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Business Statistics - Chapter 4 - Basic Probability Flashcards

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9628010562Priori Classical ProbabilityObjective probability, obtained from prior knowledge of the process.0
9628014373Empirical Classical ProbabilityObjective probability, obtained from the relative frequency of occurrence of an event.1
9628020207Subjective ProbabilityProbability that reflects an individual's beliefs that an event will occur.2
9628023449Random ExperimentA precisely described scenario that leads to an outcome that cannot be predicted with certainty.3
9628029400Sample SpaceCollection of all simple events of a random experiment.4
9628031278ComplementAll simple outcomes not in an event.5
9628034042Contingency Table ProbabilityRepresents a sample space for joint events classified by two characteristics; each cell represents the joint event satisfying given values of both characteristics.6
9628043808Venn DiagramGraphical representation of a sample space; joint events shown as 'unions' and 'intersections' of circles representing simple events.7
9628049531Marginal ProbabilityProbability of an event describe by a single characteristic.8
9628055146Joint ProbabilityProbability of an occurrence described by two or more characteristics.9
9628062141Mutually ExclusiveTwo events that cannot occur simultaneously.10
9628064153Collectively ExhaustiveSet of events such that one of the events must occur.11
9628075863Conditional ProbabilityProbability of an event, given information on the occurrence of a second event.12
9628077560Decision TreeGraphical representation of simple and joint probabilities as vertices of a tree.13
9628079924Statistical IndependenceThe occurrence of an event does not affect the occurrence of a second event.14
9628081865General Multiplication RuleUsed to calculate the probability of the joint event A and B.15
9628085655Multiplication Rule for Independent EventsUsed to calculate the probability of the joint even A and B when A and B are independent.16
9628089194Bayes' TheoremRevises previously calculated probabilities when new information becomes available.17
9628098563PermutationOrdered selection of items.18
9628099293CombinationUnordered selection of items.19

AP Biology Cell Signalling Flashcards

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9282386452signal transduction pathwayThe process by which a signal on a cell's surface is converted into a specific cellular response.0
9282386453hormonesCirculating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells.1
9282386454ligandA molecule that specifically binds to another molecule, often a larger one.2
9282386455protein kinaseThe enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to protein.3
9282386456second messengersSmall, non-protein water soluble molecules or ions that send messages throughout the cells by diffusion.4
9282386457receptionThe target cell's detection of a signal molecule coming from outside the cell.5
9282386458transductionThe binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way.6
9282386459responseThe transduced signal finally triggers a specific cellular response.7
9282386460G-protein-linked receptorA plasma membrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein.8
9282386461cyclic AMPcAMP (a second messenger) activates another protein, usually protein kinase A, leading to cellular response.9

Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 13 Flashcards

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8394032083auscultationlistening. A stethoscope is used to auscultate for characteristic sounds.0
8394032084blood pressurethe force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels.1
8394032085blood pressure monitora machine that automatically inflates a blood pressure cuff and measures blood pressure.2
8394032086brachial arterythe major artery of the arm.3
8394032087brachial pulsethe pulse felt in the upper arm.4
8394032088bradycardiaa slow pulse, any pulse rate below 60 beats per minute.5
8394032089carotid pulsethe pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck.6
8394032090constrictget smaller7
8394032091diastolic blood pressurethe pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling.8
8394032092dilateget larger9
8394032093oxygen saturation (SpO2)the ratio of the amount of oxygen present in the blood to the amount that could be carried, expressed as a percentage.10
8394032094palpationtouching or feeling. A pulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips.11
8394032095pulsethe rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries.12
8394032096pulse oximeteran electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, known as the oxygen saturation or SpO2.13
8394032097pulse qualitythe rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse.14
8394032098pulse ratethe number of pulse beats per minute.15
8394032099pupilthe black center of the eye.16
8394032100radial pulsethe pulse felt at the wrist.17
8394032101reactivityin the pupils of the eyes, reacting to light by changing size.18
8394032102respirationthe act of breathing in and breathing out.19
8394032103respiratory qualitythe normal or abnormal (shallow, labored, or noisy) character of breathing.20
8394032104respiratory ratethe number of breaths taken in one minute.21
8394032105respiratory rhythmthe regular or irregular spacing of breaths.22
8394032106sphygmomanometerthe cuff and gauge used to measure blood pressure.23
8394032107systolic blood pressurethe pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries.24
8394032108tachycardiaa rapid pulse, any pulse rate over 100 beats per minute.25
8394032109vital signsoutward signs of what is going on inside the body, including respiration, pulse, skin color, temperature, and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children), pupils, and blood pressure.26

