| CourseNotes

Ch. 2 AP World History Vocab Flashcards

10780826802	Mesopotamia	A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. In the Bronze Age this area included Sumer and the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian empires, In the Iron Age, it was ruled by the Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian empires. Importance- contributed to many advancements and lead the way for other empires.	0
10780839686	Fertile Crescent	an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began Importance- made farming easier, made it so people could settle.	1
10780847942	Summerians	The first people to build cities and invent legal system, justice code, weapons, writing etc. Importance- Contributed to many great advancements, such as cuneiform, and government.	2
10780855839	city-state	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state. Importance- Paved ways form better forms of government.	3
10780863589	Polythiestic	Belief in many gods Importance- shaped some current religions	4
10780873156	Ziggurats	temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped Importance- influences many other religions and cultures	5
10780883413	Cuneiform	A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables. It originated in Mesopotamia and was used initially for Sumerian and Akkadian but later was adapted to represent other languages of western Asia. Importance- made it easier to collect taxes, trade, etc.	6
10780892721	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing. Importance- Paved ways for other form of literary writings	7
10781016734	Code of Hammurabi	A collection of 282 laws. One of the first (but not THE first) examples of written law in the ancient world. Importance- helped give order and control over Babylonia.	8
10781052993	Phonecians	A group of people who became great sailors and merchants. They build fine ships from cedar wood and sailed to distant places. There most famous export (item they traded) was purple cloth. They also gave us the first alphabet, a system of writing containing signs that stood for single sounds. importance- they invented the first alphabet.	9
10784381772	Hebrews	A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history Importance- Shaped current Judaism, and christianity.	10
10784419963	Monotheism	belief in only one god Importance- shaped modern religions	11
10784442875	Jewish Dispora	the scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland, beginning in 586 B.C.E. Importance- spread ideas of Judasim	12
10791839662	Pharoh	A ruler of ancient Egypt Importance-set up government for centuries to come	13
10791915504	Hatshepsut and Cleopatra	Female pharaohs of Egypt Importance- empowered women and made women more important and respect	14
10792074551	Mummification	The preservation of dead bodies by embalming and wrapping them in cloth importance- had religious importance and helps historians understand egypt	15
10807800788	Hiroglyphics	Designating or pertaining to a pictographic script, particularly that of the ancient Egyptians, in which many of the symbols are conventionalized, recognizable pictures of the things represented Importance- had religious importance, writing on graves helped historians understand Egyptians and their life	16
10807807926	Papyrus	A reed that grows along the banks of the Nile River in Egypt. From it was produced a coarse, paper like writing medium used by the Egyptians and many other peoples in the ancient Mediterranean and Middle East. Importance- historians can gain knowledge about Egypt because they wrote information down.	17
10807818814	Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro	Major urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern. importance-largest city of the Indus valley civilization	18
10807832863	Aryans	nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system Importance- they developed a language called Sanskrit that was the base of many languages, including Spanish and Greek	19
10808076643	Sanskrit	(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism) Importance- base of many languages including English, Spanish, and Greek	20
10808100233	Vedas	Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. Importance- laid out Vedic religion	21
10808141137	Brahma	A Hindu god considered the creator of the world. Importance- Goal was to join Brahma by doing good deeds, so people were kinder and better.	22
10808181970	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties Importance- laid out rules for Hinduism	23
10808206075	Karma	The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. Importance- Hindus strived to get good karma causing a better society	24
10808360669	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths. Importance- Hindus wanted to achieve Mocksha so they did good things	25
10808399471	Shang Dynasty	(1766-1122 BCE) The Chinese dynasty that rose to power due to bronze metalurgy, war chariots, and a vast network of walled towns whose recognized this dynasty as the superior. Importance-china achieved many intellectual achievements, and cultural achievements	26
10808449450	Mandate of Heaven	a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source Importance- made people more loyal to the king	27
10808526894	Zhou Dynasty	A decentralized Chinese dynasty in China because of the massive size, and whose emperor was the first to claim to be a link between heaven and earth. Iron metallurgy increased in this dynasty. Importance- Changed war with iron, increased China's sized, and the use of coins started	28
10808618863	Chavin	The first major urban civilization in South America (900-250 B.C.E.). Its capital was located high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Chavin became politically and economically dominant in a densely populated region. Importance- started metallurgy, and made fishnets made of copper	29
10808649748	Olmec	Mesoamerican civilization in lower Mexico around 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE focused. Most remembered for their large stone heads. Importance- Core of all american civilizations.	30

