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AP World History First Semester Final Flashcards

11987840858	in what ways was mongol domination good for Eurasia ?	contirbuted to globalization of Eurasia, trade was better, and linked several networks.	0
11987840859	when universalizing religions spread, what happens when they contact local social and belief systems ?	Convert to their religion/belief system	1
11987840860	How were the Aztec and the Chinese similar in how they interacted with states on their borders	they made them pay tribute	2
11987840861	Which man's story and travels indicates that the Islamic world (Dar al-Islam) had a form of unification, if not politically unified	Ibn Battula	3
11987840862	Where was the Swahili coast, and of which trading system was it a part of ?	East Africa ; Indian Ocean trade network	4
11987840863	What ended up happening to Chinese Buddhism during the Tang Dynasty ?	it was outlawed in temples were either raised or destroyed because reducing imperial revenues	5
11987840864	How would a Daiost approach education and government ?	you go with the flow, dont get educated, avoid and screw the government	6
11987840865	Which formerly imposing empire was one of the first victims of the expansion of the Arab Muslim empire ?	Byzantine Empire	7
11987840866	For the period 600-1450, which class tended to be politically dominant in all states and empires ?	Land holding aristocrats	8
11987840867	What explains why Buddhism became so popular so quickly in China (and when did it happen) ?	period of disorder, personal religions get popular and it happened after the collapse of the Han dynasty	9
11987840868	Do you think merchants just forgot all about their own culture when they create "diaspora communities" in the places they trade with ?	no, when merchants created the communities, they would blend the cultures together	10
11987840869	what type of person (religion) dominated the Trans-Saharan trade ?	muslim / islam	11
11987840870	what caused a big decline in urban populations of Eurasia during the 14th century ?	bubonic plague	12
11987840871	How did Islam get into Southeast Asia ?	Muslim merchant traders through the Indian Ocean trade network	13
11987840872	what new type of coerced labor appeared in parts of Europe and East Asia from 600-1450 ?	serfdom	14
11987840873	what was probably the most important political and cultural change to Afro-Eurasia from 700 C.E to 1000 C.E ?	arrival of Islam and Arab empires	15
11987840874	in what major ways were the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean trade network different ?	the products were different since the routes were different	16
11987840875	what are coerced labor systems from the Americas ?	mit'a - Andes	17
11987840876	know that the Mongols made trade safer, cheaper, easier.	if the Mongol test questions have one of the three as answers, that's most likely the correct one	18
11987840877	when did the Black Death occur in Europe, and who is given credit for its spread ?	14th century by Mongols	19
11987840878	know the endpoints of the Silk Roads	from Rome to Eurasia (test will show a map)	20
11987840879	know which part of Eurasia was decentralized feudalism	Europe	21
11987840880	what types of philosophy was absorbed by Japan and China ?	confucianism and buddhism	22
11987840901	why was Silk Road trade a relay trade ?	goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route	23
11987840881	how did Buddhism change as it moved along the silk roads ?	bodhisattvas incorporated stories which turned them into bodhisattvas	24
11987840902	how did Chinese peasants respond to the growing importance of the Silk roads ?	chinese would become merchants	25
11987840882	what did you gain by participating in the tribute system with China ?	the opportunity to trade within China	26
11987840883	what was the lasting political contribution of the Tang and Song dynasties ?	set up the bureaucratic government that would last until the 1910's	27
11987840884	how was Japan's borrowing from China different from Korea and Vietnam's ?	Japan's was voluntary while Korea and Vietnam's was involuntary	28
11987840885	what caused the split between Sunni and Shia ?	who would be the new caliphate in charge (sunni -> anybody / shia -> blood related)	29
11987840886	how did the caliphs of the Abbasid differ from the Umayyad that preceded them ? (think of who was used in the government)	incorporated non-Arabs in the government	30
11987840887	in what basic way was Islam different to Hinduism when it came to the status of the common believer ?	islam -> equality amongst believers / hinduism -> no equality (had to be within hierarchical ranks)	31
11987840888	how big was the Umayyad Empire ?	from South Asia (india) to Spain	32
11987840889	how did Byzantine church structure differ from the Catholic West ? how would that affect the Kievan Rus ?	byzantine -> the emperor was also head of church / russians -> head of government is head of church	33
11987840890	what type of government structure was in place in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire ?	feudalism decentralized	34
11987840891	what finally finished off the Byzantine Empire (1453) ?	ottoman turks conquered Constantinople	35
11987840892	in Western Europe from 500 to 1300, what did the political rulers provide to the Church, and what did the Church provide to the political leaders ?	leaders protected the Church and the Church legitamitized the leaders	36
11987840893	what was the long term effect of the black death on Europe (especially in regard to labor) ?	serfdom declines and labor is now scarcity	37
11987840894	what did Temujin (Chinggis Khan) do with the warriors from defeated tribes ?	he incorporated defeated groups into his army	38
11987840895	why was promoting international commerce important to the Mongols ?	wanted to extract wealth from civilizations by taxing trade / had a trading background	39
11987840896	in which empire was the shia version of Islam made the official religion in the 16th century (rival to the ottoman) ?	safavid	40
11987840897	in what way (political) was the Inca Empire different from the Aztec Empire ?	Inca had a true bureaucracy to control subjects , Aztec used tribute system	41
11987840898	study early Arab empires (causation)	one SAQ question	42
11987840899	study Mongol Khanates (comparison)	one SAQ question	43

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Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter 11 Vocab Flashcards

Human Development Across the Life Span
on pages 416 to 467

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5775206390	Development	The sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.	0
5775206391	Zygote	A one-celled organism formed by the union of a sperm and an egg.	1
5775206392	Prenatal period	A time period between conception and birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.	2
5775206393	Germinal stage	The first phase of prenatal development, encompassing the first two weeks after conception.	3
5775206394	Placenta	A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother's bloodstream and bodily wastes pass out to the mother.	4
5775206395	Embryonic stage	The second stage of prenatal development, lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month.	5
5775206396	Fetal stage	The third stage of prenatal development, lasting from two months through birth.	6
5775206397	Age of viability	The age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.	7
5775206398	Fetal alcohol syndrome	A collection of congenital (inborn) problems associated with excessive alcohol use during pregnancy.	8
5775206399	Motor development	The progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities.	9
5775206400	Cephalocaudal trend	The head-to-foot direction of motor development.	10
5775206401	Proximodistal trend	The center-outward direction of motor development.	11
5775206402	Maturation	Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint.	12
5775206403	Developmental norms	The median age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities.	13
5775206404	Temperament	Characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity.	14
5775206405	Longitudinal design	Investigators observe one group of participants repeatedly over a period of time.	15
5775206406	Cross-sectional design	Investigators compare groups of participants of differing age at a single point in time.	16
5775206407	Attachment	The close, emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their caregivers.	17
5775206408	Separation anxiety	Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment.	18
5775206409	Stage	A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established.	19
5775206410	Cognitive development	Transitions in youngsters' patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving.	20
5775206411	Assimilation	Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing mental structures without changing them.	21
5775206412	Accommodation	Changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences.	22
5775206413	Object permanence	When a child recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible.	23
5775206414	Conservation	Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance.	24
5775206415	Centration	The tendency to focus on just one feature of the problem, neglecting other important aspects.	25
5775206416	Irreversibility	The inability to envision reversing an action.	26
5775206417	Egocentrism	In thinking, is characterized by a limited ability to share another person's viewpoint.	27
5775206418	Animism	The belief that all things are living.	28
5775206419	Zone of proximal development (ZPD)	The gap between what a learner can accomplish alone and what he or she can achieve with guidance from more skilled partners.	29
5775206420	Scaffolding	When the assistance provided to a child is adjusted as learning progresses.	30
5775206421	Habituation	A gradual reduction in the strength of a response when a stimulus event is presented repeatedly.	31
5775206422	Dishabitation	A new stimulus elicits an increase in the strength of an habituated response.	32
5775206423	Pubescence	The two-year span preceding puberty during which the changes leading to physical and sexual maturity take place.	33
5775206424	Secondary sex characteristics	Physical features that distinguish one sex from the other but that are not essential for reproduction.	34
5775206425	Puberty	The stage during which sexual functions reach maturity, which marks the beginning of adolescence.	35
5775206426	Primary sex characteristics	The structures necessary for reproduction.	36
5775206427	Menarche	The first occurrence of menstruation.	37
5775206428	Spermarche	The first occurrence of ejaculation.	38
5775206429	Midlife crisis	A difficult, turbulent period of doubts and reappraisal of one's life.	39
5775206430	Family life cycle	A sequence of stages that families tend to progress through.	40
5775206431	Dementia	An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive deficits that include memory impairment.	41
5775206432	Sex	Biologically based categories of female and male.	42
5775206433	Gender	Culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity.	43
5775206434	Gender stereotypes	Widely held beliefs about females' and males' abilities, personality traits, and social behavior.	44
5775206435	Gender differences	Actual disparities between the sexes in typical behavior or average ability.	45
5775206436	Socialization	The acquisition of the norms and behaviors expected of people in a particular society.	46
5775206437	Gender roles	Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.	47

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AP World History Midterm Flashcards

