| 1732439563 | The former american colonies population growth 1790-1800 | population grew 3.9 million to 5.3 million | | 0 |
| 1732439564 | Problems in the Spanish American colonies | 1. Tensions mounted between the Spanish-born peninsulares, high officials, and bureaucrats, and the native born criollos of Spanish descent.
2. None of New Spain's northern provinces mines thrived. | | 1 |
| 1732439565 | In an effort to protect their rich colony of Mexico, the Spanish... | established a chain of twenty-one missions in Alta California that stretched north from San Diego to Sonoma. | | 2 |
| 1732439566 | Largest of the Spanish Missions | Los Angeles | | 3 |
| 1732439567 | Haiti and the Caribbean | The world was jolted in 1791 when Toussant L'Ouverture led a revolt of slaves on France's colony Saint-Domingue. The former colony was renamed Haiti (the name that the native inhabitants of the called it).
This revolt struck fear into the hearts of white slave owners and gave hope to black slaves simultaneously. | | 4 |
| 1732439568 | The region of the greatest growth within the United States | Territory west of the Appalachian Mountains | | 5 |
| 1732439569 | US migration westward by 1800 | 500,000 people had found rich and fertile land along the Ohio River system. Soon there were enough people to earn statehood. | | 6 |
| 1732439570 | First trans-Appalachian states admitted to the union | Kentucky (1792) and Tennessee (1796) | | 7 |
| 1757463768 | When did strong American trade begin? | In the 1790s | | 8 |
| 1757463769 | Why did American trade stronger | America was neutral in the wars between France and Britain, so merchants had the legal right to import European goods and promptly reexport them to other European Countries. | | 9 |
| 1757463770 | Jefferson's republican Agrarianism | 1. Only America could provide a government that protected life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. No European government could do that because they didn't fertile American soil and land. (This ideology came from Malthus.)
2. Jefferson wanted a nation of small family farms clustered in rural communities.
3. Jefferson encouraged expansionism. | | 10 |
| 1757463771 | Flaws of expansionism | 1. Caused dissatisfaction of mobility rather than well settled lands
2. Environmental damage (soil exhaustion occured as lans were abandoned instead of preserved)
3. Spread of plantations based on slave labour
4. Ruthlessness towards Native Americans | | 11 |
| 1757463772 | Jefferson's Government | 1. Promised to:
-cut all internal taxes
-reduce the size of the army (4000 to 2500 men) and the Navy (25 to 7 ships)
-eliminate the national debt
2. Wanted to cut Govt.
3. Federal government covered very little (mostly just mail); states did most of the work | | 12 |
| 1757463773 | Jefferson concerning Federalists in his Cabinet | Jefferson did not purge Federalist officials, but he did purge the most notorious Federalists, the midnight judges. | | 13 |
| 1757463774 | Midnight Judges | In the last days of the Adams administration, the Federalist-dominated congress passed several acts that created new judgeships, and these positions were filled by people that Adams appointed, who were known later as the Midnight Judges. | | 14 |
| 1757463775 | Marbury v. Madison | 1. Case sparked by Jefferson's refusal to recognize Adam's "midnight judges."
2. Justice Marshall ruled that the duty of the courts was "to say what the law is."
3. Ruling made the Supreme Court a powerful nationalizing force. | | 15 |
| 1757463776 | The Louisiana Purchase | After taking the Louisiana territory from the Spanish to provide food for sugar trade from Haiti, Napoleon promptly failed in his conquest to capture Haiti. He needed money from his failed conquest, so he sold he Louisiana territory to the US for 15 million dollars. | | 16 |
| 1757463777 | What the Louisiana purchase did for the Americans | 1. Magnified a sense of manifest destiny
2. Increased the scope of the enslavement and destruction of African American slaves and for Native Americans. | | 17 |
| 1757463778 | Incorporating Louisiana | Louisiana got French civil law instead of English common law. This means family property was communal rather than male owned, inheritance was forced rather than at free disposal, and contracts were more rigid. | | 18 |
| 1757503502 | Texas and the Struggle for Mexican Independence | 1. Spain objected in vain to the sale of Louisiana as it left the northern border of Mexico buffered with only Texas, which was already settled by some Americans
2. When Napoleon invaded Spain and installed his brother on the thrown, fighting erupted, and Spain's new world empire began to slip away
3. Republicans in Mexico battled with royalists to fight for Mexico's independence from Spain
4. The Republicans were slaughtered, the Mexican population dropped to 2,000, and this failure of independence seemed to offer Americans an offer to expand. | | 19 |
| 1757997203 | Problems with neutral rights | 1. Britain frowned upon American merchants trying to trade with the French and sometimes attacked American vessels.