Powered by Quizlet.com

week 1 Belief bias Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8995933538	lay theory	Cultural wisdom, past experience, expert opinion	0
8995941683	confirmation bias	Tendency to be more responsive to evidence that confirms one's beliefs and less responsive to evidence that challenges one's beliefs	1
8995955709	Selective Exposure	Biased search for supportive information	2
8996013802	Biased Threshold	Confirming arguments = Takes less to convince you Require less consistent evidence to accept hypothesis than inconsistent information to reject a hypothesis	3
8996024030	Alternative Hypotheses	The probability of that observation, given that the hypo is true, issubstantially larger than the probability of that observation given that the hypothesis is false	4
8996038499	Barnum effect	so vague that it represents everyone	5
8996046003	illusory covariation	a pattern that people believe they perceive in the data such that one variable predicts another	6
8996051240	Illusory Correlation	Tendency to overestimate relationship between variables that are related only very slightly or not at all	7
8996125947	Belief Perseverance	Tendency to continue endorsing a belief even when evidence has completely undermined it.	8

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP world history vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

10566476972	Agriculture	the science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock	0
10566476973	Monarchy	supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person.	1
10566476974	Absolute Monarchy	a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution	2
10566476975	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility, mostly upper class	3
10566476976	Bureaucracy	A system of managing government through departments run by APPOINTED OFFICIALS	4
10566476977	Chiefdom	a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'	5
10566476978	city-state	A sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.	6
10566476979	Coup de tat	a sudden decisive exercise of force in politics; especially : the violent overthrow or alteration of an existing government by a small group	7
10566476980	Democracy	A form of government in which citizens govern themselves	8
10566476981	Dynasty	A series of rulers from the same family	9
10566476982	hereditary monarch	a ruler who is the son or younger relative of the previous ruler	10
10566476983	King	highest-ranking leader of a group of people (male)	11
10566476984	Queen	Highest-ranking leader of a group of people (female)	12
10566476985	Ruler	a person who rules or governs; sovereign.	13
10566476986	Emperor	the ruler of an empire	14
10566476987	Matriarchy	A society ruled or controlled by women	15
10566476988	Patriarchy	a society ruled or controlled by men	16
10566476989	Oligarchy	A government ruled by a few powerful people	17
10566476990	Theocracy	A government controlled by religious leaders	18
10566476991	Revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.	19
10566476992	gender roles	Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex.	20
10566476993	indentured servant	A person who is bonded or contracted to work for another for a specified time	21
10566476994	Merchant	A person who makes money by selling goods	22
10566476995	Nobility	a class of people having high birth or rank	23
10566476996	peasant	a poor farm worker	24
10566476997	Rural	Countryside	25
10566476998	Scribe	a person who writes things down	26
10566476999	Serfs	peasants and poor farmers who lived on and farmed land in feudal times.	27
10566477000	Shaman	a person believed to have the power to summon spirits and heal the sick	28
10566477001	Slave	a person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them.	29
10566477002	Urban	city	30
10566477003	Afterlife	life after death	31
10566477004	Caste	a rigid and hereditary social class	32
10566477005	Deities	gods and goddesses	33
10566477006	Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, and among the earliest known works of literary writing.	34
10566477007	gods	a superhuman being or spirit worshiped as having power over nature or human fortunes; a deity.	35
10566477008	Karma	in Hindu belief, the sum of good and bad actions in one's present and past lives	36
10566477009	Mandate of Heaven	in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority	37
10566477010	Monotheism	Belief in one God	38
10566477011	Mummification	embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping it as a mummy	39
10566477012	Mythology	A body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works	40
10566477013	Oracle bones	Used to predict the future	41
10566477014	Polytheism	Belief in many gods	42
10566477015	Pyramid	Huge, triangular shaped burial tombs of Egyptian pharaohs built during the Old Kingdom	43
10566477016	Ritual	relating to a ceremony, such as a religious ceremony	44
10566477017	Sati	a former practice in India whereby a widow threw herself onto her husband's funeral pyre.	45
10566477018	sacrifice	an act of slaughtering an animal or person or surrendering a possession as an offering to God or to a divine or supernatural figure.	46
10566477019	Scripture	sacred writings	47
10566477020	Temples	a building devoted to the worship, or regarded as the dwelling place, of a god or gods or other objects of religious reverence.	48
10566477021	Yah weh	Another name form God	49
10566477022	Ziggurats	temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped	50