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11755721942	Venus Figurines	Small sculptures of women typically with exaggerated sexual features. Sculptures believed to have a deep interest in fertility and have interest of fecundity and the generation of new life. They were named after the goddess of love. Important because they depicted the importance of fertility and reproduction in early societies.	0
11755715107	Invention of Agriculture	Because of the Ice Age the Earth was colder and drier (arid) so there were random temperatures and amounts of rainfall. Agriculture was almost impossible until 15,000 years ago. Women started to cultivate food instead of forage and men began to capture and domesticate animals. In southwest Asia, 9000 BCE, people started cultivated wheat and barley while domestication sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. Important because it allowed people to build permanent settlement, led to population growth, improved life expectancy, and reliable food source. Eventually led to more specialized society (people could focus on other crafts rather than scavenge for food).	1
11755731770	Catal Huyuk	Located in South Central Anatolia (modern day Turkey) that was occupied from 7250-5400 BCE until it was abandoned. It grew to house 5,000 people and became a prominent village due to obsidian deposits that were throughout eastern Mediterranean region. Had many jobs and traded pottery, metallurgy, textile, and specialized labor. Important because it was the center of trade and depicted a society with specialized labor.	2
11755742449	Hittites	In 1900 BCE they migrated to the central plain of Anatolia. During the 17th and 16th centuries BCE they built a powerful kingdom and strong relations. in 1595 BCE they toppled the Babylonian empire. They constructed light, horse, war chariots with spoked wheels and refined iron. Excellent horsemen. Adapted cuneiform to their Indo-European language. Imported because they sponsored the use and expansion of light, speedy war chariots and iron metallurgy.	3
11755742450	Phoenicians	Occupied narrow coastal plain between the Mediterranean Sea and the Lebanon Mountains. Spoke Semitic language and called themselves Canaanites (because they lived in the land of Canaan). Influenced societies throughout the Mediterranean basin because of maritime trade and communication networks. Due to poor land, about 2500 BCE, they turned to industry and trade, exporting cedar wood and red and purple dye. By 1500 BCE they had devised an alphabetic script with 22 symbols and had lots of good ships. Excellent sailors. Important because they dominated Mediterranean trade and used the Mediterranean to influence other societies. Spread their alphabetic script to other societies.	4
11755749827	Epic of Gilgamesh	Made Gilgamesh the greatest hero of ancient Mesopotamia. It said the gods gave Gilgamesh the perfect body, superhuman strength, and courage. Told about adventures of him and his friend Enkidu. Reflected interest and concerns of the complex urban-based society emerging in Mesopotamia. Explored themes of friendship, loyalty, ambition, relations between humans and the gods, the meaning of life, and the inevitability of death. Important because they were the principal vehicles for Mesopotamian reflections on moral issues.	5
11755759095	Hyksos	"Foreign rulers." Brought horses and chariots to Egypt. Semitic people that were horse-riding nomads. Conquered Egypt in 1674 BCE and levied tribute until disgruntled nobles led a rebellion and pushed them out. Important because they provided Egypt with advanced military technology.	6
11755763230	Akhenaton	Previously called Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (reigned 1353-1335 BCE). Champion of the god Aten. Aten posed challenges to the cult of Amon-Re because they were both associated with the sun. Akhenaton considered Aten to be the only true god. Important because he supported one of the earliest forms of monotheism.	7
11756881181	Kush	After their kingdom of Ta-Seti was destroyed by Egyptians, the Nubians moved farther south to Upper Nubia to concentrate on political organization. They formed the Kush kingdom with its capital at Kerma. Not as powerful as Egypt, but still powerful and wealthy. The Kush served as mercenaries in Egyptian armies, married Egyptian women, and often assimilated into Egyptian society. Egypt eventually conquered the Kush, but the Kush soon formed a new Kush kingdom with its capital at Napata. This new kingdom was powerful enough to invade Egypt and ruled until the Assyrians arrived. Important because they produced and distributed iron and iron metallurgy techniques. They also depicted specialized society and the development of large cities in Ancient Africa. They also played a prominent role in Ancient African trade.	8
11756887845	Mohenjo-Daro	Located on the Indus River Valley. Result of agricultural surpluses in India. Did not dominate the Indus River Valley through force, but their influence was widespread. Population of 35,000-40,000. City walls, fortified citadel, large granary, marketplaces, temples, public buildings, extensive residential districts, broad streets, and a large pool. Important because it aided standardization of the Indus River Valley civilizations, stimulated trade, and represented the development of complex societies in Ancient India.	9
11756891493	Vedas		10
11756894581	Upanishads		11
11756894582	Loess		12
11756899347	Mandate of Heaven		13
11756907671	Period of Warring States		14
11756907672	Lapita		15
11756916971	Teotihuacan		16
11756916972	Popol Vuh		17
11756922214	Satrapies		18
11756926093	Zoroastrianism		19
11756930515	Qanat		20
11756935044	Confucius		21
11756939763	Legalism		22
11756939764	Qin Shihuangdi		23
11756956160	Ashoka		24
11756960019	Jainism		25
11756965291	Siddhartha Gautama		26
11756968991	Polis		27
11756968992	Solon		28
11756975002	Pericles		29
11756975003	Tribunes		30
11756979222	Punic Wars		31
11756979223	Pax Romana		32
11756986066	Monsoon System		33
11756986067	Silk Roads		34
11756991821	Constantine		35
11756991822	Grand Canal		36
11756997536	Equal-Field System		37
11756997537	Fast-Ripening Rice		38
11757002632	Five Pillars		39
11757002633	Caliph		40
11757007487	Al-Andalus		41
11757007488	Emporia		42
11757012169	Funan		43
11757012170	Delhi Sultanate		44
11757015297	Caesaropapism		45
11757020502	Theme System		46
11757024996	Battle of Tours		47
11757024997	Shamans		48
11757029932	Chinggis Khan		49
11757034869	Ilkhanate		50
11757034870	Kin-Based Society		51
11757038423	Kilwa		52
11757043084	Zanj Revolt		53
11757043085	Guilds		54
11757047867	Scholasticism		55
11757047868	Reconquista		56
11757051439	Chinampa		57
11757051440	Quipu		58
11757056854	Cahokia		59
11757064029	Bubonic Plague		60
11757067453	Yongle		61
11757067454	Renaissance		62

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AP world history midterm study Flashcards

