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AP Language Flashcards

7407802945	Polysyndeton	Intentional overuse of conjuctions	0
7407804842	Alliteration	Repetition of consonant sounds with an emphasis	1
7407810802	Zuegma	When one word governs two	2
7407812437	Litotes	Double negation to achieve affirmation	3
7407818841	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions	4
7407820867	Anadiplosis	Repeating a word at the end and beginning of successive clauses	5
7407830788	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	6
7407841740	Sarcasm	Has an intent to hurt, and has a target	7
7407852455	Hyperbole	Intentional exaggeration	8
7407857387	Assonance	Repetition of vowel sounds	9
7407859310	Consonance	Repetition of consonant sounds	10
7407866141	Onomaetopoeia	Words that mimic the sounds they are representing	11
7407872231	Parody	A humorous imitation of a serious work	12
7407873673	Syllogism	3 part deductive reasoning	13
7407876015	Enthylmeme	Syllogism with one part missing	14
7407898285	Diction	Word choice	15
7407904994	Syntax	Word placement	16
7407906123	Ad Hominem	Against the man	17
7407936614	Post hoc ergo propter hoc	Fallacy by causality	18
7407938490	Straw man	Construct for opponent, then burn it down	19
7407940823	Logos	Appeals to fact based info/logic	20
7407950409	Analogy	Something easy to understand to describe something more difficult	21
7407954841	Ethos	Appeals to ethics	22
7407963062	Hasty Generalization	Making a statement without individual examples	23
7407969350	Process Analysis	Step by step process	24
7407970633	Anecdote	Short story with a moral	25
7407979778	Synecdoche	Replacing the part with a whole or a whole with a part	26
7407986849	Euphemism	Replacing words with ones easier to accept. More offensive terms with less offensive terms	27
7407999283	Narration	1,2,3 person narration. A type of writing- story with a plot	28
7408004386	Description	Use sensory terms to describe a picture	29
7408011485	Comparison	Analysis of similarities	30
7408013370	Contrast	Analysis of differences	31
7408015292	Antithesis	Similar structure, opposite meaning	32
7408019823	Argument from authority	Making an argument using an authority figure	33
7408022108	Satire	The use of wit to criticize a social institution or human foible (CRITICAL)	34
7408029524	Allusion	Refers to a well known story, event, person, or object in order to make a comparison	35
7575542101	Pleonasm	Intentional redundancy	36
7575554292	Tautology	Repetition of an idea	37
7575557446	Paradox	Seeming contradiction that is nonetheless true	38
7575557447	Dramatic Irony	When the audience or other characters know something the target character does not	39
7575560040	Irony	Intended meaning is opposite the actual meaning.	40
7575563041	Verbal Irony	Irony either written or spoken	41
7575564771	Voice (Literary)	Author's opinion	42
7582949924	Pathos	Appeals to emotion	43
7582956542	Anaphora	Repetition at the beginning of a sentence	44
7587582348	Simile	Comparison using like or as	45

