Flashcards
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10521625907 | Archipelago | A sea or *stretch of water* containing many islands |  | 0 |
| 10521629913 | Canal | an *artificial waterway* constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation. |  | 1 |
| 10521636089 | Cape | a *strip of land* projecting into a *body of water* |  | 2 |
| 10521638674 | Eastern/Western Hemisphere | Half of the earth that is *East* of the Prime Meridian. Half of the earth that is *West* of the Prime Meridian. |  | 3 |
| 10521640900 | Peninsula | a piece of land *almost surrounded by water* or projecting out into a body of water. |  | 4 |
| 10521643087 | Terrace Farming | a type of farming that consists of different "steps" or *terraces* that were developed in various places *around the world.* |  | 5 |
| 10521644503 | River Valley | land *drained or watered* by a river |  | 6 |
| 10521653285 | Longitude | Distance *east or west* of the prime meridian, measured in degrees |  | 7 |
| 10521658379 | Latitude | Distance *north or south* of the equator |  | 8 |
| 10521661512 | Desertification | Any change of *fertile* land into *desert* |  | 9 |
| 10521664200 | Ethnocentric | evaluating other peoples and *cultures* according to the standards of *one's own culture.* |  | 10 |
| 10521665826 | Arable | suitable for *growing crops* |  | 11 |
| 10521667217 | Isthmus | A *narrow strip of land* connecting *two larger land areas* |  | 12 |
| 10521669003 | Gulf | a *deep inlet of the sea* almost surrounded by land, with a *narrow mouth.* |  | 13 |
| 10521670284 | Plateau | A large area of *flat land* elevated *high above sea* level |  | 14 |
| 10521672864 | Deforestation | the *loss or destruction* of forests, mainly for logging or farming |  | 15 |
AP World History Summer HW Key Concept 1.2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 7188073589 | Afro-Eurasia | a vast region made up of Africa, Europe, and Asia | 0 | |
| 7188073590 | Agrarian societies | societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (crop growing) | 1 | |
| 7188073591 | agricultural revoltion | time of agricultural developments during the Middle Ages | 2 | |
| 7188073771 | andes | -a mountain chain of western South America -a mountain range in W South America, extending about 4500 miles (7250 km) from N Colombia and Venezuela S to Cape Horn. Highest peak, Aconcagua, 22,834 feet (6960 meters). | 3 | |
| 7188073772 | artisans | skilled workers who make goods by hand | 4 | |
| 7188073773 | demography | Scientific study of human populations. | 5 | |
| 7188073774 | domestication | the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food | 6 | |
| 7188073775 | elites | a group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status | 7 | |
| 7188073776 | erosion | Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away | 8 | |
| 7188074109 | gender relation | Interactions between the sexes, especially regarded as a field of study | 9 | |
| 7188074110 | hierarchy | A group organized by rank | 10 | |
| 7188074498 | Huang he (yellow) River | Second longest river in China also known as the Yellow River or China's sorrow | 11 | |
| 7188074499 | Indus River | a large river surrounded by fertile land in modern India/Pakistan. | 12 | |
| 7188074500 | Labor | productive activity, especially for the sake of economic gain. | 13 | |
| 7188074501 | Mediterranean | A large sea between two continents, southern Europe and northern Africa | 14 | |
| 7188074641 | Mesoamerica | "Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America | 15 | |
| 7188074642 | Mesopotamia | -Land between two rivers -an ancient region in W Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers: now part of Iraq. | 16 | |
| 7188074643 | metallurgy | the science of working with metals | 17 | |
| 7188074644 | neolithic | "New Stone Age" -Anthropology. of, relating to, or characteristic of the last phase of the Stone Age, marked by the domestication of animals, the development of agriculture, and the manufacture of pottery and textiles: commonly thought to have begun c9000-8000 b.c. in the Middle East. | 18 | |
| 7188075504 | neolithic revolution | The switch from nomadic lifestyles to a settled agricultural lifestyle is this revolution. | 19 | |
| 7188075716 | nile river | The river in which early kingdoms in Egypt were centered around. -a river in E Africa, the longest in the world, flowing N from Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean. | 20 | |
| 7188075717 | papua new guinea | country with many languages once part of Indonesia -an independent republic in the W Pacific Ocean, comprising the E part of New Guinea and numerous near-lying islands, including the Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, the Trobriand Islands, and Bougainville and Buka in the Solomon Islands: a former Australian Trusteeship Territory; independent since 1975; member of the Commonwealth of Nations | 21 | |