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10511384537	North America		0
10511384538	Latin America		1
10511384539	North Africa		2
10511384540	Sub-Saharan Africa		3
10511384541	Eastern Europe		4
10511384542	Western Europe		5
10511384543	Middle East		6
10511384544	South Asia		7
10511384545	East Asia		8
10511384546	Southeast Asia		9
10511384547	Oceanic		10
10511384549	fall of the western roman empire	476 C.E.	11
10511384550	start of Islam	610 C.E.	12
10511384551	Black Death spreads to Europe to mongol controlled Silk Road Byzantine empire	1333-1351 C.E.	13
10511384552	Ottoman Turks take over Constantinople & rename it Istanbul	1453 C.E.	14
10511384553	Columbus sails ocean, trade goes world wide	1492 C.E.	15
10511384554	-mostly born into -rituals/priests important to both -patriarchal -method codes (Hinduism- karma, Judaism-10 commandments) -holy scriptures (Hinduism-Vedas, Judaism- Old Testament) -new religions will come out of both	similarities between Judaism & Hinduism	16
10511384555	-Judaism strictly monotheistic -Hinduism millions of dieties - ideas of reincardination in Hinduism -no beef in Hinduism -no pork in Judaism - caste system for Hinduism	differences between Judaism & Hinduism	17
10511384556	Lack of luxury	What does Spartan mean?	18
10511384557	all powerfull	What does omnipotent mean?	19
10511384558	-easy to practice -spreads on trade routes (silk & Indian Ocean) -appeals to lower class/ women -monastic communities - holy scriptures (Christianity- the Bible, Buddhism- the Dharma) -ethical codes (Christianity- 10 commandments, Buddhism- 4 noble truths)	Similarities between Christianity & Buddhism	20
10511384559	-Christianity monotheistic -Buddhism non-theistic -Main goal of Buddhism is Nirvana -Main goal of Christianity is Heaven -Buddha didn't see himself as divine	Differences between Christianity & Buddhism	21
10511384560	Muhammad	founder of Islam	22
10511384561	The Quran	textbook to Islam	23
10511384562	Sunni & Shi'ite	branches of Islam	24
10511384563	Mecca, Saudi Arabia	hearth of Islam	25
10511384564	Mosque	place of Islamic worship	26
10511384565	1 (monotheistic)	number of Gods in islam	27
10511384566	5 pillars 1. One god (allah) 2. Pray 5x a day 3. Giving alms 4. Ramadan feasting 5. Pilgrimage to Mecca	basic beliefs of Islam	28
10511384567	a religion, or an individual right/democracy	Confucianism is NOT	29
10511384568	Confucius	founder of Confucianism	30
10511384569	- importance of family - respect for elders - reverence for one's ancestors - do your duty - know your role - the golden rule ( do unto others as you would have the do unto you) - based on age, gender, status	main beliefs of Confucianism	31
10511384570	East Asia (china)	where was Confucianism predominate	32
10511384571	silk, porcelain, spices, olives, olive oil, cotton, textiles, tortures shells, ivory, gold, wine	Silk Road traded goods	33
10511384572	Measles, Small Pox, the Plague (Black Death), flu	Silk Road diseases	34
10511384573	Buddhism, Christianity, Islam	Silk Road religions	35
10511384574	stirrup	Silk Road technology	36
10511384575	Cities	_____ continue to grow because of the Silk Road.	37
10511384576	Changaan, Samarkand, Merv, etc.	Cities located on the Silk Road	38
10511384577	pepper, cotton goods, spices, silk, porcelain, ivory, rice, coffee, books, weapons	Indian Ocean Trade goods	39
10511384578	islam, Buddhism, some Christianity	Indian Ocean religions	40
10511384579	monsoon winds (dhow boat used for lateen sail)	Indian Ocean trade heavily relied on ______ _______ that were predictable to move them along the Ocean.	41
10511384580	gold, slaves, ivory, etc.	Saharan Trade traded goods	42
10511384581	enviromental changes	The Bantu people of Africa began their migrations due to _____ _____ in the area which is now the Sahara desert.	43
10511384582	music, dance, & language	Bantu cultural commonalities like _____, ____, & ______ were a major effect of the Bantu Migration.	44
10511384583	550 B.C.E.	Buddhism & Confucianism both began around _____.	45
10511384584	wealth	As monasteries popped up along the Silk Road, this caused an increase in ______.	46
10511384585	good fortune	People believed that donating money & gifts to the monks/montesaries would bring them _____ _____.	47
10511384586	Buddhism & ancestor worship	In China, it was common to see cultural syncretism between _____ & _____ _____.	48
10511384587	Buddhism	What religion was based on the idea of suffering?	49
10511384588	Tang (China)	What dynasty was based on testing with government civil examinations?	50
10511384589	holy war	Meaning of jihad	51
10511384590	Sharia	What was the daily law code for Islamic societies?	52
10511384591	gambling, pork, alcohol	What did Sharia law prohibit?	53
10511384592	leader of Islam	What is the Caliph?	54
10511384593	Sunni	90% of Islam population is _____.	55
10511384594	Caliph	The Sunni & Shiite argue over who should be the ______.	56
10511384595	Spain	What was the most dominant country in Europe in the 16th century (1500s)?	57
10511384596	600-1200 C.E.	When was the Early Middle Ages?	58
10511384597	Han	What Empire invented paper?	59
10511384598	slavery	The Roman empire was more heavily reliant on _____ than the Han because Roman agriculture was heavily reliant on slave labor for things like wine production & Han had technology like water mills for grinding grain.	60
10511384599	Paterfamilias	Roman ideas of ________(means of providing order in society) most closely resmebles patriarchal structures of Han China.	61
10511384600	Gupta	The _____ empire in India is most known for its contribution in the field of mathematics. (concept of zero, pi, & decimal point)	62
10511384601	border land invaders	The Gupta empire fell because of ______ _____ _____ known as the nomadic group called the White Huns.	63
10511384602	-centralized gov't -diplomacy (over 70 different ethnic groups) -infrastructure (Royal Road) -rural & engaged in agriculture & maintance of adequate water supply -established tax collecting system	Persian empire (600 B.CE.- 600 C.E.)	64
10511384603	-used Silk Road -infrastructure (roads & forts) -diplomacy (all citizens equal under law) -declined because of border land invaders -declines because of spread of disease -rule of law -1/3 of Empire was salves -produced wine & olive oil	Roman Empire (600 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.)	65
10511384604	-patriarchal -collapsed in 220 C.E. due to conflicts with peasants over land redistribution -invasion of border land nomadic Germanic & mongol tribes -used Silk Road -spread of disease declined empire -used iron tools	Han Empire (600 B.CE.- 600 C.E.)	66
10511384605	logic (use of reason)	Aristotle used ____.	67
10511384606	Muhammad	_____ tried helping women's treatment in Saudi Arabia with the Quran.	68
10511384607	-outlaw female infanticide (killing of baby girls) -brides, not husbands, claim dowries -get cash payment in divorce -own property	What did Muhammad do to help the status of women?	69
10511384608	male dominate	Even though Muhammad did improve the status of females, the Abbasid Empire was still _____ _____.	70
10511384609	veils	Islamic women wore _____ that were adopted from ancient Mesopotamia.	71
10511384610	algebra	Abbasid Empire furthered the Gupta's knowledge in mathematics & created _____.	72
10511384611	universities	Other empires got the idea of _______ from Abbasid Empire.	73
10511384612	Constantinople	The capital of the Byzantine empire was ______.	74
10511384613	orthodox Christianity	predominate religion in Byzantine Empire	75
10511384614	Islam	predominate religion in Abbasid Empire	76
10511384615	Byzantine	What Empire developed banking services?	77
10511384616	Justinian	The Byzantine Empire followed ____'s laws which was a body of civil law that was a revival of legal traditions of Rome.	78
10511384617	-developed compass -produced porcelain & steel in large quantities -champa rice grown that lead to increasing population -used Silk Road	Song Dynasty	79
10511384618	-footbinding -used Silk Road -began testing men with government civil examinations	Tang Dynasty	80
10511384619	-built on loyalty & military services -serfs, knights, lords, kings	feudalism in Western Europe	81
10511384620	-built on hereditary hierarchy -serfs, samurai, daimyo, emperor, shogun	feudalism in Japan	82
10511384621	1200-1450 C.E.	When was the Late Middle Ages?	83
10511384622	secured	The Mongols ______ the Silk Road.	84
10511384623	Mongols	The ______ traditionally rode horses while being able to shoot arrows.	85
10511384624	conquered	The Mongols often incorporated weapons from people they ______.	86
10511384625	Mongols	The _____ had a unified army of 100,000 in north China & Central Asia.	87
10511384626	Russia	The Mongols were interested in obtaining taxes/tribute from Russian princes like Alexander Nevsky & ruled ______ from "a far".	88
10511384627	cannon	What gunpowder based weapon is considered a Mongol invention?	89
10511384628	World War ll	The only conflict in world history that killed more people than the Mongol conquests was _____ ____ __.	90
10511384629	Mansa Musa	King _____ _____ went on a pilgrimage to Mecca & along the way gave out so much gold that it brought the value of gold down. Upon his return from his pillgrimage, he built mosques & promoted Islam.	91
10511384630	Timbuktu (became center of Islamic learning)	West African city in Mali	92
10511384631	gold	What was the most precious commodity in West African trade?	93
10511384632	made up of Bantu & some Arabic	The Swahili coast (East Africa) language	94
10511384633	Islamic	The Swahili coast (East Africa) was perdominately _____.	95
10511384634	Mexico (Latin America/Mesoamerica)	Where was the Aztec empire located?	96
10511384635	chinamapas	The Aztec empire used ______ which were floating gardens that increased the amount of space for food production.	97
10511384636	corn, beans, squash, chilli peppers	key crops Aztec empire grew	98
10511384637	They believed that the gods had sacrificed themselves in order to create the world, so human sacrifice & blood was repayment for human sin.	why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice?	99
10511384638	wheeled vehicles & pack animals	The Aztecs did NOT have _____ _____ & ______ _____.	100
10511384639	Aztec	The ______ empire used trade routes made by the Maya & others plus the Pacific, Caribbean, & Gulf Coasts.	101
10511384640	cloth, cacao, rubber balls, etc.	traded goods of Aztecs	102
10511384641	Mayans & Azetcs	The ______ & _____ both used hyrogliphics as a writing system.	103
10511384642	Chocolate	____ was a good unique to Americas.	104
10511384643	Mexico	Where was Mayan Empire located?	105
10511384644	Peru	Where was the Incan empire located?	106
10511384645	civil war weakened inca empire, disease, & Spanish enslaving natives	What factors caused the Incas to fall to the Spanish?	107
10511384646	1300-1450	What was the time period of the Aztec Empire?	108
10511384647	1300-1450	What was the time period of the Incan Empire?	109
10511384648	Martin Luther	_____ ____ attacked Catholic Roman Church practices because he was upset they were settling indolences.	110
10511384649	Lutheranism	_____ becomes first Protestant faith because of Martin Luther.	111
10511384650	King Henry Vlll	____ ____ ___ broke away from Catholic Church & formed Church of England (Anglican church) in mid 16th century (1560) because they would not let him divorce.	112
10511384651	-priests could marry -priest projecting more power than they had -people should be able to read bible in their language (not just Latin)	Key beliefs of Martin Luther	113
10511384652	Spain, Portugal, Great Britain, France, & Holland	5 European countries established Maritime/sea based empires	114
10511384653	India	Where did Vasco Da Gama go?	115
10511384654	"God, glory, & gold"	Motives for European exploration	116
10511384655	Indonesia	Where did Afonso de Albuquerque establish trade?	117
10511384656	India & Indonesia	Where did Dutch establish trade in Indian Ocean?	118
10511384657	France & England	What 2 countries were competing for trade in North America?	119
10511384658	India	The British East India Company was located in ____. (1st example of joint stock company)	120
10511384659	Indonesia	The Dutch East Indies Company located in ____.	121
10511384660	Sugarcane	What cash crop did the Portuguese cultivate in Brazil?	122
10511384661	often worked to death by Portuguese	How were the slaves treated in producing Sugarcane?	123
10511384662	Native Americans	Small pox, measles, & influenza killed anywhere from 50-90% of _____ _______.	124
10511384663	Silver	What metal made the Spanish empire wealthy?	125
10511384664	Mexico, Cuba	Spain colonized	126
10511384665	Montreal (Canada), Haiti	France colonized	127
10511384666	13 colonies, Jamaica	England colonized	128
10511384667	Brazil	Portugal colonized	129
10511384668	wheat, grapes, okra, sugar, rice, barley, oranges, lettuce, coffee	Columbian Exchange (From Afro-Eurasia to Americas) plants	130
10511384669	pigs, cows, horses, oxen, chickens, sheep, goats, rats	Columbian Exchange (From Afro-Eurasia to Americas) animals	131
10511384670	Bubonic Plague, typhus, influenza, measles, small pox	Columbian Exchange (from Afro-Eurasia to Americas) disease	132
10511384671	written alphabet, farming technology, architecture, corporate structure	Columbian Exchange (from Afro-Eurasia to Americas) technologies/ideas	133
10511384672	potatoes, tomatoes, beans, corn, peppers, yams, manioc, chocolate, tobacco, avocado, maize, squash, vanilla	Columbian Exchange (from Americas to Afro-Eurasia) plants	134
10511384673	turkeys, llamas, alpacas, guinea pigs	Columbian Exchange (from Americas to Afro-Eurasia) animals	135
10511384674	syphilis	Columbian Exchange (from Americas to Afro-Eurasia) disease	136
10511384675	rubber, quinine	Columbian Exchange (from Americas to Afro-Eurasia) technologies/ideas	137
10511384676	Atlantic System/ Triangular trade	Europe --> Africa (guns, rum) Africa --> Americas (slaves) "middle passage" Americas --> Europe (sugar, tobacco, coffee, sliver)	138
10511384548	Atlantic system/ Triangular Trade		139
10511384677	silver	The currency in 1450-1750 was _____.	140
10511384678	Dutch	Japan banned all foreigners from entering except the ____ because they were strictly business & did not try to preach.	141
10511384679	Islam (Muslims)	Indonesia predominate religion	142
10511384680	Ottoman	The _____ empire took over Constantinople & remained it Istanbul.	143
10511384681	Christian boys who were subjects of empire were recruited by force to serve ottoman government, convert to Islam, & taught skills	(Ottoman Empire) describe devshirme system	144
10511384682	free peasants	Most agriculture laborers in the Ottoman empire were ____ _____.	145
10511384683	famous group that formed elite forces in Ottoman Empire	who were the Janissaries?	146
10511384684	Ottoman & Mughal	gunpowder empires in Islamic world	147
10511384685	Akbar	_____ defeated Hindu armies & extended Mughal Empire southward & westward, established efficient government & system of laws, paid gov't officials in charge of specific duties, & tolerated all religions.	148
10511384686	Sati & child marriages	what 2 traditional behaviors toward women did Akbar try to outlaw?	149
10511384687	Babur	Who started the Mughal empire in India?	150
10511384688	coffee & tobacco	_____ & _____ were goods important in Ottoman Empire.	151
10511384689	Christians, Jews	What religious groups allowed for religious diversity in Ottoman Empire?	152
10511384690	Hindus, Jains, Zoroastrians, Christians, Sikhs	What religious groups allowed for religious diversity in Mughal Empire?	153
10511384691	Islam	The Mughal & Ottoman empires were both strong in _____.	154
10511384692	blue mosques & topkapi palace	monumental architecture in Ottoman Empire	155
10511384693	Taj Mahal	monumental architecture in Mughal empire	156
10511384694	Hindu	The Mughal empire in India can be best described as a system in which an Islamic minority rules over a _____ majority.	157
10511384695	Central Asia	Both Ottoman & Mughal empires were established by skilled warriors on horseback who came originally from ____ ____.	158
10511384696	administrative government	Both Ottoman & Mughal empires had efficient _______ _____ structures that help them rule their lands.	159
10511384697	pashas	The Ottoman central government appointed officials called _____ to help run districts within the empire.	160
10511384698	Anatolian peninsula	In the late 13th century, the Ottoman Turks under the leader of Osman began to build power in the northwest corner of the _____ _____.	161
10511384699	unity	The Mughals brought an era of ____ to the subcontinent of India in the 1600s.	162

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AP World History Unit 2 Flashcards

