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A Tour of the Cell

Subject: 
Biology
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Biology
organelles
Endomembrane system
cell
Vesicle
Endoplasmic reticulum
mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Eukaryote
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
health
behavior
Human development
Interpersonal relationships
Love
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Ch. 7 Tour of the Cell 2007-2008 Light Microscope - LM ? Uses visible light ? inexpensive ? live or dead objects ? Resolution: ? As magnification ?, resolution ?. ? ~1000X. ? Limitations: ? many cell structures too small Just magnified 64X Magnification & Resolution Light Microscope Variations ? Unstained ? Stained: ?Methylene blue ? iodine Light Microscope Variations ? Fluorescence: uses dyes to make parts of cells ?glow?. ? Phase-contrast: enhances contrasts in density. ? Confocal: uses lasers and special optics to focus only narrow slides of cells. Electron Microscopes ? Use beams of e- ? Invented in 1939 ? Advantages: ?Much higher mag. ? 50,000X ? Disadvantages: ? Vacuum.

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 10

Subject: 
Economics
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National accounts
economics
macroeconomics
Economic indicators
Gross domestic product
Circular flow of income
Measuring GDP
Measures of national income and output
Balance of trade
Value added
Investment
National Income and Product Accounts
Business
behavior
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?? Chapter 10: The Circular Flow and Gross Domestic Product ? National income and product accounts/National accounts: keep track of the flows of money between different sectors of the economy/ keep track of the spending of consumers, sales of producers, business investment spending, government purchases, and a variety of other flows of money among different sectors of the economy The Simple Circular Flow Diagram: Simple economic diagram with households and firms, omits a number of real-world complications in the interest of simplicity Household: consists of either an individual or a group of people who share their income Firm: is an organization that produces goods and services for sale and employs members of households

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 8

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Economics
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Pricing
economics
Business
marketing
Price ceiling
Price floor
Economic shortage
Economic equilibrium
Supply and demand
Price controls
Economic surplus
Price
behavior
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?? Chapter 8: Supply and Demand: Price Controls (Ceilings and Floors) Price controls: legal restrictions on how high or low a market price may go, government action in economy price ceiling: a maximum price sellers are allowed to charge for a good or service price floor: a minimum price buyers are required to pay for a good or service. Assumption: the markets in question are efficient before price controls are imposed price controls in inefficient markets don?t necessarily cause problems and can potentially move the market closer to efficiency Price Ceilings ? Push Prices down Price Ceiling: suppliers have less incentive to offer apartments less of a good are produced Consumer have higher demand shortage of good

Krugman AP MacroEconomics Chapter 7

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Economics
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economics
demand
Consumer theory
macroeconomics
Pricing
Supply and demand
Economic equilibrium
Economic surplus
Demand curve
supply
Quantity adjustment
AD-AS model
Politics
Business
behavior
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?? Chapter 7: Supply and Demand: Changes in Equilibrium ? substitutes: if the price of good1 rises, the demand for good2 will increase if the price of good1 falls, the demand for good2 will decrease An increase in demand leads to a rise in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. A decrease in demand leads to a fall in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity. Increase in demand: rightward shift of the demand curve market is no longer in equilibrium shortage: quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied price rises increase in the quantity supplied upward movement along the supply curve new equilibrium When demand for a good or service increases, the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity of the

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 6

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Economics
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economics
Pricing
Terminology
demand
Consumer theory
Supply and demand
Economic equilibrium
supply
Demand curve
Economic surplus
Market clearing
Price
behavior
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?? Chapter 6: Supply and Demand: Supply and Equilibrium ? quantity supplied actual amount of a good or service producers are willing to sell at some specific price the quantity that producers are willing to produce and sell depends on the price they are offered supply schedule shows how much of a good or service producers will supply at different prices works same as the demand schedule -,-l supply curve shows the relationship between quantity supplied and price law of supply says that, other things being equal, the price and quantity supplied of a good are positively related if price goes up, production of a good (quantity) goes up supply curves slope upward: the higher the price being offered, the more of any good or service producers are

