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Homologous chromosome

Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics

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Chapter 10: Sexual Reproduction and Genetics CHROMOSOMES AND CHROMOSOME NUMBER -Human body cells have 46 chromosomes -Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes -Homologous chromosomes- one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent -Same length -Same centromere position -Carry genes that control the same inherited traits HAPLOID AND DIPLOID CELLS -An organism produces gametes to maintain the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation -Human gametes contain 23 chromosomes -A cell with n chromosomes is a haploid cell -A cell with 2n chromosomes is a diploid cell - MEIOSIS I -The sexual life cycle in animals ivolves meiosis -Meiosis produces gametes -When gametes combine in fertilization, the number of chromosomes is restored MEIOSIS

Bio_160_Lecture3

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Inheritance and DNA Cellular Basis of Reproduction & Inheritance ? Chapter 8 The cell cycle multiplies cells and consists of two major phases Figure 8.5 ? The stages of cell division Figure 8.6 (Part 1) Figure 8.6 (Part 2) Cytokinesis differs for plant and animal cells Figure 8.7A The binding of growth factors to specific receptors on the plasma membrane is usually necessary for cell division. Control systemG1 S G2M G1 checkpoint Plasma membrane Growth factor Receptor protein Relay proteins Signal transduction pathway Figure 8.9B ? Cancer cells divide excessively to form masses of cells called tumors ?Malignant tumors can invade other tissues Tumor Glandular tissue A tumor grows from a single cancer cell. Cancer cells invade

Campbell Biology Chapter 15 Summary

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Chapter 15 The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Lecture Outline Overview: Locating Genes on Chromosomes Genes are located on chromosomes. Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes Around 1900, cytologists and geneticists began to see parallels between the behavior of chromosomes and the behavior of Mendel?s factors. Using improved microscopy techniques, cytologists worked out the process of mitosis in 1875 and meiosis in the 1890s. Chromosomes and genes are both present in pairs in diploid cells. Homologous chromosomes separate and alleles segregate during meiosis. Fertilization restores the paired condition for both chromosomes and genes.

Campbell Biology Chapter 13 Summary

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Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Lecture Outline Overview: Hereditary Similarity and Variation Living organisms are distinguished by their ability to reproduce their own kind. heredity or inheritance. The transmission of traits from one generation to the next is called offspring differ somewhat from parents and siblings, demonstrating variation. Farmers have bred plants and animals for desired traits for thousands of years, but the mechanisms of heredity and variation eluded biologists until the development of genetics in the 20th century. Genetics the scientific study of heredity and variation. Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes Genes are segments of DNA.

Chapter 13 Meiosis Powerpoint

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Chapter 13 Meiosis One of the characteristics of life is that organisms reproduce their own kind Exceptions to this rule only show up as tabloid rumors Offspring generally resemble their parents in some form Heredity-transfer of traits from parent to offspring But there is variation We will look at how chromosomes pass from parent to offspring Parents give offspring coded information in units called genes It is our link to our parents The genetic program is written in the language of DNA-4 bases It is symbolic DNA programs the cell to translate the information Ex: when we read the word apple, we see the fruit Cells do the same thing except in the form of a code that might mean freckles, blue eyes, brown hair

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 15

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name_______________________ Period___________ Chapter 15: The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance Concept 15.1 Mendelian inheritance has its physical basis in the behavior of chromosomes 1. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance? The chromosome theory of inheritance is a basic principle in biology stating that genes are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns. 2. Explain the law of segregation. Use two different colored pencils to illustrate the segregation of alleles. You may want to consult Figure 15.2 in your text, and model your sketches on this.

AP Bio Reading Guide Answers CH 13

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Copyright ? 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. -1- Name__________________________Period___________ Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles Concept 13.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 1. Let?s begin with a review of several terms that you may already know. Define: gene: A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses) locus: A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located gamete: A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. male gamete: Sperm female gamete: Eggs

chapter 13 reading guide

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AP Biology Name _________________________ Chapter 13 Guided Reading Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.?? Define the following terms: Life cycle? Somatic cell? Karyotype? Homologous chromosomes? Sex chromosomes? Autosomes? Diploid cell? Haploid cell? Fertilization? Zygote? meiosis? How are karyotypes prepared???? Describe the three different types of life cycles.????? What exactly is meant by alternation of generations???? Complete the diagram below outlining an overview of meiosis.???? What are the two broad goals of meiosis??? Label the following diagrams of meiosis.?????? Summarize the comparison of mitosis and meiosis.????????? Describe in detail the three sources of genetic variation in meiosis. ?????? ?????? ???

AP Biology Test Bank Chapter 13

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Campbell's Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 13 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles New questions are mostly at higher skill levels in this chapter. The new questions represent newer material both in the chapter and in the area of biological research. All questions with accompanying art work or questions grouped together as sets have been organized at the end of the chapter. Multiple-Choice Questions 1) If a horticulturist breeding gardenias succeeds in having a single plant with a particularly desirable set of traits, which of the following would be her most probable and efficient route to establishing a line of such plants? A) Backtrack through her previous experiments to obtain another plant with the same traits.

Mitosis and Meiosis

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2/27/13 1:16 PM Sisterchromatids ? 2 identical copies of a chromosome/chromatin attached at a centromere. Meiosis 2 divisions called meiosis I and meiosis II. During Meiosis I Crossing over ? exchanges genetic information between homologous chromosomes. Independent assortment ? Line up randomly and separate into daughter cells Both increase genetic diversity in sexual reproduction. During Meiosis II Sisterchromatids divide Final Result 4 cells, haploid genetically different from original cell. Mitosis and Meiosis 2/27/13 1:16 PM 2/27/13 1:16 PM
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