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12052114214	Persian Empire	Empire represented in this map	0
12052114215	Athens	First recorded democracy ever established. Direct democracy with juries of up to 2,500 people. Had to be an 18 year old male with Athenian parents to rule.	1
12052114216	Hellenism	Civilizations represented on this map	2
12052114217	Alexander the Great	Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.	3
12052114218	Qin Shihuangdi	(r.221-210 BCE) The emperor who unified China and established the first dynasty of a unified empire.	4
12052114219	Han Dynasty	(202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the previous dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Its rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity	5
12052114220	Mauryan Dynasty	322-185 BCE. The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent.	6
12052114221	Ashoka	Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (r. 270-232 B.C.E.). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing.	7
12052114222	Confucianism	Chinese ethical and philosophical system. It sought to minimize conflicts by stressing obedience to superiors, reverence for elder family members, and honoring of ancestors	8
12052114223	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism.	9
12052114224	Upanishads	A collection of over two hundred texts composed between 900 and 200 BC that provide philosophical commentary on the Vedas	10
12052114225	Zoroastrianism	One of the first monotheistic religions, particularly one with a wide following. It was central to the political and religious culture of ancient Persia. A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail.	11
12052114226	Judaism	A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with a covenant between God and Abraham and his descendants the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. Holy Book is the Torah	12
12052114227	Greek Rationalism	A secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in the period 600 B.C.E. to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.	13
12052114228	Socrates	(470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. He taught students to question everything until a reasonable conclusion could be arrived at. Sentenced to death for corrupting young minds.	14
12052114229	Jesus of Nazareth	Founder of Christianity. His teachings were based on Judaism but eventually became a separate faith and spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.	15
12052114230	Yellow Turban Rebellion	A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.	16
12052114231	caste	distinct social class grouping; in India, Varna consisted of four classes that people were born into for life	17
12052114252	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Between 550 and 530 B.C.E. he conquered Media, Lydia, and Babylon. He allowed the Jews to return to their homeland	18
12052114253	Darius	Persian ruler who brought order to the Persian Empire. He also built roads; established a postal system; and standardized weights, measures, and coinage.	19
12052114254	Persian	Of or relating to Iran or its people or language or culture	20
12052114255	Satraps	under Darius's rule these were known as governors who ruled the provinces. They collected taxes, served as judges, and put down rebellions	21
12052114256	Persian Wars	Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. (131)	22
12052114257	Ahura Mazda	Main god of Zoroastrianism who represented truth and goodness and was perceived to be in an eternal struggle with the malign spirit angra mainyu.	23
12052114258	Angra Mainyu	evil spirit in zoroastrianism, the explanation for the presence of evil in the world	24
12052114259	Laozi	Chinese Daoist philosopher; taught that governments were of secondary importance and recommended retreat from society into nature.	25
12052114260	Han Wudi	The most important Han Emperor: expanded the Empire in all directions; created the Civil Service System based upon Confucian learning; established Imperial University; promoted the Silk Roads	26
12052114261	Daoism	Chinese School of Thought: Daoists believe that the world is always changing and is devoid of absolute morality or meaning. They accept the world as they find it, avoid futile struggles, and deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or 'path' of nature.	27
12052114262	Legalism	In China, a political philosophy that emphasized the unruliness of human nature and justified state coercion and control. The Qin ruling class invoked it to validate the authoritarian nature of their regime. (p.52)	28
12052114263	Qin Dynasty	The dynasty that replaced the Zhou dynasty and employed Legalist ideas in order to control warring states and unify the country.	29
12052114264	Han dynasty	A great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles. Han rulers chose officials on merit rather than birth. It was a time of prosperity	30
12052114265	Chandragupta Maurya	He founded India's first empire (Mauryan). He was an Indian prince who conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley soon after Alexander invaded western India.	31
12052114266	Chandra Gupta	Laid the foundations for the Gupta empire, he forged alliances with powerful families in the Ganges Region and established a dynamic kingdom about the year 320 C.E. Golden Age	32
12052114267	Siddhartha Gautama	founder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha	33
12052114268	Gupta Empire	Powerful Indian state based, like its Mauryan predecessor, in the Ganges Valley. It controlled most of the Indian subcontinent through a combination of military force and its prestige as a center of sophisticated culture. Golden Age	34
12052114269	Huns	Nomadic invaders from central Asia; invaded India; disrupted Gupta administration (Overthrew Gupta)	35
12052114270	Buddhism	a world religion or philosophy based on the teaching of the Buddha and holding that a state of enlightenment can be attained by suppressing worldly desire	36
12052114271	Homer	ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)	37
12052114272	Plato	Philosopher (429 BC-347 BC) who studied under Socrates and questioned reality. He believed that ideal forms existed on a separate plane than our conception of reality. In his work the Republic, he described an ideal society, in which philosopher-kings would rule and everyone would be given jobs based on their talents. He also creates the Academy, an ancient school of philosophy.	38
12052114273	Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system.	39
12052114274	polis	Greek word for city-state	40
12052114275	Sparta	Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts	41
12052114276	Delian League	An alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians	42
12052114277	Peloponnesian War	a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta	43
12052114278	Hellenistic Age	Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great. The period ended with the fall of the last major Hellenistic kingdom to Rome, but Greek cultural influence persisted until the spread of Islam.	44
12052114279	Ptolemaic Empire	The Hellenistic empire in Egypt area after Alexander's death; created by Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals.	45
12052114280	Seleucid Empire	The empire in Syria, Persia, and Bactria after the breakup of Alexander's empire.	46
12052114281	Julius Caesar	Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power	47
12052114282	Augustus Caesar	The first empreror of Rome, the adopted son of Julius Caesar, help Rome come into Pax Romana, or the Age of Roman Peace	48
12052114283	Punic War	one of the three wars between Carthage and Rome that resulted in the destruction of Carthage and its annexation by Rome	49
12052114284	Twelve tables	the earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law	50
12052114285	Patricians	A member of one of the noble families of the ancient Roman Republic, which before the third century B.C. had exclusive rights to the Senate and the magistracies.	51
12052114286	Plebeians	Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders	52
12052114287	Constantine	Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)	53
12052114288	Silk roads	Trade routes stretching from China to the Mediterranean, which allowed for the exchange of goods and ideas from China to the Roman Empire	54
12052114232	Qanats	Underground irrigation systems developed by Persians	55
12052114233	Aquaducts	Above ground structures that piped in fresh drinking water to public fountains in Roman Empire	56
12052114234	concrete	Roman innovation that aided construction of large-scale projects.	57
12052114235	Paul of Tarsus	One of the most important apostles who is largely responsible for the spread of Christianity around the Mediterranean World in the 1st century.	58
12052114236	Stepwells	an innovation of the gupta empire that allowed for the storage of fresh drinking water in a fashion that minimized evaporation.	59
12052114237	Jati	a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are thousands throughout India; a special characteristic is often the exclusive occupation of its male members (such as barber or potter)	60
12052114238	filial piety	The Confucian belief that one should obey older family members and pay respect to ancesters.	61
12052114239	Shudra	The serving class, the lowest caste in Hinduism before the creation of the untouchables	62
12052114240	Four Noble Truths	The Buddhist beliefs that all life is a cycle of suffering, the cause of suffering is desires for worldly pleasures, and that the cycle of suffering will not be broken until a person escapes re-birth through a process of Enlightenment.	63
12052114241	Brahma	In Hinduism, a universal spirit believed to be the origin of everything.	64
12052114242	stupa	Buddhist shrines, usually believed to hold holy relics.	65
12052114243	synchretism	when elements of two or more cultures blend together	66
12052114244	boddisattva	In Buddhism, a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so to remain on earth as a spiritual guide to others.	67
12052114245	ganges	A holy river in Hinduism	68
12052114246	Persepolis	The city created by Darius the Great as the grand capital of the Achaemenid Empire.	69
12052114247	Pataliputra	Large city along the Ganges River which was the capital of the Mauyaran Empire	70
12052114248	Constantinople	Large Roman trading city located on the straits between the Black and Mediterranean Seas.	71
12052114249	Peter	Established an early Christian Church in Rome. Viewed by Christians as the first Pope.	72
12052114250	ascetic	someone who forgoes traditional desires such as food, sex, and shelter-usually for religious reasons.	73
12052114251	cynicism	a Hellenistic philosophical movement that rejected material wealth and traditional authority.	74

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AP World History Chapter 12 Vocabulary Flashcards

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12043724077	Aztec Empire	Major state that developed in what is now Mexico in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; dominated by the seminomadic Mexica, who had migrated into the region from northern Mexico.	0
12043724078	Seizure of Constantinople (1453)	Constantinople, the capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, an event that marked the end of Christian Byzantium.	1
12043724079	European Renaissance	A "rebirth" of classical learning that is most often associated with the cultural blossoming of Italy in the period 1350-1500 and that included not just a rediscovery of Greek learning but also major developments in art, as well as growing secularism in society.	2
12043724080	Fulbe	West Africa's largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that led to the creation of a number of new states. (pron. FULL-bay)	3
12043724081	Igbo	People whose lands were east of the Niger River in what is now southern Nigeria in West Africa; they built a complex society that rejected kingship and centralized statehood and relied on other institutions to provide social coherence. (pron. EE-boh)	4
12043724082	Inca Empire	The Western Hemisphere's largest imperial state in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries; built by a relatively small community of Quechua-speaking people (the Inca), the empire stretched some 2,500 miles along the Andes Mountains, which run nearly the entire length of the west coast of South America, and contained perhaps 10 million subjects.	5
12043724083	Iroquois League of Five Nations	Confederation of five Iroquois peoples in what is now New York State; the loose alliance was based on the Great Law of Peace, an agreement to settle disputes peacefully through a council of clan leaders. (pron. IR-oh-kwoy)	6
12043724084	Malacca	Muslim port city that came to prominence on the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya in the fifteenth century C.E.; it was the springboard for the spread of a syncretic form ofIslam throughout the region. (pron. mah-LAH-kah)	7
12043724085	Ming dynasty	Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols;noted for its return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols.	8
12043724086	Mughal Empire	One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by an Islamized Turkic group that invaded India in 1526; the Mughals' rule was noted for their efforts to create partnerships between Hindus and Muslims. (pron. MOO-guhl)	9
12043724088	Ottoman Empire	Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa.	10
12043724089	Paleolithic persistence	The continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance.	11
12043724090	pochteca	Professional merchants in the Aztec Empire whose wealth often elevated them to elite status. (pron. poch-TAY-kah)	12
12043724091	Safavid Empire	Major Turkic empire of Persia founded in the early sixteenth century, notable for its efforts to convert its populace to Shia Islam. (pron. SAH-fah-vid)	13
12043724092	Songhay Empire	Major Islamic state of West Africa that formed in the second half of the fifteenth century. (pron. song-GAH-ee)	14
12043724093	Timbuktu	Great city of West Africa, noted in the fourteenth-sixteenth centuries as a center of Islamic scholarship. (pron. tim-buk-TOO)	15
12043724094	Timur	Turkic warrior (1336-1405), also known as Tamerlane, whose efforts to restore the Mongol Empire devastated much of Persia, Russia, and India. (pron. tem-EER)	16
12043724095	Zheng He	Great Chinese admiral (1371-1433) who commanded a fleet of more than 300 ships in a series of voyages of contact and exploration that began in 1405. (pron. jung huh)	17

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AP Literature Allusions Flashcards

