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AP World History Strayer Chapter 17 Vocabulary Flashcards

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9056310725	Steam Engine	Definition: External combustion engine where heat is used to raise steam. Significance: Allowed increased productivity and made Industrial Revolution possible (limitless source of power).	0
9056310726	Indian Cotton Textiles	Definition: Well made, inexpensive cotton textiles from India. Significance: Catalyst for British textile Industry to industrialize.	1
9056310727	Middle-class values	Definition: Frowned upon heavy drinking and women were fond of fashion, Education necessary. Significance: Characterised middle-class culture and respectability.	2
9056310728	Lower Middle-class	Definition: Belief in fate, fortune, and good luck, dependent on peers rather than an individual. Significance: Service jobs that were more than 20% of Britain's population and gave women opportunity to work.	3
9056310729	Ellen Johnston	Definition: Working class female who labored and wanted to become a poet. Significance: Insight to women's lives in the 1800s for the middle class.	4
9056310730	Karl Marx	Definition: Founder of modern communism. Significance: Conclusion of capitalism as unstable and doomed, thus creating socialist and communist views. It would end the conflict of rich and poor.	5
9056310731	Labour Party	Definition: Political party formed in Great Britain focusing on multiculturalism, diversity, tolerance, protecting social welfare. Significance: Provided alternative to Marxism.	6
9056310732	Socialism in the United States	Definition: Socialist party grew in the 1900's, critiquing the economic system of the United States urged reform and endorsed small scale economy. Significance: Minor political movement and gained 6% votes in the election.	7
9056310733	Progressives	Definition: Reformers who worked to stop unfair practices by businesses and improve the way the government works. Significance: Advocated reform measures to correct ills of industrialization (1750 - 1914).	8
9056310734	Russian Revolution of 1905	Definition: Spontaneous rebellion after defeating at hand of Japan 1905. Significance: It was suppressed but it forced the government to make substantial reforms.	9
9056310735	Latin America Export boom	Definition: Large scale increase in exports (raw) to industrialized countries. Significance: Benefitted middle-class and upper-class.	10
9056310736	Mexican Revolution	Definition: Bitter and bloody conflict between middle-class Mexicans who joined with peasants and workers against dictator Porfirio Diaz. Significance: Created a new, more democratic political order.	11
9056310737	Dependent Development	Definition: Theory that poor countries can still develop economically, but only in ways shaped by reliance on wealthier countries. Significance: Term used to describe Latin America's economic growth dependent on European and North American prosperity and decisions.	12
9056337654	Luddites	destroyed many new machines that were new and more effective, threatening the livelihoods of the workers. Named after a mythological Robin Hood-like figure. Some who were suspected of being this were killed. In some ways predicted the future of industrialism and the demands of workers	13
9056376484	caudillos	violent, enabled, military strongmen who achieved power as liberal and conservative factions fought in Latin America	14

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AP World History Flashcards

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7378352767	8000 B.C.E. - 600 B.C.E.	Technological and Environmental Transformations	0
7378352768	600 B.C.E. - 600 C.E.	Organization and Reorganization of Human Societies	1
7378352769	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E.	Regional and Interregional Interactions	2
7378352770	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E.	Global Interactions	3
7378352771	1750 C.E. - 1900 C.E.	Industrialization and Global Integration	4
7378352772	1900 C.E. - Present	Accelerating Global Change and Realignments	5
7436218211	Period 1	8000 B.C.E. - 600 B.C.E	6
7436218212	Period 2	600 B.C.E - 600 C.E.	7
7436218213	Period 3	600 C.E. - 1450 C.E.	8
7436218214	Period 4	1450 C.E. - 1750 C.E.	9
7436218215	Period 5	1750 C.E. - 1900 C.E.	10
7436218216	Period 6	1900 C.E. - Present	11

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Friedland APES Chapter 9 Flashcards

