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Polyatomic ion

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 2 Notes

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electron
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molecule
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AP Chemistry A. Allan Chapter 2 Notes - Atoms, Molecules and Ions 2.1 The Early History Refer to the Chemistry History Timeline for this chapter 2.2 Fundamental Chemical Laws A. Law of Conservation of Mass 1. "Mass is neither created nor destroyed" 2. Translation: In ordinary chemical reactions, the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products B. Law of Definite Proportion 1. "A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements by mass" 2. Translation: Compounds have an unchanging chemical formula C. Law of Multiple Proportions 1. "When two elements form a series of compounds, the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with one gram of the first element can always be reduced to small whole numbers

Nomenclature - Notes

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ions
Chemical elements
Chemical nomenclature
Physical chemistry
Polyatomic ion
Oxide
Nonmetal
Chlorine
Cobalt
Chemistry
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry

Chemical Nomenclature Review Chemical Formulas Identify a compound. Use subscripts to tell how many of each element. Subscript outside of ( ) distributes only to the elements inside of the ( ). Ions Are charged particles: protons ? electrons Types of Ions Cations (metals) positive charge after LOSING electron(s) Anions (nonmetals) negative charge after GAINING electron(s). Monotomic: formed from a single atom. Polyatomic: formed from more than one type of atom. Ions ATOM Chlorine Bromine Sulfur Oxygen Iodine ION Chloride Bromide Sulfide Oxide Iodide Types of Nomenclature Based on First Element!!! Type I: Metal / Non-metal Type II: Transition Metal / Non-metal Type III: Non-metal / Non-metal Example - Metal is from Groups 1, 2 or 13 Type 1

Naming Polyatomic Ions - Notes

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Acids
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ions
Oxoanions
Cations
Polyatomic ion
Oxoacid
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
Oxidation state
Sulfate
Nonmetal
Nitrate

Naming polyatomic ions and acids Definition Polyatomic ions are similar to monatomic ions in that they both have an ionic charge (+ or -). Polyatomic ions are made of two or more atoms that act as a unit Examples ? Naming compounds with polyatomic ions Nitrate ion NO3-1 Phosphate ion PO4-3 Sulfate ion SO4-2 Ammonium ion NH4+1 Naming polyatomic ions The name of the ion usually ends in either -ite or -ate. The -ite ending indicates a low oxidation state (NO-2 ion - nitrite ion). The -ate ending indicates a high oxidation state (NO-3 ion - nitrate ion). Naming polyatomic ions Prefixes also can be used. The prefix hypo- indicates the very lowest oxidation state. (ClO- ion - hypochlorite ion)

Chemical Nomenclature - Notes

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Hydrogen
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Carbon
Nitrogen
Polyatomic ion

Notes ? chemical nomenclature/naming compounds Ch 6.3-6.6 Monoatomic noble gases These are the noble gases. These are elements that exist in nature as isolated elements. They do not combine with other elements to form compounds (as far as this class is concerned). Diatomic Molecules Diatomic elements or molecules ? compounds made of two atoms of the same element I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2 Binary compounds made of at least 2 different elements Three types Type 1 ? metals and nonmetals Type 2 ? metals and nonmetals Type 3 ? nonmetals and nonmetals Type 1 Ionic compounds that contain a metal and nonmetal Metal forms one cation (from group 1, 2, 13) the nonmetal forms the anion Write the Cation first and the anion second, put an ?-ide? on the end of the nonmetal

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 8b

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Nonmetals
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Sulfates
Dietary minerals
Binary compound
Polyatomic ion
Sulfuric acid
Sulfur
Magnesium sulfate
Properties of water

Nomenclature What?s In a Name? Common names describe some aspect of the compound Examples: soda ash Epsom salts What?s In a Name? IUPAC system International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry Common Name Chemical Name Formula Common Names of Some Industrial Chemicals oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4 caustic lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 lye sodium hydroxide NaOH Common Name Chemical Name Formula Common Names of Some Industrial Chemicals soda ash sodium carbonate Na2CO3 milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 IUPAC System Developed in the late 1800s Requires determining the type of compound before naming it Has a different set of naming rules for each type of compound Flow Chart Green: questions what type of bond Blue: gives naming information

Bob Jones PPT Notes -- Chapter 8a

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Chemistry
Chemical reactions
Coordination chemistry
Physical chemistry
redox
Soil chemistry
Oxidation number
Polyatomic ion
ion
Chemical bond
Fluorine
Oxide

Chemical Composition &Reactions Oxidation Numbers Keep track of electrons during bonding Tell how many electrons are involved in the bond Tell whether electrons are gained, lost, or unequally shared Oxidation Numbers Help in predicting formulas The more electronegative element gains electrons. The oxidation number of atoms and elements is zero. (free-element) Rule 1 Oxidation Numbers Examples: He ? no bonds O2 ? equal sharing (free-element) Rule 1 Oxidation Numbers The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is equal to the charge of the ion. (ions) Rule 2 Oxidation Numbers Example: Mg loses two electrons, so its charge is +2; therefore, its oxidation number is also +2. (ions) Rule 2 Oxidation Numbers Example: Cl gains one electron, so its charge and oxidation number are ?1. (ions)

Chemical Names and Formulas Chapter 6 Addison and Wesley

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ion
Chemical bond
Chemical formula
addison and wesley chemistry chem

Chapter 6 ?Chemical Names and Formulas? By Stephen L. Cotton, Charles Page High School Modified by Barbara Williams, DeBakey HSHP H2O Molecular Compounds Molecule Neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit Usually composed of 2 or more nonmetal atoms Make up molecular compounds Ions and Ionic Compounds Ion Charged atom or group of atoms (cation or anion) Cation name: same name + ?ion? (Na+ is called ?sodium ion?) Anion name: root name ends with ?-ide? (Cl- is called ?chloride?) Ionic Compound Composed of metal cation and nonmetal anion An Anion is? A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Nonmetals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on the right. F1- Has gained one electron (-ide is new ending = fluoride) O2- Gained two electrons (oxide)

Prentice Hall AP Chem. Chapter 2 notes

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John Dalton
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Chemical element
ion
Polyatomic ion
Proton
Atomic theory
atoms
molecules
ions

Chapter 2 Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College St. Peters, MO ? 2006, Prentice Hall, Inc. Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Atomic Theory of Matter The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early 19th century, championed by John Dalton. Dalton?s Postulates Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. Dalton?s Postulates All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties, but the atoms of one element are different from the atoms of all other elements. Dalton?s Postulates
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