Flashcards
Flashcards
B12 Pharm Contraceptives Flashcards
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| 8155592007 | What's the MOA of *progestins* as contraceptives? | 1. *Thicken cervical mucus* 2. Endometrial atrophy 3. Block LH surge (inhibit ovulation) | 0 | |
| 8155592008 | What'a really effective way to *suppress ovulation*? | IM Medroxyprogesterone | 1 | |
| 8155592009 | What are the *progestin* drugs, again? | Norethinrone + ones with *-gest* | 2 | |
| 8155592010 | What's the MOA of *estrogens* as contraceptives? | Suppression of FSH release form pituitary (assists in preventing LH surge & ovulation) | 3 | |
| 8155592011 | *Ethinyl estradiol* is a(n) _____________. | Synthetic estrogen | 4 | |
| 8155592012 | *Mestranol * is a(n) _____________. | Synthetic estrogen | 5 | |
| 8155592013 | *Estradiol valerate* is a(n) _____________. | Synthetic estrogen | 6 | |
| 8155592014 | *Norethindrone* is a(n) _____________. | Progestin | 7 | |
| 8155592015 | *Norgestrel* is a(n) _____________. | Progestin | 8 | |
| 8155592016 | *Levonorgestrel * is a(n) _____________. | Progestin | 9 | |
| 8155592017 | *Drospirenone * is a(n) _____________. | Progestin (Mineralocorticoid blocker, like spironolactone) | 10 | |
| 8155592018 | *Norelgestromin* is a(n) _____________. | Progestin | 11 | |
| 8155592019 | *Etonogestrel* is a(n) _____________. | Progestin | 12 | |
| 8155592020 | What *progestin* is given as an *IM injection*? | Medroxyprogesterone | 13 | |
| 8155592021 | What *progestin* is a *testosterone derivative*? | Norethindrone (*Drone* for testoster*one*) | 14 | |
| 8155592022 | Which *progestin* is given as an *implant*? | Norgestrel | 15 | |
| 8155592023 | What *progestin* is given as an *IUD*? | Levonorgestrel (*Levo-*tates within the uterus) | 16 | |
| 8155592024 | What *progestin* is given as a *patch*? | Norelgestromin (Stroma is like skin, patch goes on the skin) | 17 | |
| 8155592025 | What *progestin* is given as a *vaginal ring* OR as an *implant*? | Etonogestrel (Et tu... globe theatre... circle... ring... yea) | 18 | |
| 8155592026 | Which ones lasts longer— *Medroxyprogesterone or Etonogestrel*? | Etonogestrel. It lasts 3 years. Medroxyprogesterone lasts 3 mos. | 19 | |
| 8155592027 | How is *norethindrone* given? | Orally | 20 | |
| 8155592028 | A BC pill has a *fixed amount* of estrogen and progestin taken for 21 days. What kind of regimen in this? | Monophasic | 21 | |
| 8155592029 | A BC pill has a *2-3 different pills with varying amount* of estrogen and progestin taken for 21 days. What kind of regimen in this? | Biphasic or triphasic | 22 | |
| 8155592030 | What dose usually gets changed in a *biphasic or triphasic* combined oral contraceptive? | Progestin gets increased. Estrogen stays the same. | 23 | |
| 8155592031 | Who isn't allowed to take *combined oral contraceptives*? | Women > 35 who smoke ≥ 15 cigs/day | 24 | |
| 8155592032 | What can a *Woman older than 35* that *smokes 16 cigs/day* take for oral contraception? | Progestin only preparations | 25 | |
| 8155592033 | What's the *CV side effect* of oral contraceptives? | Thromboembolism | 26 | |
| 8155592034 | What is it about *COC* that increases the risk of *thromboembolism*? | Estrogen increases factor VII, X, and fibrinogen production | 27 | |
| 8155592035 | So, *COC* have a risk of *thromboembolism*. What contraception *does not have this risk*? | Progestin only preparations | 28 | |
| 8155592036 | What's a *side effect* mainly seen with *norethindrone*? | Hirsutism & acne (Since it's a testosterone derivative & all) | 29 | |
| 8155592037 | What contraceptive is *derived from spironolactone*? | Drosperinone | 30 | |
| 8155592038 | What are the *side effects* of *Drospirenone*? | Anti-aldosterone & anti-androgenic effects (It's a mineralocorticoid antagonist, remember?) | 31 | |
| 8155592039 | What's a *nice side effect* of *COC* use? | 50% decrease in endometrial cancer incidence | 32 | |
| 8155592040 | What's an annoying *side effect* of *progestin-only contraception*? | Irregular, unpredictable spotting and bleeding | 33 | |
| 8155592041 | What determines the amount of *estrogen* given in a *COC* starting out? | Weight | 34 | |
| 8155592042 | What ~specific~ thing do we need to consider when choosing a *contraceptive preparation*? Why? | 19-norprogestin; may have ~androgenic activity~ | 35 | |
| 8155592043 | What's the difference between *COC & transdermal patch*, as far as blood levels go? | Estrogen can be higher due to skipping first-pass metabolism when using a transdermal patch | 36 | |