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9148100732	Aquifers	Permeable layers of rock and sediment that contain groundwater in many small spaces.	0
9148100733	Unconfined Aquifer	Water can flow easily in and out of the aquifer. Porous rock covered by soil	1
9148100734	Confined Aquifer	Aquifers covered by an impermeable and confining layer impeding water flow in or out.	2
9148100735	Water Table	Uppermost aquifer layer where water fully saturates the rock or soil.	3
9148100736	Groundwater Recharge	Water from precipitation percolates through soil and into aquifer. If confined, can't recharge.	4
9148100737	Springs	Water from some aquifers naturally comes up, natural source of freshwater	5
9148100738	Artesian Wells	Drilled hole in a confined aquifer releases pressure and pushes water up.	6
9148100739	Cone of Depression	Area where there's no longer any groundwater, caused by well overuse, eventually will go dry.	7
9148100740	Saltwater intrusion	Lessened pressure from over-pumping so salt water infiltrates and makes well water salty.	8
9148100741	Floodplain	Land adjacent to river where excess water spreads onto.	9
9148100742	Oligotrophic	Lakes with low productivity because of little nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen.	10
9148100743	Mesotrophic	Lakes with moderate levels of productivity	11
9148100744	Eutrophic	Lakes with high levels of productivity	12
9148100745	Impermeable Surfaces	Pavement, buildings, etc. Doesn't allow water penetration, water then runs into sewers and streams. Excess water causes floods.	13
9148100746	Levee	Enlarged bank on each side of river to prevent flooding	14
9148100747	Dikes	Similar to levees but to prevent ocean waters from flooding coasts that are under sea level.	15
9148100748	Dam	Barrier that runs across a river/stream to control water flow	16
9148100749	Reservoir	Large body of water stored behind a dam. Held for consumption, generating electricity, flood control, or recreation.	17
9148100750	Fish Ladders	Sets of stairs with water flowing over them to have fish migrate despite dams.	18
9148100751	Aqueducts	Canals or ditches used to carry water between locations. Transports water to dry areas.	19
9148100752	Desalination	Removes salt from salt water to make fresh water.	20
9148100753	Distillation	Desalination method. Seawater flows in, heated to create steam, cool seawater in condensing coil causes steam to condense. Brine and fresh water then flows out.	21
9148100754	Reverse Osmosis	Desalination method. Seawater flows in, pressure applied, water goes through semipermeable membrane, salt can't. Water and brine flows out.	22
9148100755	Hydroponic Agriculture	Cultivation under greenhouse conditions with roots in nutrient rich solution, and not soil.	23
9148100756	Water footprint	The total daily per capita use of freshwater.	24
9148100757	Gray water	Wastewater from baths, showers, bathrooms, and washing machines.	25
9148100758	Contaminated water	Wastewater from toilets, kitchen sinks, and dishwashers.	26

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AP Language Set B Flashcards

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10734267280	STATUS QUO	the existing condition or state of affairs	0
10734267281	ACERBIC	bitter, sharp in taste or temper	1
10734267282	CRITICAL	finding fault	2
10734267283	CAUSTIC	(adj.) able to burn or eat away by chemical action; biting, sarcastic	3
10734267284	GUISE	outward appearance; false appearance	4
10734267285	SEMBLANCE	a likeness; an outward appearance	5
10734267286	DISPARAGE	regard or represent as being of little worth	6
10734267287	PROSCRIBE	to forbid	7
10734267288	APHORISM	a concise statement of a truth or principle	8
10734267289	SINE QUA NON	an essential or indispensable element or condition	9
10734267290	AFFLUENT	rich; prosperous; wealthy	10
10734267291	ILLUSORY	deceptive; false; misleading	11
10734267292	DISPARATE	fundamentally different; entirely unlike	12
10734267293	VINDICATE	clear from hint or charge of wrongdoing; to justify	13
10734267294	APLOMB	confidence without arrogance	14
10734267295	AUSPICIOUS	favorable; promising	15
10734267296	HARANGUE	long, passionate, ranting speech (diatribe)	16
10734267297	DISSENT	difference of opinion (implies refusal to assent and/or withholding consent)	17
10734267298	UBIQUITOUS	present, appearing, or found everywhere	18
10734267299	PARADIGM	model or pattern; worldview, set of shared assumptions, values, etc.	19
10734267300	TRAVESTY	a grotesque or grossly inferior imitation (often unintentional)	20
10734267301	CREDULOUS	too trusting; gullible	21
10734267302	UNTENABLE	impossible to defend or justify	22
10734267303	OPULENT	luxurious; grandiose	23
10734267304	TACIT	understood or implied without being stated	24

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AP World History Dates Flashcards

