Sonnet Terms (AP) Flashcards
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| 5805772381 | Petrarchan/Italian sonnet | a sonnet form with an octave and sestet; the octave rhyme is: abba abba or abab baba; the sestet rhyme is: cde cde. | 0 | |
| 5805772382 | Italian octave | part of a sonnet that raises question, introduces problem, or presents brief narrative that reveals doubt or conflict within the speaker | 1 | |
| 5805772383 | Italian sestet | part of a sonnet that answers question, solves problem, or comments on narrative | 2 | |
| 5805772384 | Petrarchan volta | the "turn" or tonal change at the beginning of the sestet of an Italian sonnet | 3 | |
| 5805772385 | Shakespearean/Elizabethan/English sonnet | a sonnet form with three quatrains and one concluding couplet; rhyme scheme is: abab cdcd efef gg | 4 | |
| 5805772386 | Shakespearean quatrain | part of a sonnet that explores variation on a main theme | 5 | |
| 5805772387 | Shakespearean and Spensarian couplet | part of a sonnet that summarizes, comments on, or twists from the rest of the sonnet; acts as a concluding statement | 6 | |
| 5805772388 | Shakespearean volta | a "turn" or tonal shift that may occur at the beginning of a quatrain of a English sonnet; expression of revelation or ephinany | 7 | |
| 5805772389 | Spensarian sonnet | a sonnet form with three quatrains and one concluding couplet; rhyme scheme is: abab bcbc cdcd ee | 8 | |
| 5805772390 | Spensarian quatrain | part of a sonnet that demonstrates continuous thought into the next part as shown through a "linked" rhyme scheme | 9 | |
| 5805772392 | sonnet | 14-line poem focused on a single theme; usually written in iambic pentameter | 10 | |
| 5805906829 | octave | 8 lines of iambic pentameter | 11 | |
| 5805912270 | sestet | 6 lines of iambic pentameter | 12 | |
| 5805918497 | quatrain | 4 lines of iambic pentameter | 13 | |
| 5805920398 | couplet | 2 lines of iambic pentameter | 14 | |
| 5805929474 | iambic pentameter | verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable | 15 | |
| 5805951398 | metrical foot/meter | the basic unit of measurement in poetry; contains a group of 2-3 syllables; the pattern of "beats" | 16 | |
| 5806027864 | caesura | a break between words within a metrical foot | 17 |
Ap Flashcards
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| 9743176019 | Ansyndeton | The practice of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list, it gives a more extemporaneous effect and suggests the list may be incomplete. Ex: "He was brave, fearless, afraid of nothing." | 0 | |
| 9743181647 | Ellipsis | When it is a written symbol that appears as a sequence of dots, usually three (...), they will indicate that parts of a word or sentence have been omitted. These are called ellipsis points. The use of ellipsis can also be more stylistic. This is when a word or phrase is left out, or omitted, from a sentence. The words omitted may be necessary to make a sentence syntactically correct but they are not necessary for a reader to fully understand the sentence's meaning. Ex:Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth...the proposition that all men are created equal. | 1 | |
| 9743187571 | Polysyndeton | a literary device that uses multiple repetitions of the same conjunction (and, but, if, etc), most commonly the word "and." Ex:"Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers." | 2 | |
| 9743194462 | Anaphora | when a certain word or phrase is repeated at the beginning of clauses or sentences that follow each other. This repetition emphasizes the phrase while adding rhythm to the passage, making it more memorable and enjoyable to read. Ex:I'm sick and tired of you letting me down. I'm sick and tired of you making me mad. And I'm sick and tired of you doing such silly things! | 3 | |
| 9743225107 | Anadiploris | Repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the next clause. Ex:"The crime was common, common be the pain." (Alexander Pope) | 4 | |
| 9743237325 | Epanalepsis | 5 | ||
| 9743239367 | Epistrophe | when a certain phrase or word is repeated at the end of sentences or clauses that follow each other. This repetition creates a rhythm while emphasizing the repeated phrase. Epistrophe is also known as epiphora and antistrophe. Ex:Last week, he was just fine. Yesterday, he was just fine. And today, he was just fine. | 6 | |
| 9743240605 | Antimetabole | a literary and rhetorical device in which a phrase or sentence is repeated, but in reverse order. | 7 | |
| 9743243102 | Litotes | Litotes is an understatement in which a positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite. This sounds like a strange definition, but a few examples will make the meaning clear. The classic example of litotes is the phrase "not bad." By negating the word "bad," you're saying that something is good, or at least OK. However, in most contexts it's an understatement. Ex:After someone hires you, you might say, "Thank you, ma'am, you won't regret it." The negation is an understatement, of course - what you really mean is that your boss will be happy with your performance. | 8 |
Flashcards