| 7188075718 | pastoralist societies | Daily life is centered upon the tending of herds or flocks. Typically nomadic (wondering) | 22 | |
| 7188075989 | patriarchy | A society dominated by men - a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. | 23 | |
| 7188075990 | plows | used to dredge land in order to plant seeds; increases the efficiency of farming | 24 | |
| 7188075991 | pottery | clay has been used to make this since antiquity container made from clay: used for storing items like seeds and water -ceramic ware, especially earthenware and stoneware | 25 | |
| 7188075992 | specialization | A focus on a particular activity or area of study | 26 | |
| 7188076155 | sub-saharan africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara. |  | 27 |
| 7188076333 | urban societies | A society that is typical of modern industrial civilization and heterogeneous in cultural tradition, that emphasizes secular values, and that is individualized rather than integrated | 28 | |
| 7188076334 | warriors | Persons experienced in fighting battles | 29 | |
| 7188076335 | water control systems | Controls the flow of water in a certain area. | 30 | |
| 7188076336 | wheels and wheeled vehicles | Allowed for better transport | 31 | |
| 7188076408 | woven textiles | Similar ones to the rugs were used in saddle bags, trunk covers, jug holders, & cinches -Woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. Woven fabrics are often created on a loom, and made of many threads woven on a warp and a weft. | 32 |
AP Literature Vocab Set 3 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10677190630 | avocation | (n) a hobby or minor occupation He's a professional musician, but his ____________ is photography. | 0 | |
| 10677190631 | capricious | (adj) given to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior Trump's _________ trade policy has businesses most nervous. | 1 | |
| 10677192873 | disparity | (n) a great difference The ________ between the rich and the poor has only increased in the past few years. | 2 | |
| 10677194973 | efficacy | (n) the ability to produce a desired or intended result A lot of students are questioning the _____________ of the new fire alarm system after a classroom caught on fire. | 3 | |
| 10677197717 | epistle | (n) a letter or literary composition in letter form Saint Paul had written many ______________ to his followers. | 4 | |
| 10677197718 | hospice | (n) a shelter for travelers, orphans, or the ill or destitute The monks run a _______________ for travelers in their mountain retreat | 5 | |
| 10677200591 | impetus | (n) a moving force, impulse, stimulus The reward money should be sufficient __________ for someone to come forward with information about the robbery | 6 | |
| 10677203305 | moribund | (adj) at the point of death The peace talks are ____________; they are going nowhere. | 7 | |
| 10677203306 | reticent | (adj) not revealing one's thoughts or feelings readily The freshmen at Frosh Overnight were ____________ during the classroom talks. | 8 | |
| 10677207850 | vacillate | (v) to waver; to sway indecisively She has ____________ on this issue. One day, she'll support one side, but another day, she would say the opposite. | 9 |
AP World History Ancient India Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10624828353 | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro | (2500 BCE-1500 BCE) urban centers in Ancient India; more complex architecture, organization, etc. than earlier cities (e.g. URBAN PLANNING, 2 story homes, sewar system, indoor plumbing, wells, streets) | 0 | |
| 10624828354 | What is known about the languages of the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro cities? | It is indecipherable to date | 1 | |
| 10624828355 | What does a lack of weapons lead historians to believe about the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro cities? | They had few/no enemies | 2 | |
| 10624828356 | What did the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro trade? | Silver vessels and gold jewelry | 3 | |
| 10624828357 | What type of religion did the people of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro follow? | Anthropomorphic (and animistic?) | 4 | |
| 10624828358 | Dravidians | earliest people of India; conquered by Aryans (Indo-Europeans) | 5 | |
| 10624828359 | When was skin color first used to differentiate between people? | When the Aryans conquered the Dravidians | 6 | |
| 10624828360 | Why have artifacts from the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro cities been lost? | It is unknown; likely because of natural disasters and the takeover of the region by the Aryans | 7 | |
| 10624828361 | The Vedic Age | 1500-500 BCE; time Period in ancient India markets by the Vedas; the Vedas were the main information source from this time | 8 | |
| 10624828362 | The Vedas (1200 BCE- 600 BCE) | Religious texts from long preserved, orally communicated poetic hymns; written in Sanskrit; comprised of hymns and poems, religious prayers, magical spells, and a list of the gods/goddesses; contained the Hindu core beliefs | 9 | |