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6763465918	Olmecs	1200-400 BC	0
6763474549	Indus Valley	300-1500 BC	1
6763506820	Sumer	5000-3000 BC	2
6763500065	Rome - Empire	31 BC-400 CE	3
6763609530	Rome - Republic	500-31 BC	4
6763504454	Assyrians	911-612 BC	5
6763492971	Old Kingdom Egypt	2700-2200 BC	6
6763477673	Middle Kingdom Egypt	2000-1600 BC	7
6763480533	New Kingdom Egypt	1500-1100 BC	8
6763483723	Shang	1800-1100 BC	9
6763513759	Zhou	1100-200 BC	10
6763515595	Han	200 BC-200 CE	11
6763517481	Mauryan	300-200 BC	12
6763523104	Achaemenid	500-400 BC	13
6763529249	Life of Confucius	500 BC	14
6763529250	Life of Buddha	500 BC	15
6763531784	Warring States Period	400-200 BC	16
6763542595	Life of Alexander the Great	300 BC	17
6763545418	Beginning of the Silk Road	200 BC	18
6763545419	Life of Jesus	1-31 CE	19
6763547969	Jainism Founded	500 BC	20
6763551057	Delian League	400 BC	21
6763551058	Bantu Migrations	3000 BC	22
6763558388	Bronze Metallurgy in Mesopotamia	3000-1200 BC	23
6763562738	Iron Metallurgy In Anatolia	1200 BC	24
6763566741	Chavin	900-300 BC	25
6763568615	Hittites	1750-1200 BC	26
6763570513	Celts	500 BC	27
6763572119	Maya	300-800 CE	28
6763574392	Moche	100-800 CE	29
6763579631	Ancient Israel	1020-930 BC	30
6763595442	Myceneans	1600-1200 BC	31
6763600217	Phoenicians	1200-800 BC	32
6763626863	Gupta	300-500	33
6763626864	Inca	1400-1500	34
6763629168	Aztec	1300-1500	35
6763631300	Mongols	13th century	36
6763634177	Sultanate of Delhi	1200-1500	37
6763637064	Ghana	500-1600	38
6763639239	Sui	500-600	39
6763639241	Tang	600-900	40
6763641936	Song	900-1300	41
6763644318	Yuan	1300-1400	42
6763654093	Ming	1400-1600	43
6763656816	Umayyad	700-800	44
6763660648	Abbasid	800-1300	45
6763663560	Muhammad	600	46
6763665007	Charlemagne	800	47
6763667221	Ivan III	1400	48
6763669019	Tamerlane	1300	49
6763672284	Islam Spreads	600-1500	50
6763675896	Zheng He	1400	51
6763677693	Crusades	1096	52
6763685881	Spread of Bubonic Plague	1350	53
6763685882	Champa Rice	1000-1300	54
6763698220	Fall of Qing	1920	55
6763702517	Fall of Mughals	1710	56
6763704398	Industrialism in England	1700-1850	57
6763708005	Industrialism in Europe and USA	1800's	58
6763710897	Industrialism in Japan	1890-1945	59
6763717151	Emancipation of Serfs	1860	60
6763719350	Passage of the 13th Amendment	1865	61
6763721335	End of Atlantic Slave Trade	1800's	62
6763723300	Opium Wars	1840-1842	63
6763725457	Taiping Rebellion	1853-1863	64
6763727707	Simon Bolivar	1780-1830	65
6763729649	Benito Juarez	1806-1870	66
6763733360	French Revolution	1790-1800	67
6763735685	Haitian Revolution	1790-1800	68
6763740730	Meiji Restoration	1870	69
6763743867	Congress of Vienna	1814-1815	70
6763750182	American War of Independence	1776-1780	71
6763754450	Self-Strengthening Movement in China	1860-1895	72
6763759081	Tanzimat in Ottoman Empire	1040-1880	73
6763760870	Suez Canal	1869	74
6763763215	Panama Canal	1910	75
6763766974	Colonization of Australia	1790	76
6763766975	Shaka Zulu	1780-1830	77
6763774105	Colonization of Egypt	1880	78
6763779526	Battle of Adowa (Ethiopia v. Italy)	1890	79
6763782088	The First Railroads in Europe	1830	80
6763784652	Mexican Revolution	1810-1820	81
6763786902	Sepoy Rebellion	1857-1858	82
6763788683	Crimean War	1854-1856	83
6763790254	Berlin West Africa Conference	1885	84
6763818379	Balfour Declaration	1917	85
6763824647	Passage of the 19th Amendment	1920	86
6763828007	Partition of India and Pakistan	1947	87
6763834875	WWI	1914-1918	88
6763837828	WWII	1939-1945	89
6763841095	May Fourth Movement	1919	90
6763845441	Treaty of Versailles	1919	91
6763851182	The Long March	1934-1935	92
6763853883	Bombing of Pearl Harbor	1941	93
6763856254	Founding of UN	1945	94
6763858578	Berlin Wall is Built	1961	95
6763860713	US Stock Market Crash	1929	96
6763877511	Russian Revolution	1917	97
6763880863	CIA Coup d'Etat in Guatemala	1954	98
6772664214	Founding of the People's Republic of China	1949	99
6772666857	Decolonization of Ghana	1957	100
6772673170	Vietnam War	1955-1977	101
6772676337	Life of Gandhi	1864-1948	102
6772692137	Indian Independence	1947	103
6772707494	Formation of NATO	1949	104
6772711893	Korean War	1950-1953	105
6772727373	Formation of Israel	1948	106
6772734675	Algerian War of Independence	1954-1962	107
6772755698	Great Leap Foreword	1958-1962	108
6772763296	Cuban Missile Crisis	1962	109
6772768608	Cultural Revolution	1966-1976	110
6772776445	Reign of Pol Pot	1975-1979	111
6772795192	Soviet Invasion of Afganistan	1979-1989	112
6772800870	Iranian Revolution	1978-1979	113
6772814273	First Gulf War	1990-1991	114
6772820028	Second Gulf War	2003-2011	115
6772829136	Deng Xiaoping comes to power	1978	116
6772837766	Peron is Elected President of Argentina	1946	117
6772862328	Fall of the Berlin Wall	1989	118
6772865990	Fall of USSR	1991	119
6772871131	End of Apartheid	1990s	120
6772878260	9/11	September 11, 2001	121

