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Ecology

AP Biology Notes on Ecology

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UNIT 15 - ECOLOGY List of Terms Ecology: study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other Population: group of individuals of one species in one area that can breed and interact with one another Community: all the organisms in one area Ecosystem: All the organisms in an area and abiotic factors in that area Abiotic factors: nonliving, include temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks, etc. Biosphere: global ecosystem Biotic potential: max rate at which a population can increase under ideal conditions Influenced by factors like age at which reproduction begins, lifespan during which you can reproduce, # of reproductive periods in lifetime, and the max # of offspring the organism can produce

Cp 3 Ecosystems

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Cp 3 Ecosystems, What are they and How do They Work? p. 62 1. Define biomass 2. Give an everyday example. 3. Because the transfer of energy through the food chains and webs is not very ______________, some chemical energy is lost to the environment as ______-_______ _______. 4. What is ecological efficiency? 5. Give the range and the typical (specify which is which). 6. Prepare an Energy pyramid, start at 100,000 Calories Give all alternative names for each level. p. 63 7. The energy flow pyramids explain what about human populations? 8. About two thirds of the world?s human population survive on which foods? Why? p. 64 9. Why are food chains rarely more than 4 at the most 5 levels? 10. What is Gross primary producitivity? 11. How is it measured?

AP Environmental Science Miller 17th Edition Ch.3 Cycles

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APES CH.3 CYCLES Biogeochemical/nutrient cycles- the elements and compounds that make up nutrients move continually through air, water, soil, rock, and living organisms within ecosystems as well as in the biosphere. Driven directly/indirectly by solar energy and gravity are the hydrologic, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles.

Acts to protect animals

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Alondra Serrano Acts to Protect Animals & Plants I. CITES A. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora B. 80 nations participated and signed in 1973 C. Monitors and in some cases restricts international commerce in plant and animal species believed to be harmed by trade II. Endangered Species Act (ESA) A. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) B. Adopted 1973 C. Purpose: to prevent the extinction of native and non-native animals and plants by providing measures to help alleviate the loss of species and their habitat D. Interesting Facts 1. Endangered: an animal or plant in danger of extinction

Acts to protect animals

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Alondra Serrano Acts to Protect Animals & Plants I. CITES A. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora B. 80 nations participated and signed in 1973 C. Monitors and in some cases restricts international commerce in plant and animal species believed to be harmed by trade II. Endangered Species Act (ESA) A. Administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) B. Adopted 1973 C. Purpose: to prevent the extinction of native and non-native animals and plants by providing measures to help alleviate the loss of species and their habitat D. Interesting Facts 1. Endangered: an animal or plant in danger of extinction

Ch. 55 Campbell's AP Bio

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Chapter 55 Conservation Biology and Restoration Ecology Lecture Outline Overview: The Biodiversity Crisis Conservation biology integrates ecology, evolutionary biology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and behavioral ecology to conserve biological diversity at all levels. Restoration ecology applies ecological principles in an effort to return degraded ecosystems to conditions as similar as possible to their natural, predegraded state. Scientists have described and formally named about 1.8 million species of organisms. Some biologists think that about 10 million more species currently exist. Others estimate the number to be as high as 200 million.

Apush cornell notes

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We are placing unprecedented pressure on marine resources Half the world?s marine fish populations are fully exploited 25% of fish population are overexploited and heading to extinction Total fisheries catch leveled off after 1998, despite increased fishing effort populations of all ocean species we fish for today will collapse by the year 2048 People began depleting sea life centuries ago Some species hunted to extinction: Steller?s sea cow, Atlantic gray whale, Caribbean monk seal Overharvesting of Chesapeake Bay oyster beds led to the collapse of its fishery, eutrophication, and hypoxia Decreased sea turtle populations causes overgrowth of sea grass and can cause sea grass wasting disease People never imagined that groundfish could be depleted

AP bio chapter 24 outline notes

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CHAPTF,F.24 THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES OUTLII\E L What Is a SPecies? A. The biological species concept emphasizes reproductive isolation B. prezygotic and postzygotic barriers isolate the gene pools of biological species C. The biological species concept does not work in all situations D. Other species concepts emphasize features and processes that identiff and unite species members II. Modes of SPeciation A. Geographical isolation can lead to the origin of species: allopatric speciation B. A new species can originate in the geographical midst of the parent species: sympatric sPeciation c. Genetic change in populations can account for speciation D. The punctuated equilibrium model has stimulated research on the tempo of speciation The Origin of Evolutionary NoveltY

Ap Biology Study Guide Semester 1

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Ecology 1. Describe the different classifications for the distribution of species Clumped most common animals herd around crucial resources or due to social factors, such as family prey often clump together to hide from and locate predators minimal space between individuals Lions, hyenas, giraffes, and elephants clump near water sources during Africa?s dry season Uniform space between individuals is maximized competition for resources direct social interactions such as territoriality Penguins exhibit aggression over their territory creating a uniform distribution some plants release a chemical that inhibits the growth of other plants in the area Random Least common location of one individual is completely independent from another

ecology

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Ecology-A Study of Relationships Ecology means the study of the home Ecology is the study of organisms in their natural environment Biosphere is everywhere that life exists Viewing planet Earth from Space Satellites are an economical way to gather data; they have sensors, these gather data quickly from a very large region, and they last a long time Electromagnetic radiation Total ozone-mapping spectrometer Understanding environmental interactions allows us to predict the effects of human activity Biomes- Climatic Zones of Life Biome- a large geographic region determined by the climate and soil type Climate- average weather pattern over a long period of time Ecosystem- a Functional Unit Ecosystem is the Functional Unit because biome is too big to conduct research

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