| 10624828363 | What is the oldest Veda? | Rig Veda | 10 | |
| 10624828364 | Purusha | cosmic man sacrificed and split into 4 to create caste system; mouth became Brahmins, arms became Kshatriyas, thighs became Vaisyas, and feet became Sudras | 11 | |
| 10624828365 | Caste System | Social system that was created in India by the Aryans and that became universal across the Indian subcontinent, even though it was fragmented; contained 4 levels: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras | 12 | |
| 10624828366 | Brahmins | Priests and the educated | 13 | |
| 10624828367 | Kshatriyas | rulers and warriors | 14 | |
| 10624828368 | Vaisyas | merchants, artisans, farmers | 15 | |
| 10624828369 | Sudras | Workers; peasant and serf class | 16 | |
| 10624828370 | Pariahs/Harijans/untouchables | Lowest division below the caste system | 17 | |
| 10624828371 | Jati | Subdivisions of castes; created due to inter-caste marriages | 18 | |
| 10624828372 | Varna | Caste | 19 | |
| 10624828373 | Mahabharata | Hindu anthology written in Sanskrit; consists of 3 stories: Bhagavad Gita, Ramayana, and Upanishad | 20 | |
| 10624828374 | Bhagavad Gita/Ramayana | 2 epics in the Mahabharata that teach lessons about behavior through heroism, romance, and adventure | 21 | |
| 10624828375 | Upanishads | Part of the Mahabharata; commentary on the Vedas (in mystical terms; discuss nature of the gods, meditation, etc.); foundational texts for what would become known as Hinduism; blended Aryan and Dravidian values | 22 | |
| 10624828376 | Samsara | cycle of rebirth; goal is to achieve karmic balance and Moksha | 23 | |
| 10624828377 | Dharma | In Hinduism, a person's duty in life that must be fulfilled; you are born into your Dharma | 24 | |
| 10624828378 | Moksha | In Hinduism, it is the end of samsara and the becoming of one with the gods | 25 | |
| 10624828379 | Atman | the individual soul (Hinduism) | 26 | |
| 10624828380 | Karma | The belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life; if you had good karma you will be born into a higher rank in your next life | 27 | |
| 10624828381 | Trimurti | 3 forms of the god Brahman: Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer | 28 | |
| 10624828382 | Sati | The Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband. Even though this is outlawed today, it still occurs in some remote areas. | 29 | |
| 10624828383 | Mauryan Dynasty | Most important rulers: Chandragupta and Asoka; successful for a short time in creating a centralized beauracracy | 30 | |
| 10624828384 | Chandragupta | (321-298 BCE); first ruler of Mauryan Dynasty; first ruler to unite Northern India; pushed the Persians out of India; divides empire into provinces, each of which had a prince (relative) that reported to him, and provinces were divided into districts which were also ruled by one of his relatives; steps down (abdicates) in 301 BCE; either from Vaisya or Sudra varna; inspired by Alexander the Great | 31 | |
| 10624828385 | Reasons Chandragupta stayed in power | 1) He created a large imperial army (used war elephants 2) regulated trade (empire was established along trade routes) 3) created a spy network (because he was afraid of assassination) | 32 | |
| 10624828386 | Capital of Mauryan Dynasty | Pataliputra | 33 | |
| 10624828387 | Kautilya | Advisor to Chandragupta; wrote the Treatise on Material Gain or Arthashastra which was a guide for the king and other rulers | 34 | |
| 10624828388 | Asoka | (304-232 BCE) Mauryan king; converts to Buddhism during the Battle of Kalinga in 262 BCE; does not force his people to convert to Buddhism (therefore India stayed mostly Hindu) greatly expands empire; had edicts written on large pillars and rocks across empire | 35 | |
| 10624828389 | Asoka's Law Code | Edicts scattered in 30+ places throughout India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Afghanistan; mostly in Sanskrit except for one in Greek and Aramaic; 10 rock edicts; each pillar is 40-50' high (show wealth and power); represent Buddhist ideas | 36 | |
| 10624828390 | Asoka's Accomplishments | 1) Established an efficient tax collection system 2) built roads for trade (with the tax money) 3) required servants to be treated fairly/ended slavery 4) created edicts that kept public informed and allowed for a strong central government 5) ambassadorships to improve foreign trade | 37 | |
| 10624828391 | Stupas | Buddhist place of worship; Used by travelers; spread knowledge of Buddhism | 38 | |
| 10624828392 | Mauryan Dynasty Scientific Contributions | Numerical system that was based on the number 10 and used the concept of zero; this is the system we use today;Arabs are given credit for this system because they picked it up during trade | 39 | |
| 10624828393 | Buddhism | Founded by Siddhartha Gautama; the essence of Buddhism is "the middle way of wisdom and compassion"; based on 4 noble truths | 40 | |
