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AP World History CH.4 Flashcards

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10509481975MesopotamiaFertile Crescent0
105094856495,000 B.C.E- SummeriansFirst written language1
105094877982900 B.C.E.-Akkadianscreated a Semitic Language2
10509489781Ziggarattemple(Priests only allowed)3
10509491430LugalKing4
10509492715AmuletsExpression of religious beliefs5
10509494570Epic Of GilgemeshOldest story in the world6
10509496854HittitesRivals of Egypt Horse-drawn war chariot Assimalted Mesopatamian Culture Wrinting and Language7
10531587161Darius 1decides to invade all of Greece in 490 B.C.E. to punish the Greeks.8
10531596631Hebrew BibleTorah9
10531598291Monotheismthe belief and acceptance of one god10
10531605311Diasporais the diversion go Jews beyond Israel11
10531616566Camelswere a new tech that opened up new trade routes12
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AP World History Revolutions Flashcards

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8858490839EnlightenmentA philosophical belief system in 18th century Europe that claimed that one could reform society by rediscovering rational laws that governed social behavior and were just as scientific as the laws of physics.0
8858495445Estates GeneralFrance's traditional national assembly with representative of the 3 estates, or class, in French society: the clergy, mobility, and commoners.1
8858501399Declaration of the Rights of Man and the CitizenStatement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution.2
8858504576JacobinsRadical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre from 1793-1794.3
8858509679Maximilien RobespierreYoung provincial lawyer who led the most radical phases of the French Revolution. His execution ended the Reign of Terror.4
8858517339Napoleon BonaparteGeneral who overthrew the French Directory in 1799 and became emperor of the French in 1804. Failed up defeat Great Brittan and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile.5
8858517340Francois Dominique Toussaint L'OuvertureLeader of the Haitian Revolution. He freed the slaves and gained effective Independence for Hati despite military interventions by the British and French.6
8858536950Congress of ViennaMeeting of representatives of European monarchs called to re-establish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.7
8858542357Revolutions of 1848Democratic and nationalist revolutions that swept across Europe. The monarchy in France was overthrown. In Germany, Austria, Italy, and Hungary the revolutions failed.8
8858553958Simon BolivarThe most important military leader in the struggle for independence in South America. Born in Venezuela, he led military forces there and in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.9
8858560364Miguel Hidalgo y CostillaMexican priest who led the first stage of the Mexican independence war in 1810.10
8858560365Caste WarA rebellion of the Maya people against the government of Mexico in 1847 that nearly returned the Yucatan to Maya rule.11
8858564922AbolitionistsMen and women who agitated for a complete end to slavery.12
8858568643AcculturationThe adoption of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants.13
8858571998Womans Rights ConventionAn 1848 gathering of woman angered by their exclusion from an international antislavery meeting.14
8858578328Benito JuarezPresident of Mexico from 1858-1872. Born in poverty in Mexico, he was educated as a lawyer and Rose to become chief justice of the Mexican supreme Court and then president. He led Mexico's resistance to aFrench invasion in 1862 and the installation of Maximilian as emperor.15
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AP World History Key Concept 2.1 Review Flashcards

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7323561853LegalismA Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.0
7323561854Confucius (Kung Fuzi)The founder of Confucianism (551-479 BCE); an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history.1
7323561856DaoismA Chinese philosophy that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Loazi.2
7323561857UpanishadsIndian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 BCE.3
7323561858VedasThe earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 BCE.4
7323561859Theravada"The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.5
7323561860BuddhismA religion, originated in India that believes life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment.6
7323561861Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 BCE) who founded Buddhism.7
7323561862Mahayana"Great vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural being and proved to be more popular (Theravada) Buddhism.8
7323561863NirvanaThe end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity and great compassion.9
7323561864Bhagavad GitaA great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.10
7323561865ZoroastrianismPersian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.11
7323561866ZarathustraA Persian prophet, traditionally dated to sixth or seventh century BCE (but perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.12
7323561867JudaismThe monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice.13
7323561868IsaiahOne of the most important prophets of Judaism, who teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century BCE).14