| 8160081849 | Can a *transdermal patch* be as effective as *COCs* in patients under 90kg? | yep | 37 | |
| 8160112766 | What are the two rare things patients complain about with a *vaginal ring*? | Discomfort. Or worse... expelled | 38 | |
| 8160186156 | What *two drugs* are typically contained in a *vaginal ring*? | Ethinyl Estradiol & etonogestrel | 39 | |
| 8160422363 | A mom has just had a baby. She wants to know when she can start taking her BC again. Why are we concerned about *postpartum patients using estrogen-containing COCs*? | Hypercoagulability & effects on lactation | 40 | |
| 8160432110 | A mom has just had a baby. She wants to know when she can start taking her BC again. When can she *start back on her estrogen-containing COCs*? What can she take in the meantime? | After the first 21 days postpartum; Progestin-only contraceptives | 41 | |
| 8160477378 | A breastfeeding mom has just had a baby. She has *risk factors for venous thromboembolism.* She wants to know when she can start taking her COCs again. When can she take it? | After 42 days postpartum | 42 | |
| 8160562566 | A breastfeeding mom has just had a baby. She has *NO risk factors for venous thromboembolism.* She wants to know when she can start taking her COCs again. When can she take it? | 30 days (?) | 43 | |
| 8160618211 | What drugs are used as *postcoital contraceptives*? | Progestin, estrogen, or combined | 44 | |
| 8160624955 | What's the advantage of using a *progestin-only postcoital contraceptive*? | Fewer side effects | 45 | |
| 8160641189 | A woman takes a *postcoital contraceptive* 6 days after to prevent pregnancy. Is she going to be pregnant or nah? | Oh, she's pregnant. Gotta take that within 72 hrs (implantation is 5 days later) | 46 | |
| 8160661930 | What are the two drugs approved as *emergency contraception*? | Levonorgestrel & Norgestrel | 47 |
Flashcards
Campbell Biology 10th edition- Chapter 36 Flashcards
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| 9457321576 | Passive transport | The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell - diffusion | 0 | |
| 9457321577 | Active transport | transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient | 1 | |
| 9457321578 | transport proteins | A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. Those involved in passive transport do not require energy. | 2 | |
| 9457321579 | membrane potential | The charge difference between a cell's cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid, due to the differential distribution of ions. It affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances. | 3 | |
| 9457321580 | Proton pumps | Use energy from ATP to pump protons out of the cell. This results in a proton gradient with a higher proton concentration outside the cell than inside. The inside of the cell also becomes negative in this process. Involved in active transport, and co transport | 4 | |
| 9457321581 | cotransport | The coupling of the "downhill" diffusion of one substance to the "uphill" transport of another against its own concentration gradient. | 5 | |
| 9457321582 | Osmosis | net absorption or loss of water by a cell; diffusion of water | 6 | |
| 9457321583 | water potential | the physical property predicting the direction in which water will flow, governed by solute concentration and applied pressure. | 7 | |
| 9457321584 | flaccid cell | cell that lack water; is soft; causes plants to droop; closed stoma. If placed in higher solute concentration will undergo plasmolysis. | 8 | |
| 9457321585 | plasmolysis | when a cell is in a hypertonic environment, the cell will lose water to its surroundings, shrink, and its plasma membrane will pull away from the wall | 9 | |
| 9457321586 | turgid | Swollen or distended plant cells. (if it has a greater solute concentration than its surroundings, resulting in entry of water.) | 10 | |
| 9457321587 | wilting | The drooping of leaves and stems as a result of plant cells becoming flaccid. | 11 | |
| 9457321588 | aquaporins | a transport protein in the plasma membrane of a plant or animal cell that specifically facilitates the diffusion of water across the membrane | 12 | |
| 9457321589 | apoplastic, symplastic and transmembrane. | 3 major pathways of transport | 13 | |
| 9457321590 | apoplast | The continuum formed by cell walls, extracellular spaces, and the dead interiors of tracheids and vessels |  | 14 |
| 9457321591 | symplast | the continuum of cytoplasm connected by plasmodesmata between cells. |  | 15 |