| 10624828394 | 3 Jewels of Buddhism | 1. Buddha, the teacher 2. Dharma, the teachings 3. Sangha, the community | 41 | |
| 10624828395 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; found an old man, a sick man, and a corpse and drew the conclusion that the cause of all suffering is desire; became the Buddha (the enlightened one) | 42 | |
| 10624828396 | 4 Noble Truths | 1) life is about suffering 2) the cause of suffering is self-centered Desire and attachments 3) solution is to eliminate desire and attachments (Nirvana= "extinction") 4) in order to reach Nirvana you must follow the Eightfold Path | 43 | |
| 10624828397 | Eightfold Path | In Buddhism, it is a set of guidelines on how to reach Nirvana and end suffering 1) right view/understanding 2) right thinking 3) right speech 4) right conduct 5) right livelihood 6) right effort 7) right mindfulness 8) right concentration | 44 | |
| 10639875379 | 4 types of Buddhism | Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan, Zen | 45 | |
| 10639875380 | Therevada Buddhism | "Way of the elders" (closest to original form of Buddhism); promotes austerity (giving up attachments/living with bare minimum ); currently in Southeast Asia and Sri Lanka; individuals are in search of enlightenment which they believe will be found on a philosophical path; do not see the Buddha as a deity | 46 | |
| 10639875381 | Mahayana Buddhism | Newer version of Buddhism; "Great Vehicle"; view Buddha as a deity; focus on reverence for Buddha and bodhisattvas; spread to Eastern Asia (China, Koreas Japan, and Vietnam); more people can achieve nirvana, which was appealing | 47 | |
| 10639875382 | What do Mahayana Buddhists refer to their rivals as? | "Lesser vehicles" (because they are the "great vehicle") | 48 | |
| 10639875383 | Bodhisattva | one who has already attained enlightenment/nirvana, but has chosen to return to life in order to help others do the same (e.g. the Dalai Lama) | 49 | |
| 10651791524 | Gupta Empire | (319-540 CE) next time in history after Mauryan dynasty that India was unified under a central government; northern India (smaller area than Maurya) during classical period; Golden age of India; lots of foreign trade regulated by rulers | 50 | |
| 10651791525 | Why was the Gupta Empire the Golden Age of India? | Because it was a time of wealth and peace | 51 | |
| 10651791526 | Continuities from Vedic Age to Classical India | 1) Hinduism as dominant religion 2) caste system 3) cotton and cotton products | 52 | |
| 10651791527 | Because the Gupta Empire had no enemies, they were able to... | ...spend more money on people and the city rather than defense | 53 | |
| 10651791528 | Capital of Gupta Empire | Pataliputra | 54 | |
| 10651791529 | How did the Gupta Empire treat religions other than Hinduism? | Well; they were very tolerant of other religions | 55 | |
| 10651791530 | Why is Gupta considered a "Theater State" | Because entertainment, rituals, festivals, etc. were always going on in Pataliputra | 56 | |
| 10651791531 | What is a major difference between the governments of the Gupta and Mauryan Empires? | Both have centralized bureaucracies, but Gupta gave local rulers more authority than the Mauryans did (allowing them more power could have potentially led to an overthrow of the government by local leaders) | 57 | |
| 10651791532 | Fa-xian | Chinese Buddhist monk who traveled to India to follow the path of the Buddha (a pilgrimage) and wrote reports of his journey along the way | 58 | |
| 10651791533 | Why was India a perfect location for trade? | Because it was situated between China, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and Europe (all major empires during the time) | 59 | |
| 10651791534 | What goods did India trade? | Cotton and spices | 60 | |
| 10651791535 | Kalidasa | Most famous Gupta writer who is considered the Shakespeare of his time | 61 | |
| 10651791536 | Most Gupta art related to... | Religion | 62 | |
| 10651791537 | Education in the Gupta Empire | There were separate universities for each major | 63 | |
| 10651791538 | Gupta's Medicinal Achievements | C-sections, inoculations, plastic surgery, printed medicinal guides, 1000 classified diseases, 500 healing plants | 64 | |
| 10651791539 | Mathematical achievements of the Gupta Empire | Decimal system, pi, concept of zero | 65 | |
| 10651791540 | Which civilization, along with the Gupta Empire, developed the concept of zero? | The Mayans | 66 | |
| 10651791541 | Gupta's astronomical achievements | Discovered the earth is round, created a solar calendar | 67 | |
| 10651791542 | Angkor Wat | Cambodia (11th century); largest religious monument in the world that was originally built for the Hindu figure Vishnu, but was turned into a Buddhist temple in the 14th century | 68 | |
| 10651791543 | Borobudur | 9th century Mahayana Buddhist temple built in Java (present day Indonesia); contains 72 stupas; tried to emulate Mt. Mera; covered with volcanic ash and was not discovered until the 18th century | 69 | |