7323561869Greek RationalismA secularizing system of scientific and philosophic though that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.15
7323561870ConstantineRoman emperor (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe.16
7323561871Paul of Tarsus (Saint Paul)Helped to popularize Christianity, (10-65 CE).17
7323561872Church of the EastChurches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church.18
7323561874Jesus of NazarethThe prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE-30 CE).19
7323561875TheodosiusRoman emperor (r. 379-395 CE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.20
7323561876AnimismThe belief that nature itself is imbued with many spirits.21
7323561877Dao De JingA book of poems written by Laozi in which he attempts to describe the concept of dao, or the "way" of nature; foundational text for Daoism.22
7323561878AnalectsText composed by students of Confucius, which recorded conversations about his teachings; eventually became the foundational text for Confucianism.23
7323561879filial pietyLiterally the "righteousness of the son"; a core belief in Confucianism that one's place in society is a reflection of one's place within a family; based on the concept of the "five relationships."24
7323561880Hebrew (Scriptures)The codification of the ________ scriptures further associated Judaism with monotheism.25
7323561881MesopotamiaThe Hebrew scriptures influenced the cultural and legal traditions of what area?26
7323561882Conquest of Jewish states by Assyria, Babylonia, and Rome.What trend influenced the Jewish diasporic communities in the Middle East? Which peoples were involved?27
7323561883Vedic, HinduismSanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the __________ religions, which later became known as __________.28
7323561884Core beliefs: desire, suffering, and the search for enlightenment. Scriptures: Sutras & other misc. scriptures.What core beliefs did Buddhism preach? What scriptures were they recorded in?29
7323561885The Vedic beliefs and rituals dominant in South Asia.Buddhism was, in part, a reaction to ____________.30
7323561886Asoka / Mauryan Empire / efforts of missionaries and merchants and the establishment of educational institutions.Emperor _______________ of _____________ supported the spread of Buddhism. Buddhism was also spread through ___________________________.31
7323561887ConfucianismThe philosophical belief system of ___________ came out of China.32
7323561888to promote social harmony by outlining proper rituals and social relationships.Confucianism's main goal was:33
7323561889Balance between humans and nature.What are the core beliefs of Daoism?34
7323561890It influenced medical theories and practices, pottery, metallurgy, and architecture.What role did Daoism play in the development of Chinese culture?35
7323561893Efforts of missionaries and merchants through many parts of Afro-Eurasia / Emporer ConstantineChristianity initially spread through ____________, and later through the support of ____________________.36
7323561894Logic, empirical observations, and the nature of political power and hierarchy.What are the cored ideas of Greco-Roman philosophy/science?37
7323561896Shamanism/Animism persisted because of their daily reliance on the natural world.What belief systems continued alongside the codified, written belief systems? Why did these persist outside of core civilizations?38
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AP world history: Period 1&2 Study Guide Flashcards

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11641234271After the neolithic revolution, women...had less power(?)0
11641326473In the classical period, both China and India...welcomed influences from other cultures,increased trade and technology1
11641370207A latfundia was...a very extensive parcel of poverty owned land specialized in argriculture destined for export2
11641427244One difference between classical civilizations and river-valley civilizations was that in classical civilizations...they were monotheistic and had more elaborate centralized government3
11641460922All of the following constituted a function of government in Han China EXCEPT...schools for peasant boys4
11641485150Compared to China, Indian social structure...had caste system while China had a more familial hierarchy. both decide place and role in society and government5
11641511926Which of the following was a Confucian belief?- do onto other as you wish to be done to you - do your job and be the best at it -family is real freaking important - proper rituals lead to harmony6
11641560243India's political tradition during the Gupta Empire...had lots of Emperors and religious leaders7
11641576901Which dynasty followed the Qin?the Hans8
11641599244The indian caste system served to an extent as a political institution by...reinforcing the role/job of each caste the warriors did their thing, the rulers did their thing, the untouchables did theirs9
11641686655If the Greek genius was politics, the Roman genius wasengineering10
11641643054The Socratic method emphasized the importance of...questioning/ self reflection/finding your own answer11
11641701696The senate of the republican Rome particularly representedlanded aristocracy12
11641726646The 1st civil war that broke out in Rome toward the end of the Republic was the result of conflict between what two groups?Carthage and Rome13
