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AP US History: Chapter 40 Flashcards

FINAL CHAPTER YEEEEEEEEEEE

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13482824229New Rightmovement driven by much Christian/conservative influence, response to protests of 1960s0
13482824230Moral Majorityevangelical Christian group spearheading New Right1
13482824231neoconservativesincluded Norman Podhoretz (Commentary) and Irving Kristol (The Public Interest), championed free markets and were anti Soviet, with other conservative values2
13482824232ABC movementAnybody But Carter, movement splitting Democratic party3
13482824233Iranian hostage releasewas on Reagan's inauguration, Jan 20 19814
13482824234Prop. 13tax revolt in California for property tax slashes and gov services cuts5
13482824235welfare stateideology where welfare is a large part of US policy6
13482824236boll weevilsabandoned Demos to support Reagan, mostly southern7
13482824237recession of 1982unemployment at 11%, several banks failed, car industry slumped8
13482824238supply-side economicsthought that budgetary discipline and tax reduction would stimulate new investment, productivity, and reduce deficit9
13482824239yuppiesyoung, urban professional; stereotypical materialists10
13482824240Star Wards/SDIStrategic Defense Initiative, orbiting stations in space designed to vaporize intercontinental missiles11
13482824241arms raceReagan wanted to force Russia's hand in the astro front12
13482824242Cold Wargot pretty hot in 1981 with Solidarity movement13
13482824243SolidarityPolish people forming massive union, and its govt forced martial law14
13482824244Olympic boycottUSSR and other Soviets boycotted 1984 Olym. in LA15
13482824245West BankIsrael allowed more and more countries to form here16
13482824246Israel and LebanonIsrael invaded Lebanon in June 1982 to suppress Palestinian bases17
13482824247Teflon presidentWhen Reagan made bold political decisions with no political damage18
13482824248Sandinistasrevolutionaries of Nicaragua19
13482824249contra rebelsrebels opposing anti-US govt of Nic.20
13482824250Geraldine Ferrarofirst woman to appear on major-party pres. ticket21
13482824251Mikhail Gorbachevnew ldr of Communist party in 1985, committed to radical reform in USSR22
13482824252glasnostintroduced free speech/political liberty ('openness')23
13482824253perestroikaadopted free market practices of the West ('restructuring')24
13482824254INF TreatyUSSR agreed to not fire intermediate range nuclear forces on West EU25
13482824255Iran-contra affairscandal including arms sales to the Middle East in order to send money to help the Contras in Nicaragua even though Congress had objected26
13482824256Reaganomicsthe belief that a combination of monetarism, lower federal spending, and supply-side economics will stimulate the economy; added 2 tril in debt to US27
13482824257Jerry Falwellevangelist from VA, founded Moral Majority28
13482824258Moral Majorityagainst gay rights, abortion, feminism, sexual permissiveness; used radio and TV to reach huge audiences and make money29
13482824259identity politicsthe practice of organizing on the basis of sex, ethnic or racial identity, or sexual orientation to compete for public resources and influence public policy30
13482824260Sandra Day O' Connorfirst woman SC justice; Sep 25 198131
13482824261affirmative actionmade easier for whites to plead reverse discrim in workplaces in Packing v. Antonia32
13482824262Roe v. Wadeprohibited states from making laws interfering with abortion rights33
13482824263Planned Parenthood v. Casey(court case) states could restrict access to abortion as long as undue burden was not placed on woman34
13482824264Black MondayOct 19, 1987, leading index plunged 508 points35
13482824265Seven DwarfsDemos riding on eco. anxiety, included Gary Hart36
13482824266George H.W. Bushwon election against Dukakis; born rich, educated at Yale, held many offices beforehand, like ambassador to UN/chief of CIA37
13482824267Tiananmen Squareprodemocratic movement squashed by Chinese military38
13482824268Berlin Walltore down in Dec 1989, led to fall of USSR/union of Germany39
13482824269CISCommonwealth of Independent States, loose confederation of Communist states40
13482824270Yugoslaviaracked by ethnic cleansing campaigns41
13482824271ethnic cleansingin Yugoslavia, mass murder of minorities42
13482824272Nelson Mandelafreed in 1990, served 27 yrs for attempting African govt overthrow, elected pres in 199443
13482824273Saddam Husseinruler of Iraq, sent armies on Aug 2 1990 to overrun Kuwait for oil and rule of Persian Gulf44
13482824274Operation Desert Storm4 days, on feb 23 1991, UN forces penetrated deep into Kuwait, light allied casualties, ended in cease fire by Saddam45
13482824275Americans with Disabilities Actprohibited disc against people with physical or mental disablities46
13482824276Clarence Thomasnominated for SC, critic of affirmative action, opposed by NAACP and NOW, although hearings over sexual misconduct took place, still took seat47
13482824277Anita Hillaccused Thomas of sexual harassment, led to hearings on nomination48
13482824278read my lipsBush said in 1988 campaign that no new taxes were to be put into place, promise was broken49
13482824279Charles and Mary Beardprogressive historians that said Conservatives were bent on riches to keep Gov impotent, doomed to give way to liberals50
13482824280Huey Longreligious fundamentalist, depression-era figure shed light on values of American culture51
13482824281Charles Coughlindepression-era figure, religious fundamentalist, shed light on values of American culture52
13482824282Sugrue and Edsallshowed that econ stagnation after 1970 made americans insecure about futures53
13482824283George Willmodern conservative; stressed deep historical conservatism54
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AP US History Chapter 7 Flashcards

