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Mali Empire

persia_chart_4_africa.doc

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AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS 600-1800s Political Varied geography (coastal, savanna, desert, rainforest acting as a mirror like image moving out from the equator) = diverse cultures Power shared among village people (decisions by consensus and councils) Powerful trading empires of west developed ? Ghana, Mali, & Songhai (West African Kingdoms) Ghana: 800 -1000; $ from gold trade, Muslim influences (military, gov?t, Arabic writing, architectural styles) but distinct culture preserved Mali: 1200-1450; conquers Ghana, most powerful ruler was Mansa Musa (converted to Islam, based laws on the Quran, went on hajj), Timbuktu (center of Muslim learning) Songhai: 1450-1600; largest West African state, efficient bureaucracy

Chapter 8

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Chapter 8 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Mansa Musa ? crossed Sahara on hajj 1. wealth symbolized potential of Africa B. Sub-sahara never totally isolated 1. But?for periods contact was difficult and intermittent C. Changes came from 1. Arrival of Muhammad followers a. Commercial and military attributes b. changed by Islam, but retained individuality c. African culture not united d. provided major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and world D. State building 1. Mali, Songhay ? created more from military power than ethnic/cultural unity 2. Merchant city states on west/East coast 3. Portugese in 15th century brought Africans into world economy more 4. Bantu migration continued

post classical africa

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Post classical states and societies of Sub-Sahara Africa Political: Sundiata-founder of Mali empire in west Africa in the 13th century, oral tradition tells of him by professional singers and storytellers called griots. His father ruled a small west African kingdom, but sundiata had a defective leg and was crippled. When enemies killed his family, he learned the bow in the woods. Sundiata was sent to another kingdom where he assembled a cavalry and posed as a warrior. 1235 he returns and claims throne, and builds a capital at Niani, soon becoming a commercial center Between 1000-1500 CE people of sub Saharan Africa expand and do interregional trade. Also had indian ocean trade By 1000 ce bantus are in most Africa south of equator, while kushite, Sudanese, and others have communities

Chapter 8 Voc.

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Chapter 8 African Civilizations and the Spread of Islam I. Introduction A. Mansa Musa ? crossed Sahara on hajj 1. wealth symbolized potential of Africa B. Sub-sahara never totally isolated 1. But?for periods contact was difficult and intermittent C. Changes came from 1. Arrival of Muhammad followers a. Commercial and military attributes b. changed by Islam, but retained individuality c. African culture not united d. provided major external contact between sub-Saharan Africa and world D. State building 1. Mali, Songhay ? created more from military power than ethnic/cultural unity 2. Merchant city states on west/East coast 3. Portugese in 15th century brought Africans into world economy more 4. Bantu migration continued

CHAPTER8: AFRICAN CIVILIZATION AND THE SPREAD OF ISLAM

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CHAPTER8: AFRICAN CIVILIZATION AND THE SPREAD OF ISLAM Pp. 170-191 I. OVERVIEW A. Political 1. Many states were ruled by kinship groups (stateless societies) 2. Patriarch/council of elders of a family or group of lineages as leaders in Sudanic states 3. Distinctive regional towns that developed in western Sudan 4. Large states were ruled by a dominant family B. Social 1. Ruling families used titles such as emir or caliph to reinforce authority 2. Mixture of Islam and pagan practice and belief 3. Some kingdoms resisted Islam 4. Many Sudanic societies were matrilineal and recognized role of women C. Economic 1. International trade 2. Africa had 30-60 million inhabitants
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