| 9457321592 | Transmembrane route | water and solutes move out of one cell, across the cell wall and into the neighboring cell, requires repeated crossings on plasma membranes as substances exit one cell and enter the next | 16 | |
| 9457321593 | Apoplastic route | transport of water and solutes through cell walls and extracellular spaces |  | 17 |
| 9457321594 | Symplastic route | path of least resistance: travel through cytosol by way of plasmodesmata. Requires only one crossing of a plasma membrane. in roots; when minerals reach the endodermis they continue through the plasmodesmata of endodermal cells and pass into the stele. | 18 | |
| 9457321595 | bulk flow | The movement of a fluid due to a difference in pressure between two locations. Used for long distance transport through xylem and phloem. | 19 | |
| 9457321596 | Casparian strip (roots) | A water-impermeable ring of wax in the endodermal cells of plants that blocks the passive flow of water and solutes into the stele by way of cell walls. It forces water and minerals moving through apoplast to cross the plasma membrane of an endodermal cell and enter the stele via the symplast. | 20 | |
| 9457321597 | endodermis | The innermost layer of the cortex in plant roots; a cylinder one cell thick that forms the boundary between the cortex and the vascular cylinder. Functions as a last checkpoint for the selective passage of minerals from the cortex into the vascular tissue. Also prevents solutes that have accumulated in the xylem from leaking back into the soil solution. | 21 | |
| 9457321598 | xylem sap | The dilute solution of water and dissolved minerals carried through vessels and tracheids. | 22 | |
| 9457321599 | transpiration | the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants | 23 | |
| 9457321600 | guttation | due to root pressure, droplets of water appear in the morning on the leaf tips of some herbaceous leaves | 24 | |
| 9457321611 | bulk flow | mechanism for long-distance transport up xylem vessels occurs with in hollow, deadfalls. moves the entire solution—not just water or solutes—at much greater speed no solute pressure no energy used - passive process | 25 | |
| 9457321601 | root pressure | accumulation of minerals in the vascular cylinder lowers the water potential there, generating a positive pressure, pushes xylem up | 26 | |
| 9457321602 | cavitation | formation of water vapor pocket, that can break the chain of water molecules during transpirational pull. | 27 | |
| 9457321603 | Transpirational pull | the main phenomenon driving the flow of water in the xylem tissues of large plants. It results ultimately from the evaporation of water from the surfaces of cells in the interior of the leaves (negative potential). It depends on water adhesion, cohersion and surface tension. | 28 | |
| 9457321612 | Light, Co2 depletion, internal clock in guard cells | 3 cues that contribute to stomatal opening at dawn | 29 | |
| 9457321613 | stomatal opening | Correlates with active transport of H+ out of the guard cell. The resulting membrane potential drives K+ into the cell through specific membrane channels. The absorption of K+ causes the water potential to become more negative within the guard cells, and the cells become more turgid as water enters by osmosis. | 30 | |
| 9457321605 | phloem sap | a mixture of sugar, nutrients, and water that flows through phloem vessels in a plant | 31 | |
| 9457321606 | Translocation | The process by which organic substances (sugars) move through the phloem of a plant - from mature leaves to lower parts of the plant and roots. positive pressure, always move from source to sink | 32 | |
| 9457321607 | Sugar source | A plant organ in which sugar is being produced by either photosynthesis or the breakdown of starch. Mature leaves are the primary sugar sources of plants. loaded by active transport | 33 | |
| 9457321608 | Sugar sink | A plant organ that is a net consumer or storer of sugar. Growing roots, shoot tips, stems, and fruits are examples | 34 | |
| 9457321609 | sugar transport | requires active transport because sucrose is more concentrated in sieve-tube elements and companion cells than in mesophyll. for loading only; moved by positive transport | 35 | |
| 9457321610 | pressure flow | A positive pressure that drives the bulk flow of phloem sap through a sieve tube. When nutrients are pumped into or removed from the phloem system, the change in concentration causes a movement of fluid in that same direction. In this way, phloem is able to move nutrients in either direction to meet the nutritional needs of the plant. | 36 | |