AP language set 8 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11017997204 | Subject complement | The word (with any accompanying phrases) or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by either (1) renaming it (the predicate nominative) or (2) describing it (the predicate adjective). | 0 | |
| 11017997205 | Subjectivity | a personal presentation of evens and characters, influenced by the author's feelings and opinions | 1 | |
| 11017997206 | subordinate clause | a clause, typically introduced by a conjunction, that forms part of and is dependent on a main clause | 2 | |
| 11017997207 | subordinate conjunction | a conjunction (like 'since' or 'that' or 'who') that introduces a dependent clause | 3 | |
| 11017997208 | Syllogism | a logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 4 | |
| 11017997209 | conventional symbol | symbol that is universally understood: cross, flag, skull and bones | 5 | |
| 11017997210 | literary symbol | The use of specific objects or images to represent abstract ideas | 6 | |
| 11017997211 | natural symbols | objects and occurrences from nature to symbolize ideas commonly associated with them | 7 | |
| 11017997212 | syncrisis | comparison of diverse or contradictory things | 8 | |
| 11017997213 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa | 9 | |
| 11017997214 | Syntax | The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language. | 10 | |
| 11017997215 | tautology | needless repetition of an idea by using different but equivalent words; a redundancy | 11 | |
| 11017997216 | Theme | the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic | 12 | |
| 11017997217 | Thesis | a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved. | 13 | |
| 11017997218 | Tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels. | 14 | |
| 11017997219 | Undertone | An attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. | 15 |
AP Language Terms (2) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11203568927 | active voice | when the subject is doing the acting. ex: Clarke killed Finn. | 0 | |
| 11203568928 | adage | a traditional saying that conveys a common experience or observation. ex: The early bird gets the worm. |  | 1 |
| 11203568929 | ad hominem | directed against a person's character rather than the position they are maintaining (argument or reaction) | 2 | |
| 11203568930 | allegory | a literary work in which the characters and events represent a hidden meaning that relate to morals, religion, or politics. | 3 | |
| 11203568931 | alliteration | (used especially in poetry) the use of the same sound or sounds, usually consonants, at the beginning of several words that are close together. |  | 4 |
| 11203568932 | allusion | a casual or indirect reference to something, | 5 | |
| 11203568933 | ampersand | the sign & (standing for and) | 6 | |
| 11203568934 | anadiplosis | repetition of the words or phrase at the end of a sentence or clause at the beginning of the next. | 7 | |
| 11203568935 | analogy | a comparison between things that have similar features, often used to help explain a principle idea. | 8 | |
| 11203568936 | anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses | 9 | |
| 11203568937 | anectdote | a short account of a specific incident or event, especially of an interesting nature | 10 | |
| 11203568938 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 11 | |
| 11203568939 | antithesis | the direct opposite, a sharp contrast | 12 | |
| 11203568940 | aphorism | A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. | 13 | |
| 11203568941 | apostrophe | A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. | 14 | |
| 11203568942 | appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. ex: Raven, the smart engineer, was the best engineer in camp. | 15 | |
| 11203568943 | archetype | a very typical example of a certain person or thing. | 16 | |
| 11203568944 | argumentation | writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation. | 17 | |
| 11203568945 | assonance | the similarity of sounds. | 18 | |
| 11203568946 | asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words. | 19 | |
| 11203568947 | auditory imagery | sense of hearing | 20 | |
| 11203568948 | balanced sentence | a sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast. | 21 | |
| 11203568949 | burlesque | an absurd or comically exaggerated imitation of something, especially in a literary or dramatic work; a parody. | 22 | |
| 11203568950 | cacophony | A harsh, discordant mixture of sounds | 23 | |
| 11203568951 | caricature | a picture, description, or imitation of a person or thing in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect. | 24 | |
| 11203568952 | chiasmus | a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form | 25 | |
| 11203568953 | colloquialism | spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech. | 26 | |
| 11203568954 | compound sentence | a sentence composed of at least two coordinate independent clauses. | 27 | |
| 11203568955 | complex sentence | a sentence made up of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause. | 28 | |