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10530465138	hominem argument	argument that attacks opposing speaker	0
10530467285	allegory	fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts	1
10530472627	alliteration	repetition of consonant sounds	2
10530475058	allusion	passing reference to a familiar person place or thing	3
10530480137	amibiguity	uncertain or indefinite	4
10530483181	analogy	resemblance of two things that are essentially different	5
10530489309	analytical reading	Reading actively paying attention to content and structure of the text	6
10530493248	anteccedent	noun from which another pronoun derives its meaning	7
10530498937	antithesis	opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	8
10530502593	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person	9
10530505004	apotheosis	raising to god status	10
10530509640	appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	11
10530511565	argument	to attempt to convince the reader to agree with a point of view	12
10530518499	assertion	The thesis or proposition that a writer puts forward in argument.	13
10530521279	assonance	type of internal rhyming	14
10530525028	assumption	belief or that is taken for granted	15
10530529278	Asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	16
10530530887	atmosphere	The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	17
10530534307	attitude	describes feelings of a particular speaker or piece of writing toward a subject	18
10530542670	audience	the intended reader of a piece	19
10530544233	bathos	A false or forced emotion that is often humorous.	20
10530548237	claim	proposition put forth in argument	21
10530559079	classification	The process of grouping things based on their similarities	22
10530565464	cliche	expression that has become ineffective through overuse	23
10530570590	coherence	A quality of good writing that results when all sentences, paragraphs and longer divisions of an essay are naturally connected.	24
10530575036	colloquial expression	Characteristic of or appropriate to spoken language or to writing that seeks its effect.	25
10530583002	compare and contrast	finding similarities and differences between 2 things	26
10530585542	concrete	names a specific person place or thing that can be directly perceived by the senses	27
10530594775	connotation	an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.	28
10530595851	contrast	help writers to expand on their ideas by allowing them to show both what a thing is and what it is not	29
10530600994	deduction	process of reasoning from a sated premise to a necessary conclusion	30
10530610570	definition	statement of the meaning of a word	31
10530614890	description	tells how a person place or things perceived by the 5 senses	32
10530625276	dialogue	conversation that is recorded in a place of writing	33
10530628488	diction	authors choice of words	34
10530630853	division	breaking a single large unit into smaller ones	35
10530639806	dominant impression	the single mood, atmosphere, or quality a writer emphasizes in a piece of descriptive writing	36
10530640906	draft	a first or preliminary form of any writing, subject to revision, copying, etc.	37
10530644770	editing	The process of updating a document to make changes, correct errors, and make it visually appealing	38
10530649380	elegiac	Expressing sorrow or lamentation	39
10530652262	emphasis	the placement of important ideas and words within sentences and longer units of writing so that they have the greatest impact	40
10530653809	essay	a short piece of nonfiction writing on a particular subject.	41
10530660096	ethos	credibility	42
10530667088	euphemism	A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea	43
10530673792	evaluation	assessment of its effectiveness or merit	44
10530683079	evidence	data on which an argument is based	45
10530688217	examples	basic means of developing or clarifying an idea	46
10530696836	exemplification	Providing examples in service of a point.	47
10530701120	exposition	to clarify explain and inform	48
10530703570	fact	A statement that can be proved.	49
10530707370	figures of speech	imaginative comparisons in which one thing is described in terms of another	50
10530710082	fiction	based on actual occurrences	51
10530715239	figurative language	imply an imaginative comparison	52
10530718200	focus	limitation that a writer gives his or her subject	53
10530724328	foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative	54
10530727575	grammar	a set of rules that specify how the units of language can be combined to produce meaningful messages	55
10530730173	Hyperbole	a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect	56
10530737182	idiom	a word or phrase that is habitually with a particular meaning in a language	57
10530752794	image	a mental picture of something	58
10530754455	induction	process of reasoning to a conclusion about all members of a class	59
10530763542	irony	when a situation produces an outcome opposite of what was expected	60
10530768446	juxtaposition	when to contrasting things are placed next to each other	61
10530774415	fallacy	error in reasoning	62
10530776975	logos	The use of reason as a controlling principle in an argument	63
10530778891	metaphor	figure of speech in which two unlike things are compared directly	64
10530789468	metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	65
10530792880	mood	The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event	66
10530794462	narration	to tell a story	67
10530799529	objective/subjective	Objective writing is factual and impersonal, whereas subjective writing,, relies heavily on personal interpretation.	68
10530800957	Onomatopoeia	words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning	69
10530810453	opinion	a belief or opinion	70
10530813877	organization	thoughtful arrangement of ones points or ideas	71
10530819308	overview	A brief summary of a whole work	72
10530821455	oxymoron	combines two contradictory words in one expression	73
10530827222	pacing	the speed of a story's action, dialogue, or narration	74
10530830834	paradox	contradiction that reveals some truth	75
10530833310	paragraph	the single most important unit of thought in an essay, is a series of closely related sentences	76
10530836779	Parallelism	A literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structures	77
10530838758	parody	effort to make fun of a literary work	78
10530844861	pathos	A sympathetic feeling of pity or compassion evoked by an artistic work	79
10530848027	person	describes the relationship of a writer to an audience by examining the pronouns that are used	80
10530855069	persona	The character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text	81
10530860577	Personification	objects are described as having human qualities	82
10530867787	point of view	the perspective from which a story is told	83
10530869289	prewriting	The thinking and planning done before a person writes.	84
10530870583	Process Analysis	answers the question how	85
10530873321	publication	when the writer shares his or her writing with the intended audience	86
10530875857	pun	A play on words	87
10530877141	purpose	what the writer wants to accomplish in a particular piece of writing	88
10530880833	Reptition	repeating of a word or phrase for emphasis	89
10530884492	revision	writer determines what in the draft needs to be developed	90
10530896740	satire	ridicule or mock ideas	91
10530903748	selection of detail	The specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative	92
10530905573	sequence	the order in which things happen or should happen	93
10530906901	simile	commonly used figure of speech like or as	94
10530915997	slang	informal language	95
10530917789	slanting	use of certain words that result in a biased view point	96
10530924095	speaker	narrator in the story	97
10530932322	strategy	means by which a writer achieves his or her purpose	98
10530940561	style	individual manor in which a writer expresses his or her view	99
10530945638	subject	what the essay is about	100
10530948144	syllogism	argument that utilizes deduct reasoning	101
10530957389	symbol	A person, place, or thing that stands for something beyond itself	102
10530960189	synonym	A word that means the same as another word	103
10530961730	syntax	The way words are arranged in a sentence	104
10530965950	technical language	specific vocabulary of a trade or profession	105
10530972981	tension	A feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work.	106
10530976436	texture	the way elements of a work of poetry are joined together	107
10530984167	theme	Central idea of a work of literature	108
10530985544	thesis	statement of the main idea	109
10530987736	title	beginning of an essay to identify the subject	110
10530994175	tone	the way an author presents his idea	111
10530999514	topic sentence	states the central idea	112
10531002275	transitions	words that link sentences and paragraphs to achieve coherence	113
10531012141	understatement	When an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves	114
10531014406	unity	when all the words contribute to a thesis	115
10531020032	voice	how the speaker presents himself to the reader	116
10531024435	writing process	consists of 5 major stages	117
10531030084	zeugma	particular breech of sense in a sentence	118