| 10651791544 | Ajanta Cavea | Caves in India dedicated to Buddha | 70 | |
| 10652014240 | Who invaded and conquered the Gupta Empire? | The White Huns | 71 |
AP Psych Chapter 13 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 5865804767 | Emotion- 3 components | Physiological arousal Expressive behaviors Conscious experiences | 0 | |
| 5865804768 | James-Lange Theory | William James and Carl Lange: Physiological activity perceeds emotional experience | 1 | |
| 5865804769 | Cannon-Bard Theory | Walter Cannon and Phillip Bard: Emotion and body's arousal take place simultaneously | 2 | |
| 5865804770 | Two Factor Theory | Or Singer-Schachter Theory: Stanley Schachter and Herome Singer: Physiology and cognitions creat emotions; 2 factors, arousal and cognitive labeling ex. scared of animal in wild but not in zoo bc of cage | 3 | |
| 5865804771 | Sympathetic Nervous System | Arousal; fight or flight response; eyes dilate, heart rate accelerates, digestion inhibits | 4 | |
| 5865804772 | Parasympathetic Nervous System | Peace; Eyes contract, skin dries, heart slows, digestion activates | 5 | |
| 5865804773 | Ekmann's Universal Emotions | Happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, disgust, fear, contempt | 6 | |
| 5865804774 | Physiological similarities and differences among specific emotions | Change in physical appearances of the face between fear, rage, and joy | 7 | |
| 5865804775 | Spillover Effect | Response of one event spills over into our response to the next event | 8 | |
| 5865804776 | Valence | Gloomy vs Happy; is it a negative or a positive emotion? | 9 | |
| 5865804777 | Arousal | Gloomy vs despondent; how strong is the emotion | 10 | |
| 5865804778 | Right Hemisphere | Negative emotions | 11 | |
| 5865804779 | Left Hemisphere | Positive emotions | 12 | |
| 5865804780 | High Road | Controls behavior, being the bigger person, eye pathways-->thalamus-->sensory cortex-->prefrontal cortex-->amygdala | 13 | |
| 5865804781 | Low Road | Doesnt lead to cerebral cortex; eye pathways-->thalamus-->amygdala: walk away get bad | 14 | |
| 5865804782 | Amygdala | Responsible for processing emotions | 15 | |
| 5865804783 | Cortex | Frontal lobe; controls advanced thoughts | 16 | |
| 5865804784 | Phineas Gage | (1823-1860) was an American railroad worker who became famous in scientific fields due to an accident which blew a metal rod through his head destroying most of his left frontal lobe. Gage miraculously survived and lived for 12 more years. This effected his cortex and limbic system. | 17 | |
| 5865804785 | Facial Feedback hypothesis | Brain reading our own face | 18 | |
| 5865804786 | Behavior Feedback Hypothesis | Whole Body; Hold oneself confidently=increase of confidence in mood | 19 | |
| 5865804787 | Non-verbal Communication | Expressing how we are feeling by our bodies and facial expressions | 20 | |
| 5865804788 | Micro Expressions | Brief expressions that last only a fraction of a second | 21 | |
| 5865804789 | Detecting Emotions | Women are better at it | 22 | |
| 5865804790 | Cultural and Emotional Expression | Cultures express emotions differently from others but there are 7 universal emotions | 23 | |
| 5865804791 | What are some.....anger-causes | frustrations, daily hassle, wrong-doings, tragedies | 24 | |
| 5865804792 | Catharsis | Emotional release | 25 | |
| 5865804793 | Adaptation-Level Phenomenon | Emotional set point, you may get really happy about something but then eventually your emotions go back to its set point and you are normal again | 26 | |
| 5865804794 | Impact Bias | Thinking that an emotional response to something will be far greater than what it actually is going to be | 27 | |
| 5865804795 | Relative Deprivation | Feeling of being deprived of something that someone else is privileged of having | 28 | |
| 5865804796 | Predictors of Happines | High self-esteem, Optimistic, Agreeable, Sleep Well, Meaningful work and realtionships | 29 | |
| 5865804797 | Feel good/do good Phenomenon | People are more likely to do good and be helpful when one is already in a good mood | 30 | |
| 5865804798 | Affective Mood Disorders | Emotional responses | 31 | |
| 5865804799 | Major Depressive disorder | questioning the future, suicidal thoughts or possible actions, negative emotions, worthless, ugly, don't care | 32 | |
| 5865804800 | MDD with Bereavement | Extreme grieving | 33 | |
| 5865804801 | Dysthymia | Eyeore: gloomy | 34 | |
| 5865804802 | Disruptive Mood Dysregulation | Tempertantrums; when one is in their teens 10, 11, 12, 13 years old, this can normally turn into another disorder when a adult. | 35 | |
| 5865804803 | SAD(Seasonal Affective Disorder) | Depression that occurs during the winter blues, caused by the lack of light | 36 | |
| 5865804804 | Bipolar Disorders | Mania- times when u think your invisible- can do anything and thinking you won't get hurt- surge of energy- impulsiveness , hypomania , irrational thoughts (psychosis), lithium treats both | 37 | |