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Period 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

10549628843	Agriculture	The practice of raising crops or livestock on a continual and controlled basis.	0
10549628844	Artisan	A skilled craftsperson.	1
10549628845	Domestication	The taming of animals and plants for human use, such as for labor or food.	2
10549628846	Eurasia	The large landmass that includes both Europe and Asia.	3
10549628847	Animism	The belief that animals, Rivers, and other elements of nature embody spirits.	4
10549628848	Hunter-foragers	People who survived by hunting animals and foraging for seeds, nuts, fruits, and edible roots.	5
10549628849	Irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land, the people would use water from the rivers to irrigate their crops.	6
10549628850	Metallurgy	The science of the study of metals.	7
10549628851	Migration	A movement from one country or region to another.	8
10549628852	Monotheism	The belief in one God.	9
10549628853	Paleolithic Period	Old Stone Age, where humanos used stone tools and weapons.	10
10549628854	Specialization of labor	The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work.	11
10549628855	Surplus	Having more resources than needed for themselves.	12
10549628856	Textile	Items made of cloth, would be weaved by women and then decorated, usually all at home.	13
10549628857	Urbanization	An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.	14
10549628858	Overgrazing	The continual eating of grasses or their roots, without allowing them to regrow.	15
10549628859	Overfarming	Land loosing its fertility unless it is left fallow or it was fertilized usually by spreading of animal manure.	16
10549628860	Artifacts	Objects made and used by early humans, usually dug up by archaeologists.	17
10549628861	Homo Sapiens Sapiens	Also known as "early modern humans" who became the only hominids on earth- us.	18
10549628862	Neolithic Revolution	The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle.	19
10549628863	Bronze Age	The period in ancient human culture when people began to make and use bronze.	20
10549628864	Civilization	The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	21
10549628865	Jericho	One of the oldest first human cities that was built on the West Bank of the Jordan river.	22
10549628866	Catal Huyuk	Ancient city in present dat Turkey that was founded in 7500 B.C.E. along a river that has since dried up.	23
10549628867	Nomadic Pastoralism	People moving herds of animals from pasture to pasture.	24
10549628868	Kinship Group	Several related families that moved together in search of food.	25
10549628869	Clan	Group of families with a common ancestor.	26
10549628870	Tribe	A group of people who share a common ancestry, language, name, and way of living.	27
10549628871	Patriarchal	Relating to a society in which men hold the greatest legal and moral authority.	28
10549628872	Merchants	People who buy and sell goods also known as traders.	29
10549628873	Social Stratification	The division of society into groups arranged in a social hierarchy. Some people accumulated wealth in the form of jewelry and others coveted items by building larger and better decorated houses.	30
10549628874	Priests and Priestesses	People who performed religious ceremonies.	31
10549628875	Tigris and Euphrates Rivers	Flow south from modern day Turkey through what is now Iraq to empty into the Persian Gulf.	32
10549628876	Mesopotamia	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers where many ancient civilizations arose from.	33
10549628877	Fertile Crescent	An arc of fertile land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf .	34
10549628878	Sumerians	Group of nomadic pastoralists that migrated into Mesopotamia and created a civilization of Sumer that provided the core and the foundation of several other civilizations.	35
10549628879	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	36
10549628880	Desertification	The spread of desert like conditions.	37
10549628881	Indus River Valley	Developed near water and became the core and foundation of later civilizations in the region.	38
10549628882	Environmental Degradation	Caused the gradual decline and eventual disappearance of the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations by soil eroding.	39
10549628883	Deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	40
10549628884	Loess	A wind-formed deposit made of fine particles of clay and silt.	41
10549628885	Mesoamerica	An area of ancient civilization in what is now Central America.	42
10549628886	Glyphs	The first writing system in the Americas that used pictures and symbols of real ojects.	43
10549628887	Barter	Trading system in which people exchange goods directly without using money.	44
10549628888	Polytheistic	Belief in many gods.	45
10549628889	Ziggurats	Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped.	46
10549628890	Astronomy	The study of the moon, stars, and other objects in space.	47
10549628891	Astrology	Theory of the influence of planets and stars on human events.	48
10549628892	Abraham	Founder of Judaism.	49
10549628893	Moses	Led the Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt; received the 10 commandments.	50
10549628894	Ten Commandments	Laws given by God to Moses that tell Jews how to behave in their daily lives.	51
10549628895	Jewish Diaspora	The scattering of the Jewish people outside their homeland beginning about 586 B.C.E.	52
10549628896	The Huang He and The Chiang Jiang	Where Chinas first civilizations developed.	53
10549628897	Mummification	Involved removing the body's internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth.	54