| 9457321614 | xylem is usually unidirectional while phleom is not | xylem vs phloem | 37 |
Introduction to Coding - ICD-10-CM/PCS Guidelines Flashcards
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| 11503947463 | The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), two departments within the U.S. Federal Government's Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) provide guidelines for coding and reporting using | the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM). These guidelines should be used as a companion document to the official version of the ICD-10-CM as published on the NCHS website. | 0 | |
| 11503911542 | ICD-10-CM | is a morbidity classification published by the United States for classifying diagnoses and reason for visits in all health care settings. The ICD-10-CM is based on the ICD-10, the statistical classification of disease published by the World Health Organization (WHO). | 1 | |
| 11503962696 | These guidelines have been approved by the four organizations that make up the Cooperating Parties for the ICD-10-CM: | The American Hospital Association (AHA) The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) CMS NCHS | 2 | |
| 11503994257 | Guidelines | are a set of rules that have been developed to accompany and complement the official conventions and instructions provided within the ICD-10-CM itself. The instructions and conventions of the classification take precedence over guidelines. | 3 | |
| 11504015377 | What are the guidelines based on? | the coding and sequencing instructions in the Tabular List and Alphabetic Index of ICD-10-CM, but provide additional instruction. | 4 | |
| 11504034493 | Adherence to these guidelines when assigning ICD-10 CM diagnosis codes is required by? | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Note: The diagnosis codes (Tabular List and Alphabetic Index) have been adopted under HIPAA for all healthcare settings. | 5 | |
| 11504100306 | Encounter | is used for all settings, including hospital admissions. | 6 | |
| 11504188045 | Section I - Conventions, General Coding Guidelines, and Chapter Specific Guidelines | includes the structure and conventions of the classification and general guidelines that apply to the entire classification, and chapter-specific guidelines that correspond to the chapters as they are arranged in the classification. This section is the largest section of the guidelines. Note: The conventions, general guidelines, and chapter-specific guidelines in Section I are applicable to all healthcare settings unless otherwise indicated. The conventions and instructions of the classification take precedence over guidelines. | 7 | |
| 11504233773 | Section II - Selection of Principal Diagnosis | includes guidelines for selection of principal diagnosis for non-outpatient settings. In determining principal diagnosis, coding conventions in the ICD-10-CM, the Tabular List and Alphabetic Index take precedence over these official coding guidelines. | 8 | |
| 11504374647 | Section III - Reporting Additional Diagnosis | includes guidelines for reporting additional diagnoses in non-outpatient settings. Note: The guidelines are to be applied in designating "other diagnoses" when neither the Alphabetic Index nor the Tabular List in ICD-10-CM provide direction. The listing of the diagnoses in the patient record is the responsibility of the attending provider. | 9 | |
| 11504388298 | General Rules for Other (Additional) Diagnoses: | For reporting purposes the definition for "other diagnoses" is interpreted as additional conditions that affect patient care in terms of requiring: clinical evaluation; or therapeutic treatment; or diagnostic procedures; or extended length of hospital stay; or increased nursing care and/or monitoring | 10 | |
| 11504562976 | Section IV - Diagnostic Coding and Reporting Guidelines for Outpatient Services | is for outpatient coding and reporting. These coding guidelines for outpatient diagnoses have been approved for use by hospitals/ providers in coding and reporting hospital-based outpatient services and provider-based office visits (this means outpatient settings and physician settings.) | 11 | |
| 11504604559 | Though the conventions and general guidelines apply to all settings, coding guidelines for outpatient and provider reporting of diagnoses will vary in a number of instances from those for inpatient diagnoses, recognizing that: | The Uniform Hospital Discharge Data Set (UHDDS) definition of principal diagnosis applies only to inpatients in acute, short-term, long-term care, and psychiatric hospitals. Coding guidelines for inconclusive diagnoses (probable, suspected, rule out, etc.) were developed for inpatient reporting and do not apply to outpatients. | 12 | |
