ? The stage of mass spectrometry during which the ions strike a collector plate, producing a mass spectrum for analysis. ? Diatomic ? A molecule consisting of two atoms. ? Electromagnet ? The part of a mass spectrometer responsible for the

Basic Chem Review

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Atoms: An atom has 7 protons, 7 electrons, and 8 neutrons. Fill in the blanks below for this atom: Atomic Number _______ Mass number: _______ Charge: ________ This atom belongs to which element? Notation Atomic # Mass # # protons # neutrons # electrons Types of Bonds: Determine the Type of Bond. Hydrogen and Oxygen type of bond = __________________ Carbon and Hydrogen type of bond = __________________ Sodium and Chlorine type of bond = __________________ Solutions/Molarity Practice What is the molarity if 0.5 moles of sodium chloride is dissolved to make 0.05 liters of solution? What is the molarity if 734 grams of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) are dissolved to make 2500 mL of solution?

Basic Chemistry Review

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Atoms: An atom has 7 protons, 7 electrons, and 8 neutrons. Fill in the blanks below for this atom: Atomic Number _______ Mass number: _______ Charge: ________ This atom belongs to which element? Notation Atomic # Mass # # protons # neutrons # electrons Types of Bonds: Determine the Type of Bond. Hydrogen and Oxygen type of bond = __________________ Carbon and Hydrogen type of bond = __________________ Sodium and Chlorine type of bond = __________________ Solutions/Molarity Practice What is the molarity if 0.5 moles of sodium chloride is dissolved to make 0.05 liters of solution? What is the molarity if 734 grams of lithium sulfate (Li2SO4) are dissolved to make 2500 mL of solution?

Campbell AP Bio Study Guide Chapter 2

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life This chapter presents basic chemical principles for understanding the chemical context of living organisms, from atomic structure to the nature of chemical bonds and an introduction to chemical equilibrium. These questions focus on elements most important to life or the study of life, including the elements that comprise organic molecules and important trace elements. Some isotopes are important in geologic dating and in biological tracer studies. How elements participate in forming different types of chemical bonds is essential to mastering subsequent topics on the behavior and properties of biological molecules, structures, and energy metabolism. Multiple-Choice Questions

campbell_ap_bio_practice_test_ch2

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Valence

Atom

Chemical reaction

ion

Covalent bond

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Chapter?2 The?Chemical?Context?of?Life Multiple-Choice?Questions 1) About?25?of?the?92?natural?elements?are?known?to?be?essential?to?life.?Which?four?of?these?25?elements?make?up approximately?96%?of?living?matter? A) carbon,?sodium,?chlorine,?nitrogen B) carbon,?sulfur,?phosphorus,?hydrogen C) oxygen,?hydrogen,?calcium,?sodium D) carbon,?hydrogen,?nitrogen,?oxygen E) carbon,?oxygen,?sulfur,?calcium Answer: D Topic: Concept?2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 2) Trace?elements?are?those?required?by?an?organism?in?only?minute?quantities.?Which?of?the?following?is?a?trace element?that?is?required?by?humans?and?other?vertebrates? A) nitrogen B) calcium C) iodine D) sodium E) phosphorus Answer: C Topic: Concept?2.1 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension

Chapter 6- Chemistry in Biology

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Baryons

matter

Isotope

Atom

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Chapter 6-Chemistry in Biology COMPOSITION OF MATTER -Matter-everything in universe is composed of matter. -Matter is anything that occupies space or has mass -Mass-quantity of matter in an object -Weight-pull of gravity on us ELEMENTS -Pure substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter -More than 100 elements (92 naturally occuring) -90% of the mass of an organism is composed of 4 elements (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen) -Each element has a unique chemical symbol -Consists of 1-2 letters -First letter is always captialized ATOMS -The simplest particle of an elemetnt that remains all the properties of that element. -Properties of atoms determine the structure and properties of the matter they compose.

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 4c

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Mass

Isotope

Chlorine-37

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Useful Element Notations The number of protons in the nucleus Determines the identity of the atom (which element it is) Atomic Number (Z) If you change the number of protons, the atom changes to another element. The total number of particles in the nucleus?protons and neutrons The total number of particles that make up the mass of the atom Mass Number (A) Atoms of an element which have various amounts of neutrons but the same number of protons Isotopes: Since the number of neutrons changes, the mass of the isotopes is different. Count Those Neutrons It shows the mass number, atomic number, and symbol for the element. Isotopic Notation X A Z Isotopic Notation Example: Be 9 9 protons and neutrons 9 4 4 4 protons Therefore, there must be 5 neutrons. 18 40 22 58 Question

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 4a

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Obsolete scientific theories

Atomic physics