11641735150Hellenistic society was known for its advances insciences, geometry, medicine (Book of Elements, Hippocrates)14
11641748385From a Confucian viewpoint, the roman empire might have been criticized for placing too much confidence inlaws instead of their trained officials15
11641781432Greek poleis or city-states developed because ofGreek geography, especially mountains, which separated populations16
11641791638What was the most significant effect of the Punic Warsnew social climate?17
11641825383The collection of Indian poetic hymns dedicated to the various deities and describing sacred practices is ...The Red Veda18
11641803441The important Han innovations include...paper,the calendar and the yoke19
11641896934Which of following represents the philosophical viewpoint of Laozi?Yin&Yang balance with nature or something like that20
11641957233Compared to Hinduism and Buddhism, all of the following constitute distinctive features of the late roman Christianity EXCEPT....non-believers cant join the church21
11641996781The Athenian empire of the fifth century B.C. grew from an alliance of city-states called the...Greek Empire(?)22
11642008823How did Greek and Chinese civilizations differ?Greek depended on slaves and less centralized government23
11642051028What groups invasion of India, beginning in the sixth century C.E.,resulting in the collapse of the Guptas Empire?the white Hans24
11642073854The neolithic revolution was characterized by...development of agriculture,domestication of animals,staying in one place/ permanent communities25
11642119130Which of the following groups made up the largest percentages of the Indian population?commoners, peasants etc26
11642149443what determined a person's place within the Indian social hierarchy?their caste/ how much karma they have27
11642174096the eastern portion of the roman empire experienced less decline than the west for all of the reasons EXCEPT...the east resisted the spread of Christianity28
11642198643Although greece is generally considered to be" resource poor", its economy prospered...through assessment of foreign resources29
11642211798the father of history in the western tradition is...Herodotus30
11642222232The Spartan city-state can be described asMILITARY DOMINATED that intentionally isolated itself from economic, cultural, and political developments elsewhere in Greece31
11642261082One irony of Athenian democracy wasThe abundance of slaves which showed that the democracy appealed to a small percentage of the society.32
11642273849The leading export commodity of China wassilk33
11642293676which of the following is NOT considered a contributing factor in the fall of the Han Empire ?did b/c of disease,inequality, and unrest34
11642298626Indian Ocean society could be described as bicultural becauseseveral communities lived and mingled(?)35
11642323540what was the roman empires attitude toward extension of civilization?I came, I saw, i conquered try to influence a hella lot36
11642350961the rationalization for the overthrow of the shang dynasty based on the principle of divine judgement was called...mandate of heaven37
11642389119which of the following most accurately describes the political philosophy of the Han?conquer shit and force culture on them38
11642432203despite major differnces, Christianity, Hinduism, and Buddhism all show...life after death39
11642406926which of the following statements concerning the agricultural economy of the roman empire is NOT true?did b/c of not enough resources40
11642455361which of the following statements concerning the rule of Asahoka is not true?he did spread Buddhism, help[ed the economy, stopped slavery and stuff like that41
11642488007which of the following would best fit in with the beliefs of a practicing Buddhist?meditaion and ethical behavior stop suffering to reach nirvana also no caste system42
11642510139the reincarnation of a person into a given class depend on...karma and all that jazz43
11642530302what was the basic structure of the roman household?men in charge and voice everything women make babies slaves do work44
11642547172which of the following is an accurate statement about the indian caste system?based on how you did in the past life reincarnation karma45
11642560104As the Zhou ability to control their vassals decreased, China enteredlegalism(???) post-classical era(???) i have no idea46
11642589088what was the status of women during the Han dynasty?not bad, sometimes quite powerful in the household47
11642600621the importance of the monsoon was...fast and regular trade48
11642628015which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between classical Chinese approach to politics and te approach of Hellenic Greece to politics?ruled larger area more forceful49
11642649744which of the following accuratly reflects the relationship between greek city-states?kinda just there, traded with them when needed, fought quite a bit but kinda just left them50
11642666503Why are the Bantus important to African culture?they come the closest to resembling a common cultural source in sub-Saharan Africa51
11642691082how did the Gupta empire compare in terms of political organization to the Mauryan empire?ruled lots of area52
11642726730the qin emperor was committed to standardization of coinage,weights and measures, the law code, and written script. this shows a commitment to...the creation of unified chinese civilization53