| 11504742576 | Appendix I - Present on Admission Reporting Guidelines | These guidelines are to be used as a supplement to the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting to facilitate the assignment of the Present on Admission (POA) indicator for each diagnosis and external cause of injury code reported on claim forms (UB-04 and 837 Institutional). Note: These guidelines are not intended to replace any guidelines in the main body of the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting. The POA guidelines are not intended to provide guidance on when a condition should be coded, but rather, how to apply the POA indicator to the final set of diagnosis codes that have been assigned in accordance with Sections I, II, and III of the official coding guidelines. Subsequent to the assignment of the ICD-10-CM codes, the POA indicator should then be assigned to those conditions that have been coded | 13 | |
| 11504931900 | ICD-10-PCS | is a procedure classification published by the United States for classifying procedures performed in hospital inpatient health care settings. | 14 | |
| 11504949362 | The parts of the ICD-10-PCS Guidelines are listed: | A. Conventions B. Medical and Surgical Section Guidelines Body System Root Operation Body Part Approach Device C. Obstetrics Section Guidelines | 15 |
Bio B12 Flashcards
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| 13520139372 | Multicellular organisms | Small cells, many groups, different sizes | 0 | |
| 13520139373 | unicellular organism | Larger cells, survive in wider range of environments, need coordination to have organized function | 1 | |
| 13520139374 | stem cells | No specialized function, divide into new cells and either stay as stem cell or become a cell with specialized function | 2 | |
| 13520139375 | Photosynthesis | Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. | 3 | |
| 13520139376 | cellular respiration | Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | 4 | |
| 13520139377 | Cuticle | Wach clear layer that prevents evaporation in the leaf | 5 | |
| 13520139378 | upper epidermis | the part of the leaf above the palisades layer that prevents the loss of water and is protective layer | 6 | |
| 13520139379 | Palisade tissue cells | column-shaped mesophyll cells in a plant leaf; responsible for photosynthesis and has lots of chloroplasts | 7 | |
| 13520139380 | Spongy tissue cells | photosynthetic plant cells that are loosely packed to enable gas exchange, located below the palisade tissue cells in a leaf | 8 | |
| 13520139381 | xylem and phloem | two types of vascular tissue | 9 | |
| 13520139382 | Xylem | carries water and minerals from roots to leaves | 10 | |
| 13520139383 | Phloem | Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant | 11 | |
| 13520139384 | lower epidermis | protective layer on the bottom of leaf which contains stomata & guard cells | 12 | |
| 13520139385 | Stomata | Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move | 13 | |
| 13520139386 | vascular bundle | a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem | 14 | |
| 13520139387 | Veins | Transport system is spongy tissue cells in mesophyll | 15 | |
| 13520139388 | Gas exchange | Happens in leaves, leaves are most important, spongy tissues cells and stomata | 16 | |
| 13520139389 | What happens to plants during gas exchange | Transpiration (guard cells and stomata keep the lead from losing too much water) | 17 | |
| 13520139390 | Transpiration | loss of water from a plant through its leaves | 18 | |
| 13520139391 | turgor pressure | water pressure within a plant cell | 19 | |
| 13520139392 | What happens during osmosis | Guard cells take in water, increase is turgor pressure and stomata opens | 20 | |
| 13520139393 | What happens during transpiration | Guard cells lose water, decrease in turgor pressure, stomata closes | 21 | |
| 13520139394 | Lenticels | A small raised area in the bark of stems and roots that enables gas exchange between living cells and the outside air. | 22 | |
| 13520139395 | What happens to the stomata with light | It opens | 23 | |
| 13520139396 | What happens to the stomata with no light | It closes | 24 | |
