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AP BIOLOGY CH 26

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Biology
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Biology
Historical geology
Geological history of Earth
microbiology
Evolutionary biology
Paleontology
Geologic time scale
Eukaryote
organism
Prokaryote
Archaea
bacteria
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Chapter 26 The Tree of Life An Introduction to Biological Diversity Overview: Changing Life on a Changing Earth Life is a continuum Extending from the earliest organisms to the great variety of species that exist today Geological events that alter environments Change the course of biological evolution Conversely, life changes the planet that it inhabits Figure 26.1 Geologic history and biological history have been episodic Marked by what were in essence revolutions that opened many new ways of life Concept 26.1: Conditions on early Earth made the origin of life possible Most biologists now think that it is at least a credible hypothesis That chemical and physical processes on early Earth produced very simple cells through a sequence of stages

The Chemistry Of Life

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Biology
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Chemistry
Chemical bonding
Quantum chemistry
Atomic physics
Chemical properties
Theoretical chemistry
Chemical bond
Valence electron
Orbital hybridisation
Covalent bond
molecule
Atomic orbital
Technology
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Chapter 2 The Chemical Context of Life Elements and Compounds An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Sodium Chlorine Sodium chloride Essential Elements of Life Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96% of living matter Trace elements are those required by an organism in minute quantities LE 2-3 Nitrogen deficiency Iodine deficiency LE 2-4 Nucleus Electrons Cloud of negative charge (2 electrons) Atomic Number and Atomic Mass Atoms of the various elements differ in number of subatomic particles Atomic number Mass number Atomic mass Isotopes Atoms of an element have the same number of protons but may differ in number of neutrons

AP Bio: Potato Osmosis Lab Report

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Biology
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Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Chemical properties
Sweeteners
Physical chemistry
Solution
Sucrose
Osmosis
Molar concentration
Potato
concentration
Mass
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As visible from the data presented in the table and graph, the mass change in percent seems to decrease as the sucrose concentration increases. There seems to be minimal percent change of mass between 0.7M and 0.8M. Conclusions/Discussion After carefully recording data, we extrapolated that there is an inverse relationship between sucrose concentration and mass change. The inverse relationship is that as sucrose concentration increases, the mass change will decrease. By the conclusion, it was also concluded that the color-coded solutions had molarities of: Yellow= 0.2M Blue= 0.4M Clear= 0.6 Pink= 0.8M Green= 1M The hypothesis was supported by this conclusion.

AP Biology slides 45-47

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Biology
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Biology
anatomy
Human reproduction
Developmental biology
Endocrine system
Peptide hormones
fertility
Neuroendocrinology
Ovulation
Germ cell
Luteinizing hormone
Menstrual cycle
health
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Endocrine System Chapter 45 Overview: The Body?s Long-Distance Regulators Animal hormones are chemical signals that are secreted into the circulatory system and communicate regulatory messages within the body Hormones reach all parts of the body, but only target cells are equipped to respond Send chemicals around the body Specific to target cells 2 LE 45-2a Target effectors Response Simple endocrine pathway Glycogen breakdown, glucose release into blood Liver Blood vessel Pancreas secretes glucagon ( ) Endocrine cell Low blood glucose Receptor protein Stimulus Pathway Example Released compounds will elicit a response Ex: pancreas releasing glucagon with low blood sugar 3 LE 45-2b Target effectors Response Simple neurohormone pathway Stimulus Pathway Example Suckling Milk release
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