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7814759957	Achilles' heel	today, one spot that is most vulnerable; one weakness a person may have. He was invulnerable except for his heel.	0
7814759958	Adonis	handsome young man; Aphrodite loved him	1
7814759959	Aeolian	anything pertaining to wind; god who was Keeper of Wind	2
7814759960	Apollo	a physically perfect male; the God of music and light, known for his physical beauty	3
7814759961	Argus-eyed	omniscient, all-seeing; was a monster that Hera had guarding Io	4
7814759962	Athena/Minerva	goddess of wisdom, the city, and arts	5
7814759963	Atlantean	strong like Atlas- who carried the globe on his shoulders	6
7814759964	Aurora	early morning or sunrise; from the Roman personification of Dawn or Eos	7
7814759965	Bacchanal	noun. wild, drunken party or rowdy celebration	8
7814759966	Bacchanalian	adjective. pertaining to a wild, drunken party or celebration from god of Wine	9
7814759967	Calliope	series of whistles- circus organ; from the Muse of eloquence or beautiful voice	10
7814759968	Cassandra	a person who continually predicts misfortune but often is not believed; from Greek legends: a daughter of Priam cursed by Apollo for not returning his love, he left her with the gift of prophecy but made it so no one would believe her	11
7814759969	Centaur	a monster that has the head, arms, and chest of a man, and the body and legs of a horse	12
7814759970	Chimera	a horrible creature of the imagination, an absurd or impossible idea; wild fanc; a monster with a lion's head, a goat's body, and a serpent's tail, supposed to breathe out fire	13
7814759971	Cupidity	eager "desire" to possess something; greed or avarive; Roman god of love (Greek name is Eros)	14
7814759972	Erotic	of or having to do with sexual passion or love	15
7814759973	Furor	wild enthusiasm or excitement, rage, fury	16
7814759974	Gorgon	a very ugly or terrible person, especially a repulsive woman; Medusa, any one of three sisters have snakes for hair and faces so horrible that anone who looked at them turned to stone	17
7814759975	Halcyon	calm, peaceful, trainquil; Archaic bird supposed to breed in a nest on the sea and calm the water, identified with the kingfisher	18
7814759976	Harpy	a predatory person or nagging woman; a foul creature that was part woman, part bird	19
7814759977	Hector	to bully; was the son of Priam (king of Troy) and the bravest Trojan warrior. Killed Achilles' friend Patroclus	20
7814759978	Helen (of troy)	a specialist of language or culture in Greece; symbol of a beautiful woman; was the daughter of Leda and Zeus- the cause of the Trojan War	21
7814759979	Herculean	very strong or of extraordinary power; was the son of Zeus, he performed the 12 labors imposed by Hera	22
7814759980	Hydra-Headed	having many centers or branches, hard to bring under control; something bad you cannot eradicate; was a 9-headed serpent that was sacred to Hera, Hercules killed him in one of the 12 labors	23
7814759981	Iridescent	a play of colors producing rainbow effects; was the goddess of the rainbow	24
7814759982	Jovial	good humored; used to express surprise or agreement	25
7814759983	Jonoesque	marked by stately beauty; wife of Jupiter the Goddess of light, birth, women and marriage	26
7814759984	Lethargy	abnormal drowsiness or intertia; from a river in Hades that caused drinkers to forget their past	27
7814759985	Martial	suited for war or a warrior; from the Roman God of War	28
7814759986	Medea	sorceress or enchantress; heldped Jason and the Argonauts capture the Golden Fleece, known for her revenge against Jason when he spurned her for the princess of Corinth	29
7814759987	Mentor	a trusted counselor or guide; a friend of Odysseus' son, who was entrusted with his education	30
7814759988	Mercurial	suddenly cranky or changeable	31
7814759989	Mercury/Hermes	a carrier or tidings, a newsboy, a messenger; messenger of the gods, conductor of souls to the lower world, and gold of eloquence; the fabled inventor, wore winged hat and sandals	32
7814759990	Mnemonics	a device used to aid memory; the personification of memory who gave birth to the nine Muses, who supposedly gave good memory in story telling	33
7814759991	Morphine	a bitter white, crystalline alkaloid used to relieve pain and induce sleep; was a god that could easily change shape or form	34
7814759992	Muse	some creature of inspiration;daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus, divine singers that presided over thought in all its forms	35
7814759993	Narcissism	being in love with our own self image; a handsome young man who despised love, Echo (a nypmh) who was in love with him was rejected and decreed, "Let he who loves not others, love himself." Hearing this, he fell in love with his image, while gazing in a pond, and drowned himself trying to capture it	36
7814759994	Nemesis	just punishment, one who inflicts due punishment; goddess who punishes crime, but more often she is the power charged with curbing all excess, such as excessive good fortune or arrogant pride	37
7814759995	Neptune	the sea personified; the Roman god associated with Poseidon, god of the water and oceans	38
7814759996	Niobe	mournful woman; her children were slain by Apollo and Artemis because of her bragging, the gods pitied her and turned her into a rock that was always wet from weeping	39
7814759997	Odyssey	a long journey; named for a character in the epic by Homer. He makes his long journey back from the Trojan War, encountering several obstacles along the way	40
7814759998	Olympian	majestic in manner, superior to mundane affairs; any participant in the ancient or modern games;	41
7814759999	Paean	a song of joy; a ritual epithet of Apollo the healer. In Homeric poems was an independent god of healing when the latter was wounded	42
7814760000	Pandora's Box	something that opens the door for bad occurences, opened by someone known for curiosity; named after the one who was the first mortal, sent by Zeus, to punish man for Prometheus' theft of fire. For her curiosity, Zeus gave her all human ills in the world, leaving only hope at the bottom	43
7814760001	Parnassus	Mountain was sacred to arts and literature; any center of poetic or artistic activity; poetry or poets collectively; named after the hero, the son of Poseidon and a nymph, who founded the oracle of Python, which was later occupied by Apollo	44
7814760002	Pegasus	poetic inspiration; named after a winged horse which sprang from the blood Medusa at her death; a stamp of his hoof caused Hippocrene, the fountain of the Muses, to issue poetic inspiration from Mount Helicon	45
7814760003	Phoenix	a symbol of immortality or rebirth; a long bird which lived in the Arabian desert and then consumed itself in fire, rising renewed from the flame to start another long life	46
7814760004	Plutocracy	a government by the wealthy; he was originally the god of the fields because the ground was the source of all wealth, ores and jewels	47
7814760005	Promethean	life-bringing, creative, or courageously orginal; named after a Titan who brought man the use of fire which he had stolen from heaven for their benefit	48
7814760006	Protean	taking many forms, versatile; named after a god of the sea, charged with tending the flocks of the sea creatures belonging to Poseidon. He had the ability to change himself into whatever form he desired, using this power particularly when he wanted to elude those asking him questions	49
7814760007	Psyche	the human soul, self, the mind; named after a maiden who, after undergoing many hardships due to Aphrodite's jealousy, reunited with Cupid and was made immortal by Jupiter, she personifies the soul joined to the heart of love	50
7814760008	Pygmalion	someone (usually a male) who tries to fashion someone into the person he desires; from a myth adapted into a play by George Bernard Shaw; a woman-hating sculptor who makes a female figure of ivory who Aphrodite brings to life for him	51
7814760009	Pyrrhic victory	a too costly victory; named after a Greek king who defeated the Romans in 279 BC, but suffered extermely heavy losses in the fight	52
7814760010	Saturnalia	a period of unrestrained revelry; named after an ancient Roman festival with general feasting in revelry in honor of the winter solstice	53
7814760011	Saturnine	sluggish, gloomy, morose, inactive in winter months, name for a god often associated with the god of the Underworld	54
7814760012	Sibyl	a witch or sorceress; a priestess who made known the oracles of Apollo and possessed the gift of prophecy	55
7814760013	Sisyphean	gready and avaricious; from the shrewd and greedy king of Cornith who was doomed forever in Hades to roll uphill a heavy stone, which always rolled down again	56
7814760014	Stentorian	having a loud voice; named after a character in the Iliad who could shout as loudly as 50 men. He engaged in a shouting match against Hermes and was put to death after losing	57
7814760015	Stygian	dark and gloomy; named after a river in the Underworld. The water is poisonous for human and cattle and said to break iron, metal and potter, though it is said a horse's hoof is unharmed by it	58
7814760016	Tantalize	from a King who reigned on Mt. Sipylus and was condemned to reside in a beautiful river with sumptuous fruits just out of reach and the water undrinkable, always tempting him as punishment for excessive pride (he boiled his son and fed the broth to trick the gods)	59
7814760017	Terpsichorean	pertaining to dance; named after one of the nine muses, sometimes said to be the mother of the sirens and the protector of dance	60
7814760018	Titanic	large, grand, enormous; named after a giant- the sone of Zeus and Elara. His body covers two acres; or named after the offspring of Chronus and Rhea, who went to war against Zeus and the other Olympian gods	61
7814760019	Volcanoes	originated from the Roman god of fire, whose forge is said to be under mountains	62
7814760020	Vulcanize	to treat rubber with sulfur to increase strength and elasticity; from the Roman God of Fore and Mettalurgy	63
7814760021	Zeus	a powerful man; king of the gods, ruler of Mt. Olympus, vengful hurler of thunderbolts	64
7814760022	Babbitt	a self-satisfied person concerned chiefly with business and middle-class ideals like material success; a member of the American working class whose unthinking attachment to its business and social ideals is such to make him a model of narrow-mindedness and self-satisfaction; named after the main character in a novel by Sinclair Lewis	65
7814760023	Brobdingnagian	gigantic, enormous, on a large scale, enlarged; named after the land of giants visited by Gulliver in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathon Swift	66
7814760024	Bumble	to speak or behave clumsily or faltering, to make a humming or droning sound; a clubsy religious figure in a work of literature	67
7814760025	Cinderella	one who gains affluence or recognition after obscurity and neglect, a person or thing whose beauty or worth remains unrecognized; after the fairy-tale heroine who escapes from a life of drudgery through the intervention of a fairy godmother and marries a handsome prince	68
7814760026	Don Juan	a libertine, profligate, a man obsessed with seducing women; named after the legendary 14th century Spanish nobleman and libertine character	69
7814760027	Don Quixote	someone overly idealistic to the point of having impossible dreams; from the crazed and impoverished Spanish noble who sets out to revive the glory of knighthood, romanticized in the musical The Man of La Mancha based on the story by Cervantes	70
7814760028	Panglossian	blindly or misleadinngly optimistic; after a character in Candide by Voltair, a pedantic old tutor	71
7814760029	Falstaffian	full of wit and bawdy humor; named after a fat, sensual, boastful, and mendacious knight who was the companion of Henry, Prince of Wales	72
7814760030	Frankenstein	anything that threatens or destroys its creator, from the young scientist in Mary Shelley's novel of this name, who creates a monster that eventually destroys him	73
7814760031	Friday	a faithful and willing attendant, ready to turn his hand to anything; from the young savage found by Robinson Crusoe and kept as his servant and companion on the desert island	74
7814760032	Galahad	a pure and noble man with limited ambition; in the legends of King Arthur, the purest and most virtous knight of the Round Table, the only knight to find the Holy Grail	75
7814760033	Jekyll and Hyde	a capricious person with two sides to his/her personality; from a character in a novel who had a split personality (one good and one evil)	76
7814760034	Lilliputian	descriptive of a very small person or of something diminutive, trivial or petty; after the tiny people in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathon Swift	77
7814760035	Little Lord Fauntleroy	refers either to a certain type of children's clothing or to a beautiful, but pampered and effeminate small boy; from a work in Frances H. Burnett, the main character, 7 year old Cedric Errol was a striking figure, dressed in black velevet with a lace collar and yellow curls	78
7814760036	Lothario	used to describe a man whose chief interest is seducing a woman; from the play The Fiar Penitent by Nicholas Rowe, the main character and seducer	79
7814760037	Malapropism	the usually unintentional humorous misuse or distortion of a word or phrase, especially the use of a word sounding somewhat like the one intended, but ludicrously wrong in context; named after a character noted for her misuse of words in R.B. Sheridan's comedy The Rivals	80
7814760038	Milquetoast	a timid, weak, or unassertive person; from a comic strip character created by H.T. Webster	81
7814760039	Pickwickian	humorous, sometimes derogatory; from character in a Charles Dickens' novel	82
7814760040	Pollyanna	a person characterized by impermissible optimism and a tendency to find good in everything, a foolishly or blindly optimistic person; from Eleanor Porter's heronine in her novel	83
7814760041	Pooh-bah	a pompous, ostentatious official, especially one who, holding many offices, fulfills none of them; a person who holds high office; after a character in The Mikado, a musical by Gilbert and Sullivan	84
7814760042	Quixotic	having foolish and impractical ideas of honor, or schemes for the general good; after a half-crazy reformer and knight of the supposed distressed	85