10549628898	Hieroglyphics	Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.	55
10549628899	Papyrus	A type of plant that grew along the Nile River, used its fibers to create a type of paper.	56
10549628900	Vedas	A collection of Aryan religious hymns, poems, and songs.	57
10549628901	Vedic Age	Aryans growing awareness of Dravidian beliefs.	58
10549628902	Brahma	Overarching, universal soul that connects all creatures on Earth.	59
10549628903	Dharma	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties.	60
10549628904	Karma	The effects that good or bad actions have on a person's soul.	61
10549628905	Moksha	The Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.	62
10549628906	Ancestor Veneration	The believe of making offerings to their ancestors in hope to win their favor.	63
10549628907	Golden Age	A period in which a society or culture is at its peak.	64
10549628908	Mandate of Heaven	A just rulers power was bestowed by the gods.	65
10549628909	Upanishads	A foundational text for the set of religious beliefs that later became known as Hinduism.	66
10549628910	Pictographs	A graphic symbol that represents an idea, concept, or object, rather than representing a single sound, as letter systems do.	67
10549628911	Shamans	People who believed to have special abilities to cure the sick and influence the future.	68
10549628912	Core and Foundational civilizations	Civilizations that developed ways of life, such as language, religious beliefs, and economic practices, that would heavily influence successor civilizations in their regions.	69
10549628913	City-State	Typically covered several hundred square miles and were independent each with its own government.	70
10549628914	Kings	Sumerian military leaders became more important than priests and ruled over a territory known as a kingdom.	71
10549628915	Cuneiform	Sumerians created it to keep records which consisted of marks carved onto wet clay tablets.	72
10549628916	Scribes	Individuals who were charged first with record-keeping and later with the writing of history and myths.	73
10549628917	The Epic of Gilgamesh	An epic poem from Mesopotamia, is among the earliest surviving works of literature.	74
10549628918	Empire	Large territory that included diverse cultural groups.	75
10549628919	Babylonians	Persians who took control of Mesopotamia and built a new capital city called Babylon.	76
10549628920	Hammurabi	Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC), and created a set of laws called the Code of Hammurabi.	77
10549628921	Code of Hammurabi	Law code introduced when Hammurabi of Babylon took over Sumer in 1760 BC, that dealt with topics such as property rights, wages, contracts, marriage, and various crimes.	78
10549628922	Phoenicians	Most powerful traders along the Mediterranean, that occupied parts of present day Lebanon, Israel, and Jordan around 3000 B.C.E.	79
10549628923	Carthage	A Phoenician colony on the coast of North Africa, that became a significant outpost in the region.	80
10549628924	Alphabetic script	A system of symbols (letters) that represent the sounds of speech, as an alternative to cuneiform around 1000 B.C.E.	81
10549628925	Sahara and Kalahari Deserts	Two desert zones one in Northern Africa and the other in Southern Africa.	82
10549628926	Nile River	The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around.	83
10549628927	King Menes	United Upper and Lower Egypt into a single kingdom and created the first royal dynasty.	84
10549628928	Old Kingdom	A period in Egyptian history that lasted from about 2700 BC to 2200 BC.	85
10549628929	Middle Kingdom	A period of order and stability that lasted until about 1750 BC.	86
10549628930	New Kingdom	The period during which Egypt reached the height of its power and glory.	87
10549628931	Pharaoh	A king of ancient Egypt, considered a god as well as a political and military leader.	88
10549628932	Theocrats	Rulers holding both religious and political power.	89
10549628933	Hyksos	A group of nomadic invaders from southwest Asia who ruled Egypt from 1640 to 1570 B.C.	90
10549628934	Akhenaton	The pharaoh that tried to change Egypts religion and called for the worship of a sun god called Aten.	91
10549628935	Ramses the Great	Took the throne around 1290 B.C.E. who expanded the empire into Southwest Asia and built more temples and erected more statues than any other pharaoh.	92
10549628936	Hittites	Had military advantage over the Egyptians because they were beginning to use iron tools and weapons.	93
10549628937	Book of the Dead	Scrolls that served as a guide for the afterlife in ancient Egypt.	94
10549628938	Dravidians	Indigenous peoples of the Indian subcontinent.	95
10549628939	Xia Dynasty	Lasted for about 400 years, little is known because early Chinese had no writing system.	96
10549628940	Shang Dynasty	Ruled for 600 years, conquered neighboring peoples and established an empire, wielded tremendous economic and religious power.	97
10549628941	Zhou Dynasty	The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.	98
10549628942	Feudalism	The network of regional rulers with relationships based on mutual defense agreements.	99
10549628943	Maize	One of the first important plants to be grown by the indigenous Americans.	100
10549628944	Chavin Civilization	Existed from around 1000 to 200 B.C.E, and centered at Chavin de Huantar.	101
10549628945	Olmec	The foundation or core of Mesoamerica advanced civilizations.	102
10549628946	Aboriginals	People in Australia who remained hunter-foragers.	103
10549628947	Easter Island	Divided into clans, with a chief for each clan and one chief over all clans.	104