11642736633Leading up to 1000 C.E., what was the world's most vital overland trade route?the silk road54
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AP World Period 3 Vocabulary Flashcards

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9020548272Trans -Saharan TradeTrade of goods through the Sahara dessert Goods: Salt, gold, animal hides, slaves Important points: Timbuktu, Goa,Djenne0
9020548273IslamMonotheistic religion created in the 7th century by Arabic merchant, Muhammed1
9020548274CaliphateA regional state unified by Islam2
9020548275CrusadesA series of Christian vs Muslim military campaigns for the "holy land"3
9020548276Dar-al-Islamterritory of Islam4
9020548277Byzantine EmpireEastern Roman empire extending to the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia5
9020548278SinificationChinese-ification of Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia6
9020548279Mongolsnomadic invaders that conquered Eurasia with force and diplomacy7
9020548280Black DeathPlague that killed 1/3 of European population8
9020548281MayaMesoAmerican civilization that had pyramids, large cities, a written system, and complex society9
9020548282Coerced laborslavery, serfdom, corvee (government-recquired labor on public works projects), and indentured servitude10
9020548283FeudalismAgricultural workers serving landowners or lords (knights and samurai)11
9020548284Zheng HeMing explorer that crossed the Indian Ocean12
9020548285Silkhighly-priced luxury commodity mainly exported from China13
9020548286Chinese Inventionsgunpowder, compass, paper, astrolabe14
9020548287Tang Dynasty(618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system.15
9020548288Song Dynasty(960 - 1279 AD); started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass, navy, traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton), first to have paper money, explosive gun powder16
9020548289Central AsiaA region that includes the republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan17
9020548290Indian Ocean tradetrade between Arab, Persian, Turkish, Indian, African, Chinese, and Europe merchants18
9020548291Ming DynastySucceeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China.19
9020548292Grand Canalan inland waterway 1000 miles long in eastern China20
9020548293Pax MongolicaMongol peace from mid-1200's through mid-1300's imposed stability and law and order across Eurasia. Guaranteed safe passage for trade caravans, travelers, and missionaries from one end of empire to other.21
9020548294VikingsA nomadic group that conquered ex: Normans22
9020548295SyncretismA blending of two or more religious traditions23
9020548296Marco PoloItalian explorer and author who made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys, responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.24
9020548297Ibn Battuta(1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period.25
9020548298Mansa MusaEmperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.26
9020548299The Renaissance(1350-1600) bagan in Italy. Rebirth of learning, science, art, music, literature, and culture. Rediscovery of Ancient Greece and Rome27
9020548300SecularNon-religious28
9020548301MissionaryA person who spreads his or her religious beliefs to others29
9020548302Charlemagne768-843; reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire.30
9020548303Justinian6th century Byzantine emperor; failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire; rebuilt Constatinople; codified Roman law31
9020548304hajjA pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims32
9020548305Zakatpart of 4th Pillar, charitable giving of 2.5% of your net worth to community treasury33
9020548306jihadA holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal34
9020548309BaghdadAbbasid capital35
9020548311ChinampasAztec floating gardens36
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AP World History: Chapter 4 (Mr. Arns) Flashcards

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10822563106LegalismA Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments.0
10822563108Ban ZhaoA major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45-116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women.1
10822563110UpanishadsIndian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E. a part of the Vedas, are ancient Sanskrit texts that contain some of the central philosophical concepts and ideas of Hinduism2
10822563111VedasThe earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E. are a large body of knowledge texts originating in the ancient Indian subcontinent. Composed in Sanskrit, the texts constitute the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.3
10822563112AristotleA Greek polymath philosopher (384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.4
10822563115Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha)The Indian prince who turned ascetic (ca. 566-486 B.C.E.) who founded Buddhism. was born in the sixth century B.C. in what is now modern Nepal. Known as the Buddha, he is the founder of Buddhism.5
10822563116Mahayana"Great Vehicle," the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism.6
10822563117NirvanaThe end goal of Buddhism, in which individual identity is "extinguished" into a state of serenity & great compassion. a transcendent state in which there is neither suffering, desire, nor sense of self, and the subject is released from the effects of karma and the cycle of death and rebirth. It represents the final goal of Buddhism.7