| 5865804805 | Cognitive Therapy | Working on changing negative thoughts | 38 | |
| 5865804806 | Beck's Triad |  | 39 | |
| 5865804807 | Anti-depressants | Increase serotonin in brain | 40 |
AP World History Strayer Chapter 1 Vocabulary Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10525711479 | Venus Figurines | *Definition:* Paleolithic statuette portraying a woman. *Significance:* Shows in the paleolithic era people might have used women to tell time through birth, pregnancy, marriage, and death. Showed they understood differences and maybe had more permanent settlements than previously thought. |  | 0 |
| 10525711480 | Dreamtime | *Definition:* Recounting of the beginning of things through ancestral beings (how it all started/create). *Significance:* Shows how people believed things came to be and that they were intelligent beings. |  | 1 |
| 10525711481 | Clovis Culture | *Definition:* Prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture, named for distinct stone tools. *Significance:* It was one of the first clearly defined people in the Americas. They were hunters of large mammals. Significant because it shows what people relied on for food in the Americas. |  | 2 |
| 10525711482 | MegaFaunal Extinction | *Definition:* The destruction of large or relatively large animals of a particular time period. *Significance:* This occurred at the end of the Last Ice Age. Climate change caused it to happen. It was a change in food for people and was one of the causes of the Agricultural Revolution. |  | 3 |
| 10525711483 | Austronesian Migration | *Definition:* Expansion of a group of people (Austronesians) from Asia to the Pacific islands. *Significance:* It was the last phase of the great human Migration. It was a waterborne migration that spread their language fast and far. Domesticated plants and animals were also taken. |  | 4 |
| 10525711484 | "The Original Affluent Society" | *Definition:* The gathering and Hunting people where people worked fewer hours to meet needs. Meaning they had more leisure time. *Significance:* Shows that the thought that hunters and gatherers weren't always at the point of starvation. They had time for leisure because they only needed to meet material needs. |  | 5 |
| 10525711485 | Shamans | *Definition:* Person regarded as having access to the world of good and evil spirits (using drugs). *Significance:* They had a modern "priest" or "pope" to tell them what was going on. Used drugs to get to this state. Shows social capability. |  | 6 |
| 10525711486 | Trance Dance | *Definition:* Ritual where shamans dance and sing special medicine songs. *Significance:* These dances provided supernatural potency. This from god himself. Shows the way they connect themselves to their beliefs. |  | 7 |
| 10525711487 | Paleolithic Settling Down | *Definition:* The process of people moving toward permanent settlements at the end of the Last Ice Age. *Significance:* Caused the Agricultural Revolution and moved people to evolving socially. Through becoming more of a community and city like area. |  | 8 |
| 10525711488 | Gobekli Tepe | *Definition:* Massive Limestone pillars carved in a T-shape in a set of circle/rings for a ceremony. World's oldest temple. *Significance:* Revolutionized how archaeologists thought about the Stone Age. Showed that people settled down for longer than expected. |  | 9 |
| 10525711489 | Fertile Crescent | *Definition:* Region containing moist and fertile land of Western Asia. *Significance:* The start of Agriculture and domestication of plants and animals. One of the first places big civilizations were made because of its land. |  | 10 |
| 10525711490 | Teosinte | *Definition:* Mountain grass (ancestor of corn) in Southern Mexico. *Significance:* One of the first sustainable crops grown in the Americas during the Agricultural Revolutions. |  | 11 |
| 10525711491 | Diffusion Migration | *Definition:* Spreading of something more widely (people). *Significance:* First reason of globalization of agriculture. Spread of agricultural techniques, plants, and animals. |  | 12 |
| 10525711492 | Bantu Migration | *Definition:* Migrations of Bantu people. *Significance:* Bantu people introduced new things to the people in the area they moved to: iron working, new crops and techniques, and their culture. Permanent home structure. |  | 13 |
| 10525711493 | Ishi | *Definition:* Name means "Person". A man from one of the last hunter/gatherers in California. *Significance:* People learned a lot from his culture. His people were forced to isolate themselves, but were found anyway. |  | 14 |
| 10525711494 | Banpo | *Definition:* Archaeological site of an ancient village. *Significance:* Showed housing and domesticated foods and animals. Shows the technological innovation during this time period. |  | 15 |
| 10525711495 | "Secondary Products Revolution" | *Definition:* Innovations in Eurasian society and culture. *Significance:* Involved new uses for domesticated animals: milk and harvest animals and to ride them. |  | 16 |
