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AP Vocabulary Flashcards

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14680436551Colloquial(col-o-kwee-ul) -adj-conversational, used in informal speech; idiomatic0
14680447599colloquialism -n-slang1
14680449684corroborate -v- corroboration-n corroborative-adjto support w/ evidence; to strengthen, confirm, or substantiate (in terms of an argument or testimony)2
14680472363tryst(trist) -n-a secret meeting of lovers; a rendezvous3
14688542475laconic -adj-unwilling or unlikely to talk or communicate; silent ; brief in speech, using very few words4
14688551061extol -v-to praise highly ; to exalt or admire5
14688556050faction -n-a group, or part of a large group, united on one issue6
14696109346abdicate -v- abdication -nto relinquish (a high office, power or responsibility) formally, as in a king stepping down; to resign7
14696111312imp -n- impish -adja mischievous child; a small demon8
14696115236absolve -v- absolution -nto pronounce clear of guilt or blame; to relieve of a requirement/obligation; to pardon or remit (a sin)9
14715005706nepotism -n-showing a bias or partiality to friends/family, esp. in regards to politicians granting jobs, contracts, or favors10
14715040393tony -adj-marked by an elegant or exclusive manner or quality fashionable, trendy, aristocratic11
14715054694impugn (im-Pune) -v-to attack as a false or questionable; to challenge in argument (as in a person's testimony or reputation)12
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AP WORLD HISTORY UNIT 2 Flashcards

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14897162647RenaissanceCultural and political movement in western europe; began in italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages.0
14897166194Francesco Petrarch(1304-1374) One of the major literary figures of the Western renaissance; an italian author and humanist."1
14897170582Castile and Aragonregional kingdoms of the iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and ultimately united under the Spanish monarchy2
14897176398VivaldisTwo genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "indies"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust into south-3
14897182690Vasco de GamaPortuguese captain who sailed for india in 1497; established early Portuguese domi-nance in indian Ocean.4
14897187405Henry the NavigatorPortuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western5
14897192326Christopher ColumbusHe mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India.6
14897195630Chinghis Khanoriginally named Temujin. greatly feared. the first person to unify the Mongols and divided the army. "Great King" born 11677
14897198890khanatesFour regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan.8
14897198891Golden HordeOne of the four subdivisions of the Mongol empire after Chinggis Khan's death, originally ruled by his grandson Batu; territory covered much of what is today south central russia.9
14897207720Kubilai Khangrandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 12710
14897207721Yuan DynastyDynasty in China set up by the Mongols under the leadership of Kublai Khan, replaced the Song (1279-1368)11
14897211673Marco Polo(1254-1324) Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.12
14897215146White Lotus SocietySecret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty in China; typical of peasant resistance to Mongol rule.13
14897228914astrolobeAn instrument that helps sailors navigate using the position of the stars14
14897215147Ming DynastySucceeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.15
14897218439Lateen sailsA lateen or latin-rig is a triangular sail , the lateen became the favorite sail of the Age of Discovery, mainly because it allows a boat to tack "against the wind."16
14897218440monsoon windsseasonal wind in India, the winter monsoon brings hot, dry weather and the summer monsoon brings rain17
14897222092dhowsLarge ships favored by Indian, Persian, and Arab sailors that could carry up to four hundred tons of cargo. Had lateen sails.18
14897225228Zheng HeChinese admiral during the Ming Dynasty, he led great voyages that spread China's fame throughout Asia19
14897232521MaoriPolynesian people who settled in New Zealand20
14897225229compassan instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.21
14897228915PolynesiaIslands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island//one of three regions in Oceania, meaning "many islands"22
14897232522Indian ocean tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.23
14897371213GuildsAssociation of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests24
14897366135Hanseatic LeagueAn organization of cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance.25
14897366136capitalismEconomic system based on profit-seeking, private ownership, and investment26
14911842947MaghribThe Arabic word for western north Africa27
14911847863Trans-Saharan Trade RoutesOn the edge of the desert, where several resource zones came together, African states such as Ghana had already formed by the 8th century by exchanging gold from the forests of west Africa for salt or dates from the Sahara or for goods from Mediterranean north Africa.28
14911850989Caravansgroups of traveling merchants29
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AP US History: Chapter 7 Flashcards

