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War

America: a Narrative History by Tindall and Shi notes Chapter 6

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Tindall Ch6 Outline The American Revolution 1776: Washington?s Narrow Escape British landed in Staten island on 7/2/1776 with 32,000 men, compared to Washingtons? force of 19,000 defenders. When morale became low, Thomas Paine wrote The American Crisis to boost morale. On Christmas Washington routed a garrison of 1,500 Hessians at Trenton and repelled the redcoats at Princeton three weeks later. Washington realized the only way to win was to pick at the British slowly but surely. American Society at War Many colonists were divided because of the war, Loyalists were treated very harshly. The British were also unable to use Loyalists effectively to their advantage. American militiamen tended to ambush or fight hand-to-hand, not flat out battles.

America: a Narrative History by Tindall and Shi notes Chapter 9

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Tindall Ch 9 Outline The Early Republic Jeffersonian Simplicity 3/4/1801, Thomas Jefferson was the first president inaugurated at Washington D.C. In his inaugural address, he asked for unity between Republicans and Federalists. Jefferson in Office Jefferson did what he could to appease the Federalists, but sometimes he gave in to pressure from Republicans to remove Federalists in lesser offices. William Marbury was appointed Supreme Court judge by Adams just before Adams left the presidency. Madison and Jefferson could do nothing to stop him but did manage to impeach John Pickering from Supreme Court. Chief Justice John Marshall displayed the power of the Supreme Court and the power of the constitution over the states.

euro 25

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Chapter 25 The Beginning of the Twentieth-century Crisis: War and Revolution The Road to World War I Nationalism and Internal Dissent Division of Europe?s great powers into two loose alliances only added to tensions Each nation-state regarded itself as sovereign, subject to no higher interest or authority Each state was motivated by its own self-interest and success Not all ethnic groups had achieved the goal of nationhood Socialist labor movements had grown more powerful Militarism Influence of military leaders grew as armies grew Military leaders insisted that their plans could not be altered Generals? lack of flexibility forced European political leaders to make decision for military instead of political reasons The Outbreak of War: The Summer of 1914

euro 27

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Chapter 27 The Deepening of the European Crisis: World War II Prelude to War (1933-1939) The Role of Hitler Germany needed more land to support a larger population and be a great power Hitler firmly believed in Lebensraum (living space) Hitler: Russian Revolution created conditions for Germany to expand east Bolshevik seizure of power left Russia weak Russia could be resettled by German peasants using Slavic slave labor Hitler?s expansionist ambitions initially supported by conservative elite eventually realized that Nazi policy went far beyond previous goals Hitler?s ability to be both ideologue and opportunist Hitler periodically deviated from Mein Kampf foreign policy goals always returned to basic ideological plans for racial supremacy The ?Diplomatic Revolution? (1933-1936)

test21-17

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Key Events in the Revolutionary War Event Date Location Significance Lexington-Concord April 1775 Massachusetts First armed conflict. Propaganda victory for U.S. Casualties: U.S.:95. British: 270 Ft. Ticonderoga May 1775 Lake Champlain Ethan Allen captured fort and cannon later used in defense of Boston Breed's Hill (Bunker Hill) June 1775 Boston 1/6 of all British officers killed in war die here. Only battle in long siege of Boston Invasion of Quebec Winter 1775-76 Maine/Canada Gens. Arnold and Montgomery failed in invasion attempt of Canada Dorchester Heights March 1776 Boston British forced to evacuate New England Declaration of Independence July 1776 Philadelphia 2nd Continental Congress issues formal declaration of separation from British

test21-12

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Key Events & Causes: War of 1812 Event Date Location Significance Napolean excludes British goods from "fortress Europe" 1806 Europe American ships caught in middle as British respond with blockade. British seize 1000 U.S. ships, French ca. 500. British impress American sailors 1803-1812 High seas British captains took over 10,000 American citizens to man ships. Chesapeake -Leopard fight June 1807 3 miles off Norfolk, Virginia Chesapeake fired on by Leopard after refusing to be boarded. 3 Americans killed, 18 wounded. Embargo Act December 1807 Washington, D.C. Jefferson's attempt at "peaceful coercion" resulted in economic disaster for merchants. War Hawks elected to Congress 1810 U.S.

test21-11

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Key Events and Battles of the Civil War Event Date Location Significance Lincoln elected president November 1860 U.S. Though winning in the electoral college, Lincoln's lack of a popular majority (1.9 million out of 4.7 million votes cast) is an indication of the problems he would face with a divided nation South Carolina secedes December 1860 South Carolina On news of Lincoln's election, South Carolina (site of nullification fight in 1830s) secedes Confederacy formed February 1861 Montgomery, Alabama Seven states form Confederacy, write their own constitution, and plan for an independent nation Lincoln inaugurated March 1861 Washington, D.C. Lincoln enters Washington D.C. in disguise because of unrest. Southerners begin seizing federal posts.

test21-7

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Key Events & Battles, French & Indian War ?Event Date Location Notes/Significance British defeated at Ft. Duquesne 1755 Western Pennsylvania (present-day Pittsburgh) Gen. Braddock's force of 1450 men surrounded and defeated by Indian and French-Canadian forces American colonists refuse to serve under British commander 1757 American colonies New British commander (Lord Loudoun) closely managed the war effort, demanding exact numbers of recruits and money from colonies. Colonial assemblies began to refuse to cooperate. French take Ft. Osage 1756 Upstate New York French commander Montcalm takes fort, but is horrified to discover that his Indian allies kill wounded soldiers, take scalps, and make slaves of captives. Massacre at Ft. William Henry 1757

test21-3

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Big Three: Churchill, Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam, Germany in July 1945. Truman informed of successful test of bomb. Big Three demand unconditional surrender from Japanese or new weapon would be used. Some suggest that Truman was warning Stalin if he didn?t follow through with the decisions at Yalta, it could happen to the Soviet Union. potsdam atomic bomb Atomic bomb dropped on these two cities: Hiroshima 80,000 to 100,000 killed Nagasaki 65,000 to 80,000 killed Arguments for use Japanese refused to surrender. It was estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to bring the war to an end. US officials estimated conquest of Japan?s empire would last an additional 18 months to 2 years.

APUSH Unit 8 MILs

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Brother's Blood and Border Blood The remaining Border States of the United States were very crucial for both the North and the South, as they could secede at any moment and join the South, thus putting Washington, DC in danger. The Border States have not yet seceded, but they could at any time. If they did, Washing DC (the North's capital) would be completely surrounded my seceded states and could easily be attacked. Lincoln had to act fast to keep these Border States in the North, so he used "dubious" legal methods such as sending troops to Virginia and Missouri to secure these areas. Lincoln assured the Border States that he was only trying to save the union and not free the slaves, as all the border states were slave states. The Balance of Forces

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