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AP Terms List #9 Flashcards

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8154257724	argument	a process of reasoned inquiry; a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion	0
8154267184	claim of fact	asserts that something is true or not	1
8154279493	claim of policy	proposes a change	2
8154281513	claim of value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong	3
8154292497	classical oration	five-part argument used by rhetoricians (know the 5 parts!)	4
8154298830	deduction	a logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (major premise) and applying it to a specific case (minor premise)	5
8154312728	induction	a logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization	6
8154325847	syllogism	a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise in order to reach a necessary conclusion	7
8154338500	closed thesis	a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make	8
8154341700	open thesis	an open thesis is one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in the essay	9

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Models AP HuG Flashcards

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7157648686	Core-Periphery Model	A model that describes the core countries have overall power, and the semi-peripheral and peripheral have lower political, economic, and social power Peripheral and Semi-Peripheral depend on developed core countries for the capital while, Core countries use cheap labor from semi-peripheral and peripheral. All centered around the core.	0
7157648687	Peters Projection	maintains the area, but distorts the shape. The area accurate map maintains the land size of countries but creates a shape not true to the actual shape of the land.	1
7157648688	Mercator Projection	the direction is true, but the size and shape are distorted.	2
7157648689	Goodes Homosline	Maintains area but divides the oceans up distorting the direction	3
7157648690	Robinson	Equally distorts direction, distance, shape, and area (SADD) principles.	4
7157648691	Scale	Scale is the relationship between a distance portrayed on a map and the same distance on the Earth.	5
7157648692	Fuller Projection	The shape and size are accurate but the direction is completely lost	6
7157648693	Isoline Map	Map that shows lines or area connecting points of equal value	7
7157648694	Cartogram	size of the map equals the value	8
7157648695	Dot Density Map	number of dots equals the frequency of the data. more dots, more frequently it occurs in the area and vice versa	9
7157648696	Proportional Symbol map	Symbol size equal value. Bigger dots typically mean larger value and vice versa	10
7157648697	Chloropleth Map	Shade of the map indicated the density or value (colors too)	11
7157648698	Malthus Population Catastrophe	He predicted that global population increase and the food available could not sustain the growing population	12
7157648699	Neo Malthusians	Theory that agrees with Malthus but also says that we are also depleting natural resources with the growing population and accounts for the massive population growth in least developed countries. And says we need to control population growth but is hard in LDCs because of lack of medical resources. CONTRACEPTION	13
7157648700	Boserup's Hypothesis of Population (anti-Malthusian)	Population growth stimulates the advances is agriculture meaning that more food will be produced when faced with the challenge of a growing population. Contradicts malthusians	14
7157648701	Population Pyramid Components	-shows the age and genders of a given population in bar graph form. Age groups typically show five years (known as cohorts) . -Shape of the graph can vary due to birth rates and death rates. -dependency ratio can be determined ( this is the number of too young or too old compared to the working class cohorts, the working class cohorts have to support the too young or too old.)	15
7157648702	Population Pyramid Example Shapes	There are five stages to the population pyramid that make unique shapes. 1. Stage one is rapid expansion and has high birth rates and high death rates, mostly found super least developed countries. life expectancy is very low 2. Stage two is still expansion at higher rates characterized by still high birth rate but fall in death rate by medical supplies becoming more common. Still is more least developed countries transitioning into a more stable country 3. declining birth rate and lower death rate, more people are starting to live to an older age 4. Low birth rate and low death rate, starting to level out more and will have high dependency ratio 5. Birth rate has fallen below death rate and the population has started declining in the lower cohorts STAGE 1 AND 2 CAN BE COMBINED AS ONE	16
7157648703	Demographic Transition Model	It is used to explain and predict human population growth. It assumes that ALL countries go through four stages of population growth. It measures crude birth rate, crude death rate, and the population of a country. Stage 1-low growth- because of the high death rate even though it has a high birth rate. (all countries have passed this) Stage2- high growth-High birth rate, declining death rate, increasing rate of natural increase (African countries) Stage 3-moderate growth- declining birth rates, declining death rates, decreasing rate of natural increase but still population growth (latin America countries) stage 4- low growth- birth rate equals death rate== usually service based industries, stable rate of growth (Western European Nations) stage 5- declining rate of natural increase	17