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11310719409Judiciary Act of 1789passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system including the Supreme Court0
11310719410Bill of RightsFirst ten amendments to the Constitution; major source of civil liberties; promised to Anti-Federalists to secure ratification of Constitution1
11310719411First Amendment5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition2
11310719412Alexander HamiltonFirst Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.3
11310719413Report on the Public CreditFirst Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton's proposal of the funding of the national debt at face value, federal assumption of state debts, and the establishment of a national bank.4
11310719414Strict interpretationwhatever is not mentioned specifically in the Constitution cannot be done5
11310719415Loose interpretationGovernment can do anything not expressly forbidden by the Constitution.6
11310719416Whiskey RebellionA protest (western PA) caused by tax on liquor; 1st test of the new federal govt's power; Washington's quick response showed the government's strength (led an army to put down the rebellion)7
11310719417Citizen GenetFrench minister to the US, broke rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to Americans8
11310719418impressmentBritish practice of taking American sailors and forcing them into military service9
11310719419Treaty of GreenvilleGave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Added size and very fertile land to America. Decline of Native Americans10
11310719420Jay's TreatyTreaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory11
11310719421Pinckney's TreatyTreaty with Spain; Gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi and trade at New Orleans12
11310719422RepublicanismA philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed.13
11310719423Washington's Farewell Addresswarned of entangling foreign alliances and political parties14
11310719424Election of 1796The person with the most electoral votes, John Adams, became President and the person with the second most electoral votes, Thomas Jefferson, became Vice President. A problem from this situation was that Adams and Jefferson belonged to different political parties, so political tensions were strong in the Executive Branch.15
11310719425XYZ AffairAn insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.16
11310719426Quasi-WarTerm widely used to describe French and American naval conflicts between 1798 to 1800. Neither nation declared war, although they carried out naval operations against each other17
11310719427Alien and Sedition ActsA series of laws that sought to restrict the activities of people who opposed Federalist policies (1798)18
11310719428Virginia ResolutionsSuggested by James Madison, opposing the Alien and Sedition Acts; stated states had the right to nullify unconstitutional acts or even secede if the federal government acted unconstitutionally19
11310719429Kentucky ResolutionsThese stated that a state had the right to declare a law unconstiutional, or nullify a law, within its borders. Written by Jefferson to resist the Alien and Sedition Acts20
11310719430nullificationA state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional21
11310719431Election of 1800Jefferson and Burr each received 73 votes in the Electoral College, so the House of Representatives had to decide the outcome. The House chose Jefferson as President and Burr as Vice President.22
11310719432Republican MotherhoodExpectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women23
11310719433Handsome Lakea Seneca (a member of the largest tribe, Iroquois); he called for a rebirth of the Seneca culture that would blend Native American customs with those of the white Americans24
11310719434Benjamin BannekerAfrican-American scientist who taught himself calculus and trigonometry. He also helped design the capitol in Washington D.C.25
11310719435Richard AllenAn African American preacher who helped start the free African society and the African Methodist Episcopal church26
11310719436Absalom JonesBorn a slave in 1746. An abolitionist who, with Richard Allen, helped found the first African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1816.27
11310719437African Methodist Episcopal Churchfirst independent black-run Protestant church in the United States. Was active in the promotion of abolition and the founding of educational institutions for free blacks.28
11310719438Gabriel's Rebelliona Rebellion in Richmond Virginia. Rebellion got betrayed and all participants were hung. Led to stricter slave laws29
11310719439cotton ginInvented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from cotton fibers. Now cotton could be processed quickly and cheaply. Results: more cotton is grown and more slaves are needed for more acres of cotton fields30
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AP US History: Chapter 24 Flashcards