| 11203568956 | compound-complex sentence | a sentence having two or more coordinate independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. | 29 | |
| 11203568957 | connotation | an idea that is implied or suggested | 30 | |
| 11203568958 | consonance | repetition of consonants, usually at the ends of words. | 31 | |
| 11203568959 | concession | something that is allowed or given up, in order to end a disagreement or the act of allowing or giving this. | 32 | |
| 11203568960 | conditional statement | a sentence in which one half expresses something which depends on the other half. (often starting with if or unless) | 33 | |
| 11203568961 | counterargument | an argument offered in opposition to another argument. | 34 | |
| 11203568962 | cumulative sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on (also known as a loose sentence) | 35 | |
| 11203568963 | denotation | the literal meaning of a word. | 36 | |
| 11203568964 | deduction | the act of subtracting from a whole. | 37 | |
| 11203568965 | diction | the choice of words and phrases used in a speech or writing | 38 | |
| 11203568966 | discourse | communication in speech or writing | 39 | |
| 11203568967 | dramatic irony | situation in which the audience of a play knows something that the characters don't know. | 40 | |
| 11203568968 | ellipsis | the omission of parts of words or sentences, but the sentence can still be understood. | 41 | |
| 11203568969 | ethos | set of ideas and attitudes that is associated with a particular group of people or a particular type of activity. | 42 | |
| 11203568970 | epanalepsis | the repetition of a word or phrase at regular intervals. | 43 | |
| 11203568971 | euphemism | a word or phrase used to replace one that is considered offensive or too harsh. | 44 | |
| 11203568972 | euphony | any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds | 45 | |
| 11203568973 | exposition | a comprehensive description and explanation of an idea or theory. | 46 | |
| 11203568974 | extended metaphor | a metaphor introduced and then further developed. | 47 | |
| 11203568975 | figurative language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or insights. | 48 | |
| 11203568976 | foreshadowing | providing vague hints and advance indications; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader. | 49 | |
| 11203568977 | gustatory imagery | sense of taste | 50 | |
| 11203568978 | hyperbole | a description that is exaggerated, usually not meant to be taken literally. | 51 | |
| 11203568979 | hypophora | raising a question and immediately answers it. | 52 | |
| 11203568980 | idiom | a phrase or expression that has a meaning in which differs from the literal meaning of its part taken together. | 53 | |
| 11203568981 | induction | from specific to general | 54 | |
| 11203568982 | inference | A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning | 55 | |
| 11203568983 | inversion | situation in which something is changed so that it is the opposite of what it was before. | 56 | |
| 11203568984 | isocolon | a figure of speech in which parallelism is reinforced by members that are of the same length, rhythm and structure. | 57 | |
| 11203568985 | jargon | vocabulary distinctive to a particular profession or group, difficult for others to understand. | 58 | |
| 11203568986 | juxtaposition | the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. | 59 | |
| 11203568987 | kairos | Building a sense of urgency for your cause | 60 | |
| 11203568988 | kinesthetic imagery | sense of touch, temperature, movement, and feelings. | 61 | |
| 11203568989 | litotes | the use of a negative statement in order to emphasize the positive meaning. | 62 | |
| 11203568990 | logical fallacy | an error in reasoning proves an argument invalid. | 63 | |
| 11203568991 | loose sentence | A complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows (also known as a cumulative sentence) | 64 | |
| 11203568992 | logos | a way of persuading an audience with reason, using facts and figures. | 65 | |
| 11203568993 | metaphor | comparison made without using like or as (different from a simile) | 66 | |
| 11203568994 | metonymy | the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant | 67 | |
| 11203568995 | mood | How the reader feels about the text while reading. | 68 | |
| 11203568996 | motif | (n.) a principal idea, feature, theme, or element; a repeated or dominant figure in a design | 69 | |
| 11203568997 | non-sequitur | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence | 70 | |
| 11203568998 | olfactory imagery | sense of smell | 71 | |
| 11203568999 | onomatopoeia | the formation of a word by imitation of the natural sounds of a thing. | 72 | |
| 11203569000 | oxymoron | two opposite terms used together to create an effect. | 73 | |
| 11203569001 | parable | a short story that teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious lesson. | 74 | |
| 11203569051 | paradox | 75 | ||
| 11203569002 | parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 76 | |
| 11203569003 | parody | an imitation of the original, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous or exaggerated. | 77 | |
| 11203569004 | passive voice | the subject of the sentence is acted on by the verb | 78 | |