7814760043	Robot	a machine that looks like a human being and performs various acts of a human being, a similar but functional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized by an efficient, insensitive person who functions automatically, a mechanism guided by controls from a Karel Capek novel	86
7814760044	Rodomontade	bluster and boasting; to boast; from a brave but braggart knight in Bojardo's Orlando Inamorato; King of Sarza or Algiers, son of Ulteus, and commander of both horse and foot in the Saracen Army	87
7814760045	Scrooge	a bitter and/or greedy person; from Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, an elderly stingy miser who is given a reality check by three visiting ghosts	88
7814760046	Simon Legree	a harsh, cruel, or demanding person in authority, such as an employer or officer that acts in this manner; form Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Ward, the brutal slave overseer	89
7814760047	Svengali	a person with an irresistible hypnotic power; from a person in a novel written in 1894 by George Maueriers; a musician who hynotizes and gains control over the heroine	90
7814760048	Tartuffe	hypocrite or someone who is hypocritical; central charcter in a comedy by Moliere produced in 1667 who was famous for his hypocritical piety	91
7814760049	Uncle Tom	someone thought to have the timid service attitude like that of a slave to his owner; from the humble, pious, long-suffering Negro slave in a novel by abolitionist writer Stowe	92
7814760050	Uriah Heep	a fawning toadie, an obsequious person; from a character in Charles Dickens' David Copperfield	93
7814760051	Walter Mitty	a commonplace non-adventuresome person who seeks escape from reality through daydreaming; a henpecked husband or dreamer, aftera daydreaming henpecked "hero" in a story by James Thurber	94
7814760052	Yahoo	a boorish, crass, or stupid person; from a member of the race of brutes in Swift's Gulliver's Travels who have the form and all the vices of humans	95
7814760053	Absolom	a son who brings heartache to his father; from the third son of David, King of Israel. Exiled for 3 years before he was allowed to return to the court or see his royal father, he plotted to cause a rebellion against his father to overtake the kingdom because he heard Soloman was to succeed David. When he was killed in battle, King David grieved for his son in spite of his treachery against him	96
7814760054	Alpha and Omega	the beginning and the end, from a quote in Revelations in the New Testament	97
7814760055	Cain	a brother who kills a brother; from the story of Adam and Eve's son who killed his brother Abel out of jealousy	98
7814760056	Daniel	one known for wisdom and accurate judgment; from a wise leader in the Old Teastament who was able to read the handwriting on the wall	99
7814760057	David and Bathsheba	represents a big sin; from the King's affair with the wife of uriah. After they had an affair she became pregnant, the King had her husband Uriah put on the front lines of battle so he would die. This affair was critical turning point in the King's life. Prior to this, he had prospered greatly, but afterward, his personal fortunes were greatly diminished. Nathan the prophet confronted the King after he took his mistress for his wife and trapped him into admitting his own guilt	100
7814760058	Eye of the Needle	a very difficult task; from a famous narrow gateway. In the NT, Jesus said it was easier for a camel to go through this than for a rich man to enter heaven	101
7814760059	Filthy Lucre	money or profits; from a story in the NT of Jesus casting moneylenders out of the Temple	102
7814760060	Goliath	a large person; from the giant from a Philistine city, slain by David when he was a shepherd boy	103
7814760061	Good Samaritan	someone who helps another person, perhaps someone of a different race or background; from a NT parable about the traditional enemy of the Hebrews who stopped to help a Jewish man who had been beaten and left for dead at the side of the raod	104
7814760062	Handwriting on the wall	what the future holds; from the OT story of Daniel, who was able to accurately predict something that predicted the imminent death of the king	105
7814760063	Ishmael	one who is cast out as being unworthy; the son of Abraham and his handmaiden Hagar, he was cast out into the desert when his wife Sarah had their son Issac; therefore said to be the ancestor of the nomadic desert tribes of Arabs	106
7814760064	Jacob	grandson of Abraham, son of Issac and Rebekah, brother of Esau, and the traditional ancestor of Israelites. His name was changed to Israel, and his 12 sons became the 12 Tribes of Israel	107
7814760065	Job	he who suffers a great deal but remains faithful; from an OT character whose faith in god was tested by Satan, though he lost his family and belongings, he remained patient and faithful	108
7814760066	Job's comforters	"friends" who try to help by bringing blame; ironically these people didn't help at all but were the source of more affliction	109
7814760067	Jonah	one who brings bad luck; an OT prophet who ran from God and saild to sea. When a storm arose, he admissted that he was the cause, and the sailors threw him overboard, where he was swallowed by a large fish	110
7814760068	Judas	a traitor or a treacherous kiss; one the 12 Apostles, notorious for betraying Jesus. His surname in Latin means murderer or assassin. He disclosed Jesus' whereabouts to the chief priests and elders for 30 pieces of silver	111
7814760069	King Ahab and Jezabel	an evil king of Israel and his treacherous evil wife, synonymous today with evil. Through their marriage, they introduced the worship of Baal, an idol, to Israel, inciting mutual enmity with the prophets. She instigated the murder Naboth for the possession of a vineyard. Today her name means a brazen or forward woman	112
7814760070	Manna	a sustaining life-giving source or food; from the sweetish bread-like food that feel from heaven for the Israelites as they crossed the Sinai Desert to the Promised Land with Moses	113
7814760071	Original Sin/The Fall	the idea that all men are innately sinful as a result of Adam and Eve's fall from the state of innocence. When they ate the forbidden fruit, they were cast out of the Biblical Garden of Eden; a post-biblical expression for the doctrine of Adam's transgression and mankind's consequential inheritance of a sinful nature because he ate the forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge	114
7814760072	Pearl of Great Price	something so precious that one would devote everything to or give up everything for it. In one of Jesus' parables, the kingdom of heaven is compared to this, or value found by a merchant	115
7814760073	Philistine	a person indeifferent or hostile to the arts and refinement; from Sea-going people from Crete who became enemies of the Isrealites and fought over their lands	116
7814760074	Prodigal Son	a wasteful son who disappoints his father; from the NT parable of a man with two sons. When he split his estate between the two, the younger son gathered his fortune and left home to live the wild life, while the older son stayed home to work in the fields. When the younger son spent all of the money, he came crawling back to his father, who accepted him, pardoning his error by saying he was "lost but was found"	117
7814760075	Ruth and Naomi	paragons of love between in-laws; faithful friends. From the OT story of a woman, who, when her husband died in battle, left her own land to travel with his mother back to her people	118
7814760076	Samson and Delilah	Treacherous love story; he was an israelite hero and legendary warrior with extraordinary physical strenght, fell in love with a Philistine woman. When she learned his hair was the source of his strength, she betrayed him by accepting a Philistine bribe to cut off his hair while he slept. Today her name is associated with a voluptuous, treacherous woman	119
7814760077	Scapegoat	one that is made an object of blame for others; was once symbolically burned with the sins of Jewish people and thrown over a precipce outside of Jerusalem to rid the nation of iniquities	120
7814760078	Sepulcher	tomb in the OT	121
7814760079	Sodom and Gomorrah	any place associated with wickedness or sin; from the evil cities of the OT that were destroyed by fire	122
7814760080	Solomon	an extremely wise person; from the son of the King of David, the Israelite king who wrote Proverbs, and was known for wisdom	123
7814760081	Tweleve Tribes of Israel	according to the OT, the Hebrew people took possession of the Promised Land of Cannan after the death of Moses and named the tribes after the sons and grandson of Jacob (whose name was changed to Israel): Reuben, Simeon, Judah, issachar, Zebulum, Gad, Asher, Dan, Naphtali, Joseph, Manasseh, and Ephraim	124
7814760082	Atilla	barbarian, rough leader; King of the Huns from 433-453 and the most successful ofthe barbarian invaders of the Roman Empire	125
7814760083	Berserk	descructively or frenetically violent, mental, or emotial upset; a warrior clothed in bear skin who worked himself into a frenzy before battle	126
7814760084	Bloomer	undergarments for dance or active war; underwear formally worn by females that was composed of loose trousers gathered at the angkles; invented by an American woman social reformer	127
7814760085	Bowdlerize	to cnesor, expurgate prudishly, to modify, as by shortening or simplifying or skewing content; after a man who expurgated Shakespeare	128
7814760086	Boycott	to act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion. Named after a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants. He and his family found themselves without servants, farmlands, service in stores, or mail delivery. His name was adapted as the term for this treatment	129
7814760087	Canopy	an overhanging protection or shelter, to cover up or hover above	130
7814760088	Casanova	a man who is amorously and gallantly attentive to women; a promiscuous man; named after an Italian adventurer who established a legendary reputation as a lover	131
7814760089	Chavinist	one who has a militant to and glorification of one's country, fanatical patriotism, prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group or kind; named after a legendary French soldier devoted to Napoleon	132
7814760090	Derrick	a machine for hoisting and moving heavy objects, consisting of a movable boom equipped with cables and pulleys and connected to the base of an upright stationary beam, a tall framework over a drilled hold, esp. an oil well, used to support boring equipment; named after a Londn hangman	133
7814760091	Donnybrrok	any riotous occasion; taken from a fair held in Dublin County, Irelnd until 1855 which was famous for rioting and dissipation	134
7814760092	Dungaree	a style of casual work pants; from a coarse cotton fabric of East Indian origin; from a Hindu word	135
7814760093	El Dorado	a place of reputed wealth; from the legendary city in South America, sought by early Spanish explorers	136
7814760094	Hackney	to make something banal or trite by frequent use, a horse for ordinary riding or driving, a horse kept for hire, let out, employed, or done fore hire; from the most name of the most common breed of heavy harness horses in the US	137
7814760095	Horatio Alger	one who believes that a person can make it on his own merits; from the American writer of inspirational adventure books	138
7814760096	Laconic	using or marked by the use of few words, brief; from the reputation of the Spartans for brevity of speech	139
7814760097	Limerick	a humorous or nonsense verse of five lines; from a county in the Republic of Ireland where the form is said to have originated	140
7814760098	Machiavellian	characterized by expedience, deceit and cunning, after a philosopher known for his treaties and political expediency, wrote "The Prince"	141
7814760099	Marathon	a long distance race, source of the Victory of the Greeks over Persians in 490 BC	142
7814760100	McCarthyism	modern witch hunt, the practice of publicizing accusations of political disloyalty or subversions with insufficient regard to evidence, the use of unfair investigatory or accusatory methods, in order to suppress opposition; after an American politician who was a US senator from WWI publicly accused many citizens of subversion	143
7814760101	Meander	to wander aimlessly, origingating from a rieer in Turkey noted for its winding course	144
7814760102	Mesmerize	to induce the state of being hypnotized; named for an Austrian physician who used hypnotism and develped a theory called "animal magnetism"	145
7814760103	Nostradamus	fortune teller, French physician and astrologer who wrote a book of rhymed prophecies	146
7814760104	Sardonic	bitterly ironical, sarcastic, sneering; from a plant said to bring on fits of laughter	147
7814760105	Shanghai	to cheat or steal, to make drugs, liquor, etc. to bring or get by trickery or force; a seaport in East China where sailors on voyages there often could secure illicit means	148
7814760106	Spartan	frugal and bare, simple, disciplined and stern and brace; having to do with an important city in Greece, the people there were known for simplicity of life, severity, courage, and brevity of speech	149
7814760107	Stonewall	hinder or obstruct by evasive, delaying tactics; in cricket: trying to go completely defensive, blocking every ball without trying to score; relating to a Confederate General from the remark during the Battle of Bull Run.	150
7814760108	Swiftian	satirical; from an authors famous satire on politics in Gulliver's Travels	151
7814760109	Sybaritic	luxurious, voluptuous, a person who cares very much for luxery and pleasure; an inhabitant of a town founded by the Greeks in ancient Italy, which was known for its luxury	152
7814760110	Thespian	having to do with the theater or acting; relating to an Attic poet of the 6th century BC, reputed to the father of Greek tragedy	153
7814760111	Uncle Sam	government of people of the United States, derived from a businessman with initals US on shipping boxes in 1800's	154
7814760112	Utopia	an imaginary and perfect society; name of a Thomas More novel	155
7814760113	Wagnerian	style of music: loud, dramatic, radical; having to do with a certain composer's music, style, or theories	156
7814760114	Waterloo	a decisive or final defet or setback; Belgian 1816, source of Napoleon's last defeat	157