| 10525711496 | Pastoral Societies | *Definition:* Nomadic group of people who travel with herds of domesticated animals (food source). *Significance:* Moved with the seasons and animals and created powerful military confederations. The domesticated animals made easier traveling on forbidding environments. |  | 17 |
| 10525711497 | Catalhuyuk | *Definition:* Large settlement. One of the first cities. *Significance:* Example of an early town where transition to a fully settled existence was achieved. Food from agriculture and social/gender equality in communities. |  | 18 |
| 10525711498 | Chiefdoms | *Definition:* Form of hierarchical political organization society based on kinship with a formal leader. *Significance:* Cultural evolution. Where people began giving different "classes". Not through fear and violence but through kinship/gifts/charisma. | 19 |
Ap Government Unit 1 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10741283564 | Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) Each state retained sovereignty, the ability to act independently of the Confederation. Each state had equal representation in a unicameral (single house) legislature. | 0 | |
| 10741283565 | Shays' rebellion | Rebellion led by farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out. |  | 1 |
| 10741283566 | Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | 2 | |
| 10741283567 | Separation of powers | A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branch to prevent tyranny. | 3 | |
| 10741283568 | Popular sovereignty | A government in which the people rule by their own consent. | 4 | |
| 10741283569 | Bicameral | A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses with separate rules | 5 | |
| 10741283570 | Federalists | Those who favored a stronger national government and weaker state governments. Supported the ratification of the Constitution. | 6 | |
| 10741283571 | Anti-Federalist | Those who favored strong state governments and a weaker national government. Advocated for a bill of rights to formally address individual and state rights. Concerned about the concentration of power in a central government under the Constitution. | 7 | |
| 10741283572 | Federalism | A system of government in which power and responsibilty is divided between the federal and state governments | 8 | |
| 10741283573 | Supremacy clause | Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits. (ex. McCulloch v. Maryland) | 9 | |
| 10741283574 | Virginia Plan | Initial proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by the Virginia delegation for a strong central government with a bicameral legislature dominated by the big states. | 10 | |
| 10741283575 | New Jersey Plan | Proposal at the Constitutional Convention made by William Paterson of New Jersey for a central government with a single-house legislature in which each state would be represented equally. | 11 | |
| 10741283576 | Connecticut or Great Compromise | Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators. | 12 | |
| 10741283577 | Republican Democracy | Format chosen by Founding Fathers. People vote for representatives who then make laws. People do not vote directly on legislation. | 13 | |
| 10741283578 | Three fifths clause | slave counted as 3/5 of a person for population counts to determine how many representatives. | 14 | |
| 10741283579 | Federalist Papers | A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail. | 15 | |
| 10741283580 | Federalist Paper #10 | Written by James Madison to convince people to support the ratification of the constitution. Argued that factions were inevitable but were best controlled by a large republic that employed a Federalist structure. Argued that competition among factions would limit their negative impacts. | 16 | |
| 10741283581 | Bill of Rights | A formal statement of the fundamental rights of the people of the United States, incorporated in the Constitution as Amendments 1-10. Satisfied Anti-federalist concerns. | 17 | |
| 10741283582 | Elastic clause | AKA the "Necessary and Proper Clause" Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution. Has allowed the federal government to expand its power over time. | 18 | |
| 10741283583 | Commerce clause | The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations. Has helped the Federal government expand its power over time. | 19 | |
| 10741283584 | Concurrent powers | Powers held jointly by the national and state governments. For example, the powers to tax, pass laws and borrow funds | 20 | |
| 10741283585 | cooperative federalism | A system of government in which powers and policy assignments are shared between states and the national government. | 21 | |
| 10741283586 | Dual Federalism | A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies. | 22 | |
