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AP US History: Chapter 5 Flashcards

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15444204590Thirteen Original Coloniesthe territories of Britain that would, in 1776, rebel against their mother country0
15444204591Pennsylvania Dutchname given to those Germans living in Pennsylvania in the colonial period1
15444204592Scots-Irishethnic group that was hard and bitter; lived often in the backcountry of America; squabbled with First Americans over land and evaded authority of England2
15444204593Paxton Boyshotheaded Scots-Irish who led attacks on Philadelphia and North Carolina to display their unhappiness; one was Andrew Jackson3
15444204594Regulator Movementmovement headed by the Paxton Boys in North Carolina that spoke out against eastern domination of the colonies' affairs4
15444204595Social Mobilitythe idea that a person can move up or down the social ladder throughout their life5
15444204597Smallpoxdisease that affected 20% of colonists; highly dreaded6
15444204614Charles Wilson Pealecolonial portaitist of George Washington7
15444204617Benjamin Franklinthe only truly successful scientist in the American colonial period8
15444204626Nash's Urban Crucible Theorythe idea that the competitive, individualistic society in America can be traced back to the colonies9
15444204616John Singleton Copleyaspiring colonists painter who was forced to move to London to support himself10
15444204613John Trumbullaspiring colonists painter who was forced to move to London to support himself11
15444204604Anglicansmembers of the Church of England; often viewed as loyalists12
15444204618John Peter Zengerman who wrote a controversial newspaper article and won a court case allowing freedom of speech, although the judge did not support the decision13
15444204619Royal Coloniescolonies directly ruled by a British governor14
15444204600Naval Storessupplies such as tar, pitch, rosin, and turpentine that were highly valued by the British15
15444204623Power of the Pursethe practice of with-holding a governor's salary until he did what the assemblies wanted16
15444204598Diphtheriadisease that took the lives of many young colonists17
15444204606Presbyterianschurch similar to Congregationalism that never became official in the colonies18
15444204602Tavernsbars placed along travel routes for entertainment and gossip19
15444204609Old Lightsorthodox clergymen who disapproved of the style of the Great Awakening20
15444204601Molasses Actlaw passed by the British to prevent American trade with the French West Indies; mostly it didn't work and just made the colonists angry21
15444204605Congregationalistsmembers of the other established church in Americca; grew out of Puritanism22
15444204620Proprietary Coloniescolonies who were ruled by a governor chosen by proprietors of that colony; included Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware23
15444204625Property Qualificationsthe idea that owning land was necessary to vote in an election24
15444204610New Lightsministers who preached the Great Awakening25
15444204599Triangular Tradesystem where whiskey was traded to African tribesmen in exchange for slaves, who were traded in the West Indies for molasses, which was sold in America to make whiskey...and so on26
15444204621Self-Governing Coloniescolonies who elected their own governor; included Connecticut and Rhode Island27
15444204608George Whitefieldsecond, more gregarious preacher of the Great Awakening28
15444204615Benjamin Westaspiring colonists painter who was forced to move to London to support himself29
15444204622Colonial Assembliescolonists who had a say in the government along with the governor; often made the governors into puppets30
15444204607Jonathan Edwardsthe first major preacher of the Great Awakening31
15444204611Baptistsanother religion in America that allowed more emotional worship of God32
15444204624Town Meetingsstyle of government that dominated in New England; every member of the town got together and had a say in the government33
15444204612Latin and GreekLanguages taught in colonial schools34
15444204603Established ChurchThe Anglican Church and the Congregationalist Church were the two in America35

AP US History Period 4 Review Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Period 4: 1800 - 1848 Chapter 7 - 11

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13938472967Second Great AwakeningsReligious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform.0
13938473002market revolutionStarting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods.1
13938473003Thomas JeffersonWashington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809.2
13938473004Battle of New OrleansGeneral Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States.3
13938473005Era of Good FeelingsTerm to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics.4
13938472968Jacksonian DemocracyThe time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man.5
13938473006Indian Removal ActPresident Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma.6
13938473007Romanticism in art and literatureEvoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent.7
13938473008Nullification CrisisIn 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina.8
13938473009Elizabeth Cady StantonA women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention.9
13938473010cotton ginThis machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers.10
13938473011War HawksLed by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier.11
13938472969William Lloyd GarrisonAdvocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator."12