| 11203569005 | pathos | a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating emotional response to an impassioned plea or a convincing story. | 79 | |
| 11203569006 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end | 80 | |
| 11203569007 | personification | A figure of speech in which human behavior and qualities are given to an object or animal. | 81 | |
| 11203569008 | point of view | the perspective in which the story or situation is told | 82 | |
| 11203569009 | first person | A narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his or her point of view. | 83 | |
| 11203569010 | stream of consciousness | a style of writing that portrays the inner workings of a character's mind. | 84 | |
| 11203569011 | omniscient | knowing everything; having unlimited awareness or understanding | 85 | |
| 11203569012 | limited omniscient | A Third person narrator who generally reports only what one character sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character. | 86 | |
| 11203569013 | third person | Narrator is outside of the story, more like an observer. | 87 | |
| 11203569014 | polysyndeton | the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural | 88 | |
| 11203569015 | premise | the basis for a conclusion | 89 | |
| 11203569016 | pun | the humorous use of a word | 90 | |
| 11203569017 | qualifier | a word or phrase that clarifies, modifies, or limits the meaning of another word or phrase | 91 | |
| 11203569018 | rebuttal | a falsification or contradiction | 92 | |
| 11203569019 | rhetoric | the art of using language effectively and persuasively | 93 | |
| 11203569020 | rhetorical modes | This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing. | 94 | |
| 11203569021 | exposition | form of writing that explains what's happening or what has happened. (in a matter-of-fact way) | 95 | |
| 11203569022 | description | a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event | 96 | |
| 11203569023 | narration | the act of telling a story | 97 | |
| 11203569024 | argumentation | to convince others of an opinion or belief | 98 | |
| 11203569025 | cause and effect | the reason for something to happen and the results of it happening. | 99 | |
| 11203569026 | rhetorical question | question asked simply for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer | 100 | |
| 11203569027 | sarcasm | the use of irony to mock or project contempt | 101 | |
| 11203569028 | satire | a way of criticizing ideas or people in a humorous way | 102 | |
| 11203569029 | simile | a comparison using like/as (different from metaphor) | 103 | |
| 11203569030 | situational irony | An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected (similar to a plot twist) | 104 | |
| 11203569031 | syllogism | logical reasoning in which the conclusion is gotten from two linked premises. | 105 | |
| 11203569032 | symbolism | the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities | 106 | |
| 11203569033 | synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa | 107 | |
| 11203569034 | synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound") | 108 | |
| 11203569035 | syntax | Sentence structure | 109 | |
| 11203569036 | tactile imagery | sense of touch | 110 | |
| 11203569037 | telegraphic sentence | a short sentence using five words or less. | 111 | |
| 11203569038 | thermal imagery | related to temperature or warmth | 112 | |
| 11203569039 | thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work | 113 | |
| 11203569040 | tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter | 114 | |
| 11203569041 | tricolon | Sentence consisting of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses. | 115 | |
| 11203569042 | understatement | a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said | 116 | |
| 11203569043 | verbal irony | sarcasm | 117 | |
| 11203569044 | vernacular | everyday language commonly used | 118 | |
| 11203569045 | visual imagery | sense of sight | 119 | |
| 11203569046 | warrant | justify or deserve | 120 | |
| 11203569047 | zeugma | using one word to modify two other words, in two different ways. | 121 |
AP Language Terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11334334550 | Cumulative (Loose) Sentence | begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause. | 0 | |
| 11334334551 | Periodic Sentence | a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense. |  | 1 |
| 11334334552 | Litotes/Understatement | a figure of speech in which a negative statement is used to affirm a positive statement. | 2 | |
| 11334334553 | Syllogism | A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion. |  | 3 |
| 11334334554 | Equivocation | a fallacy of argument in which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language. | 4 | |
| 11334334555 | Refutation | a denial of the validity of an opposing argument. | 5 | |
| 11334334556 | Diction | a speaker's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message. | 6 | |
| 11334334557 | Simile | a figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it explicitly to something else, using words like, as, or as though. |  | 7 |
