Flashcards
Flashcards
AP US History Period 4 (1800-1848) Flashcards
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| 6876008329 | Federalist | Political party created in the 1790s led by Alexander Hamilton; favored a stronger national government; supported primarily by the bankers and moneyed interests |  | 0 |
| 6876008330 | Democratic-Republicans | Political party created in the 1790's; led by Thomas Jefferson; favored limited government and state rights; supported primarily by the "common man" | | 1 |
| 6876008333 | Era of Good Feelings | Term used to describe the time period after the 2nd Party System in the United States after the Federalist Party fell from the national stage, leaving only the Democratic Party; associated with the presidency of James Monroe |  | 2 |
| 6876008334 | Democrats | Political party that brought Andrew Jackson into office in 1829; part of the 2nd Party System of the United States; supported Jeffersonian ideas of limited government and individualism; drew its support from the "common Man" |  | 3 |
| 6876008335 | Whig Party | Political Party created in 1834 as a coalition of anti-Jackson political leaders and dedicated to internal improvements funded by the national government |  | 4 |
| 6876008336 | Andrew Jackson | Leader of the Democrats who became the seventh president of the US (1829-1837); known for his opposition to the 2nd Bank of the US, the Indian Removal Act, and opposition to nullification | | 5 |
| 6876008337 | Henry Clay | Leader of the Whig Party who proposed an "American System" to make the United States economically self-sufficient, mostly through protective tariffs; worked to keep the Union together through political compromise |  | 6 |
| 6876008338 | Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) | After South Carolina declared the federal tariff null and void, President Jackson obtained a Force Bill to use military actions against South Carolina; ended with a compromise to lower tariffs over an extended time; overall significance was the challenge of states to ignore federal law (later on with laws regarding slavery). |  | 7 |
| 6876008339 | John C. Calhoun | South Carolina political leader who defended slavery as a positive good and advocated the doctrine of nullification, a policy in which state could nullify federal law. |  | 8 |
| 6876008340 | John Marshall | Appointed to the Supreme Court by John Adams in 1801; served as a chief justice until 1835; legal decisions gave the Supreme Court more power, strengthened the federal government, and supported protection of private property. |  | 9 |
| 6876008341 | Cotton Belt | Southern region in the US where most of the cotton is grown/deep; stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier; had the highest concentration of slaves |  | 10 |
| 6876008342 | Judicial Review | The power of the Supreme Court to review the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress |  | 11 |
| 6876008343 | Market Economy | Economic system based on the unregulated buying and selling of goods and services; prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand |  | 12 |
| 6876008344 | Embargo Act (1807) | Passed by President Jefferson in order to pressure Britain and France to stop impressment and support the American rights to free trade with the other; a government-order ban on international trade; went into effect in 1808 and closed down virtually all U.S. trade with foreign nations; led to steep depression in the economy |  | 13 |
| 6876008348 | Tariff of Abominations 1828 | Tariff with such high rates that it set off tension between northerners and southerners over tariff issues (called the Nullification Crisis) |  | 14 |
| 6876008350 | Slave Codes | Laws that established the status of slaves denying them basic rights and classifying them as the property of slaveholders |  | 15 |
| 6876008351 | Second Great Awakening | An upsurge in religious activity that began around 1800 and was characterized by emotional revival meetings; led to several reform movements (temperance, abolition) designed to perfect society with religious morals |  | 16 |
| 6876008367 | Lowell System | Method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, MA |  | 17 |
| 6876008368 | Erie Canal (1817-1825) | 350 mile canal built by the state of NY that stretched from Buffalo to Albany; the canal revolutionized shipping in NY and opened up new markets (evidence of the Market Revolution) |  | 18 |
| 6876008372 | Louisiana Purchase (1803) | U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River |  | 19 |
| 6876008377 | Monroe Doctrine (1823) | President Monroe's unilateral declaration that the Americas would be closed to further European colonization and that the U.S. would not allow European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere; in return the U.S. pledged to stay out of European conflicts and affairs; significant foreign policy state that lasted through most of the 19th century |  | 20 |
| 6876008379 | Manifest Destiny | Popular belief amongst early-19th century Americans that the U.S. was destined to expand across the North American continent, that this belief was obvious, and that God willed it to take place |  | 21 |