13938472970Lucretia MottEarly feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery.13
13938473012Republican Motherhood/Cult of DomesticityAfter industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs.14
13938472971Sectionalism: The NorthLargely urban population that worked in factories.15
13938472972Sectionalism: The SouthLargely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850.16
13938472973Sectionalism: The WestLargely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others.17
13938472974Democratic-RepublicansFavored the common man, weak central government, hated the National Bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion.18
13938472975FederalistsFavored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion.19
13938472976National RepublicansFavored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, favored internal improvements.20
13938472977WhigsFavored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson.21
13938472978ImpressmentPractice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy.22
13938472979Treaty of GhentEnded the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum.23
13938472980Oliver Hazard Perry"We have met the enemy, and they are ours." Battle of Lake Erie.24
13938472981Frances Scott KeyWrote the Star Spangled banner at the Battle of Fort McHenry.25
13938473013Monroe DoctrineWarning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas.26
13938473014Missouri CompromiseAn 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30.27
13938472982King AndrewNickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power.28
13938473015Nat Turner RebellionIn 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. In retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt.29
13938472983Marbury v. MadisonEstablished the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review.30
13938473016American SystemHenry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of: * Protective Tariffs: * National Bank * Internal Improvements31
13938473017The Lowell Mill FactoryThe system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills. They were housed in company dormitories near the mills.32
13938473018Seneca Falls ConventionIn 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances.33
13938473019TranscendentalistsThey questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.34
13938473020Trail of TearsIn 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march.35
13938473021Hartford Convention (1814)A meeting was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812; some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected.36
13938472984Panic 1837Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank.37
13938472985Martin Van BurenBecame President after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jackson's popularity. Was faced with economic troubles.38
13938472986Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!William Henry Harrison's campaign slogan.39
13938472987TecumsehHe said, "They have pushed us from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further." Advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew British alliances.40
13938472988The ProphetAdvocated relocation rather than fighting Americans westward progression in order to preserve remnants of Native culture.41
13938472989The Embargo of 1807Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality.42
13938472990Macon's Bill no. 2Allowed the US to trade with either Great Britain or France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first.43
13938472991Adams-Onis TreatyGrave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens.44
13938472992Old HickoryNickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.45
13938472993Treaty of 1818Granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with Great Britain.46
13938472994Worcester v. GeorgiaSupreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States.47
13938472995John Q. AdamsElected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay. Republican48
13938472996The Tariff of 1828Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing.49
13938472997Force BillPermitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent South Carolina from secession.50
13938472998Henry ClayA northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.51
13938472999Virginia DynastyThomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe52
13938473000Results of the War of 1812-American Nationalism -War Heroes -Death of the Federalist Party53
13938477731panic of 1819Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.54
13938493405McCulloch v. MarylandMaryland was trying to tax the national bank and Supreme Court ruled that federal law was stronger than the state law55
13938500704State vs. Federalstate governments have more responsibility for public education than the federal government56
13938500705Fletcher v. PeckSupreme Court case which protected property rights and asserted the right to invalidate state laws in conflict with the Constitution57
13938502891Dartmouth College v. Woodward1819--New Hampshire had attempted to take over Dartmouth College by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protected under the contract clause of the U. S. Constitution; upholds the sanctity of contracts.58
13938543753Kitchen CabinetThe informal advisers to the president.59
13938550090Spoils SystemA system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.60

AP US History Period 3- People 1 Flashcards