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7560661859	Annotation	a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram	0
7560666242	Dialectical journal	"A dialectical journal is a CONVERSATION between YOU and WHAT YOU ARE READING. You simply write down PASSAGES that MAKE YOU THINK, or INTEREST YOU, and write about your thoughts. This process is an important way to understand a piece of literature.	1
7560668175	Graphic organizer	A graphic organizer is a visual and graphic display that depicts the relationships between facts, terms, and or ideas within a learning task. Graphic organizers are also sometimes referred to as knowledge maps, concept maps, story maps, cognitive organizers, advance organizers, or concept diagrams	2
7560671484	Natural order sentence	Sentences that we generally write with the subject before the predicate. Inverted Order Sentences: Sentences where part or all of the predicate comes before the subject. The subject is a little harder to find in this type of sentence. Find the verb and ask who or what did that verb.	3
7560675959	Negates	to deny the existence, evidence, or truth of: an investigation tending to negate any supernatural influences. to nullify or cause to be ineffective:	4
7560676869	Pacing	Speed or tempo of author writing	5

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AP World History Flashcards

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7001656864	Gathering and Hunting	subsisting in the wild on food obtained by hunting and gathering	0
7001656865	Neolithic or Agricultural Revolution	wide scale transition of many human cultures from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making possible an increasingly larger population	1
7001656866	Domestication	the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food	2
7001656867	Innovation	A new method, idea, product, etc.	3
7001656868	Diffusion	the spreading of something more widely.	4
7001672531	Pastoral Society	a society in which food is obtained primarily by raising and taking care of animals	5
7001672532	Sedentary Society	staying in one place and creating your own food	6
7001675902	Urban Revolution	the process by which small, kin-based, nonliterate agricultural villages were transformed into large, socially complex, urban societies	7
7001675903	City-State	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state	8
7001677320	Civilization	the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.	9
7001677321	Patriarchy (Patriarchal Society)	a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it.	10
7001679618	Social Hierarchy	the division of society by rank or class	11
7001680825	Job Specialization	The process of focusing one's occupational concentration on a specific area of expertise.	12
7001682403	Metallurgy	the branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.	13
7001683142	Cuneiform	denoting or relating to the wedge-shaped characters used in the ancient writing systems of Mesopotamia, Persia, and Ugarit, surviving mainly impressed on clay tablets.	14
7001683143	Hieroglyphs	a stylized picture of an object representing a word, syllable, or sound, as found in ancient Egyptian and other writing systems.	15
7001684673	Quipus	an ancient Inca device for recording information, consisting of variously colored threads knotted in different ways.	16

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AP World History Chapter:19 Overview Flashcards