| 6876008381 | Indian Removal Act (1830) | Law that provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and the purchase of Indian lands for white resettlement |  | 22 |
| 6876008382 | Worcester v. Georgia (1832) | A Supreme Court ruling that declared a state did not have the power to enforce laws on lands that were not under state jurisdiction; John Marshall wrote that the state of Georgia did not have the power to remove Indians; this ruling was largely ignored by President Andrew Jackson |  | 23 |
| 6876008383 | Trail of Tears (1838) | Forced march of the Cherokee people from Georgia to Indian Territory in the winter; a large percentage of Cherokee died on the journey |  | 24 |
| 6876008386 | The American System | Consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: (1) a tariff to protect and promote American industry; (2) a national bank to foster commerce; (3) federal subsidies for roads, canals, and other "internal improvements" to develop profitable markets for agriculture; supported heavily by Henry Clay | | 25 |
| 6876008387 | Missouri Compromise (1820) | Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance between slave and free states in representation in the federal government; established a geographic line that would determine whether new states (made from the western territories) would be added to the union as slave or free states |  | 26 |
| 6876008388 | Spoils System | Public offices given as a reward for political support. Most iconically used by Andrew Jackson after his first election, which then became a precedent for future federal leaders. |  | 27 |
| 6876008389 | Marbury v. Madison (1803, Marshall) | The Court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review. |  | 28 |
| 6876008390 | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819, Marshall) | The Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. |  | 29 |
| 6876008392 | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831, Marshall) | "The conditions of the Indians in relation to the United States is perhaps unlike that of any two people in existence," Chief Justice John Marshall wrote, "their relation to the United States resembles that of a ward to his guardian. . .(they were a) domestic dependent nation." Established a "trust relationship" with the tribes directly under federal authority. | | 30 |
| 6876008393 | interchangeable parts | Parts that were identical and which could be substituted for one another; developed by Eli Whitney for the manufacturing of muskets; became a hallmark of the American factory system |  | 31 |
| 6876008395 | tariff | A tax imposed on imported goods and services. Tariffs are used to restrict trade, as they increase the price of imported goods and services, making them more expensive to consumers. |  | 32 |
| 6876008396 | sectionalist | Person devoted to the cause of a particular section of the country (usually North or South), as opposed to the nation as a whole |  | 33 |
| 6876008397 | embargo | A government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port |  | 34 |
| 6893460502 | Nat Turner | Led a slave rebellion in the American South in 1831 that resulted in the slaughter of both slave owners and the slaves in rebellion | 35 | |
| 6893471531 | Gag Rule | Term for policy in the House of Representatives that didn't allow for consideration of abolition petitions | 36 | |
| 6893481117 | Force Bill | Bill passed by Andrew Jackson to allow federal troops to enforce the terms of the Tariff of 1828 (abominations) | 37 | |
| 8075703329 | Transportation Revolution | Improvements in technology to move people and products from one area to another | 38 | |
| 8075707792 | Maysville Road Veto | Jacksons response to a bill for federal funds to build a turnpike in Kentucky | 39 | |
| 8075717378 | Specie Circular | Jacksonian bill that required speculators to purchase western land with coin | 40 | |
| 8075720970 | Pet Banks | State banks that arose following Jackson's veto of the rechartering of the 2nd Bank of America | 41 | |
| 8075729981 | Corrupt Bargain | Term given by Jacksonians to the election of 1824 in which John Quincy Adams acquired Henry Clay's supporters in exchange for naming Clay Secretary of State | 42 | |
| 8075747873 | Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge | Supreme Court decision that struck down intra-state monopoly on the grounds that the people had a significant interest that monopolies could not protect | 43 | |
| 8075756367 | Laissez-faire | Term for the economic policy favored by Democrats in which the government plays no role in the economy | 44 | |
| 8075788798 | Gag Rule | Rule passed in Congress that prevented the presentation or debate of petitions for abolition | 45 | |
| 8075796397 | Yeoman | Group of poor, often landless, whites in the South | 46 | |
| 8075822839 | Positive Good | The notion advanced by slaveholders that slavery benefits society, including slaves | 47 |
Flashcards
AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards
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| 9905283043 | George Washington | 1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Neutrality; Farewell Address |  | 0 |