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11079991785Thomas PaineAmerican Revolutionary leader (born in England) and pamphleteer. Supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution0
11079991786Nathaniel Greene"The Fighting Quaker". The number two man in the Continental Army. Led the army on many campaigns against the British forces.1
11079991787John JayFirst Chief Justice of Supreme Court. Played an important role in the establishment of the new government. Involved in drafting of the Constitution and The Federalist Papers.2
11079991788James Madison"Father of the Constitution". Author of the Constitution and Bill of Rights. Father of the Federalist party and the fourth President.3
11079991789Anti-federalistsPeople who opposed ratification of the Constitution4
11079991790John Locke17th century English philosopher. Opposed the Divine Right of Kings and asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.5
11079991791John HancockAmerican revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress6
11079991792Thomas Jefferson3rd president of the United States. Designed the township system. Favored limited central government.7
11079991793George IIIBecame King of England in 1760, and reigned during the American Revolution8
11079991794Samuel AdamsAmerican Revolutionary leader and patriot. Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence9
11079991795PatriotsAmerican colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won10
11079991796General BurgoyneBritish general appointed by King George III to crush the rebel forces11
11079991797General Cornwallis1783-1805 British military and political leader. Opposed the tax measures that led to the American Revolution. Led British forces during the American Revolution. Surrendered at Yorktown in 178112
11079991798Henry KnoxAmerican general who commanded Washington's artillery. Washington's Secretary of War.13

AP US History Chapter 6 Flashcards

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14995760713HuguenotsFrench Protestants influenced by John Calvin0
14995760714Edict of Nantes1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship.1
14995760715Coureurs de Bois(runners of the woods) French fur traders, many of mixed Amerindian heritage, who lived among and often married with Amerindian peoples of North America.2
14995760716VoyaguersFrench voyagers that traveled anywhere from Canada to the Midwest3
14995760717King William's War(1689-1697) Small war between French and English that had small battles fought in Northern New England.4
14995760718Queen Anne's WarSecond in a series of conflicts between the European powers for control of North America, fought between the English and French colonists in the North, and the English and Spanish in Florida. Under the peace treaty, the French ceded Acadia (Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay to Britain.5
14995760719War of Jenkin's EarSmall-scale clash between Britain and Spain in the Caribbean and in the buffer colony, Georgia. It merged with the much larger War of Austrian Succession in 1742.6
14995760720King George's WarNorth American theater of Europe's War of Austrian Succession that once again pitted British colonists against their French counterparts in the North. The peace settlement did not involve any territorial realignment, leading to conflict between New England settlers and the British government.7
14995760721AcadiansFrench residents of Nova Scotia, many of whom were uprooted by the British in 1755 and scattered as far south as Louisiana, where their descendants became known as "Cajuns."8
14995760722French and Indian War(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.9
14995760723Seven Year's War(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.10
14995760724Albany CongressIntercolonial congress summoned by the British government to foster greater colonial unity and assure Iroquois support in the escalating war against the French.11
14995760725RegularsA name that referred to British soldiers during the Revolutionary War.12
14995760726Battle of Quebec(1759) British victory over French forces on the outskirts of Quebec. The surrender of Quebec marked the beginning of the end of French rule in North America.13
14995760727Pontiac's RebellionA 1763 conflict between Native Americans and the British over settlement of Indian lands in the Great Lakes area14
14995760728Proclamation of 1763A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.15
14995760729Louis XIVThis French king ruled for the longest time ever in Europe. He issued several economic policies and costly wars. He was the prime example of absolutism in France.16
14995760730Samuel de ChamplainFrench explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)17
14995760731Edward BraddockA British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded.18
14995760732William PittThe Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war.19
14995760733James WolfeEnglish general, led troops up steep cliff to capture Quebec which marked the beginning on the end of the French/Indian War20
14995760734PontiacFamous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769)21

US History EOC Flashcards

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9493905264Gilded Age1870-1890. It was time of big businesses. It was time of political corruption.0
9493905265Laissez-FaireHands off. No government intervention in business.1
9493905266MonopolyA market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.2
9493905267Andrew CarnegieDominated the US steel industry. Made millions with his monopoly in the steel industry. Later in his life he became a philanthropist, and began giving his fortune away to help those less fortunate.3