10822563119ZoroastrianismPersian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra. a monotheistic pre-Islamic religion of ancient Persia founded by Zoroaster in the 6th century BC.8
10822563121JudaismThe monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh/YHWH) with concerns with social justice. is an ancient monotheistic Abrahamic religion with the Torah as its foundational text. It encompasses the religion, philosophy and culture of the Jewish people.9
10822563123Greek rationalismA secularizing system of scientific and philosophic thought that developed in Classical Greece in the period 600 to 300 B.C.E.; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in nonreligious terms.10
10822563124SocratesThe first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.)11
10822563127Saint PaulThe first great popularize of Christianity (10-65 C.E.)12
10822563130Church of the EastPlanted churches in Syria and Persia that were distinct in theology and practice from the Roman Church13
10822563128Jesus of NazarethThe prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.). Born in 4 CE and referred to by Christians as Jesus Christ, he was a Jewish preacher, carpenter and religious leader. Believed by Christians to be the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament.14
10822563132Confucianismthe ethical system of Confucius, emphasizing moral order, the humanity and virtue of China's ancient rulers, and gentlemanly education15
10822563133DaoismA principal philosophy and system of religion of China that is based on writings attributed to Lao Tzu, advocates conforming one's behavior and appreciation of nature. A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legendary figure Laozi.16
10822563145Filial PietyIn Confucian philosophy it's a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.17
10822563150Brahminsa member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood.18
10822563152Karmathe sum of a person's actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existence19
10822563155TheravadaSects of Buddhism, "The Teaching of the Elders," the early form of Buddhism according to which the Buddha was a wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.20
10822563156Bhagavad Gitais a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu scripture. A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation.21
10824643874Yin and YangIn Daoist belief, complementary factors that help to maintain the equilibrium of the world. One is associated with masculine, light, and active qualities while the other with feminine, dark, and passive qualities.22
10824652133ShamanismThe practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia. (p. 292)23
10824672860ReincarnationIn Hinduism and Buddhism, the process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding24
10824679696New TestamentThe second part of the Christian Bible, containing descriptions of the life and teachings of Jesus and of his early followers25
10824686318MokshaThe Hindu concept of the spirit's 'liberation' from the endless cycle of rebirths.26
10824698692Edict of Milan313 CE Constantine makes Christianity the primary religion of the Roman Empire27
10824705748BodhisattvaBuddhist worthy of nirvana who postpones it to help others28
10824832406DharmaIn Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties29
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AP World History Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards

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7293897710Austronesian Peopleexplored and settled on islands of the Pacific Ocean basin as early as 2000 BCE the transfer of technologies from the mainland to smaller islands (like agriculture, etc) occurred0
7293897711Bloodletting Ritualcuttingg part of the body to release blood as an ancient ritual used by many Mesoamerican societies was a means to a vision quest, where fasting, loss of blood, and perhaps hallucinogenics lead to visions of ancestors or gods in Mayan culture1
7293897712Chavín Cultmysterious yet popular South American religion first culture of the Andes mountains2
7293897713Chichén ItzáMayan kingdom; attempted to bring political stability to their region by placing other city-states under their power an attempt to create a unified empire3
7293897714Colossal Human Headsare at least seventeen monumental stone representations of human heads sculpted from large basalt boulders date from at least before 900 BC and; distinctive feature of the Olmec civilization of ancient Mesoamerica.4
7293897715Kaminaljuyúpre-Columbian site of the Mayan civilization that was primarily occupied from 1500 BC to AD 1200. has been described as one of the greatest of all archaeological sites in the New World5
7293897716LapitaAustronesian population that emerged from Taiwan. shows migration patterns.6
7293897717Maizethe staple crop for Mesoamerica was a vital force with which they strongly identify.7
7293897718MayaCentral American society (300-1100) known for math, astronomy, and a sophisticated written language was an advanced society that led to many technological inventions8
7293897719Maya Ball Gamegame in which Maya peoples used a hard rubber ball to propel through a ring without using their hands; often used for ritual/ceremonial purposes. example of the need for sacrifices in Mayan society.9