2. British also practiced impressment and even conversion to an American citizen (naturalization papers). The British did not approve, and would sometimes invade American ships and seize any man they believed to be British, whether they had papers or not. | | 20 |
| 1757997204 | The Embargo Act | December 1807, this forbade American ships from sailing to any foreign port, thereby cutting off all exports and imports. This act was created in order to boycott British involvement in preventing American trade with the French. | | 21 |
| 1757997205 | Results of the Embargo Act | Deep depression (of course. What did Jefferson think would happen?) | | 22 |
| 1757997206 | Congress response to the failed Embargo Act | Jefferson admitted his plan was a wreck. In march 1809, congress repealed the act under Madison's presidency. | | 23 |
| 1757997207 | Post-Jeffersonian attempts to change British treatment of American ships | Non-intercourse act of 180 and Macon's Bill Number 2 of 1810 both unsuccessfully attempted to prohibit trade with Britain and France unless they ceased their hostile treatment of US ships. | | 24 |
| 1757997208 | A Contradictory Indian Policy | 1. Jefferson believed that the Native Americans would cede their lands and learn how to farm
2. Jefferson offered land
3. However most white settlers just barged in and when attacked called in for military help. This resulted in a cycle of destruction for Native Americans | | 25 |
| 1757997209 | Tecumseh | Tecumseh, a Shawnee traditionalist with his prophet brother, gave rebirth to the resistance | | 26 |
| 1757997210 | Tecumseh's belief of land ownership | Tecumseh believed in common land, therefore no one group could sign a treaty to give it away as it believed to all Native People | | 27 |
| 1757997211 | Pan-Indian military resistance movement | Formed by Tecumseh, this movement called for the political and cultural unification of Indian tribes in the late eighteenth centuries. | | 28 |
| 1757997212 | PIMR success | Although the English claimed victory against the movement, in reality, the ID killed many pioneers, forced them from their towns, and Tecumseh himself entered into an alliance with the British, establishing his power. For white settlers, the Indian threat was greater than ever. | | 29 |
| 1757997213 | The War Hawks | Jeffersonian Republican members of congress from the south and west | | 30 |
| 1757997214 | War hawk views on the British | They found all aspects of British interference, such as impressment of sailors and support for western Native Americans, intolerable. They wanted to start a war with the British. | | 31 |
| 1757997215 | Did James Madison yield to the War Hawk's cry for conflict? | Yes, and in June 1812 his declaration for war passed in congress. | | 32 |
| 1757997216 | Federalists on the war with Britian | Every Federalist voted against the war with the British. | | 33 |
| 1757997217 | Regions that supported the war | The West and South supported the war | | 34 |
| 1757997218 | Regions that were against the war | New England and Middle states were against the war. | | 35 |
| 1757997219 | As a result of Jefferson's economizing, the American army and navy were... | Small and weak. | | 36 |
| 1757997220 | The British Army and Navy upon entering the war were... | 10 years out from the Napoleonic wars, and were powerful. | | 37 |
| 1757997221 | The worst British attack in the war of 1812 on the Americans | The British burned down Washington. | | 38 |
| 1757997222 | How did the Americans almost assuage their humiliation in Washington? | The Americans beat back an attack on Baltimore and Fort Henry. This battle was witnessed by Francis Scott Key, who saw "the rockets red glare," and was inspired to write this into the star spangled banner. ` | | 39 |
| 1757997223 | Success of American expansion during the 1812 was | The American goal of expansion was not faring well. The British-NA alliance was too powerful. | | 40 |
| 1758102174 | 3 reasons for Failure | 1. Brit-Indian force was stronger than what the Americans thought.