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 4

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Economics
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economics
International trade
International economics
Economic theories
International relations
Comparative advantage
Gains from trade
Absolute advantage
The Wealth of Nations
Paul Krugman
human
David Ricardo
behavior
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?? Chapter 4: Comparative Advantage and Trade Trade: people divide tasks among themselves and each person provides a good or service that other people want in return for different goods and services wanted Gains from Trade: dividing tasks allows for more people to get more of what they want Specialization: When gains from trade are caused by division of tasks Adam Smith?s (1776) The Wealth of Nations: 18th century pin factory where each person specializes in the production of one thing Production Possibilities: curve model is particularly useful for illustrating gains from trade based on comparative advantage Most important insights in all of economics is that there are gains from trade even if one of the trading parties isn?t especially good at anything

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 3

Subject: 
Economics
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economics
Microeconomics
Costs
Production–possibility frontier
Economic efficiency
Inefficiency
Opportunity cost
Productive efficiency
Production theory
behavior
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? Chapter 3: The Production Possibilities Curve Model ? Trade-Off: when you give something up in order to have something else Production Possibilities Curve Model: simplified economy that only produces two goods, able to show trade-off?s more clearly, simplifies the complexities of reality inside/on the curve (shaded area): feasible outside the curve (shaded area): not feasible PPC= production possibilities curve Slope of a straight line production possibilities curve equal to the opportunity cost Outward shift: increase in resources of progress in technology Efficient: no missed opportunities, no way to make some people better off without making other people worse off

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 2

Subject: 
Economics
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economics
inflation
business cycle
macroeconomics
Economic theories
unemployment
deflation
Great Depression
Recession
Monetary inflation
Labour economics
Full employment
Labor
Business
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Chapter 2: Module Introduction to Macroeconomics ? Business Cycle: differences between downturns and upturns in macroeconomic Depression: Deep and prolonged downturn (ex: great depression) Recession: shorter economic downturns where output and employment are dropping (ex: state of the US now) Expansion: upturn where output and employment are rising Employment/Unemployment Employment: total number of people working for pay, rises in good economy Unemployment: total number of people who aren?t employed, rises in bad economy Labor Force: A country?s sum of employment and unemployment Unemployment Rate: percentage of labor force/people in country who are unemployed Aggregate Output Output: quantity of goods and services, decreases in bad economy

Krugman AP Macro Economics Chapter 1

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Economics
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Marginal concepts
economics
Economic theories
Microeconomics
Costs
Marginalism
Value theory
Marginal utility
Labour economics
Marginal cost
Health economics
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Chapter 1: The Study of Economics ? Economics: The study of scarcity and choice- individual choice Individual Choice: Decisions made by an individual of what to/not to do Economy: System that coordinates consumption and distribution of goods/services Market Economy: Decentralized production, publicly owned, no authority saying what to/not to make (ex: United States) Command Economy: Central authority, publicly owner, don?t work very well (ex: Soviet Russia) Problem: lack of motivation, better quality work doesn?t make more money, ineffective supply&demand Property rights: Establishes ownership causing incentive to work and thus production to increase Marginal Analysis: Study of marginal decisions, the pros and cons of doing a little bit more or less

Physicss

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Physics
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Chapter 1, Introduction CHAPTER 1 Conceptual Problems C1. A room in a house has a floor area of 120 ft2. Which of the following is most likely the approximate volume of the room? a. 3 m3 b. 30 m3 c. 300 m3 d. 3 000 m3 C2. When SI units are plugged into an equation, it is found that the units balance. Which of the following can we expect to be true for this equation? a. The equation will be dimensionally correct. b. The equation will be dimensionally correct except sometimes in cases when the right hand side of the equation has more than one term. c. The equation will not be dimensionally correct. d. All constants of proportionality will be correct.

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