7293897720Mayan Calendarsystem of three interlacing calendars and almanacs which was used by several Mesoamerican culture the calendar was said we would face the apocalypse on December 21, 201210
7293897721Mesoamericaa region and cultural area in the Americas informs us of what human societies need11
7293897722Mochicapre-Incan South American society (300-700) known for their brilliant ceramics. was a major culture in the Andes that influenced the Incas12
7293897723Oceaniarefers to the Pacific Ocean basin and its lands. a key region that has many important islands13
7293897724Olmecsearly Mesoamerican society that centered on sites at San Lorenzo, La Venta, and Tres Zapotes among others first civilization of the area, influenced other civilizations in the region14
7293897725Popol VuhMayan creation epic. explains most of their sacrificial and gory rituals.15
7293897726TeotihuacanCentral American society; its Pyramid of the Sun was the largest structure in Mesoamerica. powerful city with much attraction, may have led to the downfall of the Mayans16
7293897727TikalMaya political center from the fourth through the ninth century. showed abilities of Mayan engineering17
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The Classical Era - AP World History Flashcards

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10827499970BuddhismBelief system that started in India in the 500s BCE. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering. A path of practice and spiritual development leading to Insight into the true nature of reality.0
10827499971600 BCE - 600 CEClassical Era Time Period1
10827499972HinduismMost prevalent religion in India, that integrates spiritual beliefs with daily practices and official institutions such as the caste system.2
10827499973ConfucianismEmphasized education, family, peace, and justice3
10827499974Daoism (Taoism)Philosophy based on the ideas of the Chinese thinker Laozi, Who taught that people should be guided by a universal force called the Dao.4
10827499975ZoroastrianismA religion originating in ancient Iran. It centered on a single benevolent deity-Ahura Mazda, Emphasizing truth-telling, purity, and reverence for nature, the religion demanded that humans choose sides between good and evil5
10827499976Siddhartha GautamaThe founder of Buddhism6
10827499977VedasReligious texts that were passed down from generation to generation of Aryans in the form of hymns, songs, prayers and rituals honoring the Aryan gods7
10827499978ReincarnationThe rebirth of a soul after the body dies8
10827499979NirvanaUnion with the universal spirit; can be reached through the four noble truths and eightfold paths9
10827499980Pax Romanathe period of peace that existed between nationalities within the Roman Empire10
10827499981Law of Twelve Tablesthe earliest code of Roman civil, criminal, and religious law11
10827499982Punic warsa series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place.12
10827499983Constantinewas Roman Emperor from 377 - 306BC, he was the first emperor to profess Christianity and turned Rome in a Christian State13
10827499984DiasporaScattering of Hebrews because of conquerers that spread them to other parts of the earth14
10827499985KarmaA destiny that has been shaped by years of cause and effect, that is outwardly revealed by and individuals caste or station life15
10827499986Eightfold pathComposed of eight steps that must be mastered one at a time16
10827499987DharmaSet of duties that the individual must fulfill17
10827499988Great Wall of ChinaWall began in the Qin Dynasty18
10827499989BrahminPriests who compiled the Vedas19
10827499990Kshatriyawarriors and officials (caste system)20
10827499991Vaishyamerchants, artisans, and landowners (caste system)21
10827499992Shudrapeasants and laborers (caste system)22
10827499993Vedic AgeLasted from 1500 to 500 BCE, time period after the collapse of the Indus River Valley Civilization, contained the Vedas, which are religious texts23
10827499994Mauryan Empire(321-184BC) The first united Indian state, founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 BCE, after Alexander's defeat of weakened India; it lasted for more than 100 years, before it declined, and fell in 183 BCE.24
10827499995Gupta Empire320BC-550CE, located in northern India25
10827499996Persian EmpireIndo-Europeans who settled in present-day Iran. Defeated the Babylonians and created the largest empire in the world up to 500 BC. It stretched across Africa, the Mediterranean, Turkey, Greece, and Afghanistan. Persia was later conquered by Alexander the Great.26
10827499997Qin DynastyIron weapons helped army defeat other states until it controlled China, King declared himself "First Emperor" or Shi Huangdi (ruled 221 - 210 BCE. The dynasty didn't last long but is significant in regard to the development of the Chinese state, and developed bureaucracy (it also made the Great Wall of China)27
10827499998Han DynastyDynasty that lasted from 206-220BC and began the official establishment of the Silk Road.28
10827499999Byzantine EmpireThe eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.29
10827500000Hellenistic SynthesisHellenistic culture mixed with other cultures, creating cosmopolitan societies connected by trade and Greek culture30
10827500001Athens and Spartatwo main city-states of Greek Empire31
10827500002LegalismChinese philosophy developed by Han Feizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws.32
