AP English Flashcards
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| 12242732648 | alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables | 0 | |
| 12242732649 | allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event | 1 | |
| 12242732650 | analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things | 2 | |
| 12242732651 | anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses | 3 | |
| 12242732652 | ancedote | A short account of an interesting event | 4 | |
| 12242732653 | annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to the text | 5 | |
| 12242732654 | antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers | 6 | |
| 12242732655 | antimetabole | The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast | 7 | |
| 12242732656 | antithesis | Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas | 8 | |
| 12242732657 | aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth | 9 | |
| 12242732658 | appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun | 10 | |
| 12242732659 | archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language | 11 | |
| 12242732660 | argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence | 12 | |
| 12242732661 | Aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle) |  | 13 |
| 12242732662 | assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes argument | 14 | |
| 12242732663 | assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof | 15 | |
| 12242732664 | asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses | 16 | |
| 12242732665 | attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone | 17 | |
| 12242732666 | audience | One's listener or readership' those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed | 18 | |
| 12242732667 | authority | A reliable, respected source - someone with knowledge | 19 | |
| 12242732668 | bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue | 20 | |
| 12242732669 | cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source | 21 | |
| 12242732670 | claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence | 22 | |
| 12242732671 | close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text | 23 | |
| 12242732672 | colloquial/ism | An informal or conversational use of language | 24 | |
| 12242732673 | common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions | 25 | |
| 12242732674 | complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 26 | |
| 12242732675 | concession | A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding | 27 | |
| 12242732676 | connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation) | 28 | |
| 12242732677 | context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning | 29 | |
| 12242732678 | coordination | Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but | 30 | |
| 12242732679 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument | 31 | |
| 12242732680 | credible | Worthy of belief; trustworthy | 32 | |
| 12242732681 | cumulative sentence | An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail | 33 | |
| 12242732682 | declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement | 34 | |
| 12242732683 | deduction | Reasoning from general to specific | 35 | |
| 12242732684 | denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition | 36 | |
| 12242732685 | dialectal journal | A double-column journal in which one writes a quotation in one column and reflections on that quotation in the other column | 37 | |
| 12242732686 | diction | Word choice | 38 | |
| 12242732687 | documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing | 39 | |
| 12242732688 | elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone | 40 | |
| 12242732689 | epigram | A brief witty statement | 41 | |
| 12242732690 | ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person on of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos) | 42 | |
| 12242732691 | explication of text | Explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used; also called close reading | 43 | |
| 12242732692 | facts | Information that is true or demonstrable | 44 | |
| 12242732693 | figurative language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect | 45 | |
| 12242732694 | figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning | 46 | |
| 12242732695 | fragment | A word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence | 47 | |
| 12242732696 | hortatory | Urging, or strongly encouraging | 48 | |
| 12242732697 | hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis | 49 | |
| 12242732698 | imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing) | 50 | |
| 12242732699 | imperative sentences | A sentence that requests or commands | 51 | |
| 12242732700 | induction | Reasoning from specific to general | 52 | |
| 12242732701 | inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject | 53 | |
| 12242732702 | irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result | 54 | |
| 12242732703 | juxtaposition | Placement of two things side by side for emphasis | 55 | |
| 12242732704 | logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos) | 56 | |
| 12242732705 | metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison | 57 | |
| 12242732706 | metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole | 58 | |
| 12242732707 | modifier | A word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause | 59 | |
| 12242732708 | narration | Retelling an event or series of events | 60 | |
| 12242732709 | nominalization | Turning a verb or adjective into a noun | 61 | |
| 12242732710 | occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing | 62 | |
| 12242732711 | omniscient narrator | An all-knowing, usually third-person narrator | 63 | |
| 12242732712 | oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms | 64 | |
| 12242732713 | pacing | The relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented | 65 | |
| 12242732714 | paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true | 66 | |
| 12242732715 | parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns | 67 | |
| 12242732716 | parody | A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridcule | 68 | |
| 12242732717 | pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos) | 69 | |
| 12242732718 | periodic sentence | A sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause | 70 | |
| 12242732719 | persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing | 71 | |
| 12242732720 | personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects | 72 | |
| 12242732721 | polemic | An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion | 73 | |
| 12242732722 | polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions | 74 | |
| 12242732723 | premise; major, minor | Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded Minor premise: All horses are mammals Conclusion: All horses are warm blooded (see syllogism) | 75 | |
| 12242732724 | pronoun | A word used to replace a noun or noun phrase | 76 | |
| 12242732725 | propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information | 77 | |
| 12242732726 | purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing | 78 | |
| 12242732727 | refute | To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument | 79 | |
| 12242732728 | rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion" | 80 | |
| 12242732729 | rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation | 81 | |
| 12242732730 | rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer | 82 | |
| 12242732731 | rhetorical triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle) |  | 83 |
| 12242732732 | satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it | 84 | |
| 12242732733 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect | 85 | |
| 12242732734 | sentence patterns | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions -- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex | 86 | |
| 12242732735 | sentence variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect | 87 | |
| 12242732736 | simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things | 88 | |
| 12242732737 | simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause | 89 | |
| 12242732738 | source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information | 90 | |
| 12242732739 | speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing | 91 | |
| 12242732740 | straw man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position | 92 | |
| 12242732741 | style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech | 93 | |
| 12242732742 | subject | In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing | 94 | |
| 12242732743 | subordinate clause | Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause | 95 | |
| 12242732744 | subordination | The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence | 96 | |
| 12242732745 | syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor) | 97 | |
| 12242732746 | syntax | Sentence structure | 98 | |
| 12242732747 | synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex | 99 | |
| 12242732748 | thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer | 100 | |
| 12242732749 | thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit | 101 | |
| 12242732750 | tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience | 102 | |
| 12242732751 | topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraphs's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis | 103 | |
| 12242732752 | trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a non-literal way also called a figure of speech | 104 | |
| 12242732753 | understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect | 105 | |
| 12242732754 | voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing | 106 | |
| 12242732755 | zeugma | A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs-- often in different, sometimes incongruent ways-- two or more words in a sentence | 107 |