7157648704	Demographic Transition Model Visual	The visual in one graph through the five stages	18
7157648705	Epidemiologic Transition Model	Focuses on the cause of each step in the Demographic transition model Stage 1-infectious diseases and famine- ((plague in the1300s killed 40 percent of Europeans)) Stage 2- epidemic and contagious diseases by overcrowding. Less pandemics because semi-improved health conditions (19th-century cholera) Stage 3- Human created diseases like cardio and cancer stage 4- humans live longer with the same diseases from stage three because better, longer treatments	19
7157648706	Epidemiologic Transition Model	The visuals for ETM As the stages increase in picture, the death rates decrease due to medical advances	20
7157648707	Gravity Model of Spatial Interaction	1)Measures the interactions between two places 2) Compares the distance between two cities to figure how much pulls for migration MAIN IDEA -big places have a larger pull -places closer together have a greater attraction so more migration between the two The formula is POP 1 * POP 2 / distance between two cities (subtract) ^2 ( then raise two second power)	21
7157648708	Ravenstein's Laws of Migration	created by english geographer, stated his principles are the basic principles for all migrations 1. most migrants go short distances if traveling in the same country. this refers back to distance decay( interactions increase or decrease when the distance between two places decreases or increases) 2. If a migrant is going to travel a long distance, it is most likely for a large city )this refers to gravity model because bigger places have a bigger pull) 3. rural populations are most likely to move to urban populations for better opportunities especially with jobs 4. individuals are more likely to migrate then families. Easier to pick yourself up and move then with family ( young children and older people) 5. every migration to a place causes a counterstream (movement that runs opposite of migration) 6. most migrants are young males (looking for work to support their families )	22
7157648709	Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition	Based on the demographic transition model ! each stage in the DTM has a unique pattern of migration. Stage 1: no migration, just movement that is cyclic or seasonal Stage 2: has the MOST migration because people are moving from rural farms to urban cities in search of work and people will move internationally. Usually people from stage two will move to stage three and four nations Stage 3 and 4: internal migration (within the nation), From cities to suburbs!	23
7157648710	Zelinsky Model of Migration Transition Visual	Shows three stages around the world and their chain migrations movements	24
7157648711	Indo-European Language	Indo European is the worlds largest family in languages There are 8 branches in the indo european family. 1. Indo-Iranian (south Asia)- HAS THE MOST SPEAKERS IN THE WORLD 2. Romance (Southwest Europe and Latin America)- MEANS IT COMES FROM LATIN 3. Germanic (Northwestern Europe and North America)- 4. Balto-Slavic (Eastern Europe) 5. Albanian 6. Armenian 7. Greek 8. Celtic English comes from the west germanic group.	25
7157648712	I-E Language Diffusion Theories (Agriculture, Conquest)	-- believed the Indo-European languages all came from Proto-Indo-European--- Two theories of diffusion: 1. Conquest theory - from the Kurgan hearth in steppe regions ( warriors who conquered asia and europe spreading the language) 2. Agricultural migration theory - from the Anatolian hearth in Turkey (peaceful farmers, spread language by trade and agriculture)	26
7157648713	Domino Theory	It was thought if one region became communistic, then the ideal would diffuse to the surrounding countries and then those countries would become communistic and so on. PROMOTED BY THE US	27
7157648714	Heartland Theory	Theory proposed that whoever controls eastern Europe controls the heartland, who then controls the world island. PRO WORLD DOMINATION Ultimately it's whoever controlled eurasia, would then control its peripheral countries and then the entire world island (Asia, europe)	28
7157648715	Rimland Theory	The opposite of heartland theory, not the heart of the world island! whoever controls the coastal area will control the world island, which in then says will control the world.	29
7157648716	Rank Size Rule	Helps determine the urban hierarchy -The nth largest city's population size in a region is 1/n the size of the region's largest city population	30
7157648717	World Systems Theory (Wallerstein)	The theory that stated if the developed world changed, it would ultimately cause a change in the developing world. (HAS A THREE TIER SYSTEM THAT SHOWS THIS) Core / semi-peripheral/ peripheral Core exploits peripheral by using their labor and natural materials peripheral are dependent core for MONEYYYY	31
7157648718	WST visual	Shows the ranking and hierarchy	32