9493905268John RockefellerCreator of the Standard Oil Company who made a fortune on it and joined with competing companies in trust agreements that in other words made an amazing monopoly.4
9493905269Robber Barona negative term for business leaders that implied they built their fortunes by stealing from the public5
9493905270American Federation of LaborA labor union created by Samuel Gompers that was the ONLY labor union that only accepted skilled workers6
9493905271Homestead Act1862 - provided free land (160 acres) in the west as long as the person would settle there and make improvements in five years7
9493905272Transcontinental RailroadCompleted in 1869 at Promontory, Utah, it linked the eastern railroad system with California's railroad system, revolutionizing transportation in the west8
9493905273Dawes Act1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans9
9493905274Farm IssuesOverproduction of goods led to less money for farmers.10
9493905275Populist PartyLed by farmers and advocated the coinage of silver.11
9493905276William Jennings BryanUnited States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school12
9493905277Nativismthe policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants.13
9493905278Jacob RiisEarly 1900's muckraker who exposed social and political evils in the U.S. with his novel "How The Other Half Lives" exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC14
9493905279Chinese Exclusion Act(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.15
9493905280Social GospelA movement in the late 1800s / early 1900s which emphasized charity and social responsibility as a means of salvation.16
9493905281Jane Addamsthe founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes17
9493905282Theodore Roosevelt26th President of the United States, 26th president, known for: conservationism, trust-busting, Hepburn Act, safe food regulations, "Square Deal," Panama Canal18
9493905283Yellow JournalismJournalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers19
94939052841898Spanish-American War20
9493905285Causes of Spanish American WarYellow journalism, imperialism, Spain brutality to the Cubans, explosion of the USS Maine.21
9493905286Spanish American WarIn 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans' fight for independence22
9493905287Result of Spanish American WarPhilippines, Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the US. US became a World Power23
9493905288Open Door PolicyA policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.24
9493905289ImperialismA policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.25
9493905290Panama CanalThe United States built (finished) the Panama Canal to have a quicker passage to the Pacific from the Atlantic and vice versa.26
9493905291Progressive Eratime at the turn of the 20th century in which groups sought to reform America economically, socially, and politically27
9493905292Sherman Anti-Trust ActFirst United States law to limit trusts and big business. Said that any trust that was purposefully restraining interstate trade was illegal.28
9493905293Progressive PartyAlso known as the "Bull Moose Party," this political party was formed by Theodore Roosevelt in an attempt to advance progressive ideas and unseat President William Howard Taft in the election of 1912.29
9493905294Initiative, Referendum, RecallGave people back a voice in government affairs30
9493905295Upton Sinclairmuckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago. Led to the Pure Food and Drug Act.31
9493905296Pure Food and Drug Actthe act that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs32
9493905297Federal Reserve Acta 1913 law that set up a system of federal banks and gave government the power to control the money supply33
949390529816th AmendmentAmendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income.34
949390529917th AmendmentPassed in 1913, this amendment to the Constitution calls for the direct election of senators by the voters instead of their election by state legislatures.35
949390530018th AmendmentProhibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages36
949390530119th AmendmentAmendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.37
9493905302Plessy vs. FergusonSupreme court case that ruled that separate-but-equal facilities for blacks and whites did not violate the constitution.38
9493905303W.E.B Du Boisbelieved that African Americans should strive for full rights immediatly; founded the NAACP39
94939053041914-1918Date: WWI40
9493905305LusitaniaA British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.41
9493905306Selective Service ActLaw passed by Congress in 1917 that required all men from ages 21 to 30 to register for the military draft42
9493905307Trench WarfareFighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI.43
9493905308General John J. PershingGeneral of the American Expeditionary Force in WWI44
9493905309Battle of Argonne Forest1 million American soldiers fought in the final Allied offensive. Heavy German fire killed more than 100,000 Americans, but in the end, the Allies were victorious.45
9493905310WWI Technologyairplanes, poisonous gas, tanks, machine guns, zeppelins, flamethrowers, barbed wire, submarines46
9493905311Fourteen PointsA series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.47
9493905312Treaty of Versaillesthe treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans48