| 11334334558 | Metaphor | figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using like or as. | 8 | |
| 11334334559 | Rhetoric | it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience. | 9 | |
| 11334334560 | Allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) to to a work of art. | 10 | |
| 11334334561 | Hyperbole | deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point. | 11 | |
| 11334334562 | Personification | attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea. | 12 | |
| 11334334563 | Parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 13 | |
| 11334334564 | Antithesis | opposition, or contrast or ideas or words in a parallel construction. | 14 | |
| 11334334565 | Non sequitor | a fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another. | 15 | |
| 11334334609 | Allegory | The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself. | 16 | |
| 11334334610 | Alliteration | The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells"). |  | 17 |
| 11334334611 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage. |  | 18 |
| 11334334612 | Analogy | A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. | 19 | |
| 11334334613 | Antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 20 | |
| 11334334614 | Aphorism | A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) | 21 | |
| 11334334615 | Apostrophe | A prayer like figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer. | 22 | |
| 11334334616 | Atmosphere | The emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described. | 23 | |
| 11334334617 | Clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 24 | |
| 11334334618 | Colloquial/Colloquialism | The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. | 25 | |
| 11334334619 | Literary Conceit | A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness through unusual comparisons that make good sense | 26 | |
| 11334334620 | Connotation | The non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. | 27 | |
| 11334334621 | Denotation | The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color. | 28 | |
| 11334334622 | Didactic | in the manner of a teacher, particularly so as to treat someone in a patronizing way. | 29 | |
| 11334334623 | Euphemism | From the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT | 30 | |
| 11334334624 | Extended Metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 31 | |
| 11334334625 | Figurative Language | Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid | 32 | |
| 11334334626 | Genre | The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama. | 33 | |
| 11334334627 | Homily | This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice. | 34 | |
| 11334334628 | Imagery | The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. | 35 | |
| 11334334629 | Inference/infer | To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented. | 36 | |
| 11334334630 | Invective | an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language. | 37 | |
| 11334334631 | Irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true. | 38 | |
| 11334334632 | Mood | The prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work. | 39 | |
| 11334334633 | Narrative | The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events. | 40 | |
| 11334334634 | onomatopoeia | A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. | 41 | |
| 11334334635 | Oxymoron | is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. | 42 | |
| 11334334636 | Paradox | A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. | 43 | |
| 11334334637 | Parody | A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. | 44 | |
| 11334334638 | Pedantic | An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words). | 45 | |
| 11334334639 | Prose | written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure. | 46 | |
| 11334334640 | Repetition | The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. | 47 | |
| 11334334641 | Sarcasm | Involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. | 48 | |
| 11334334642 | Satire | A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule. | 49 | |
| 11334334643 | Subordinate clause | Like all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, this clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought. | 50 | |
| 11334334644 | Symbol/symbolism | Generally, anything that represents itself and stands for something else. | 51 | |
| 11334334645 | Syntax | The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences. | 52 | |
| 11334334646 | Theme | The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. | 53 | |
| 11334334647 | Thesis | The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position. | 54 | |
| 11334334648 | Tone | Describes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both. | 55 | |
| 11334334649 | Transition | A word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, effectively signal a shift from one idea to another. | 56 | |
| 11334334650 | Wit | in modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. | 57 | |
| 11334334651 | Anecdote | A brief story that illustrates or makes a point | 58 | |