Emergency Care 13th Edition Chapter 13 Flashcards

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6338870797auscultationlistening. A stethoscope is used to auscultate for characteristic sounds.0
6338870798blood pressurethe force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels.1
6338870799blood pressure monitora machine that automatically inflates a blood pressure cuff and measures blood pressure.2
6338870800brachial arterythe major artery of the arm.3
6338870801brachial pulsethe pulse felt in the upper arm.4
6338870802bradycardiaa slow pulse, any pulse rate below 60 beats per minute.5
6338870803carotid pulsethe pulse felt along the large carotid artery on either side of the neck.6
6338870804constrictget smaller7
6338870805diastolic blood pressurethe pressure remaining in the arteries when the left ventricle of the heart is relaxed and refilling.8
6338870806dilateget larger9
6338870807oxygen saturation (SpO2)the ratio of the amount of oxygen present in the blood to the amount that could be carried, expressed as a percentage.10
6338870808palpationtouching or feeling. A pulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips.11
6338870809pulsethe rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries.12
6338870810pulse oximeteran electronic device for determining the amount of oxygen carried in the blood, known as the oxygen saturation or SpO2.13
6338870811pulse qualitythe rhythm (regular or irregular) and force (strong or weak) of the pulse.14
6338870812pulse ratethe number of pulse beats per minute.15
6338870813pupilthe black center of the eye.16
6338870814radial pulsethe pulse felt at the wrist.17
6338870815reactivityin the pupils of the eyes, reacting to light by changing size.18
6338870816respirationthe act of breathing in and breathing out.19
6338870817respiratory qualitythe normal or abnormal (shallow, labored, or noisy) character of breathing.20
6338870818respiratory ratethe number of breaths taken in one minute.21
6338870819respiratory rhythmthe regular or irregular spacing of breaths.22
6338870820sphygmomanometerthe cuff and gauge used to measure blood pressure.23
6338870821systolic blood pressurethe pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries.24
6338870822tachycardiaa rapid pulse, any pulse rate over 100 beats per minute.25
6338870823vital signsoutward signs of what is going on inside the body, including respiration, pulse, skin color, temperature, and condition (plus capillary refill in infants and children), pupils, and blood pressure.26