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Human Geography: Language Flashcards

Language

Terms : Hide Images

11452694094	Dialect	A particular form of a language that is particular to a specific region or social group.	0
11452694095	Extinct Language	An extinct language is a language that no longer has any speakers, or that is no longer in current use.	1
11452694096	Ideogram	A written character symbolizing the idea of a thing without indicating the sounds used to say it. An Example: 6 (six)	2
11452694097	Isogloss	A geographic boundary line delimiting the area in which a given linguistic feature occurs.	3
11452694098	Isolated Language	a natural language with no demonstrable genealogical (or "genetic") relationship with other languages; that is, one that has not been demonstrated to descend from an ancestor common with any other language. i.e A language family with only one language.	4
11452694099	Language Branch	A Subsection of a Language Family. i.e The Romance "-------" of the Indo-European language family.	5
11452694100	Language	The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.	6
11452694101	Language Group	A Collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary.	7
11452694102	Language Family	A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history	8
11452694103	Indo European language family	Largest language family that includes English and most other languages in the Western Hemisphere. Also used in South and Southwest Asia.	9
11452694104	Sino-Tibetan Language Family	2nd largest language family. Includes Madarin, Thai, Cantonese and Burmese	10
11452694105	Lingua Franca	A Language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages	11
11452694106	Literary Tradition	A Language that is written as well as spoken	12
11452694107	Monolingual	The condition of being able to speak only a single language	13
11452694108	Bilingual	The ability to speak two languages	14
11452694109	Multilingual	The ability to speak multiple languages	15
11452694110	Official Language	The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents.	16
11452694111	Pidgin Language	A Form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages.	17
11452694112	Standard Language	The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications.	18
11452694113	Trade Language	A language, especially a pidgin, used by speakers of different native languages for communication in commercial trade.	19
11452694114	Vernacular	Using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language. It is usually the language of the common people.	20
11452694115	Creole	a mother tongue formed from the contact of two languages through an earlier pidgin stage	21
11452694116	Denglish	The term is used in all German-speaking countries to refer to the increasingly strong influx of macaronic (slang) English or pseudo-English vocabulary into German.	22
11452694117	Franglais	a form of French using many words and idioms borrowed from English.	23
11452694118	Ebonics	American black English regarded as a language in its own right rather than as a dialect of standard English	24
11452694119	Spanglish	a hybrid language combining words and idioms from both Spanish and English, especially Spanish speech that uses many English words and expressions.	25
11452694120	Institutional Language	Professional language (not slang)	26
11452694121	Developing Language	Language used daily for face-to-face communication, includes a standard written expression, but not used by people all the time	27
11452694122	Vigorous Language	Language used daily by all ages but doesn't include a written expression	28
11452694123	Subdialect	Broken down version of dialects, usually very close to each other but may differ in pronunciation of local words.	29
11452694124	Received Pronunciation	the standard form of British English pronunciation, based on educated speech in southern England.	30
11452694125	Vulgar Latin	Informal Latin spoken by common folk (farmers, soldiers, etc.) in classical times	31

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Vocab Unit 1 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