7157648719	von Thünen's Agricultural Model	Model that shows products and their proximity to the market. It's located in rings with the central city the inner core. ITS BASICALLY HOW THE FARMLAND WILL BE USED IN PROXIMITY TO THE CITY. The order the rings are in are based on how perishable the products is (needs to be super close to market) and how expensive it was to transport. Inner-market 1st ring-dairy and market gardening 2nd ring- forestry (heavy logs) 3rd ring- field crops(didn't spoil and light to transport) 4th ring- animal grazing cause land is cheap FIRST THREE RINGS ARE INTENSIVE LAST RING IS EXTENSIVE	33
7157648720	von Thunen visual	CONCENTRIC RINGSSSS	34
7157648721	First Agricultural Revolution	AKA KNOWN AS NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION the switch 12,000 years ago from hunting and gathering (very nomadic) to settling down and growing crops (also using animals for livestock) and they realized that seeds could be used to grow foooood	35
7157648722	Second Agricultural Revolution	Around the 17th century Europe AGRICULTURE BOOMED ****was before the industrial revolution innovations made it easier for farmers to use less land and labor but produce the same amount of food. (tractor, cotton gin, plows)	36
7157648723	Third Agricultural Revolution	AKA GREEN REVOLUTION 1960s-1970s-enough food to feed the whole world -science advances (better fertilizers, better seeds) -Genetically modified foods came into play- created desirable traits in seeds by altering genes to make the "perfect crop" -big agribusiness helping globalize the world -poor countries got behind though because they could not afford the technologies -	37
7157648724	Liberal Models of Development (self-sufficiency / international trade	All nations can develop theory 1. Self Sufficiency spin on LMD- (used by China, India, Eastern European and African Nations) -money within the country will be spent EVENLY within all sectors of the country so the country will grow together. -businesses are kept LOCAL or NATIONAL -NO INTERNATIONAL TRADE -USES TRADE BARRIERS TO PREVENT INTERNATIONAL TRADE 2. International Trade spin on LMD -countries see what they have in abundance of and trade with other nations that want it. SUPPLY AND DEMAND ON INTERNATIONAL LEVEL	38
7157648725	Structuralist Model of Development (dependency theory)	Theory that the world will never let the Least developed nations fully develop like the current modern day countries. KEEPING THEM DOWN -says that they will never be able to catch up with the big boys resource and tech wise	39
7157648726	New International Division of Labor	the process of developed countries' jobs going to least developed countries because they have cheaper labor and fewer regulations. -Multinational companies- are focusing on low-cost production in LDCs and high profits in MDCs -Outsourcing- allows a company to relocate some or all of its production to cheaper locations (DOESNT HAVE TO BE OUT OF THE COUNTRY) -Offshore companies- do the vast majority of their business (production) outside of their home nation	40
7157648727	Rostow's Stages of Growth (Modernization Model)	The model that shows how each country develops when it goes through the stages (stages of the DTM similar) 1. STAGE ONE-TRADITIONAL SOCIETY -not started development -money is focused on military and religion -subsistence (feed your own family) agriculture 2. STAGE TWO-PRECONDITIONS FOR TAKEOFF -external influences start up some economic activity -country follows educated elitist and invest in technology and infrastructure -making the bones of a country 3. STAGE THREE-TAKE OFF -rapid growth in one area BUT other areas remain the same ole same ole 4. STAGE FOUR-DRIVE TO MATURITY -workers are skilled and educated -economic activities spread to all sectors of industry and market 5. STAGE FIVE-MASS CONSUMPTION -economic shift from industry to services	41
7157648728	Fordism	Transformed industrial ways--MASS PRODUCTION--- one task is done by one person in a process over and over again	42
7157648729	Post-Fordism	TEAM WORK MAKES THE DREAM WORK modern day spin on fordism where a team of people are assigned a task -very flexible -team performs a variety of task	43
7157648730	Location Interdependence Theory (Hotelling)	PROFIT MAXIMIZATION THEORY -Best location was next to competitors or IN THE MIDDLE OF THE MARKET because it draws a larger amount of customers in because customers will go to the closest market possible	44
7157648731	Weber Model of Industrial Location (Least Cost Theory)	FOCUSED ON PRODUCTION PRICE MINIMIZATION -Model that showed where industries should locate their factories relative to the market or source of raw materials. -three parts that affect where it should locate 1. labor 2. transportation 3. agglomeration 1. labor-locate where labor is the cheapest 2. bulkgaining industries should locate closer to the market because the heaviest material will be at the end of production.......bulk reducing industries locate near the raw material because it loses weight as production goes on 3. agglomeration helps by having similar industries to share similar equipment, talent, and workers	45
7157648732	Weber visual	ITS LOCATED NEAR THE HEAVIER MATERIAL< WATER	46
7157648733	Profit Maximization (Losch's Zone of Maximization)	CALCULATES WHAT REGION WILL CREATE THE MOST PROFIT. AREA WITH THE GREATEST AMOUNT OF INCOME-COST OF PRODUCTION . -zone of profitability is where the business can make money -doesn't always work due to the substitutional principle	47
