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Politics of the United States

Chapter 9

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Protestant Episcopal Church The disestablished Anglican Church, reformed 1786 Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom A statute allowing for separation, to some degree, of church and state, passed by Jefferson and Baptists. republican motherhood A sentiment that found housewives responsible for cultivating good republican values in their children Massachusetts Constitution Called a special convention to draft constitution, ratified by public Empress of China A pioneering trade ship that carried ginseng to China. Articles of Confederation (1781) The product of the Congressional committee writing a constitution fundamental law superior to the transient whims of ordinary legislation loose confederation

Chapter 10

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Washington?s cabinet Set precedent, the heads of department assembled to advise the presdient Bill of Rights A list of guarantees for American freedoms, drafted by James Madison and added to the constitution as the first ten Amendments Judiciary Act (1789) Established and organized effective courts, including SCOTUS Alexander Hamilton Treasury Secretary, who aimed to assume all debts and establish BUS ?funding at par? the federal government would pay off debts at face value ?assumption? Having Congress assume state debts, bound states to federal government federal district Placing the federal district on the Potomac allowed Virginia to ?assume? Whiskey Rebellion A rebellion in PA against taxes on whiskey. Federal response was strong

Chapter 11

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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of Jeffersonian Democracy ?John Adams?s Jackasses? The new navy rallied for America?s conflict against France, which never happened Revolution of 1800 The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans Naturalization Law (1802) a law restoring the citizenship requirement of residency to the original 5 years Albert Gallatin Secretary of the Treasury, who reduced the national debt and balanced the budget Judiciary Act (1801) Created 16 federal judgeships and other judicial offices John Marshall The strongly Federalist Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and cousin of Jefferson Marbury v. Madison A case establishing the SCOTUS?s power of judicial review (capacity to interpret Constitution)

Chapter 12

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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism, 1812-1824 Oliver Hazard Perry An American naval officer whose capture of British ships boosted morale Battle of the Thames An American victory by General Harrison?s army Thomas MacDonough An American who won a close battle by turning his ship about with cables Francis Scott Key An American who wrote ?Star Spangled Banner? after the defense of Baltimore Battle of New Orleans An American victory caused by British blundering against entrenched Americans Treaty of Ghent The peace treaty for the War of 1812, signed before the Battle of New Orleans. Hartford Convention A Federalist conference demanding certain concessions before fleeing after Ghent Rush-Bagot Agreement

chapter 19

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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion Uncle Tom?s Cabin?1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Inspired by the 2nd Great Awakening Wanted to show the North the horrors of slavery Especially the breaking up of families South claimed that the novel was unfair Not an accurate portrayal of slavery Stowe had never seen slavery in the Deep South Novel was very successful Millions of copies sold in US and abroad Huge political impact Northerners decided not to enforce the Fugitive Slave Law Boys who read the book in the North would be Union soldiers Popularity with the public in Europe kept European leaders from helping the South in the Civil War Another influential book The Impending Crisis of the South?1857?Hinton R. Helper

chapter 18

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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle The Popular Sovereignty Panacea Election of 1848 Polk does not want to run again for the democrats Democrats pick General Lewis Cass (War of 1812) Believed in popular sovereignty Popular Sovereignty? Doctrine that stated that the sovereign people of a territory should determine the status of slavery Whigs nominate General Zachary Taylor No official stance on the extension of slavery, but owned slaves Free Soil party Organized by antislavery men?agree with Wilmot Proviso Disliked slavery because it hurt whites chances to own land Wanted free soil in the West so whites could own property Nominated Van Buren Taylor won Free-soilers took votes from Democrats in NY CA Gold Rush, Sectional Balance and the Underground Railroad

chapter 17

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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy The Accession of ?Tyler Too? Webster and Clay expect to run the country after Harrison?s election Harrison is just a figurehead to get Whigs in office Unfortunately for Webster and Clay? Harrison dies after just 4 weeks in office John Tyler becomes president Many Whigs do not like Tyler Left the Democrats for the Whigs b/c he didn?t like Jackson Embraced states? rights issues Not a big supporter of the Bank, Tariffs, or Internal Improvements Clay begins to implement Whig plans Whig Congress passes a law ending the independent treasury Tyler signs it Next, Clay pushes a bill through Congress to establish a ?Fiscal Bank? This would establish a new Bank of US Tyler vetoes the bill

chapter 13

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Chapter 13: The Rise of Mass Democracy ?Corrupt Bargain? of 1824 Four Candidates for President John Q. Adams Henry Clay William H. Crawford Andrew Jackson John C. Calhoun is vice-pres candidate for Adams and Jackson Jackson is the strongest in the West Gets the most popular votes by a large margin Fails to get a majority of electoral votes Twelfth Amendment House decides among the top 3 candidates Clay is eliminated Crawford had a stroke Clay is the Speaker of the House Has the power to influence who gets elected Jackson and Clay don?t like each other Clay and Adams agree politically Nationalists Advocates of ?American System? Clay supports Adams and meets with him before the final vote to let him know Adams wins and makes Clay his Secretary of State

chapter 12

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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism War of 1812?On to Canada over Land and Lakes, Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended One of America?s worst-fought wars Widespread disunity Many people apathetic Regular army ill-trained, ill-disciplined, and widely scattered Poor military leadership Military strategists hoped to attain victory through Napoleon?s success in Europe and US land campaign against Canada Poor offensive strategy against Canada Americans may have won by taking Montreal, but? Sent a 3-pronged invasion?1812 All 3 forces were quickly defeated Several invasions turned back in 1813 British and Canadians had more energy to defend than the Americans had to attack and

chapter 11

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Chapter 11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Problems for Adams/Federalists Alien and Sedition Acts Hamilton and other Federalists that wanted to fight France not happy Americans in general angry about preparations for war with France Increased national debt New taxes?stamp tax Problems for Jefferson ?Whispering campaign? Robbed a widow Several children with slave women Religious liberal Orthodox clergy called him atheist Some people feared he would outlaw religion Jeffersonian ?Revolution of 1800? Jefferson defeats Adams, but? Aaron Burr has the same number of electoral votes Jefferson finally elected by the House when Hamilton convinced his supporters that Jefferson was better than Burr

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