ch. 24 The Enduring Vision

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11310547131Herbert HooverPresident elected in 1928; believed in private initiative and viewed unemployment as a local issue0
11310547132Reconstruction Finance Corporationmade loans to banks and other lending institutions to get money into the economy; Hoover initiative in Jan. 19321
11310547133Bonus ArmyWorld War 1 veterans who marched on Washington DC lobbying for their financial bonus2
11310547134Franklin RooseveltDemocratic candidate in 1932; promised the American people a "new deal"; a pragmatist3
11310547135Frances PerkinsSec. of Labor; first female cabinet member4
11310547136banking crisismost pressing issue facing FDR after election; declared a "bank holiday" to restore confidence in American banking5
11310547137Federal Deposit Insurance Corporationinsure bank deposits up to $5,000; goal - restore Americans trust in banking institution6
11310547138Civilian Conservation Corpsemployed jobless young men in environmental projects such as reforestation, park maintenance, and soil erosion7
11310547139Federal Emergency Relief ActFederal funds for state and local relief agencies; headed by Harry Hopkins8
11310547140Agricultural Adjustment AdministrationGovt. subsidies to farmers to reduce production; attempt to drive up farm prices; eventually declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court9
11310547141Public Works Administrationpublic works projects to provide jobs and stimulate the economy10
11310547142National Recovery Administrationdrafted codes of "fair competition"; set production limits, prescribed wages and working conditions; later declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court11
11310547143Securities and Exchange Commissionfederal agency created to regulate the stock market12
11310547144Tennessee Valley Authorityhydroelectric plan on the Tennessee River; controlled flooding and soil erosion; provided affordable electricity to the region13
11310547145Dust Bowldrought and dust storms in the Great Plains; "Okies" moved west to California in search of jobs14
11310547146American Liberty Leaguecriticized FDR and the New Deal as socialism15
11310547147Hundred DaysMarch-June 1933 when FDR administration passed legislation to address economic crisis16
11310547148"fireside chats"Franklin Roosevelt's use of the radio to reach the American people to promote his New Deal programs17
11310547149Charles Coughlinradio priest who attacked FDR's New Deal programs; called for nationalization of the banks18
11310547150Francis Townsendretired physician who proposed an idea of government pay to all retired citizens, requiring them to spend the money within 30 days; goal was to stimulate the economy; idea was revised by FDR for the Social Security Act19
11310547151Huey LongLouisiana politician who promoted a "Share Our Wealth" plan; 100% tax on income over $1 million and then money redistributed; political threat to FDR20
11310547152Works Progress Administrationemployed 8 million Americans to build bridges, roads, post offices, and other public facilities21
11310547153Federal Writers' Projectemployed jobless writers to produce guide books and histories; "slave narratives"22
11310547154John Maynard KeynesBritish economist; govt should use deficit spending during depression to fund public works programs to stimulate recovery23
11310547155Rural Electrification Administrationlow-interest loans to utility companies to extend electricity to rural America24
11310547156National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)guaranteed collective-bargaining rights, permitted closed shops (employees must join union); outlawed blacklisting by management; led to growth of unions25
11310547157Social Security Actfederal-state program to provide workers' pensions, unemployment insurance, and other welfare benefits26
11310547158Fair Labor Standards Actbanned child labor and set a national minimum wage27
11310547159new Democratic coalition (1936-1960s)included labor unions, blue-collar workers, minorities (racial and ethnic), farmers, White South, urban white ethnic voters28
11310547160Mary McLeod Bethunefriend of Eleanor Roosevelt; director of minority affairs; FDR's "black cabinet" (linked FDR's adm. to black organizations)29
11310547161Marian AndersonAfrican American opera singer; Easter concert at Lincoln Memorial; symbolic significance30
11310547162Molly Dewsonhead of Democratic party's women's division; courted female voters31
11310547163"court-packing"FDR's plan to appoint additional justices to Supreme Court; goal - protect New Deal programs with pro-New Deal justices; failed to pass32
11310547164Farm Security Administrationlow-interest loans to help tenant farmers and sharecroppers become farm owners33
11310547165John L. Lewisleader of United Mine Workers; one of founders of Committee for Industrial Organization; promoted union growth; All workers (regardless of race, gender or skill level)34
11310547166Walter ReutherUnion leader; organized a sit-down strike at General Motors; growth of the United Automobile Workers union35
11310547167Scottsboro Boys9 black teenagers falsely accused of rape; national attention to racism and right to a fair trial36
11310547168John Collierreformer who attempted to protect Native American land rights; revitalize traditional Indian life37
11310547169Frank CapraAmerican film director; themes of patriotism, pro-democracy, critic of political corruption; "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington"38
11310547170John Steinbecknovel "The Grapes of Wrath"; stressed ordinary Americans' endurance and mutual support39
11310547171Aaron CoplandAmerican composer; celebration of American folk melodies; "Appalachian Spring"40
11310547172Benny GoodmanAmerican jazz musician; the clarinet; the King of Swing41
11310547173Zora Neale Hurston"Their Eyes Were Watching God" - African American woman's search for fulfillment42
11310547174William FaulknerAmerican short story writer; many of his writings are set in Mississippi43
11310547175Gone with the WindMargaret Mitchell's novel of 1936; film released in 1939; White Southern nostalgia44
11310547176War of the WorldsOrson Welles radio broadcast in 1938; fictional landing of aliens in New Jersey; terrified listeners and led to a brief panic45
11310547177Eleanor Rooseveltactivist First Lady; supported African American civil rights; held press conferences for female journalists (thereby supporting women in journalism careers)46
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AP World History Islam Flashcards

Islam

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15617885078Bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats0
15617885079MeccaArabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam1
15617885080Medinatown northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar2
15617885081Umayyadclan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty3
15617885082Muhammad(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh4
15617885083Qur'anthe word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam5
15617885084Ummacommunity of the faithful within Islam6
15617885085Five Pillarsthe obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)7
15617885086Caliphthe successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community8
15617885087Alicousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism9
15617885088Abu Bakrsucceeded Muhammad as the first caliph10
15617885089JihadIslamic holy war11
15617885090Sunnisfollowers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads12
15617885091Shi'afollowers of Ali's interpretation of Islam13
15617885092Abbasidsdynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad14
15617885093Hadiths"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam15
15617885094DhowsArab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants16
15617885095Seljuk Turksnomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids17
15617885096Crusadesinvasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 129118
15617885097UlamaIslamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking19
15617885098SufisIslamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions20
15617885099Mongolscentral Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph21
15617885100Chinggis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms22
15617885101MamluksRulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves23
15617885102Arabic numeralsIndian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West24
15617885103Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhismemphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia25
15617885104Muhammad's primary historical achievementspread of Islam26
15617885109Silk Road Trade system27
15617885105Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place28
15617885106Diasporic communitiesmerchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas29
15617885107Trans Saharan tradeDominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..30
15617885108Effect of Muslim conquestscollapse of other empires, mass conversion31
15617885110Indian Ocean Maritime Trade32
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