| 13520139397 | What are the functions of the xylem | - transport water and dissolved minerals - provides mechanical strength/support for the plant. It is made of dead cells that form a tube, without a xylem photosynthesis wouldn't happen | 25 | |
| 13520139398 | Water Uptake (Xylem) | Water enters plants through epidermal layer of root hairs, diffuses by osmosis, (mineral transport is active) | 26 | |
| 13520139399 | xylem sap | the water and dissolved minerals in the xylem | 27 | |
| 13520139400 | What are the functions of the phloem | Living cells, cell wall contains pores to exchange materials, transports sugars through plant | 28 | |
| 13520139401 | What are the 4 things that help sap travel up the stem | Cohesive forces, adhesive forces, root pressure, transpiration | 29 | |
| 13520139402 | cohesive forces | Attractive forces between water molecules | 30 | |
| 13520139403 | adhesive forces | Attractive forces between water molecules and surface molecules | 31 | |
| 13520139404 | root pressure | Turgor pressure inside the root xylem | 32 | |
| 13520139405 | Transpiration | Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant and forces water up to replace evaporation | 33 | |
| 13520139406 | Sugar uptake (phloem) | Sugars (phloem sap), produced during photosynthesis transported through plant via photosynthesis. Sugar concentration through cell. Water moves into cell through osmosis, turgor pressure increases and forces sugar out of phloem to neighbouring cells | 34 | |
| 13520139407 | phloem sap | a mixture of sugar, nutrients, and water that flows through phloem vessels in a plant | 35 | |
| 13520139408 | Tropism | a plant's response to its environment | 36 | |
| 13520139409 | Phototropism | A growth response to light | 37 | |
| 13520139410 | Auxins | Plant hormones that lead to phototropism by elongating the dark side of the plant | 38 | |
| 13520139411 | Gravitropism | A growth response to gravity | 39 | |
| 13520139412 | negative gravitropism | growth of the plant stem upward, away from the earth | 40 | |
| 13520139413 | positive gravitropism | growth of the roots downward, toward the earth | 41 | |
| 13520139414 | nastic response | Response to touch (Venus fly trap) | 42 | |
| 13520139415 | sleep movements | Changes in the position of plant leaves throughout the course of a day, following the movement of the sun. Day leaves are high and full. Nighttime they drop. Controlled by turgor pressure | 43 |
AP Government Court Cases Flashcards
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| 13861794869 | Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Government-directed prayer in public schools violates the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment, even if the prayer is denominationally neutral and students may remain silent or be excused from the classroom during its recitation. |  | 0 |
| 13861794870 | NY Times v. US (1971) | The court upheld the First Amendment/Freedom of the Press rights of the New York Times and Washington Post to print the Pentagon Papers, without risk of government censorship or punishment. |  | 1 |
| 13861794871 | Schenck v. US (1919) | The defendant, who handed out circulars against war and urged for peaceful action, such as petitioning and the repeal the Conscription Act, was charged with conspiracy to violate the Espionage Act. Authorities argued that he was attempting to cause insubordination in the military and to obstruct recruitment. During wartime, utterances tolerable in peacetime can be punished because they represent a "clear and present danger" to national security. |  | 2 |
| 13861794872 | Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | Students in an Iowa school were suspended for wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam war. The Court ruled that this suspension was unconstitutional, and that public school students do not "shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse door." Public school students may engage in symbolic speech, as protected by the First Amendment, when such display does not disrupt classes. |  | 3 |
| 13861794873 | U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress's authority to regulate interstate commerce. The first case to begin reigning in Congress's authority under the Commerce Clause. |  | 4 |
| 13861794874 | Roe v. Wade (1973) | Abortion is a private matter between a woman and her doctor. Women are entitled to the right of privacy (9th and 14th Amendments). As such, women cannot be denied the right to have an abortion. |  | 5 |