10653702242	Squalid	extremely dirty and unpleasant	0
10653702243	Exotica	things that are curiously unusual or excitingly strange	1
10653702244	Ethereal	light and delicate in a way that seems too perfect for this world	2
10653702245	Exhortation	a statement that is made to urge someone to do something	3
10653702246	Outlandish	looking or sounding bizarre or unfamiliar	4
10653702247	Cliché	a phrase or opinion that is overused and shows a lack of originality	5
10653702248	Entity	any thing with a distinct and independent existence; an organization or institution	6
10653702249	Mundane	lacking interest or excitement; dull	7
10653702250	Guttural	describing a speech sound that comes from the throat	8
10653702251	Pervasive	spreading widely throughout an area or among a group of people, especially in an undesirable way	9
10653702252	Alluring	Mysteriously attractive, seductive	10
10653702253	Succumbing	Failing to resist a pressure, temptation, or other negative force	11
10653702254	Intrinsic	belonging to one's essential nature, inborn, built in	12
10653702255	Flabbergasted	extremely surprised or shocked	13
10653702256	Allegory	a story that can be understood on two levels: symbolic and literal.	14

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP LITERATURE Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

8524709148	Allegory	A work that functions on a symbolic level	0
8524709149	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds	1
8524709150	Allusion	A reference contained in a work to an event in history or to another piece of literature	2
8524709151	Anapest	A metrical foot consisting of two unaccented syllables followed by one accented syllable.	3
8524709152	Antagonist	A character or force in conflict with the main character	4
8524709153	Apostrophe	Direct address in poetry	5
8524709154	Aside	Words spoken by an actor intended to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on stage	6
8524709155	Aubade	A love poem set at dawn which bids farewell to the beloved	7
8524709156	Ballad	A simple narrative poem, often incorporating dialogue that is written in quatrains, generally with a rhyme scheme a,b,c,d	8
8524709157	blank verse	unrhymed iambic pentameter	9
8524709158	cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary work	10
8524709159	Caesura	A break or pause within a line of poetry indicated by punctuation and used to emphasize meaning	11
8524709160	Catharsis	The release of emotion that the audience of a tragedy experiences	12
8524709161	character	one who carries out the action of the plot in literature	13
8524709162	Climax	The turning point of action or character in a literary work, usually the highest moment of tension	14
8524709163	comic relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work	15
8524709164	conflict	A clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man v man; man v nature; man v God; man v self	16
8524709165	Connotation	The interpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning	17
8524709166	Convention	A traditional aspect of a literary work, such as a soliloquy in a Shakespearean play or a tragic hero in a Greek tragedy	18
8524709167	Couplet	2 lines of rhyming poetry; often used by Shakespeare to conclude a scene or an important passage	19
8524709168	Dactyl	A foot of poetry consisting of a stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables	20
8524709169	Denotation	Literal or dictionary meaning of a word	21
8524709170	Denouncement	the conclusion or tying up of loose ends in a literary work; the resolution of the conflict and plot	22
8524709171	Deus ex machina	a Greek invention, literally "the god from the machine" who appears at the last moment and resolves the loose ends of a play. Today the term refers to anyone, usually of some stature, who untangles, resolves, or reveals the key to the plot of a work.	23
8524709172	Diction	author's choice of words	24
8524709173	Dramatic monolouge	a type of poem that presents a conversation between a speaker and an implied listner	25
8524709174	Elegy	a poem that laments the dead or a loss.	26
8524709175	Enjambment	a technique in poetry that involves the running on of a line or stanza. It enables the poem to move and to develop coherence as well as directing the reader with regard to form and meaning	27
8524709176	Epic	a lengthy, elevated poem that celebrates the exploits of a hero	28
8524709177	Epigram	a brief witty poem. Pope often utilizes this form for satiric commentary	29
8524709178	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work	30
8524709179	Exposition	background information presented in a literary work	31
8524709180	Fable	a simple, symbolic story, usually employing animals as characters	32
8524709181	Figurative language	the body of devices that enables the writer to operate on levels other than a literal one. Includes metaphor, simile, symbol, motif, hyperbole, & others	33
8524709182	Flashback	A devices that enables a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, episodes	34
8524709183	Foot	metrical unit in poetry; a syllabic measure of a line: iamb, trochee, anapest, dactyl, & spondee	35
8524709184	Foreshadowing	hints of future events in a literary work	36
8524709185	Form	the shape or structure of literary work	37
8524709186	Free Verse	poetry without a defined form, meter, or rhyme scheme	38
8524709187	Hyperbole	extreme exaggeration	39
8524709188	Iamb	a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented one; the most common poetic foot in the English language	40
8524709189	Idyll	a type of lyric poem which extols the virtues of an ideal place or time	41
8524709190	Image	a verbal approximation of a sensory impression, concept, or emotion	42
8524709191	Imagery	total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature	43
8524709192	Impressionism	writing that reflects a personal image of a character, event, or concept	44