| 10741283587 | Expressed Powers/Enumerated powers | Powers the Constitution specifically granted to one of the branches of the national government. Listed explicitly in the Constitution. Ex: right to coin money, declare war, regulate foreign and interstate trade, tax, etc. | 23 | |
| 10741283588 | Implied powers | Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution; Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions. Has Constitutional basis in Necessary and Proper/Elastic Clause | 24 | |
| 10741283589 | Inherent powers | powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign. Ex: The Louisiana Purchase | 25 | |
| 10741283590 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | The court ruled that the states did not have the power to tax the national bank. Used the backing of the Supremacy Clause to argue that states could not interfere with legitimate federal laws | 26 | |
| 10741283591 | Reserved Powers | belong to the states and the people; Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states. Granted by the 10th Amendment. For example, regulating voting and administering elections at the state level. | 27 | |
| 10741283592 | Unitary System | A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government | 28 | |
| 10741283593 | Block grants | Federal money given to the states with limited spending guidelines. Allows the states power to decide how to spend funds within relatively loose guidelines. Ex: funds for transportation and state chooses how to allocate. | 29 | |
| 10741283594 | Categorical Grants | Federal money given to the states with specific spending guidelines. Gives the federal government the power to decide how funds are spent within the state. Ex: funds for highway repairs, cannot be used for other purposes. | 30 | |
| 10741283595 | Devolution | The transfer of power from a high level political office to a lower level; central government to regional, state, or local governments. Example-Welfare Reform Act of 1996 | 31 | |
| 10741283596 | Gibbons v. Ogden | Commerce clause case (1824). Decision greatly enlarged Congress' interstate commerce clause power by broadly defining the meaning of "commerce" to include virtually all types of economic activity. | 32 | |
| 10741283597 | The 10th Amendment | Reserves powers to the states. Has been used successfully by the states to get the federal courts to strike down federal laws that violate this principle. | 33 | |
| 10741283598 | 1st Amendment | Guarantees many individual rights including the right to expression and freedom of the press, freedom of religion, the right to petition the government, and the right to peaceful assembly. | 34 | |
| 10741283600 | The Americans with Disabilities Act | An example of an unfunded mandate, an order given by the federal government that states must follow and pay for | 35 | |
| 10741283601 | Ratification | The Constitutional process by which the states must approve amendments to the Constitution. Three-quarters of the states must approve an amendment before it is ratified and officially becomes part of the Constitution. Another example of federalism in the Constitution's structure. | 36 | |
| 10741283602 | Conditions of Aid | Federal rules attached to the grants that states receive. States must agree to abide by these rules in order to receive the grants. | 37 | |
| 10741283603 | Constitutional Convention | Meeting held in 1787, originally meant to revise the Articles of Confederation but created a new plan of government instead | 38 | |
| 10741283604 | Intrastate commerce | Commerce WITHIN A STATEcommercial activity regulated at the state level | 39 | |
| 10741283605 | Interstate commerce | Commerce between different states, can be regulated by Congress. | 40 | |
| 10741283607 | Political Culture | a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that shapes their political behavior. It includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes for a good society. | 41 | |
| 10741283608 | Direct democracy | people vote on laws and make decisions for the community as a group (no representatives) | 42 | |
| 10741283609 | Oligarchy | rule by the few, done in their own interest and not for the collective good of a community | 43 | |
| 10741283617 | United States v Lopez | The Supreme Court ruled that Congress had exceeded its constitutional authority under the Commerce Clause when it passed a law prohibiting gun possession in local school zones. This increased state powers to regulate such matters while decreasing federal power | 44 | |
| 10741283618 | Marbury v Madison | Court case that established the Supreme Court's power to strike down federal laws that violated the constitution. This has allowed for continuous interpretation of the Constitution by the Supreme Court (informal amendment) | 45 |
Flashcards
Pages
Need Help?
We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.
For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.
If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.
Need Notes?
While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!