| 13861794875 | Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | Ruled for integration of public schools because racial segregation violates the 14th Amendment's Equal Protection clause. |  | 6 |
| 13861794876 | Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Established the Supreme Court as having the power of Judicial Review/Interpret the Constitution. |  | 7 |
| 13861794877 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Implied powers under the Necessary and Proper Clause: Creation of the national bank was implied based upon the enumerated power of Congress to tax and spend. State of Maryland could not tax federal bank due to Supremacy Clause, because the power to tax is the power to destroy. |  | 8 |
| 13861794878 | Shaw v. Reno (1993) | NO racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. |  | 9 |
| 13861794879 | Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | State courts are required under the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases for defendants unable to afford their own attorneys. |  | 10 |
| 13861794880 | Baker v. Carr (1962) | Established the principle of "one person, one vote". The Court asserted that the federal courts had the right to tell states to reapportion their districts for more equal representation. Ultimately, the Court ordered that state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population. |  | 11 |
| 13861794881 | Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) | Dealt with the Amish community's desire to pull their children from public school before the age of 16 so that they could help with farm and domestic work. The Court sided with the Amish and held that parents may remove children from public school for religious reasons. |  | 12 |
| 13861794882 | McDonald v. Chicago (2010) | The Second Amendment that allows the people to keep and bear arms applies to state governments as well as the federal government. |  | 13 |
| 13861794883 | Citizens United v. FEC (2010) | Corporations have the same 1st Amendment right as individuals to expressly support political candidates for Congress and the White House through campaign contributions. |  | 14 |
Netzwerk B1 Kapitel 2 Flashcards
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| 13674759274 | der Akku | battery |  | 0 |
| 13674759275 | die Einparkhilfe | parking assistance | 1 | |
| 13674759276 | der Farbdrucker | colorprinter | 2 | |
| 13674759277 | das Gerät | device |  | 3 |
| 13674759278 | das Kabel | cable |  | 4 |
| 13674759279 | die Kassette | cassette |  | 5 |
| 13674759280 | der Klick | the click |  | 6 |
| 13674759281 | Sie Können das mit einem Klick ändern | You can change that with one click. | 7 | |
| 13674759282 | der Kopfhörer | headphones |  | 8 |
| 13674759283 | die Nachricht | message |  | 9 |
| 13674759284 | die Neuerung | innovation | 10 | |
| 13674759285 | der Monitor | monitor |  | 11 |
| 13674759286 | der Schalter | switch |  | 12 |
| 13674759287 | die Steckdose | socket |  | 13 |
| 13674759288 | der Stecker | plug |  | 14 |
| 13674759289 | die Stimme | voice |  | 15 |
| 13674759290 | die Computerstimme | computer voice | 16 | |
| 13674759291 | die Taste | key, button | 17 | |
| 13674759292 | die Technik | technique; technology |  | 18 |
| 13674759293 | die Tintenpatrone | ink cartridge |  | 19 |
| 13674759294 | der Zahlencode | numerical code | 20 | |
| 13674759295 | anschalten, schaltete an, hat angeschaltet | turn on |  | 21 |
| 13674759296 | anschließen, schloss an, hat angeschlossen | to connect |  | 22 |
| 13674759297 | Hast du den Drucker angeschlossen? | Did you connect the printer? | 23 | |
| 13674759298 | ausgehen, ging aus, ist ausgegangen | to run out, to shut off, to go out | 24 | |
| 13674759299 | Das Handy geht immer aus. | The handy keeps shutting off. | 25 | |
| 13674759300 | berühren, berührte, hat berührt | to touch |  | 26 |
| 13674759301 | Du musst den Bildschirm berühren. | You must touch the screen. | 27 | |
| 13674759302 | einsetzen, setzte ein, hat eingesetzt | to insert |  | 28 |
| 13674759303 | Haben Sie die Patrone eingesetzt? | Did you insert the cartridge? | 29 | |
| 13674759304 | laden, lud, hat geladen | to load, to charge |  | 30 |
| 13674759305 | Wo kann ich den Akku laden? | Where can I charge the battery? | 31 | |
| 13674759306 | kontrollieren, kontrollierte, hat kontrolliert | to check, to control |  | 32 |
| 13674759307 | elektronisch | electronic |  | 33 |
| 13674759308 | die Bewertung | evaluation, review | 34 | |
| 13674759309 | die Funktion | function | 35 | |
| 13674759310 | die Produktbeschreibung | product description | 36 | |