9493905313League of NationsA world organization established in 1920 to promote international cooperation and peace. It was first proposed in 1918 by President Woodrow Wilson, although the United States never joined the League. Essentially powerless, it was officially dissolved in 1946.49
9493905314Great Migrationmovement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 192050
9493905315Sedition Act1918 law that made it illegal to criticize the government. Went against 1st amendment rights.51
9493905316Women in WWINurses, cooked meals for soldiers, work in factories, made clothes for soldiers, and made hospital supplies52
9493905317IsolationismA national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs53
9493905318Red ScareA period of general fear of communists54
9493905319Social DarwinismCharles Darwin's ideas applied to humans, "survival of the fittest." Used by wealthy to justify their position in life55
9493905320KKKStands for Ku Klux Klan and started right after the Civil War in 1866. Revived in the 1920s56
9493905321Zimmerman TelegramA telegram Germany Sent to Mexico to convince Mexico to attack the U.S.57
9493905322Roaring TwentiesNickname for the 1920s becasue of the booming economy and fast pace of life during that era58
9493905323Henry FordAmerican businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.59
9493905324Assembly LineIn a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product.60
9493905325JazzA style of dance music popular in the 1920s61
9493905326Harlem RenaissanceA period in the 1920s when African-American achievements in art and music and literature flourished62
9493905327Prohibitionthe period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment63
9493905328Flappercarefree young women with short, "bobbed" hair, heavy makeup, and short skirts. The flapper symbolized the new64
9493905425"liberated" woman of the 1920s.65
9493905329Scopes Monkey Trial1925, the trial that pitted the teaching of Darwin's theory of evolution against teaching Bible creationism66
9493905330Charles Lindberghcompleted the first non- stop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean, traveling from New York to Paris67
9493905331Causes of Great DepressionHigher US tariffs, Overproduction of food, buying on margin, market speculation, stock market crash, bank failures68
9493905332HoovervilleDepression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress69
94939053331929Great Depression begins/Stock Market Crash70
9493905334Dust BowlRegion of the Great Plains that experienced a drought in 1930 lasting for a decade, leaving many farmers without work or substantial wages.71
9493905335Teapot DomeScandal during the Harding administration involving the granting of oil-drilling rights on government land in return for money72
9493905336President Warren HardingThis president promised a "return to normalcy" when he was elected. His administration was full of scandal and corruption, including the Teapot Dome scandal.73
9493905337President Hooverthe president who was in office when the depression started. He believed that if the government got involved it would only make the depression worse.74
9493905338Franklin RooseveltPresident who served 4 terms, creator of the New Deal, and led the US during WW2.75
9493905339New DealA plan by President Franklin Roosevelt intended to bring economic relief, recovery, and reforms to the country after the Great Depression.76
9493905340Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)serve as a govt watchdog over the nations stock markets77
9493905341Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)provide govt insurance for bank deposits up to a certain amount78
9493905342Social Security Administration (SSA)A branch of the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services which provides benefits for retirement, survivors. insurance, disability, health insurance, and death.79
9493905343Work Progress Administration (WPA)Massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting80
9493905344Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)A relief, recovery, and reform effort that gave 2.5 million poor citizens jobs and land. It brought cheap electric power, low-cost housing, cheap nitrates, and the restoration of eroded soil.81
9493905345Court PackingWhere FDR tried to add more members to the Supreme Court to pass his programs.82
9493905346Lend Lease ActLaw passed after the fall of Britain during WWII; allowed the U.S. to loan munitions to Allies in WWII; kept U.S. boys at home83
9493905347Pearl Harbor7:50-10:00 AM, December 7, 1941 - Surprise attack by the Japanese on the main U.S. Pacific Fleet harbored in Pearl Harbor84
94939053481939-1945The years of World War II, which began with the German invasion of Poland and ended with the U.S. bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.85
9493905349Victory GardensBackyard gardens; Americans were encouraged to grow their own vegetables to support the war effort86
9493905350War BondsCertificates sold by the United States government to pay for the war.87
9493905351Rosie the Rivitername given to a fictitious woman who served as a patriotoc woman who helped the war effort by working in factories.88
9493905352Executive Order 9066112,000 Japanese-Americans forced into camps causing loss of homes and businesses89
9493905353D-DayJune 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France.90
9493905354Dwight EisenhowerTop Allied commander in Europe supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany. Later 34th president91
9493905355George PattonAllied Commander of the Third Army. Was instrumental in winning the Battle of the Bulge. Considered one of the best military commanders in American history.92