AP: Vocabulary Flashcards

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5277487262BEGGING THE QUESTION (or circular argument)This fallacy avoids proving the truth of the conclusion by ASSUMING the truth of it in advance.0
5277487263EITHER-ORthe two-alternatives fallacy; Would you rather have a senator who is handsome and dumb or one who is ugly and intelligent?1
5277487264FALSE ANALOGYtrying to PROVE a point by analogy; You shouldn't change in midstream; therefore you must reelect Senator X2
5277487265HYPOTHESIS CONTRARY TO FACTdrawing conclusions without looking at all of the facts; The Pony Express stopped running in 1861. It must have been a failure.3
5277487266FAULTY CAUSE AND EFFECTconfusing coincidental time sequence with genuine causation, sometimes called POST HOC; Everytime I forget my umbrella, it rains, therefore I cause the rain by leaving my umbrella at home, and I can guarantee a nice day by bringing my umbrella.4
5277487267BANDWAGON APPEALit's the "everybody is doing it" argument.5
5277487268TESTIMONIALassociation; George Washington once made the same point as Senator X. It's the Christian thing to do, because, as Jesus says,...6
5277487269APPEAL TO PITYWe should reelect Senator X; after all, he has a crippled mother, and his wife just died.7
5277487270AD POPULEMappeal to the people, to what they want to hear or to what they fear; We know we can count on you, the generous American. We don't want those people coming with their "red" ideas, do we?8
5277487271HASTY GENERALIZATIONthis is a conclusion drawn from too few samples; That the students are smoking in the cafeteria leads me to conclude that most college students smoke.9
5277487272NAME CALLINGPoisoning the Well or Ad Hominem; Senator X just divorced his wife. How can his proposal be any good?10
5277487273UNQUALIFICATION GENERALIZATIONDicto Simpliciter; Beware of words like always, all, never, every: complex situations are simply not that black-and-white.11
5277599771SemicolonPause, plus sign, sense of balance, similarity, or contrast.12
5277599772ColonPointers "pay attention to this!". Lead-in for complex sentences, phrases or single words, create drama, catch the reader's attention13
5277599773DashesFocus on important, additional details, add information14
5277599774Ellipsis PointsCreate a pause or hesitation to build anticipation.15
5277599775AllusionConnection that illuminates one situation by comparing it to another similar, but usually more famous one with historical or literary connections16
5277599776AnalogyComparing two things, often point by point, to show similarity or suggest that if two concepts, phenomena, events or people are like in one way, that they are probably alike in other ways as well.17
5277599777AntonomasiaSubstituting a descriptive phrase for a proper name18
5277599778HyperboleUse of an overstatement for special effect19
5277599779IronyConvey meanings that are in tension with or even opposite of their literal meanings20
5277599780MetaphorCreates or implies a comparison between two things21
5277599781MetonymyUsing a particular object to stand for a general concept22
5277599782OxymoronStates a paradox or contradiction23
5277599783Rhetorical QuestionQuestions posed that don't require answers24
5277599784SignifyingWriter cleverly and often humorously needles another person25
5277599785SimileUses like or as to compare two things26
5277599786UnderstatementQuiet message to make a point27
5277599787AnaphoraEffective repetition28
5277599788AntithesisUse of parallel words or sentence structure to highlight contrasts or opposition.29
5277599789Inverted Word OrderNot in the usual subject-verb-object order30
5277599790ParallelismGrammatically similar phrases or clauses for special effect.31

AP Psych Social Review Flashcards

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7374701158AggressionAny physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 730)0
7374701159AltruismUnselfish regard for the welfare of others. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 745)1
7374701160Bystander EffectThe tendency for any given person to be less likely to give aid if other persons are present. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 746)2
7374701161Companionate LoveThe deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 744)3
7374701162ConflictA perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 737)4
7374701163EquityA condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 744)5
7374701164Frustration-aggression PrincipleThe principle that frustration -the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 732)6
7374701166Ingroup"Us" - People with whom one shares a common identity. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 728)7
7374701167Ingroup BiasThe tendency to favor one's own group. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 728)8
7374701168Just-world PhenomenonThe tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 730)9
7374701169Mere Exposure EffectThe phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 740)10
7374701170Outgroup"Them" - Those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 728)11
7374701171Passionate LoveAn aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 743)12
7374701172PrejudiceAn unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 725)13
7374701173Scapegoat TheoryThe theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 728)14
7374701174Social Exchange TheoryThe theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 747)15
7374701175StereotypeA generalization (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 725)16
7374701176Superordinate GoalsShared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 748)17
7374701177Self-disclosureRevealing intimate aspects of oneself to others. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 744)18
7374701178Social TrapA situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 738)19
7374701179ConformityAdjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 714)20
7374701180DeindividuationThe loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 721)21
7374701181Group PolarizationThe enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within the group. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 721)22
7374701182GroupthinkThe mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 722)23
7374701183Informational Social InfluenceInfluence resulting from one's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 715)24
7374701184Normative Social InfluenceInfluence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 715)25
7374701185Social FacilitationImproved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with tasks that are difficult or not yet mastered. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 719)26
7374701186Social LoafingThe tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 720)27
7374701187AttitudeA belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 708)28
7374701188Attribution TheoryThe theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 706)29
7374701189Cognitive Dissonance TheoryThe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 711)30
7374701190Foot-in-the-door PhenomenonThe tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 709)31
7374701191Fundamental Attribution ErrorThe tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 706)32
7374701192Social PsychologyThe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. (Myers Psychology 7e p. 706)33

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