| 13674759311 | der/das Prospekt | the brochure, pamphlet | 37 | |
| 13674759312 | das Sonderangebot | special offer, sale | 38 | |
| 13674759313 | der Testbericht | test report | 39 | |
| 13674759314 | empfehlen, empfahl, hat empfohlen | to recommend | 40 | |
| 13674759315 | sich informieren, informierte sich, hat sich informiert | to get information | 41 | |
| 13674759316 | vergleichen, verglich, hat verglichen | to compare | 42 | |
| 13674759317 | das Elektrogeschäft | electronicsl store | 43 | |
| 13674759318 | der Erfahrungsbericht | the customer review | 44 | |
| 13674759319 | die Garantie | warranty, guarantee | 45 | |
| 13674759320 | Ich habe noch Garantie auf den Drucker. | The printer is still under warranty. | 46 | |
| 13674759321 | sich entscheiden, entschied sich, hat sich entschieden | to decide | 47 | |
| 13674759322 | lösen, löste, hat gelöst | to solve | 48 | |
| 13674759323 | Der Kundenservice muss das Problem lösen. | The customer service has to fix the problem. | 49 | |
| 13674759324 | reklamieren, reklamierte, hat reklamiert | to file a complaint | 50 | |
| 13674759325 | umtauschen, tauschte um, hat umgetauscht | to exchange | 51 | |
| 13674759326 | verärgert, verärgerte, hat verärgert | annoyed | 52 | |
| 13674759327 | der Altbau | old building |  | 53 |
| 13674759328 | die Neubauten | new buildings |  | 54 |
| 13674759329 | die Atmosphäre | the atmosphere |  | 55 |
| 13674759330 | der Bewohner | resident |  | 56 |
| 13674759331 | Wir müssen auf die Kosten achten. | We have to pay attention to the costs. | 57 | |
| 13674759332 | der Mitbewohner | co-resident, roommate |  | 58 |
| 13674759333 | die Stimmung | mood, atmosphere |  | 59 |
| 13674759334 | anpassen, passte an, hat angepasst | to adapt | 60 | |
| 13674759335 | aussuchen, suchte aus, hat ausgesucht | to choose, to pick out |  | 61 |
| 13674759336 | beeindrucken, beeindruckte, hat beeindruckt | to impress |  | 62 |
| 13674759337 | Die Wohnung beeindruckt mich. | The apartment impresses me. | 63 | |
| 13674759338 | sich bewegen, bewegte sich, hat sich bewegt | to move |  | 64 |
| 13674759339 | heimkommen, kam heim, ist heimgekommen | to come home |  | 65 |
| 13674759340 | weich | soft, smooth |  | 66 |
| 13674759341 | die Marke | brand | 67 | |
| 13674759342 | der Markenname | brand name | 68 | |
| 13674759343 | der Trick | trick |  | 69 |
| 13674759344 | das Verhalten | behavior |  | 70 |
| 13674759345 | Das Verhalten der Kunden ist wichtig. | The behavior of the customer is important. | 71 | |
| 13674759346 | ansprechen, sprach an, hat angesprochen | to address |  | 72 |
| 13674759347 | Wir sprechen die Kunden direkt an. | We address the customer directly. | 73 | |
| 13674759348 | auffallen, fiel auf, ist aufgefallen | to stand out, attract attention |  | 74 |
| 13674759349 | produzieren, produzierte, hat produziert | to produce |  | 75 |
| 13674759350 | überraschen, überraschte, hat überrascht | to surprise |  | 76 |
| 13674759351 | altmodisch | old-fashioned |  | 77 |
| 13674759352 | frech | cheeky |  | 78 |
| 13674759353 | geschmacklos | in bad taste |  | 79 |
| 13674759354 | verständlich | understandable |  | 80 |
| 13674759355 | witzig | funny |  | 81 |
| 13674759356 | das Tempo | das Papiertaschentuch |  | 82 |
| 13674759357 | das Aspirin | die Schmerztablette |  | 83 |
| 13674759358 | der Witz | joke | 84 | |
| 13674759359 | Bio- | organic | 85 | |
| 13674759360 | bemerken, bemerkte, hat bemerkt | to notice | 86 | |
| 13674759361 | Hast du bemerkt, dass der Akku fast leer ist? | Did you notice that the battery is almost empty? | 87 | |
| 13674759362 | unglaublich | unbelievable, incredible | 88 | |
| 13674759363 | obwohl | even though, although | 89 | |
| 13674759364 | damals | back then | 90 | |
| 13674759365 | wessen | whose | 91 | |
| 13674764017 | die Werbung, -en | advertisement | 92 | |
| 13674765479 | fördern | to encourage | 93 | |
| 13674772916 | die Erinnerung, -en | memory | 94 | |
| 13674777015 | neugierig | curious | 95 | |
| 13674779870 | wohl | probably | 96 | |
| 13674782374 | Wünsche wecken | wishes awaken | 97 | |
| 13674788358 | die Schönheit, en | beauty | 98 | |
| 13674792602 | der Genuss, die Genüsse | enjoyment | 99 | |
| 13674797112 | gelten | to be valid | 100 | |
| 13674799455 | Merkmale | characteristics | 101 | |
| 13674802968 | häufig | frequently | 102 | |
| 13674808472 | persönlichen Anreden | personal addresses | 103 | |
| 13674812549 | ebenfalls | as well | 104 | |
| 13674818623 | Verhalten steuern | navigate behavior | 105 |
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