9493905356Tuskegee Airmenall black unit of fighter pilots. trained in Tuskegee Alabama. won many awards for bravery and never lost a single pilot93
9493905357Flying TigersAmerican pilots who volunteered to fight for China94
9493905358Bataan Death MarchJapanese forced about 60,000 of Americans and Filipinos to march 100 miles with little food and water, most died or were killed on the way95
9493905359Battle of Midway1942 World War II battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific96
9493905360Island HoppingA military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others97
9493905361Atomic Bombbomb dropped by an American bomber on Hiroshima and Nagasaki destroying both cities98
9493905362Manhattan Projectcode name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II99
9493905363Hiroshima and Nagasakinuclear attacks during World War II against the Empire of Japan by the United States of America at the order of U.S. President Harry S. Truman100
9493905364Douglas MacArthurarmy commander in Pacific; at Bataan "I shall return" retook Philippines and led rebuilding after WWII101
9493905365Chester A Nimitznavy commander (coral sea, Midway, Solomon Island, Philippine Sea)102
9493905366Navajo Code TalkersNative Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not decipher103
9493905367Harry S. TrumanLed the country through the last few months of World War II, and made the controversial decision to use two atomic bombs against Japan104
9493905368Arms RaceCold war competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to build up their respective armed forces and weapons105
9493905369House Un-American Activities Committee(HUAC) committee formed in the House of Representatives in the 1930s to investigate radical groups in the United States; it later came to focus on the threat of communism in the United States during World War II and the Cold War106
9493905370McCarthyismThe term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.107
9493905371Space Racea competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union108
9493905372SputnikSoviet satellite launched in 1957; starts the Space Race109
9493905373Truman DoctrinePresident Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey110
9493905374Marshall PlanA plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.111
9493905375Berlin AirliftAirlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin.112
9493905376North Atlantic Trade Agreement (NATO)International Organization set up in 1949 to provide for the defense of western European countries and the United States from the perceived Soviet threat113
9493905377Korean War..., The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.114
9493905378ContainmentAmerican policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world115
9493905379Cuban Missile Crisis1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba116
9493905380GI Billlaw passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher education117
9493905381Baby Boom30 million war babies were born between 1942 and 1950.118
9493905382SuburbsAreas of living outside the cities where middle-class families went to live to escape the city119
9493905383Beat GenerationGroup of writers of the 1950s, led by Kerouac, focusing on alienation, conformity, and materialism.120
949390538413th AmendmentAbolished Slavery121
949390538514th AmendmentDeclares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws122
949390538615th AmendmentCitizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude123
9493905387Desegregation of the Armed ForcesPresident Truman called for black and white soldiers to fight side by side in combat. First time was in Korea.124
9493905388Hernandez vs. Texasargued that Pete Hernandez could not get a fair trial because no Mexican Americans were allowed on the jury; supreme court agreed125
9493905389Brown vs. Board of Education1954- court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)126
94939053901964 Civil Rights ActThis act prohibited Discrimination because of race, color, sex, religion, or national origin by employers or labor unions127
949390539124th AmendmentAbolishes poll taxes128
94939053921965 Voting Rights Actended literacy tests and poll taxes; allowed officers to register voters129
9493905393NAACPNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People130
9493905394Thurgood MarshallAmerican civil rights lawyer, first black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States. Marshall was a tireless advocate for the rights of minorities and the poor.131
9493905395Rosa ParksUnited States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement132
9493905396Montgomery Bus BoycottIn 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a city bus, Dr. Martin L. King led a boycott of city busses. After 11 months the Supreme Court ruled that segregation of public transportation was illegal.133
9493905397Martin Luther King, Jr.1929-1968. Pivotal leader of the American Civil Rights movement. Non-violent leader, became youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 for his efforts to end segregation and racial discrimination. Led Montgomery Bus Boycott, helped found Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and led March on Washington in 1963 where he delivered "I have a Dream" speech.134
9493905398Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)1957 group founded by Martin Luther King Jr. to fight against segregation using nonviolent means135
9493905399Orval FaubusArkansas governor who called out the National Guard to prevent nine black students from entering Little Rock's Central High School under federal court order.136