| 11334334566 | Style | The choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes. | 59 | |
| 11334334567 | stream of consciousness | A technique in which the writer records thoughts and emotions as they come to mind, without giving order or structure | 60 | |
| 11334334568 | Semantics | Studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development (etymology), their connotations, and their relation to one another. | 61 | |
| 11334334569 | Motif | a dominant theme, subject, or idea which runs through a piece of literature | 62 | |
| 11334334570 | voice | "Sound" of the writer's style relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). | 63 | |
| 11334334571 | Predicate | the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating something about the subject | 64 | |
| 11334334572 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 65 | |
| 11334334573 | Inversion | inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order) | 66 | |
| 11334334574 | Abstract Language | Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. | 67 | |
| 11334334575 | annotation | A brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature. | 68 | |
| 11334334576 | Appositive | A noun or noun phrase that follows another noun immediately or defines or amplifies its meaning | 69 | |
| 11334334577 | attitude | The feelings of a particular speaker or piece of writing toward a subject, person, or idea | 70 | |
| 11334334578 | Cliché | a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought. | 71 | |
| 11334334579 | concrete detail/ concrete language | A highly specific, particular, often real, actual, or tangible detail | 72 | |
| 11334334580 | dependent clause | A clause in a complex sentence that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and that functions within the sentence as a noun or adjective or adverb | 73 | |
| 11334334581 | Gerund | A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun | 74 | |
| 11334334582 | digression | a temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing | 75 | |
| 11334334583 | Explication | act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language. | 76 | |
| 11334334584 | Red Herring | When a writer raises an irrelevant issue to draw attention away from the real issue | 77 | |
| 11334334585 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa | 78 | |
| 11334334586 | Trope | A figure of speech in which the use of a word or phrase other than in its literal meaning changes the meaning of a sentence. That is turning the meaning of a sentence another way by the use of a word(s). | 79 | |
| 11334334587 | verbal irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant | 80 | |
| 11334334588 | Straw Man | A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea. | 81 | |
| 11334334589 | Soliloquy | A long speech expressing the thoughts of a character alone on stage | 82 | |
| 11334334590 | situational irony | irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. | 83 | |
| 11334334591 | Persona | an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting | 84 | |
| 11334334592 | Parable | A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson | 85 | |
| 11334334593 | Oversimplification | Reducing an idea too much so it loses the point trying to be made | 86 | |
| 11334334594 | Objectivity | treating facts without influence from personal feelings or prejudices | 87 | |
| 11334334595 | Jargon | special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. | 88 | |
| 11334334596 | grotesque | comically or repulsively ugly or distorted | 89 | |
| 11334334597 | freight train | Sentence consisting of three or more very short independent clauses joined by conjunctions. | 90 | |
| 11334334598 | Exposition | Background information presented in a literary work. | 91 | |
| 11334334599 | Ethos | Method of persuasion that argues to seek common ground of shares morals or values in the audience | 92 | |
| 11334334600 | Epigraph | a quotation or aphorism at the beginning of a literary work suggestive of the theme. | 93 | |
| 11334334601 | epigram | a rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting and surprising satirical statement | 94 | |
| 11334334602 | Pathos | a method of convincing people with an argument drawn out through an emotional response | 95 | |
| 11334334603 | dramatic irony | when a reader is aware of something that a character isn't | 96 | |
| 11334334604 | common knowledge | Shared beliefs or assumptions between the reader and the audience. | 97 | |
| 11334334605 | causal relationship | In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument. | 98 | |
| 11334334606 | begging the question | a fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the very thing that one is trying to prove | 99 | |
| 11334334607 | Anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses | 100 | |
| 11334334608 | ad hominem | a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute | 101 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
Myers for AP ~ Unit 7 Flashcards
These flashcard sets follow along with MYERS' PSYCHOLOGY FOR AP, 2nd Edition, textbook by David G. Myers. This is Unit 7 (Modules 31-36) and is "Cognition."