2. New England actively opposed the war and did not fund it.
3. Canadian residents were oppositional to becoming American. | | 41 |
| 1758102175 | The Creek War (1813-1814) | The Red Sticks, a group of Southern Creek Native Americans, enacted war against the Americans and even other Native American Tribes. Although they initially had the upper hand, they were defeated at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in March 1814, suffering 800 deaths, more than in any other battle of White-Native warfare. (Andrew Jackson was the American General at this time). | | 42 |
| 1758102176 | Jackson's war concessions demand from the Creek Indians | Large amounts of land, | | 43 |
| 1758102177 | The Hartford Convention | 1. Federalists from New England talk about seceding from the union (Hartford Convention)
2. The Hartford Convention in the end only listed grievances and stated that the state had the right to oppose unconstitutional federal authority through nullification. (like the Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts)
3. The Federal government ignored threats of nullification, as the war was about to end. | | 44 |
| 1758102178 | The Treaty of Ghent | 1. Treaty signed in December 1814 in Ghent, Belgium.
2. Brits agreed to evacuate western posts and abandoned the insistence on a buffer state for neutral Indian peoples.
3. Although there was no real winner, Andrew Jackson's victory at New Orleans made America think they had won and the war stopped the British from thinking of the U.S. as a colony.
4. Britain dropped it's alliances with Native American tribes. | | 45 |
| 1758102179 | The real losers of the war of 1812 | Native Americans, as:
1. Tecumseh died in the Battle of Thames-1813
2. Southern Creeks were defeated-1814
3. The Brits abandoned them in the Treaty of Ghent-1814
4. The U.S. was once again pushing into them-1815 | | 46 |
| 1758102180 | Population redistribution after the war of 1812 | Americans began to push into the Mississippi River that populated the old Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconson), and the Old Southwest (western Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. | | 47 |
| 1758102181 | Why did this migration occur? | 1. Attractive price of Western land.
2. The Eastern coastal states were overpopulated.
3. Native Americans were not as much of a threat after the war of 1812.
4. | | 48 |
| 1758102182 | 4 Migration Routes to the west | 1. New York: Mohawk and Genesee Turnpike leads to Lake Erie
2. Turnpike from Philidelphia to Pittsburgh + National Road led to Ohio River
3. South: Wilderness Road leads to Kentucky +Tenessee
4. South Carolina + Georgia: Federal Road leads to Alabama + Mississippi | | 49 |
| 1758319677 | President after Madison | James Monroe elected in 1816; Last of Virginia Dynasty; beat Federalist Rufus King (183 to 34); 1820 election won again against nobody (231 to 1). | | 50 |
| 1758319678 | Monroe's presidency was referred to the... | Era of good feelings | | 51 |
| 1758319679 | The American System | The program of Government subsidies favored by Henry Clay and his followers to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competition. | | 52 |
| 1758319680 | Monroe's government | 1. Selected John Quincey Adams (former federalist) to be his secretary of state and picked John Calhoun (a war hark republican) to be secretary of war. These two people balanced one another in Cabinet.
2. Supported the American System
3. Broke away from Jefferson's agrarianism to support Federalist programs for economic growth | | 53 |
| 1758319681 | Federalist programs for economic growth | 1. National Bank
2. Tax on imported goods to support American manufacturers
3. A national system of roads and canals | | 54 |
| 1758319682 | In 1816, congress chartered the... | Second Bank of the United States | | 55 |
| 1758319683 | Second Bank of the United States | Had extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit | | 56 |
| 1758319684 | John Quincey Adams' diplomacy (how was it effective) | His diplomacy resolved tensions with Britain | | 57 |
| 1758319685 | JQA's accomplishments | 1. Rush-Bagot treaty of 1817
2. Transcontinental Treaty of 1819
3. Monroe Doctrine
4. Convention of 1824 | | 58 |
| 1758319686 | Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 | Treaty between the Unites States and Britain that effectively demilitarized the Great Lakes by sharply limiting the number of ships each power could station on them. | | 59 |
| 1758319687 | Transcontinental treaty of 1819 | Treaty between the Unites States and Spain in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States, surrendered all claims to the Pacific Northwest, and agreed to a boundary between the Louisiana Purchase territory and the Spanish Southwest | | 60 |
| 1758319688 | Monroe Doctrine | Declaration by President James Monroe in 1823 that the Western Hemisphere was to be closed off to further European colonization and that the United States would not interfere in the internal affairs of European nations | | 61 |