9493905400George WallaceRacist gov. of Alabama in 1962 ("segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever"); runs for pres. In 1968 on American Independent Party ticket of racism and law and order, loses to Nixon; runs in 1972 but gets shot137
9493905401Malcolm XBlack Muslim leader who said Blacks needed to have separate society from whites, but later changed his views. He was assassinated in 1965.138
9493905402Black PanthersA black political organization that was against peaceful protest and for violence if needed. The organization marked a shift in policy of the black movement, favoring militant ideals rather than peaceful protest.139
9493905403Assassination of MLKApril 4, 1968 - MLK shot by James Earl Ray on hotel balcony in Memphis -- rocked nonviolent campaign, resulted in violent riots140
9493905404League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)Fought to desegregated schools, public facilities, and housing in Southern California and the Southwest; fought for Hispanic rights141
9493905405Cesar Chavez1927-1993. Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers.142
9493905406Dolores Huertataught farmworkers how to become citizens and how to vote; earned more money to buy food and clothing for them; worked with Cesar Chavez to form the National Farm Workers Association143
9493905407Chicano Mural MovementBegan in the 1960s in Mexican-American barrios throughout the Southwest. Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture.144
9493905408Betty Friedan1921-2006. American feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique"145
9493905409National Organization for Women (NOW)Founded in 1966, the National Organization for Women (NOW) called for equal employment opportunity and equal pay for women.146
9493905410American Indian Movement (AIM)led by Dennis Banks and Russell Means; purpose was to obtain equal rights for Native Americans; protested at the site of the Wounded Knee massacre147
9493905411Great SocietyPresident Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.148
9493905412Affirmative ActionA policy in educational admissions or job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination.149
9493905413Title IX-Provision of the Educational Amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions recieving federal funds from disciminating against female student150
9493905414Tinker vs. Des MoinesSupreme Court case that stated that students do not lose their freedom of speech rights in high school. Mary Beth tinker wore black arm bands to protest the Vietnam War.151
9493905415Wisconsin vs. YoderCourt decided that Amish families are required to send their kids to school.152
9493905416Domino TheoryA theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.153
9493905417Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionThe resolution passed by Congress in 1964 giving President Lyndon Johnson board powers to expand the U.S. role in Vietnam.154
9493905418Tet Offensive1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment155
9493905419Fall of SaigonMarked the end of the Vietnam War in April, 1975 when North Vietnamese invaded South Vietnam, forcing all Americans left to flee in disarray as the capitol was taken156
949390542026th AmendmentLowered the voting age from 21 to 18157
94939054211969 Moon LandingNeil Armstrong was the first man on the moon.158
9493905422DetenteA policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the United States during the presidency of Richard Nixon.159
9493905423Cold WarA conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years.160
9493905424Ronald Reagan1980 and 1984; Republican; reduce reliance on government; Reagonomics: supply-side, laissez-faire, send troops to Grenada, escalated the Cold War: "rollback" of communism, Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); War on Drugs, Iran-Contra affair, second term-ended cold war (tear down this wall" (Berlin Wall))161
9494930294George H. Bush1989-1993. Republican president His administration ended the Cold War. He ordered military operation in Persian Gulf. He signed the Americans with Disabilities Act162
9494989708Bill Clinton1993-2001. Democrat president. He attempted to reform health care. There was peace and prosperity in the USA. The budget was a surplus and crime was declining. he was the second president to be impeached.163
9495044057North American Free Trade AgreementIt eliminates trade barriers between Mexico, Canada, and USA.164
9495093951George W. Bush2001-2009 Republican president. The Financial crisis in 2008. 2000 was unique in Florida (they recounted the votes between Al Gore and Bush) World Trade Terrorist Attack and Hurricane Katrina165
9495123608Hurricane KatrinaOn August 29, 2005, it was a natural disaster that affected Morgan City, Louisiana, Biloxi, and Alabama166
9495176648No Child Left BehindIt was a law that took place in 2002 by George W. Bush. It had an affect the US public school classroom. It affected what students were taught, the test they took, and the teacher training167
9495235915US Patriot Actis to deter and punish terrorist acts in the United States.168
9495326303Emergency Economic Stabilization Actsigned by George W. Bush. It gave billions of dollars to prevent banks and businesses from failing.169
9495338579Barack Obama2009-2017 Democratic president. He implemented the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Gave economic stimulus). He was the first African American president 2008, Affordable Care Act.170

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