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8268662070	Clovis	The first king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler.	0
8268662071	Holy Roman Empire	A multi-ethnic complex of territories in Central Europe.	1
8268662072	Serfs	Peasants who were tied to the land and who owned obligation to the lords on whose land they worked.	2
8268662073	Vassals	A person or country in a subordinate position to another.	3
8268662074	Manors	Large estates of the nobles during the European middle ages.	4
8268662075	Pope Gregory I	A pope of the Catholic church.	5
8268662076	William Duke of Normandy	The first Norman king of England.	6
8268662077	Hanseatic League	A commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guides and their market towns.	7
8268662078	Three Estates	The three classes of European society.	8
8268662079	Chivalry	European medieval code of conduct for knights based on loyalty and honor.	9
8268662080	Guilds	A medieval association of craftsman or merchants.	10
8268662081	Thomas Aquinas	Italian theologian and doctor of the church.	11
8268662082	Pilgrimage	A pilgrims journey.	12
8268662083	Gothic Cathedrals	An agricultural style that flourished in Europe.	13
8268662084	Leif Erikson	A Norse explorer from Iceland.	14
8268662085	Reconquista	Crusade to drive the Islamic forces out of Spain.	15
8268662086	Bubonic Plague	A rare but serious disease spread by fleas.	16
8268662087	Iconoclasm	The social belief in the importance of the destruction of religious icons.	17
8268662088	Fourth Crusade	A Western European armed expedition.	18
8268662089	Compare and contrast the rise of the Byzantine and Holy Roman Empires.	When Rome declined, the western half of the Empire formed the Byzantine Empire. The eastern became the Holy Roman Empire.	19
8268662090	Compare and contrast the development of regional monarchies and states in France, England, Italy, and Iberia.	Europe had trouble developing new monarchies. The rest of the countries rules were harsh and a Machiavelli attitued that gained them respect.	20
8268662091	Explain the growth of the postclassical European agricultural economy.	Western society had other common features in economic activity and social structure.	21
8268662092	Identify the reason behind the revival of towns and trade across Europe and the Mediterranean.	Trade routes reopened by Western Europe and the East.	22
8268662093	Explain the important features of postclassical European social change.	The postclassical West demonstrated great powers of innovation.	23
8268662094	Outline the development of schools, universities, and scholastic theology.	Cathedral schools had formal curricula. Student guilds and faculty guilds.	24
8268662095	Explain key features of popular religion, reform movements, and popular heresies.	Religious beliefs that were in disagreement with an established Christian doctrine.	25
8268662096	Compare and contrast European expansions during the middle ages.	The middle period in a traditional division of European history into three epochs classical, middle, and modern.	26

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AP World History Chapter Thirty Two Notecards Flashcards

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9678094136	Proxy Wars	During the Cold War, local or regional wars in which the superpowers are, trained, and financed the combatants. 32.916	0
9678096616	Salvador Allende	Socialist politician elected president of Chile in 1970 and overthrown in 1973. He died during the military attack. 32.916	1
9678096617	Dirty War	War waged by the Argentine military (1976-1983) against leftist groups. Characterized by the use of illegal imprisonment, torture, and executions by the military. 32.917	2
9678097786	Sandinistas	Members of a leftist coalition that overthrew the Nicaraguan dictatorship of Anastasia Somoza in 1979 and attempted to install a socialist economy. The United States financed armed opposition by the Contras. The Sandinistas lost national elections in 1990. 32.917	3
9678099921	Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini	Shi'ite philosopher and cleric who led the overthrow of the shah of Iran in 1979 and created an Islamic republic. 32.919	4
9678100857	Neo-Liberalism	The term used in Latin America and other developing regions to describe free-market policies that include reducing tariff protection for local industries, the sale of public-sector industries, like national airlines and public utilities, to private investors or foreign corporations: and the reduction of social welfare policies and public-sector employment. 32.920	5
9678101904	Saddam Husain	President of Irag from 1979 until overthrown by an American-led invasion in 2003. Waged war on Iran from 1980 to 1988. His invasion of Kuwait in 1990 was repulsed in the Persian Gulf War in 1991. 32.921	6
9678101905	Keiretsu	Alliances of corporations and banks that dominate the Japanese economy. 32.922	7
9678103152	Asian Tigers	Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s. 32.922	8
9678104654	Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs)	Rapidly growing, new industrial nations of the late twentieth century, including the Asian Tigers. 32.923	9
9678105503	Deng Xiaoping	Communist Party leader who forced Chinese economic reforms after the death of Mao Zedong. 32.923	10
9678106894	Tiananmen Square	Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand grater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. 32.923	11
9678108182	Mikhail Gorbachev	Head of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. His liberalization effort improved relations with the West, but he lost power after his reforms led to the collapse of communist governments in eastern Europe. 32.924	12
9678108183	Perestroika	Policy of "restructuring" the was the centerpiece of Mikhail Gorbachev's efforts to liberalize communism in the Soviet Union. 32.924	13
9678110126	Solidarity	Polish trade union created in 1980 to protest working conditions and political repression. It began the nationalist opposition to communist rule that led in 1989 to the fall of communism in eastern Europe. 32.924	14
9678111341	Ethnic Cleansing	Effort to eradicate a people and its culture by means of mass killing and the destruction of historical buildings and cultural materials. Ethnic cleansing was used by both sides in the conflicts that accompanied the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. 32.925	15
9678111343	Thomas Malthus	Eighteenth-century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production. 32.927	16
9678113143	Demographic Transition	A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birthrates and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birthrate remains high, causing a population explosion; finally the birthrate drops and the population growth slows down. 32.928	17

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