7157648734	Bid-Rent Theory (Land Rent)	-BIG BUSINESSES (RETAIL) WILL SPEND LOTS OF MONEEEY TO GET THE BEST SPOT NEAR THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT. -manufacturing doesn't need to be close to CBD so they will pay cheaper prices of land farther away from CBD -suburbs pay the cheapest price because they are farthest away from CBD	48
7157648735	Bid-Rent visual	Farther away? lower price closer to the CBD? mpre expensive	49
7157648736	Borchert's Model of Urban Evolution	Predict the growth and evolution of cities based on innovative ideas around five phases of transportation STAGE 1:sailboats and wagons! main way of transportation from 1790-1830 STAGE 2: iron horse transportation 1830-1870 STAGE 3: steel horse transportation 1870-1920 STAGE 4: auto and air 1920-1970(planes, cars) STAGE 5: high technology (jets, supercars, rockets)	50
7157648737	Central Place Theory (Christaller)	Explained the patterns of urban land use!! -CENTRAL PLACES PROVIDED FOR PEOPLE IN THE SURROUNDING RURAL AREA -THRESHOLD is the minimum amount of people needed to exist in that area -range is the maximum distance a person will travel to go to the business -more unique a business is, the higher the threshold and range -have a hierarchy of village, town , city and central place (hence the dots within the hexagons)	51
7157648738	CPT Visual	red dot is central city surrounded by the city, towns, and villages in HEXAGON shape	52
7157648739	Concentric Circle (Burgess)	Theory that has concentric rings around the central business district. -each ring has consistently the same type of things in them -2nd ring is industry and slums (real close to the central business district) -3rd ring is the working class ring (easy travel distance to factories) -4th ring is middle-class house, farther away from city because they have enough money to pay for commute but are not quite in the commuter zone -rich people zone or commuter zone, people can afford to commute and typically have nice houses	53
7157648740	Concentric Model visual	rings grow out from central business district	54
7157648741	Sector Model (Hoyt)	City grows out from the central business district in wedges. Usually due to transportation advances -middle class around the high end people -low class people around the manufacturing and industry sector	55
7157648742	Sector model visual	Central district is in the middle -wedges grow out from the CBD	56
7157648743	Peripheral Model	central business district is surrounds by suburbs and businesses all tied together by a beltway that surrounds the city, suburbs, and businesses. beltway will lead out to a commerical strip and edge cities	57
7157648744	Peripheral model visual	EDGE CITIES ON THE PERIPHERAL	58
7157648745	Multiple-Nuclei Model	The central business district is not the only focal point that people will surround around. There will be other multiple nodes like airports and universities. -people will move towards some nodes while avoiding others	59
7157648746	Multiple-Nuclei visual	SEE THE MULTIPLE NODES THAT PEOPLE WILL CROWD AROUND	60
7157648747	Urban Realms Model	how a metropolis is spread out, realms link together and surround the central city which forms this gigantic metropolis -each realm is a seperate political, social, and economic entity linked together	61
7157648748	Urban realms visual	multiple realms hook onto another and form the glob of a metropolis in picture	62
7157648749	Latin American Cities Model	The center is the central business district the spine that comes off the central business district is for the wealthy, usually contains commercial residentials. Zone of maturity is the surrounding part of the central business district that has "matured" meaning all the infrastructure is complete and is well functioning. Zone of Situ accretion is the middle between the zone of maturity and the squatter settlements. It isn't really poor, but it's not fully developed. Zone of peripheral squatter settlements is the outermost ring farthest away from the central business district. It usually has little to no infrastructure and is a very poor region consisting of squatter homes	63
7157648750	Latin American cities visual	Middle class usually surronds both sides of the elite spine.	64
7157648751	SE Asian Cities Model	This model lacks a central business district, but it does have a port that shares many characteristics of a central business district. Zones surrounding the port are western commercial zone, government zone, alien commercial zone, and high-class zones. Mainly in the most developed parts of the city. Then there are squatter areas and suburbs on the next to last ring of the model, and finally on the outer level gardening zone (because land it cheapest away from port) Some industries are building on the very peripheral of the city	65
7157648752	SE Asian cities visual	Mixed land use zones are usually a mixture of commercial and "tradition central business district"	66
7157648753	African Cities Model	Contains three main central business districts that cluster in the middle of the city : traditional-single story buildings with traditional arch, colonial-vertical development, and market-open air, informal. Lack a lot of infrastructures so there are few roads but the main one does go through the three CBDs. Ethnic and mixed neighborhoods surround three CBDs which are then the squatter settlements are the informal townships.	67
7157648754	African cities visual	Moves from the richest in the center to the poorest on the peripheral part of the city	68