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AP Literature and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

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10821440835	abnegation	self-denial, rejection in favor of others	0
10821440836	acquiesce	to agree, to favor, to accept	1
10821440837	acrimony	sharp animosity, harshness, or bitterness	2
10821440838	acumen	superior mental qualities, keen insight	3
10821440839	aplomb	great poise, confident composure	4
10821440840	assuage	appease, satisfy, make less intense	5
10821440841	bedizen	ornament in a showy, gaudy, vulgar manner	6
10821440842	bucolic	pastoral, idyllically rural; of or relating to shepherds	7
10821440843	caliber	degree of merit, degree of mental capacity	8
10821440844	candid	frank, outspoken, sincere	9
10821440845	captious	fault-finding, exaggerating trivial defects	10
10821440846	charlatan	impostor, fraud	11
10821440847	cohort	companion, a group of warriors or soldiers	12
10821440848	credulity	gullibility, readiness to believe without evidence	13
10821440849	cupidity	greed, lust for wealth, excessive desire	14
10821440850	dilatory	delaying, procrastinating, inclined to waste time	15
10821440851	effusive	demonstrative, overflowing emotion	16
10821440852	elation	great joy or gladness, high spirits	17
10821440853	enjoin	direct someone to do something, to prohibit or forbid	18
10821440854	explicate	explain, make plain, make clear	19
10821440855	abrogate	abolish or treat as non-existent	20
10821440856	anachronistic	set in the wrong time, misdated	21
10821440857	ardor	fervor, zeal, passion	22
10821440858	auspicious	favorable, attended by good	23
10821440859	boorish	rude, unmannerly	24
10821440860	chastise	discipline, punish	25
10821440861	cogent	to the point, relevant	26
10821440862	conflagration	large, destructive fire or war	27
10821440863	coruscate	sparkle, gleam	28
10821440864	coterie	clique, select group of people	29
10821440865	decry	belittle, to condemn openly	30
10821440866	diatribe	tirade, criticism	31
10821440867	ebullient	high spirited, joyously unrestrained	32
10821440868	enervate	weaken, exhaust, deprive of strength	33
10821440869	erudite	learned, showing profound knowledge of	34
10821440870	exonerate	free from blame, relieve from responsibility	35
10821440871	fetid	stinking, having an offensive odor	36
10821440872	foment	instigate, attempt to stir up public opinion	37
10821440873	garrulous	wordy, rambling, excessively talkative	38
10821440874	gregarious	sociable, fond of company	39
10821440875	codicil	supplement to a will, a legal change to a will	40
10821440876	copious	abundant, plentiful	41
10821440877	diametrical	direct opposite, absolute reverse	42
10821440878	disburse	expend, distribute	43
10821440879	dolt	blockhead, stupid person	44
10821440880	duplicity	deceitfulness, deceptiveness	45
10821440881	effete	decadent, sterile, worn out	46
10821440882	equine	of, relating to, or resembling horses or the horse family	47
10821440883	exculpate	absolve, free from blame	48
10821440884	expedite	hasten, dispatch, quicken	49
10821440885	extemporize	to do in a makeshift way, to deliver impromptu	50
10821440886	fallible	liable to err, likely to fail or to make a mistake	51
10821440887	fatuous	inane, silly, unreal	52
10821440888	furtive	stealthy, sly, shifty	53
10821440889	gauche	awkward, tactless, lacking social grace	54
10821440890	germane	relevant, pertinent	55
10821440891	hone	sharpen, whet, file, grind	56
10821440892	immutable	unchangeable, unalterable	57
10821440893	iniquitous	sinful, wicked, vicious	58
10821440894	kudos	glory, a praising remark for exceptional achievement	59
10821440895	avarice	greed, cupidity	60
10821440896	calumny	slander, lies to damage another's reputation	61
10821440897	consonant	in agreement, in harmony	62
10821440898	dearth	scarcity, shortage, lack	63
10821440899	debacle	sudden collapse, a flood, a failure	64
10821440900	elan	dash, distinctive and stylish elegance	65
10821440901	elegy	a lament for the dead	66
10821440902	galvanize	startle into sudden activity, to coat with zinc	67
10821440903	histronics	acting, theatricals	68
10821440904	illicit	unlicensed, unlawful	69
10821440905	inane	pointless, silly, foolish	70
10821440906	intrinsic	innate, true, natural, inherent	71
10821440907	levity	lightness of character, excessive frivolity	72
10821440908	lucid	clear, bright, shining	73
10821440909	mercurial	active, lively, erratic	74
10821440910	paradox	seeming self-contradiction that's true, a statement opposing accepted opinion	75
10821440911	pathos	pity, evoking compassion	76
10821440912	pensive	reflective, meditative, dreamily thoughtful	77
10821440913	penurious	poor, impoverished	78
10821440914	plethora	excess, abundance, state of being overfull	79
10821440915	impolitic	unwise, injudicious	80
10821440916	incarnadine	blood-red, crimson, flesh color	81
10821440917	indigenous	native, natural, innate	82
10821440918	indigent	destitute, impoverished, needy	83
10821440919	ineffable	inexpressible, unutterable, indescribable, taboo	84
10821440920	inure	toughen, harden, habituate	85
10821440921	irascible	testy, touchy, irritable	86
10821440922	laud	praise, extol, acclaim, to glorify	87
10821440923	limpid	clear, transparent, lucid, serene	88
10821440924	lithe	pliant, flexible, supple	89
10821440925	loquacious	very talkative, garrulous	90
10821440926	ludricous	laughable, ridiculous, funny because of obvious absurdity	91
10821440927	lugubrious	mournful, dismal, gloomy, excessively sorrowful	92
10821440928	malfeasance	wrongdoing, official misconduct, illegal deed	93
10821440929	malign	defame, slander	94
10821440930	morass	marsh, bog, swamp	95
10821440931	mundane	common, ordinary, everyday	96
10821440932	pariah	outcast, Untouchable	97
10821440933	patrimony	heritage from one's father or other ancestor, legacy	98
10821440934	pecuniary	financial, monetary, relating to money	99
10821440935	abatement	the act of putting an end to, a deduction	100
10821440936	altruistic	unselfish concern for the welfare of others	101
10821440937	analogous	comparable, similar	102
10821440938	aquiline	hooked like an eagle's beak, having characteristics like an eagle	103
10821440939	austerity	strict economy, without adornment; a state of great self-denial	104
10821440940	brevity	shortness, conciseness, terseness	105
10821440941	castigate	criticize or punish severely	106
10821440942	deplorable	sad, pitiable, lamentable	107
10821440943	doddering	trembling, shaking with old age, to progress in a feeble manner	108
10821440944	ennui	boredom, weariness, dissatisfaction	109
10821440945	eyrie	nest of a bird of prey, a home	110
10821440946	jocularity	state of being playful, jesting, characterized by joking	111
10821440947	mandate	command, authorize, decree	112
10821440948	maudlin	mawkish, tearfully sentimental	113
10821440949	mete	dole, measure out, allot	114
10821440950	peregrination	travel from one place to another, journey	115
10821440951	prodigious	enormous, extraordinary in size or degree	116
10821440952	saturate	fill up completely	117
10821440953	temerity	foolish boldness, fearless, daring	118
10821440954	vacuous	stupidly blank or empty	119
10821440955	iconoclast	destroyer of images of idols, attacker of traditions	120
10821440956	impeccable	faultless, irreproachable	121
10821440957	inexorable	relentless, unyielding	122
10821440958	infer	conclude, to derive by reasoning, to guess, speculate	123
10821440959	insipid	pointless, flat, dull	124
10821440960	integral	entire, whole, essential	125
10821440961	invidious	offensive, obnoxious	126
10821440962	laconic	concise, expressing much in a few words	127
10821440963	lethargic	drowsy, sluggish, vagrant	128
10821440964	malignant	harmful, dangerous	129
10821440965	martial	warlike, pertaining to war	130
10821440966	misanthropy	hatred or dislike of mankind	131
10821440967	mollify	pacify, appease, reduce	132
10821440968	ominous	threatening, portentous	133
10821440969	omniscient	all-knowing, infinite awareness	134
10821440970	ostracism	banishment, exile, exclusion	135
10821440971	panegyric	formal eulogy, or commendation	136
10821440972	paradigm	model, pattern, standard	137
10821440973	parsimonious	stingy, excessively frugal.	138
10821440974	peripatetic	wandering, roving, vagrant	139
10821440975	affray	public fight or riot, quarrel, or brawl	140
10821440976	apothegm	short, pithy saying, terse remarks	141
10821440977	decrement	loss, decrease	142
10821440978	incongruous	lacking harmony or agreement	143
10821440979	salacious	lustful, lecherous, obscene	144
10821440980	sartorial	of or about tailors or tailoring	145
10821440981	soliloquy	talking as is alone; utterance by a person talking to himself	146
10821440982	sordid	dirty, vile	147
10821440983	stringent	strict, severe, exacting	148
10821440984	supplant	remove, replace, overthrow	149
10821440985	taciturn	uncommunicative, habitually silent	150
10821440986	tepid	lukewarm, moderately warm	151
10821440987	truculent	savage, cruel, fierce	152
10821440988	unctuous	suave, smug, excessively pious	153
10821440989	venal	mercenary, corruptible, able to be bribed	154
10821440990	verbose	wordy, loquacious, lack of incisiveness or precision	155
10821440991	vernacular	common, native language	156
10821440992	virago	a shrew; ill-tempered woman	157
10821440993	voracious	greedy, immoderate, insatiable	158
10821440994	tedium	boredom, ennui, dullness	159
10821440995	incite	provoke, arouse, goad	160
10821440996	insular	detached, isolated, having a narrow point of view	161
10821440997	intrepid	fearless, dauntless, fortitude	162
10821440998	manumission	freeing, release from slavery	163
10821440999	moribund	dying, stagnant, on the verge of extinction	164
10821441000	nescient	ignorant, agnostic, lack of knowledge	165
10821441001	obfuscate	confuse, cloud, make obscure	166
10821441002	placebo	substance having no pharmaceutical effect	167
10821441003	proliferation	excessive rapid spread	168
10821441004	pusillanimous	cowardly in spirit, fearful	169
10821441005	recondite	deep, difficult, profound, little known	170
10821441006	sanctimonious	hypocritical show of piety or righteousness	171
10821441007	similitude	likeness, resemblance, comparison	172
10821441008	soporific	of or about sleep, drowsy	173
10821441009	supine	inactive, passive, lying on the back	174
10821441010	tactile	tangible, perceptible to the touch	175
10821441011	temporal	secular, transitory of this world, limited by time	176
10821441012	ungulate	hoof like, of or about horses	177
10821441013	vapid	insipid, spiritless, inane	178
10821441014	zenith	acme, highest point	179
10821441015	antipathy	aversion, habitual repugnance	180
10821441016	wane	diminish, abate, decrease	181
10821441017	encomium	eulogy, formal expression of high praise	182
10821441018	cacophonous	harsh, discordant, unpleasant	183
10821441019	ambivalent	having opposing feelings or desires	184
10821441020	puissant	powerful, potent, mighty	185
10821441021	bellicose	pugnacious, ready to fight	186
10821441022	amenable	agreeable, answerable	187
10821441023	cavil	harp, nitpick, raise minor objections	188
10821441024	commodious	spacious, roomy	189
10821441025	desultory	disconnected, random, lacking in order	190
10821441026	discreet	judicious, tactful, diplomatic	191
10821441027	emanate	emit, send forth, flow out	192
10821441028	didactic	too inclined to teach, preach, or lecture	193
10821441029	ephemeral	transitory, short-lived, fleeting	194
10821441030	feckless	feeble, ineffective, worthless	195
10821441031	heinous	hateful, odious, abominable	196
10821441032	piquant	pungent, spicy, provocative	197
10821441033	obstreperous	unruly, uncontrolled, vociferous, clamorous	198
10821441034	discrete	separate, distinct, detached from others	199

