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Politics

AP EURO NOTES

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AP Euro Notes Sec 27-2 pp.868-872 AND 876- 888 Nalani Story THE AFTERMATH OF THE WAR: EMERGENCE OF THE COLD WAR Tehran Conference (1943) Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill, the leaders of the Big Three of the Grand Alliance, met at Tehran, Iran in November of 1943 primary purpose was to determine the way the final assault on Germany would be conducted Roosevelt and Stalin overruled Churchill and decided that the British and Americans would invade the continent through France in the Spring of 1944 not through the Balkans as Churchill wanted decision meant that Eastern Europe would be liberated by the Russians agreed to link up with the Soviets in Germany and partition Germany upon its defeat Yalta Conference (1945)

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AP Euro Notes Sec 27-1 pp. 842 -855 Nalani Story THE DEEPENING OF THE EUROPEAN CRISIS: WW II PRELUDE TO WAR (1933-1939) ---the efforts at collective security in the 1920s---the League of Nations, the attempts at disarmament, the pacts and the treaties---all proved meaningless in view of the growth of Nazi Germany and its deliberate scrapping of the postwar settlement in the 1930s ---World War II was largely made possible by the failure of Britain and France to oppose strongly flagrant German violations of the Treaty of Versailles The Path to War (1937-1939) at a secret conference with his military leaders on November 5, 1937, Hitler stated that Germany?s ultimate goal must be the conquest of living space in the east

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AP Euro Notes Sec 26-2 pp. 807-816 Nalani Story The Democratic States Woodrow Wilson proclaimed that WWI=been fought to make world safe for democracy 1919, there seemed to be some justification for this claim 4 major Euro states & a host of minor ones had functioning political democracies In a # of nations, universal male suffrage=replaced by universal suffrage as male politicians rewarded women for their contributions to WWI by granting the right to vote (except in Italy, France, & Spain) Women also began to enter political life as deputies to parliamentary bodies. In new German repub almost 10% of deputies elected to Reichstag in 1919=women # dropped to 6% by 1926 Great Britain After WWI GB went through a period of painful readjustment and serious economic difficulties

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AP Euro Notes Sec 26-1 pp. 804-807 & 816-822 Nalani Story An Uncertain Peace War left many Euros w/ profound sense of despair and disillusionment War indicated to many that something=dreadfully wrong w/ West values Decline of the West, Oswald Spengler reflected this disillusionment when he emphasized the decadence of West civilization and posited its collapse The Impact of World War I Enormous suffering & deaths of almost 10 mill people shook traditional society to its foundations & undermined the whole idea of progress New propaganda techniques had manipulated entire populations into maintaining their involvement in a senseless slaughter How did Euros deal w/ losses? France- 2/3s of pop=in mourning over deaths of these young people

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AP Euro Notes Sec 25-2 pp. 789-794 Nalani Story War and Revolution Russia experienced kind of complete collapse in 1917 that others were predicting might happen throughout Euro Out of Russia?s collapse came Russian Revolution?whose impact would be widely felt in Euro for decades to come The Russian Revolution Revolution 1905=failed to bring substantial changes to Russia Tsar Nicholas II relied on army & bureaucracy to uphold his regime WWI magnified Russia?s problems and severely challenged tsarist gov?t Tsar, possessed of strong sense of moral duty to his country.= only Euro monarch to take personal charge of armed forces, despite a lack of training for such an awesome responsibility Russian industry=unable to produce weapons needed for army

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AP Euro Notes Sec 25-1 pp. 768-773 & 783-788 Nalani Story The Road to World War I June 28, 1914, heir to Austrian throne, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, = assassinated in Bosnian city of Sarajevo The event precipitated confrontation between Austrian & Serbia that led to WWI War=not inevitable Previous assassinations of Euro leaders=not led to war & euro statesmen=managed to localize such conflicts The decisions that Euro Statesmen mad during crisis were crucial in leading to war, there= also long-range underlying forces= propelling Euros toward armed conflicts Nationalism In 1st ? of 19 cent, liberals=maintained that organization of Euro states along national lines would lead to a peaceful Euro based on a sense of international fraternity They=very wrong

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AP Euro Notes Sec 22-1 pp.666-684 Nalani Story The France of Napoleon III Napoleon III taught his contemporaries how authoritarian gov?ts could use liberal & nationalistic forces to bolster their own power Louis Napoleon: Toward the Second Empire Many contemporaries dismissed ?Napoleon the Small? as a nonentity who?s success due only to his name However he= smart, clever, patient Used troops to seize control of gov?t on Dec 1, 1851 Restored universal male suffrage Asked French people to restructure the gov?t by electing him president for 10 yrs 7.5 mil yes vs. 640,000 No Nov 21, 1852= Louis Nap asked for restoration of empire 97%=yes Dec 2, 1852, Louis Nap= assumed title of Napoleon II 2nd empire=begun The Second Napoleonic Empire

AP EURO NOTES

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AP Euro Notes Sec 21-1 pp.641-657 Nalani Story The Ideologies of Change Conservative forces= in ascendancy from 1815-1830 powerful movements of change= also at work these depended on ideas embodied in a series of political philosophies or ideologies that came into their own in the 1st half of the 19 cent Liberalism Liberalism= an ideology based on belief that beople should be as free from restraint as possible Liberalism owes much to Enlightenment of the 18 cent & to American & French Revolutions. Liberalism became even more significant as the IR made rapid strides because the developing industrial middle class largely adopted the doctrine at its own Economic Liberalism = gov?t shouldn?t interfere in the workings of the economy. Primary tenet the concept of laissez-faire.

Quiz-Absolutism

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Multiple Choice Quiz: Absolutism and various 16th and 17th C Topics 1. Louis XIV supported all of the following EXCEPT:? a. the building of the Palace of Versailles b. cooperation with the Estates-General c. art and culture d. the policies of Cardinal Richelieu e. the theory of divine right of kings. 2. The corvee:? a. was involuntary forced labor imposed on French peasants b. was a tax assigned exclusively to French nobles that required them to pay their serf's feudal dues c. was a special, annual tax exemption granted to French nobles d. was a tool that improved the annual plowing of soil intended for agricultural use e. was the annual tax increase levied against nobles in France. 3. The English political philosopher, Thomas Hobbes, held that:

German Unification Powerpoint

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German Unification The search for a German identity began in earnest after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Herder?s concept of ?Volkgeist? and the rise of the Burschenshaft and Gymnasiums spread this idea throughout the German states rapidly, leading to repression by Metternich. ?????????????????????? Originally German fraternities, the Burschenshaft encouraged dueling and other martial arts (shooting) to synthesize growing nationalist feeling with a ?sense of honor.? Germans began seeking links to a historical past, while rejecting influences that diluted or compromised their own national culture or spirit. These included folk traditions and pre-Christian German mythology, then undergoing a renewal under the influence of the Romantic Movement.

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