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Archaea

Campbell Bio 8Ed Ch1 Notes Outline

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Chapter 1 Inquiring About the World of Life: Evolution: fundamental organizing principle of bio Biology: scientific study of life Answer questions about our everyday lives Evolution is core of bio New properties exist at each level of biology Emergent properties: arise at each level that do not exist at the preceding level Systems Biology: goal is to model the dynamic behavior of bio systems Organisms interact with environment Structure and Function Correlate at all levels Cells are basic units of structure and function Eukaryotic cell: subdivided into internal membranes Prokaryotic cell: simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cell Life based on information in form of DNA Genes: units that transmit inheritance info Genome: ?library of genetic instructions an organism inherits?

chapter 27 notes

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Chapter 27- bacteria and archaea Hypotonic hypertonic Lysis Mycoplasmas- bacteria that lack cell walls Gram positive bacteria- cell walls made of peptidoglycan Penicillin works on gram positive bacteria by preventing the synthesis of peptidoglycan Cell wall layers are: outermost is capsule, then lipopolysaccharide, then peptidoglycan, then phospholipids Cell wall is source of endotoxin Gram negative bacyeria- outer membrane with toxic lipopolysaccharides Plasmolysis- loss of water due to osmosis causes cytoplasm to pull away from cell wall Occurs in environments with high sugar content DNA should be located in the following to avoid cell death by adverse conditions, such as freezing, drying, or high temp: Nucleoid, endospore, plasmid

chapter 26 notes

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Chapter 26 Rooted Tree- has an ancestor common to all organisms on the tree Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species Node- spot where a common ancestor exists of branches coming off of it Phylocode method of classification- naming based on similarities Homoplasy- a trait (genetic, morphological etc.) that is shared by two or more taxa because of convergent evolution i.e. 4 chambered heart in mammals and birds Clade- a group consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants, a single "branch" Cladistics- grouped together based on whether or not they have one or more shared unique characteristics that come from the group's last common ancestor and are not present in more distant ancestors

Biology Studyguide

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Evolutionary biology
Behavior
Science
Organism
Ethology
Biology
Systematics
Attachment theory
Hierarchy
Biological classification
Organ
Health
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Unit 1: Scientific Method and Interdependence: Chapters 1, 33 - 36 Chapter 1: The Study of Life Hierarchy of levels: Atoms to molecules to cells to tissues to organs to organ systems to organisms. Characteristics of life, and definition of life: Life is characterized by (1) organization, (2) acquisition of materials and energy, (3) reproduction, (4) responses to stimuli, (5) homeostasis, (6) growth and development and (7) the capacity to adapt. Classification system to group organisms (DKPCOFGS): Systematics: Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Human classification: Domain Euakarya Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata (vertebrae) Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species Homo sapiens

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