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10726277550	tradgedy of the commons	a term used in social science to describe a situation in a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.	0
10726292542	Dieback	a condition in which a tree or shrub begins to die from the tip of its leaves or roots backward, owing to disease or an unfavorable environment.	1
10726305197	contraceptive	a device or drug serving to prevent pregnancy.	2
10726315924	Emmigration	the act of leaving one's own country to settle permanently in another; moving abroad	3
10726319591	Immigration	the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.	4
10726510152	Family Planning	planning on how many kids, and when you want to have them.	5
10726527240	Baby Boom	a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.	6
10726545518	GDP	Gross Domestic Product: the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year.	7
10726574849	GNP	Gross national product: a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.	8
10726613943	Per Capita	for each person; in relation to people taken individually.	9
10726626415	age stucture	description of how many individuals fit into particular age categories; determines those of reproductive age/size of next generation	10
10726669922	Migration	Movement into or out of specific areas	11
10726675112	infant mortality rate	# of babies per/1,000 who die before their first birthday	12
10726709504	The GDP divided by the countries total population at mid year.	Per Capita GDP	13
10726730017	Doubling Time Formula	70/growth rate	14
10726745815	Natural Capital	The world's stocks of natural assets which include geology, soil, air, water and all living things.	15
10726764575	RFR (replacement fertility rate)	Replacement Fertility Rate: The average number of children born per woman at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.	16
10726804892	Graying Population	Graying Population: Population ageing is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy.	17
10726826656	I=PAT	Impact = Population x Affluence x Technology	18
10726831514	Enviornmental Degradation	The deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.	19
10726853763	Ecosystem Services	The many and varied benefits that humans freely gain from the natural environment and from properly-functioning ecosystems.	20
10726871000	Growth Rate Formula	(Crude birth rate + immigration rate) - (Crude death rate + emigration rate) = Growth rate	21
10726912722	Planetary Management	The intentional global-scale management of Earth's biological, chemical and physical processes and cycles (water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and others).	22
10726937302	ecological footprint	The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.	23
10726944729	Biocapacity	an estimate of its production of certain biological materials such as natural resources, and its absorption and filtering of other materials such as carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.	24
10726973514	Baby-Bust Generation	A temporary marked decrease in the birth rate. Consists of people born between 1965 and 1976	25
10727009673	world growth rate	1.09%	26
10727054002	graying population	Evidenced by a population pyramid showing a higher number of older, or elderly, people in its projection than younger, working-age people. The pyramid is top-heavy.	27
10727119953	Linear Growth	Growth in which a quantity increases by some fixed amount during each unit of time.	28
10727128670	population density	Number of individuals per unit area	29
10727147847	Population Growth Momentum	population growth at the national level that would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level. For countries with above-replacement fertility	30
10727170611	Dispersion	the pattern of distribution of individuals within a habitat.	31
10727185588	low-throughput economy	Economy based on working with nature by recycling and reusing discarded matter; preventing pollution; conserving matter and energy resources by reducing unnecessary waste and use; and building things that are easy to recycle, reuse, and repair.	32
10727204288	sustainable yield	Ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of capital itself, the surplus required to maintain nature's services at the same or increasing level over time. Example, in fisheries the basic natural capital decreases with extraction, but productivity increases; so the sustainable yield is within the ranch that the natural capital together with production are able to provide satisfactory yield.	33
10727216061	renewable resource	A natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed	34
10727219570	nonrenewable resource	Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans	35
10727231004	enviornmental ethics	A search for moral values and ethical principles in human relations with the natural world.	36
10727234429	economic poverty	a lack of money and other resources	37
10727251247	exponential growth	growth whose rate becomes ever more rapid in proportion to the growing total number or size.	38
10727264044	China's One Child Policy	- Law created in 1979 to slow down population growth and to prevent overpopulation	39
10727284011	Full-cost pricing	Pricing method that uses all relevant variable costs in setting a product's price and allocates those fixed costs not directly attributed to the production of the priced item.	40
10727331609	Natural Income	Natural Income is the annual yield from such sources of natural capital	41
10727377057	Enviornmental policy	Official rules concerning the environment that are implemented by the government	42
10727381779	developing countries	a poor agricultural country that is seeking to become more advanced economically and socially.	43
10727396236	enviornmental worldview	How people think the world works, where they fit, and ethics.	44
10727413006	cultural carrying capacity	the maximum number of people who could live in reasonable freedom and comfort indefinitely, without decreasing the ability of the earth to sustain future generations.	45
10727451826	crude birth rate	The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.	46
10727451827	crude death rate	The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society.	47

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