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15502730742Judiciary Act of 1789Legislation passed by Congress that created the federal court system, each state would have 3 circuit courts and one federal court0
15502730743Bill of RightsA safeguard of personal rights: freedom of speech and religion,mandate legal procedures (trial by jury)1
15502730744Report on the Public CreditHamilton asked congress to redeem 55 million in confederation securities held by foreign and domestic inventors2
15502730745Bank of the United StatesChartered by Hamilton, would be owned by private stockholders and national government3
15502730746Report on ManufacturersUrged the expansion of American manufacturing (Hamilton did not support High Tariffs that would exclude other foreign products)4
15502730747Proclamation of Neutralityallowing US citizens to trade with all belligerents5
15502730748French Revolutionabolished feudalism and established a constitutional monarchy6
15502730749Jacobinsmembers of a revolutionary political club made during the French Revolution7
15502730750Whiskey Revolutiona protest to Hamilton's tax on spirits, tax had cut demand for the corn whiskey the farmers distilled and bartered for eastern manufacturers8
15502730751Jays Treatytreaty between the united states and the Britain, negotiated by John Jay,accepted Britain's right to stop neutral ships but allowed American citizens to submit claims for illegal seizures and required British to remove their troops for Indian agents from the Northwest Territory9
15502730752Haitian Revolutionconflict involving diverse Haitian participants and armies from three European Countries10
15502730753XYZ AffairFrench foreign minister talleyrand solicited a loan and bribe from from American diplomats to stop the seizures, Adams charged Talleyrands agents he dubbed at X Y and Z, had insulted Americas honor11
15502730754Naturalization ActLengthened residency requirement or American citizenship from 5 to 14 years12
15502730755Alien ActAuthorized deportation of foreigners13
15502730756Sedition Actprohibited the publication of insults or malicious attacks on the president or member of congress14
15502730757Virginia and Kentucky Resolutionsset for the states rights interpretation of the constitution, asserting that states had a "right to judge the legitimacy of national laws15
15502730758Treaty of GreenvilleAmerican negotiators acknowledged the Indian ownership of land and in return of various payments the Western Confederacy ceded most of Ohio16
15502730759Marbury vs Madison (1803)Marbury asserted that Madison had the right to appointment but that the court did not have the constitutional power to enforce it.17
15502730760Louisiana Purchase1803 purchase of French territory west of the Mississippi river that stretched from the golf of Mexico to Canada18
15502730761The Embargo Actprohibited American ships from leaving their home ports until France and Britain stopped restricting US trade19
15502730762Battle of TippecanoeAttack on Shawnee Indians at Prophetstown on the Tippecanoe River in 1811 by American forces headed by William Henry Harrison, Indianas Territorial governor20
15502730763Treaty of Ghentretained the prewar borders of the US, signed on Christmas Eve21
15502730764McCulloch v Maryland (1819)Second Bank of America allowed the bank to set up state branches that competed with state chartered banks22
15502730765Adams-Onis treatypersuaded Spain to cede the Florida territory to the US23
15502730766Monroe Doctrinepledged that the US wouldn't interfere in the international concerns of European Nations24
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AP Stat Test #2 Flashcards