8524709193	Irony	unexpected twist or contrast between what happens and what was intended to happen or expected to happen. It involves dialogue and situation; and it can be intentional or unplanned. Dramatic irony centers around the ignorance of those involved while the audience is aware of the circumstances	45
8524709194	Lyric Poetry	a type of poetry characterized by emotion, personal feelings, and brevity; a large and inclusive category of poetry that exhibits rhyme, meter, and reflective thought	46
8524709195	Magical Realism	a type of literature that explores narratives by and about characters who inhabit and experience their reality differently from what we term the objective world.	47
8524709196	Metaphor	direct comparison between dissimilar things	48
8524709197	Metaphysical poetry	refers to the work of poets like John Donne who explore highly complex, philosophical ideas through extended metaphors and paradox	49
8524709198	Meter	pattern of beats in poetry	50
8524709199	Metonymy	figure of speech in which a representative term is used for larger ideas ("The pen is mightier than the sword")	51
8524709200	Monologue	a speech given by one character	52
8524709201	Motif	the repetition or variations of an image or idea in a work which is used to develop theme or characters	53
8524709202	Narrative Poem	poem that tells a story	54
8524709203	Narrator	speaker of the literary work	55
8524709204	Octave	8-line stanza, usually combined with a sestet in a Petrarch sonnet	56
8524709205	Ode	formal, lengthy poem that celebrates a particular subject	57
8524709206	Onomatopoeia	words that sound like the sound they represent	58
8524709207	Oxymoron	an image of contradictory terms (bittersweet, pretty ugly, giant economy size)	59
8524709208	Parable	story that operates on more than 1 level and usually teaches a moral lesson	60
8524709209	Paradox	set of seemingly contradictory elements which nevertheless reflects an underlying truth. ("Come, Lady, die to live")	61
8524709210	Parallel Plot	secondary story line that mimics and reinforces the main plot (Hamlet loses his father so does Ophelia)	62
8524709211	Parody	comic imitation of a work that ridicules the original	63
8524709212	Pathos	aspects of a literary work that elicit pity from the audience	64
8524709213	Personification	assigning human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts	65
8524709214	Plot	sequence of events in a literary work	66
8524709215	Point of View	method of narration in a work	67
8524709216	Protagonist	hero or main character in a literary work, the character the audience sympathizes with	68
8524709217	Quatrain	4-line stanza	69
8524709218	Resolution	denouncement of a literary work	70
8524709219	Rhetorical Question	a question that doesn't expect an explicit answer. It is used to pose an idea to be considered by the speaker or audience	71
8524709220	Rhyme/rime	duplication of final syllable sounds in 2 or more lines	72
8524709221	Rhyme Scheme	annotation of the pattern of the rhyme	73
8524709222	Rhythm	repetitive pattern of beats in poetry	74
8524709223	Romanticism	a style or movement of literature that has as its foundation an interest in freedom, adventure, idealism, and escape	75
8524709224	Satire	a mode of writing based on ridicule, which criticizes the foibles and follies of society without necessarily offering a solution	76
8524709225	Scansion	analysis of a poem's rhyme and meter	77
8524709226	Sestet	a 6-line stanza, usually paired with an octave to form a Petrarchan sonnet	78
8524709227	Sestina	a highly structured poetic form of 39 lines, written in iambic pentameter. It depends upon the repetition of 6 words from the first stanza in each of the 6 stanzas	79
8524709228	Setting	time and place of a literary work	80
8524709229	Simile	an indirect comparison that uses the word "like" or "as" to link the differing items in the comparison	81
8524709230	Soliloquy	a speech in a play which is used to reveal the character's inner thoughts to the audience (Hamlet's "To be or not to be....")	82
8524709231	Sonnet	a 14-line poem with a prescribed rhyme scheme in iambic pentameter	83
8524709232	Spondee	a poetic foot consisting of 2 accented syllables	84
8524709233	Stage Directions	Specific instructions a play-wright includes concerning sets, characterization, delivery, etc.	85
8524709234	Stanza	a unit of a poem, similar in rhyme, meter, and length to other units in the poem	86
8524709235	Structure	organization and form of a work	87
8524709236	Style	The unique way an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular style.	88
8524709237	Subplot	a secondary plot that explores ideas, different from the main storyline. (subplot of Hamlet would be him dealin with his love for Ophelia)	89
8524709238	Subtext	Implied meaning of a work or section of a work	90
8524709239	Symbol	Something in a literary work that stands for something else	91
8524709240	Synecdoche	a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole ("All hands on deck" is an example)	92
8524709241	Syntax	the grammatical structure of prose and poetry	93
8524709242	Tercet	a 3-line stanza	94
8524709243	Theme	Underlying ideas that the author illustrates through characterization, motifs, language, plots, etc.	95
8524709244	Tone	Author's attitude towards the subject	96
8524709245	Tragic Hero	A basically good person of noble birth or exalted position who has a fatal flaw or commits an error in judgement which leads to his downfall. The tragic hero must have a moment of realization and live and suffer.	97
8524709246	Trochee	A single metrical foot consisting of 1 accented (stressed/long) syllable followed by 1 unaccented (unstressed/short) syllable	98
8524709247	Understatement	The opposite of an exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intnede	99
8524709248	Villanelle	A highly structured poetic form that comprises 6 stanzas: 5tercets and a quatrain. The poem repeats the first and third lines throughout	100