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AP Literature- Vocabulary Unit 7 Flashcards

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11894586883	Allay	to calm or pacify, set to rest; to lessen or relieve	0
11894596508	Bestial	beast-like; beastly, brutal; subhuman in intelligence and sensibility	1
11894603855	Convivial	festive, sociable, having fun together, genial	2
11894609444	Coterie	a circle of acquaintances; a close-knit, often exclusive, group of people with a common interest	3
11894613854	Counterpart	a person or thing closely resembling or corresponding to another; a complement	4
11894618825	Demur	object or take exception to; n.- an objection	5
11894626664	Effrontery	shameless boldness, impudence	6
11894630649	Embellish	to decorate, adorn, touch up; to improve by adding details	7
11894640424	Ephemeral	lasting only a short time, short-lived	8
11894648577	Felicitous	appropriate, apt, well chosen; marked by well-being or good fortune, happy	9
11894654968	Furtive	done slyly or stealthily, sneaky, secret, shifty; stolen	10
11894659341	Garish	glaring; tastelessly showy or over-decorated in a vulgar or offensive way	11
11894662644	Illusory	misleading, deceptive; lacking in or not based on reality	12
11894682938	Indigent	needy, impoverished	13
11894688551	Inordinate	far too great, exceeding reasonable limits, excessive	14
11894693976	Jettison	to cast overboard, get rid of as unnecessary or burdensome	15
11894699259	Misanthrope	a person who hate, despises, or distrusts mankind	16
11894705912	Pertinacious	very persistent; holding firmly to a course of action or a set of beliefs; hard to get rid of, refusing to be put off or denied	17
11894710501	Picayune	of little value or importance, paltry, measly; concerned with trifling matters, small-minded	18
11894714900	Raiment	clothing, garments	19

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AP Literature Allusions Flashcards

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8492028998	Ovid's metamorphoses	Ovid (the author) was a lawyer and official, and lacked political ambitions. Metamorphoses: 1. 15 books in length 2. theme=chances in shape 3. creation of the universe-> creation of human beings ->Four Ages of early humanity (Gold, Silver, Bronze, and Iron) -> the Great Flood that wiped out all human life except for a Greek guy named Deucalion and his wife Pyrrha -> strange occurrences involving gods, demigods, and mortals, all centering on moments of transformation from one physical state to another -> death of caesar	0
8492068699	Daedalus (and Icarus)	Daedalus- genius inventor, invented carpentry and the first wings Icarus- the son of Daedalus, defied the laws of both man and nature, ignoring the warnings of his father, rose higher and higher with his wings and eventually dies	1
8492074503	Michael Davitt	-Irish Republican and agrarian campaigner who founded the IRISH NATIONAL LAND LEAGUE -Member of Parliament and a labour leader -Campaigned for HOME RULE and close ally of CHARLES PARNELL -Joined the anti-Parnellite Irish National Federation	2
8492085338	Charles Stewart Parnell	-Elected to parliament in 1875 as a member of the HOME RULE LEAGUE -Parnell became an active opponent of the Irish land laws, believing their reform should be the first step on the road to Home Rule. -Adultery with Kitty O'Shea and the scandal provoked a split in the party and Parnell was replaced as leader	3
8492107950	Cardinal Wolsey	-He became chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury and later chaplain to Henry VII, who employed him on diplomatic missions. -An efficient administrator, both for the Crown and the church -Henry VIII delegated more and more state business to him, including near-complete control of England's foreign policy -Henry asked Wolsey to use his influence in Rome to get a papal annulment of Henry's marriage so that he could remarry. Wolsey was unable to accomplish this. -Wolsey was widely disliked and his failure to arrange an annulment for Henry was quickly followed by his downfall	4
8492129687	Leicester Abbey	-Provided a home to an average of 30 to 40 canons (monks) -Cardinal Thomas Wolsey died at the abbey, whilst travelling south to face trial for treason -Founded during a wave of monastic enthusiasm that swept through western Christendom; founded in the Augustinian tradition	5
8492145904	Dante Alighieri (and his Divine Comedy)	-It is one of literature's boldest undertakings, as Dante takes us through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and then reaches Heaven (Paradiso), where he is permitted to partake of the Beatific Vision. -Dante's journey serves as an allegory of the progress of the individual soul toward God. The work is arranged in 100 cantos in 3 parts, 34 for the Inferno, 33 each for Purgatorio and Paradiso. -The work is written in groups of 3 lines, or tercets, reminiscent of the Trinity. While Dante was critical of the Catholic Church as an institution, his writings remained faithful to his schooling by the Dominicans, where he learned the theology of St. Thomas Aquinas -It signaled the beginning of the Renaissance.	6
8492157006	Kitty O' Shea	- English woman of aristocratic background, whose decade-long secret adultery with Charles Stewart Parnell led to a widely publicized divorce in 1890 and his political downfall - Originally married Captain William O'Shea in 1867, a Catholic Nationalist MP	7
8492165030	Ireland (map/location)		8
8492170193	Queen Victoria (who she is and her birthday)	-Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India -Last of the House of Hanover and gave her name to an era, the Victorian Age. -Birthday: May 24th, 1819	9
8492182668	The Blessed Virgin Mary	-Believed by many to be the greatest of all Christian saints -She was declared the daughter of Sts. Joachim and Anne. -Born in Jerusalem, she took a vow of virginity. -Living in Nazareth,she was visited by the archangel Gabriel, who announced to her that she would become the Mother of Jesus	10
8492202989	Tower of Ivory/House of Gold	-The tower of ivory is a symbol of purity. It means Mary is pure in body and soul for that she is most beloved by god or the tower represents the church and the ivory is a symbol of the purity of its priests -The House of Gold is an ancient biblical symbol related to the temple of god in jerusalem which god himself commanded to be covered with gold so that it will be worthy to be his dwelling place on earth.	11
8492221207	Roman Catholicism (and mass)	-Catholic Church sees the Mass or Eucharist as "the source and summit of the Christian life", to which the other sacraments are oriented. The Catholic Church believes that the Mass is exactly the same sacrifice that Jesus Christ offered on the Cross at Calvary	12
8492238778	Cricket	-It is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players each on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch	13
8492241716	Holy Communion	-The bread and wine are referred to as the body and blood of Christ -Ordinance, sacrament	14
8492248681	Pandybat	-A stout leather strap reinforced internally with whalebone or even lead and used to inflict punishment, especially by striking the palms of schoolboys.	15
8492251319	Dublin	-Capital of the Republic of Ireland, is on Ireland's east coast at the mouth of the River Liffey.	16
8492255504	St.Francis Xavier	-With encouragement from his friend Ignatius of Loyola, Xavier devoted himself to religious service and became one of the founders of the Jesuit order. Much of his life was spent tending to missions in areas such as India and Japan. He was 46 when he died on China's Shangchuan Island	17
8492267712	Cork (the Mardyke)		18
8492277111	Mercedes (from The Count of Monte Cristo)	-She's beautiful, exotic, and faithful. She has a kind heart. -Dantès's beautiful and good fiancée. Though Mercédès marries another man, Fernand Mondego, while Dantès is in prison, she never stops loving Dantès. Mercédès is one of the few whom Dantès both punishes (for her disloyalty) and rewards (for her enduring love and underlying goodness).	19
8492289304	Lord Byron	-British Romantic poet and satirist whose poetry and personality captured the imagination of Europe. -His best-known works are the lengthy narrative poems, Don Juan and Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, and the short lyric poem, "She Walks in Beauty".	20
8492304953	Alfred, Lord Tennyson	-English poet often regarded as the chief representative of the Victorian age in poetry -Lord Byron was a dominant influence on the young Tennyson.	21
8492312152	Whitsuntide	-Name used for the Christian festival of Pentecost, the eighth Sunday after Easter, which commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon Christ's disciples	22
8492316316	The blessed sacrament	-Devotional name used to refer to the body and blood of Christ in the form of consecrated sacramental bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist.	23
8492319027	Confiteor	-One of the prayers that can be said during the Penitential Act at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church.	24
8492326801	Mark 8:36	What good is it for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their soul?	25
8492327540	Seven Deadly Sins	-Pride, covetousness (greed), lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth.	26
8492331186	Percy Bysshe Shelley	-Main themes of his work: the restlessness and brooding, the rebellion against authority, the interchange with nature, the power of the visionary imagination and of poetry, the pursuit of ideal love, and the untamed spirit ever in search of freedom -His life and works exemplify Romanticism	27
8492341293	Drisheen	-Type of blood pudding made in Ireland. It is distinguished from other forms of Irish black pudding by having a gelatinous consistency -Ingredients: Blood (cow, pig or sheep), milk, salt, fat, breadcrumbs	28
8492343793	Cardinal Newman	-Anglican priest, poet and theologian, and later a Catholic cardinal, who was an important and controversial figure in the religious history of England -Originally an evangelical Oxford University academic and priest in the Church of England, but became drawn to the high-church tradition of Anglicanism. -He became known as a leader of the OXFORD MOVEMENT -He officially left the Church of England and his teaching post at Oxford University and was received into the Catholic Church. He was quickly ordained as a priest and continued as an influential religious leader	29

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