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7648473384HistogramsGood for displaying large quantities of data; Provide view of the data density. Given a histogram, you can sketch the corresponding box plot; but given a box plot, you can't sketch the corresponding histogram.0
7648477387Standard Frequency HistogramsBetter at showing distribution1
7648479759Cumulative Frequency HistogramsBetter at showing percentile; shows the cumulative or total frequency achieve by each bin, rather than the frequency of that particular bin.2
7648486778Relative FrequencyTerm for percent or proportion. Tells us how large a number is relative to the total. You can make regular/cumulative relative frequency histograms.3
7648495877Left/Right Endpoint InclusiveWhen the data is inclusive of one side of the bin (0-9) v. (1-10)4
7648514496Box and Whiskers PlotSummarizes a data set using five summary statistics while also plotting outliers. The whiskers attempt to capture all of the data remaining outside the box plot, except outliers.5
7648521765Five Number SummaryMinimum, Maximum, and the three quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3)6
7648527134Q1Represents the first quartile, which is the 25th percentile, and is the median of the smaller half of the data7
7648531936Q2Represents the second quartile. Equivalent to the 50th percentile (median)8
7648536973Q3Represents the third quartile, or 75th percentile, also is the median of the larger half of the data set9
7648540853IQR OutliersUpper Bound: 1.5 * IQR above Q3 Lower Bound: 1.5 * IQR below Q110
7648546688Dot PlotsSimple graph for numerical data, uses data to show the frequency (number of occurrences) of the values in a data set. Shows the distribution (frequency of corresponding values). Kind of like a histogram.11
7648559673Split Stem and LeafLike a regular stem and leaf, but used when there are too many numbers on one row, or there are only a few stems. Split each row into two halves, with the leaves from 0-4 on the first half, and the leaves from 5-9 on the second half12
7648572129Stem and LeafEach number is broken up into two parts. Stem: first part, and consists of the beginning digits Leaf: second part and consists of the final digits. seen as more detailed because every value is given13
7648578394Scatter PlotsProvides a case by case view of data that illustrates the relationship between two numerical variables. Paired Data14
7648584612Paired DataWhen the two observations correspond to each other. Scatterplots.15
7648591724Standard DeviationAverage distance that observations fall from the mean. Easier to interpret because it has the same units as the data set. Associated with the mean. Remember: Range doesn't equal spread.16
7648612045Properties of the Standard DeviationAdding by a constant does not affect the SD. Multiplying by a constant does affect the SD SD can't be negative (because of the square in the equation) SD can equal zero (when all the data is on one point)17
7648632555How to Calculate SD by Hand1. Find the deviations from the mean for each X values (deviations from the average, will always add up to 0). 2. Square each of those deviations. 3. Add those numbers up (gives you a single number) 4. Divide by (n-1) --> This gives you the variance 5. Square root the variance to get the SD18
7648652577SD Equation19
7648656291Empirical Rule~68% of the data will be within one SD of the mean ~95% of the data will be within two SDs of the mean ~99.7 of the data will be within three SDs of the mean Rule of thumb: Outliers are more than 2 SDs above/below the mean.20
7648667703Interquartile Region (Definition + Equation)Tells us the spread of the middle 50% of the data. Associated with median IQR = Q3 - Q121
7648676968Z- Scores (Definition + Equation)Tells us how many SD's is a point from the mean. If we add all the Z scores up they equal to 0. Z-Scores = Standard Units (No units) Z = (x - xbar)/sd22
7648689894Mean (Definition + Equation)Common way to measure the center of a distribution of data. Average. Mean: Xbar = 1/n * Sigma * Xi (add all the values up, and divide by the number of numbers)23
7648701465X BarSample mean24
7648701466Mu (μ)Population mean25
7648706957Sigma (Σ)Sum26
7648708587Properties of the MeanSensitive to outliers. Adding by a constant affects the mean (shifts the values) Multiplying by a constant affects the mean (stretches or contracts the values) The mean follows the tail: - right skewed: mean > median. - left skewed: mean < median - symmetric distribution: mean = median (approx)27
7648725162Median (Definition + Equation + Properties)The number in the middle. In an ordered data set, the median is the observation right in the middle. If even: median is the average of the n/2 and n/2+1 values If odd: median is the (n+1)/2 value Outliers have a smaller effect on the median (robust)28
7648744373Mean v. Median in GraphsRight skewed: mean > median. Left skewed: mean < median Symmetric distribution: mean = median (approx)29
7648748295Distributionrefers to the values that a variable takes and the frequency of those values30
7648751799ModalityWhere are the peaks. Unimodal, Bimodal, Multimodal, Uniform31
7648754467Shape (Skew)How the graph looks Left, Right, Symmetric32
7648757723Measures of CenterMean/ Median33
7648757724Measures of SpreadSD/ IQR34
7648760222When Comparing DistributionsCompare with respect to center, spread, and shape. Include any unusual observations (outliers) Use the CONTEXT of the question35
7648767854OutliersObservations that appears extreme relative to the rest of the data. Helpful for: - identifying asymmetry in the distribution - identifying data collection or entry errors. - providing insight into interesting properties of the data.36
7648782059Comparing Distribution v. Looking at AssociationDistribution: compare center, spread, shape. to compare distribution visually, we use two single variable graphs (histograms, dot plots, box plots, back to back stem and leaf) Association: We look for a positive, negative, or no relationship between the variables. To see the association visually, we require a scatter plot37
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AP World History Midterm Dates Flashcards

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11995881792Peloponnesian War Ends404 BCE0
11995885671Punic Wars End146 BCE1
11995892039Julius Caesar Assassinated44 BCE2
11995897118Death of Jesus Christ30-36 CE3
11995899413Edict of Milan313 CE4
11995903363Fall of Rome476 CE5
11995905534Death of Muhammad632 CE6
11995907884Islamic Conquest of Spain711 CE7
11995907885Battle of Tours732 CE8
11995916706Coronation of Charlemagne800 CE9
11995919389First Crusade1095 CE10
11995923358Sack of Baghdad1258 CE11
11995926646Plague Hits Europe1347 CE12
11995929877Fall of Constantinople1453 CE13
11995933260Gutenberg's Bible1454-1455 CE14
11995936243Reconquista Completed1492 CE15
11995942191Martin Luther's 95 Theses1517 CE16
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