10827500003Mandate of HeavenAncient Chinese belief/theory and philosophical idea that tiān (heaven) granted emperors the right to rule based on their ability to govern well, appropriately and fairly.33
10827500004AristotleA Greek philosopher and scientist who was interested in practically every field of human endeavor.34
10827500005SocratesFirst philosopher to focus on ethical questions and truth-seeking regarding human nature, understandings and relationships35
10827500006MarathonBattle in 490 BCE Greeks defeat Persia36
10827500007Peloponnesian war431-404 BCE) between Athens and Sparta. With Sparta winning, both were still majorly weakened, they were conquered by Macedonia37
10827500008TriumvirateRule of three men holding power (in ancient Rome) Ex: the unofficial coalition of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus in 60 BC38
10827500009Four noble truths・all of life is suffering ・all suffering is caused by desire for things that ultimately won't fulfill us ・desire can only be overcome by ending all desire ・desire can only be ended by following the eighthfold path39
10827500010Alexander The GreatBetween 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East.40
10827500011BureaucracyA system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives41
10827500012AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism42
10827500013Chandragupta MauryaFounder of the Mauryan Empire, first emperor to unify most of India43
10827500014Chandra GuptaFounder of the Gupta Empire44
10827500015Caste SystemA Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life45
10827500016AthensA democratic Greek polis who accomplished many cultural achievements, and who were constantly at war with Sparta.46
10827500017SpartaA powerful Greek military polis that was often at war with Athens. Used slaves known as helots to provide agricultural labor.47
10827500018Shi HuangdiFounder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization.48
10827500019AnalectsCollection of moral and social teachings of Confucius, including the concept of the Five Relationships.49
10827500020Confucius(551-479 BCE?) Chinese philosopher and writer of The Analects, a collection of moral and social teachings, including the concept of the Five Relationships. Also known as Kong Fu Zi.50
10827500021ZoroasterFounder of Zoroastrianism, a religion unique to Persia.51
10827500022Royal RoadCreated by King Darius, a system of roads in the Persian empire stretching over 1,600 miles. It connected the vast empire and helped with communication and transportation52
10827500023Cyrus the GreatExtended territory from India to the Mediterranean Sea, Reached its height under Darius I (into Egypt and Macedonia) and established law code based on earlier Mesopotamian codes.53
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AP World History: Enlightenment Flashcards

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9112016759English Second Treatise on Government 1689John Locke0
9112016760People have natural rights, which they are born with. These rights are life, liberty, and property and they cannot be takenJohn Locke1
9112016761The goal of the government is to protect natural rights. If it fails, then the people have the right to overthrow itJohn Locke2
9112016762Influenced the Declaration of Independence and the Declarations of Rights of Man and CitizenJohn Locke3
9112016763French Hundreds of books Candid- most famous book - 1759Voltaire4
9112016764Freedom of religionVoltaire5
9112016765Freedom of speechVoltaire6
9112016766Attacked the French monarchy and Catholic Church for denying freedom of speech and religion.Voltaire7
9112016767Wrote about evils of intolerance and used reason and evidence in his writingsVoltaire8
9112016768Influenced the Bill of RightsVoltaire9
9112016769French On The Spirit of Laws - 1748Montesquieu10
9112016770Separation of Powers - power separates into three branches: judiciary, executive, and parliamentMontesquieu11
9112016771Elitist - afraid of uprising in lower classMontesquieu12
9112016772Checks and balancesMontesquieu13
9112016773Influenced the Constitution with Checks and BalancesMontesquieu14
9112016774French The Social Contract - 1762Rousseau15
9112016775Popular sovereignty - people are the source of governmentRousseau16
9112016776In the US people vote directly on some issues. Congress and president voted for by the people (regular elections)Rousseau17
9112016777French executed their king in 1794Rousseau18
9112016778Vindication of the rights of a womenMary Wollstonecraft19
9112016779English advocate for women's rights First feministMary Wollstonecraft20
9112016780Got separated from her husband - decided to marry againMary Wollstonecraft21
9112016781Feminist starts in 18th centuryMary Wollstonecraft22
9112016782English Leviathan 1657Thomas Hobbes23
9112016783Argued that humans are naturally selfish and violentThomas Hobbes24
9112016784Social contractThomas Hobbes25
9112016785Witnessed the worst of the French RevolutionThomas Hobbes26
9112016786Supports absolutismThomas Hobbes27
9112016787Influenced the electoral collegeThomas Hobbes28
9112016788Caused byScientific Revolution29
9112016789Focus:Social sciences Philosophical movement30
9112016790GoalFind social laws as solid as scientific laws31
9112016791LanguageEnglish/French32
9112016792Response toAbsolutism33
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