Terms : Hide Images
| 6670303587 | memory | the persistence of learning over time through storage and retrieval of information. | 0 | |
| 6670303588 | encoding | the processing of information into the memory system. | 1 | |
| 6670303589 | storage | the retention of encoded information over time. | 2 | |
| 6670303590 | retreival | the process of getting formation out of memory. | 3 | |
| 6670303591 | parallel processing | the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously. | 4 | |
| 6670303592 | sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. | 5 | |
| 6670303593 | short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as seven digits of a phone number while dialing. | 6 | |
| 6670303594 | long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system that includes knowledge, skills, and experience. | 7 | |
| 6670303595 | working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information. | 8 | |
| 6670303596 | explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." | 9 | |
| 6670303597 | effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. | 10 | |
| 6670303598 | automatic processing | unconscious encoding of the incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information. | 11 | |
| 6670303599 | implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection. | 12 | |
| 6670303600 | iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more that a few tenths of a second. | 13 | |
| 6670303601 | echoic memory | a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled for about 3 or 4 seconds. | 14 | |
| 6670303602 | chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically. | 15 | |
| 6670303603 | mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. | 16 | |
| 6670303604 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice. | 17 | |
| 6670303605 | testing effect | enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning. | 18 | |
| 6670303606 | shallow processing | encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words. | 19 | |
| 6670303607 | deep processing | encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention. | 20 | |
| 6670303608 | hippocampus | a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. | 21 | |
| 6670303609 | flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. | 22 | |
| 6670303610 | long-term potentiation | an increase in a synapses' firing potential after brief, rapids stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. | 23 | |
| 6670303611 | recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. | 24 | |
| 6670303612 | recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test. | 25 | |
| 6670303613 | relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when leaning material for a second time. | 26 | |
| 6670303614 | priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception. | 27 | |
| 6670303615 | mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. | 28 | |
| 6670303616 | serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. | 29 | |
| 6670303617 | anterograde amnesia | an inability to form new memories. | 30 | |
| 6670303618 | retrograde amnesia | an inability to retrieve information from one's past. | 31 | |
| 6670303619 | proactive interference | the disruptive effect of old information on new information. | 32 | |
| 6670303620 | retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new information on old information. | 33 | |
| 6670303621 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. | 34 | |
| 6670303622 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. | 35 | |
| 6670303623 | source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. | 36 | |
| 6670303624 | deja vu | the eerie sense that "I've experienced this before." Cues from current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience. | 37 | |
| 6670303625 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. | 38 | |
| 6670303626 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. | 39 | |
| 6670303627 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories. | 40 | |
| 6670303628 | creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. | 41 | |
| 6670303629 | convergent thinking | narrows the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution. | 42 | |
| 6670303630 | divergent thinking | expands the number of possible problem solutions (creative thinking that diverges in different directions). | 43 | |
| 6670303631 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. | 44 | |
| 6670303632 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. | 45 | |
| 6670303633 | insight | a sudden and novel realization of the solution to a problem. | 46 | |
| 6670303634 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and ignore or distort contrary evidence. | 47 | |
| 6670303635 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. | 48 | |
| 6670303636 | intution | an effortless, immediate autonomic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning. | 49 | |
| 6670303637 | representative heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes. | 50 | |
| 6670303638 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. | 51 | |
| 6670303639 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct--to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments. | 52 | |
| 6670303640 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited. | 53 | |
| 6670303641 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments. | 54 | |
| 6670303642 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning. | 55 | |
| 6670303643 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | 56 | |
| 6670303644 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word. | 57 | |
| 6670303645 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. | 58 | |
| 6670303646 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. | 59 | |
| 6670303647 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words. | 60 | |
| 6670303648 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements. | 61 | |
| 6670303649 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram using mostly nouns and verbs. | 62 | |
| 6670303650 | aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left-hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). | 63 | |
| 6670303651 | Broca's area | controls language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. | 64 | |
| 6670303652 | Wernicke's area | controls language reception—a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe. | 65 | |
| 6670303653 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language predetermines the way we think | 66 |
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