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Ways of the World Chapter 1 Flashcards

Terms from Ways of the World Chapter 1

Terms : Hide Images

10494714758	Venus Figurines	Paleolithic carvings of female form, often with exaggerated breasts, buttocks, hips and stomachs, which may have had religious significance.	0
10494714759	Trance Dance	In San culture, a nightlong ritual held to activate a human being's inner spiritual potency (n/um) to counteract evil influences of gods and ancestors. Common to the Khoisan people.	1
10494714760	Shaman	In early societies, a person believed to have the ability to act as a bridge between living humans and supernatural forces, often by means of trances induced by pyschoactive drugs.	2
10494714761	Paleolithic "settling down"	The process by which some Paleolithic peoples moved toward permanent settlement in the wake of the last Ice Age. Settlement was marked by increasing storage of food and accumulation of goods as well as growing inequalities in society.	3
10494714762	"The original affluent society"	Term coined by scholar Marshall Sahlins in 1972 to describe Paleolithic societies which he regarded as affluent not because of having too much, but because they wanted and needed so little.	4
10494714763	Megafaunal Extinction	Dying out of a large number of animal species, including the mammoth and several species of horses and camels, that occured around 11,000-10,000 years ago, at the end of the Ice Age.	5
10494714764	Dreamtime	A native Australian Aborigines' belief; Dreamtime is a place beyond time and space in which the past, present, and future exist wholly as one. Tribes-people could enter this alternate universe through dreams or various states of altered consciousness, as well as death, Dreamtime being considered the final destination before reincarnation.	6
10494714765	Clovis Culture	The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of N. America; distinctive because they hunted large animals; Mammoth, Bison. named from a particular kind of projectile point (See image)	7
10494714766	Austronesian Migrations	The last phase of the great human migration that established a human presence in every habitable region on Earth. These people settled in the Pacific Islands and Madagascar in a series of seaborne migrations that began around 3500 years ago.	8
10494714767	Banpo	A Chinese archeological site where the remains of a significant Neolithic village have been found	9
10494714768	Bantu Migration	The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples from their homeland in what is now southern Nigeria or Cameroon to most of Africa in a process that started ca. 3000 BCE and continued for several millennia.	10
10494714769	Catalhuyuk	A settlement in present day southern Turkey, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000BC. It is the largest and best-preserved Neolithic site found to date.	11
10494714770	Chiefdom	A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people.	12
10494714771	Diffusion	The gradual spread of agricultural techniques without extensive population movement.	13
10494714772	Fertile Crescent	Region sometimes known as Southwest Asia that includes the modern states of Iraq, Syria, Israel/Palestine, and southern Turkey; the earliest home of agriculture.	14
10494714773	Pastoral Society	A human society that relies on domesticated animals rather than plants as the main source of food; lead their animals to seasonal grazing grounds rather than settling permanently in a single location.	15
10494714774	"Secondary Products Revolution"	A term used to describe the series of technological changes that began ca. 4000 BCE, as people began to develop new uses for their domesticated animals, exploiting a new source of power.	16
10494714775	Teosinte	The wild ancestor of maize.	17
10494714776	Ishi	was the last member of the Yahi, a group of the Yana people of the U.S. state of California. Widely acclaimed in his time as the "last wild Indian" in America, Ishi lived most of his life completely outside modern culture. At about 49 years of age, in 1911, he emerged from "the wild" near Oroville, California, leaving his ancestral homeland.	18
10494714777	Göbekli Tepe	A ceremonial site (in modern day Turkey) of a hunting and gathering society. This type of structure is normally only associated with agricultural societies	19