| 9905283044 | John Adams | 1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts |  | 1 |
| 9905283045 | Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 1807 |  | 2 |
| 9905283046 | James Madison | 1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff |  | 3 |
| 9905283047 | James Monroe | 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine |  | 4 |
| 9905283048 | John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations" |  | 5 |
| 9905283049 | Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act | | 6 |
| 9905283050 | Martin Van Buren | 1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 1837 |  | 7 |
| 9905283051 | William Henry Harrison | 1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President |  | 8 |
| 9905283052 | John Tyler | 1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty |  | 9 |
| 9905283053 | James Polk | 1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War |  | 10 |
| 9905283054 | Zachary Taylor | 1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist |  | 11 |
| 9905283055 | Millard Fillmore | 1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 1850 |  | 12 |
| 9905283056 | Franklin Pierce | 1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase |  | 13 |
| 9905283057 | James Buchanan | 1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid |  | 14 |
| 9905283058 | Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation |  | 15 |
| 9905283059 | Andrew Johnson | 1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment |  | 16 |
| 9905283060 | Ulysses Grant | 1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 1873 |  | 17 |
| 9905283061 | Rutherford Hayes | 1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes |  | 18 |
| 9905283062 | James Garfield | 1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office |  | 19 |
| 9905283063 | Chester Arthur | 1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City |  | 20 |
| 9905283064 | Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike |  | 21 |
| 9905283065 | Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier |  | 22 |
| 9905283066 | William McKinley | 1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy |  | 23 |
| 9905283067 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy |  | 24 |
| 9905283068 | William Howard Taft | 1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded |  | 25 |
| 9905283069 | Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare |  | 26 |
| 9905283070 | Warren Harding | 1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition |  | 27 |
| 9905283071 | Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative |  | 28 |
| 9905283072 | Herbert Hoover | 1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff |  | 29 |
| 9905283073 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats" |  | 30 |
| 9905283074 | Harry Truman | 1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations |  | 31 |
| 9905283075 | Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex |  | 32 |
| 9905283076 | John Kennedy | 1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps |  | 33 |
| 9905283077 | Lyndon Johnson | 1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society |  | 34 |
| 9905283078 | Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate |  | 35 |
| 9905283079 | Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis |  | 36 |
| 9905283080 | Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords |  | 37 |
| 9905283081 | Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal |  | 38 |
| 9905283082 | George H. W. Bush | 1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War |  | 39 |
| 9905283083 | Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment |  | 40 |
| 9905283084 | George W. Bush | 2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind" |  | 41 |
| 9905283085 | Barack Obama | 2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act |  | 42 |
| 9905283086 | Donald Trump | 2017-? Republican "Make America Great Again" |  | 43 |
AMSCO AP US History Chapter 25 WWII Flashcards
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| 6429736839 | Good Neighbor policy | "a policy of good neighbor" towards other western nations; enacted because dollar diplomacy was no longer feasible and FDR wanted support from Latin America because of the European militaristic action | 0 | |
| 6429736840 | Pan-American conferences | first in Uruguay when US pledged to never again interfere with internal affairs of Latin America; second in Argentina when FDR pledged total support of Latin America | 1 | |
| 6429736841 | Soviet Union Recognized | FDR did so in 1933 to increase trade and boost the economy | 2 | |
| 6429736842 | Independence for Philippines | Tydings-DcDiffie act of 1934 provided total independence by 1946; an economic move by FDR | 3 | |
| 6429736843 | reciprocal trade agreements | the president may reduce US tariffs by 50% if nations did the same for the US; FDR passed the plan to increase international trade | 4 | |
| 6429736844 | Japan takes Manchuria | broke the Open Door Policy and the covenant of the League of Nations; established a puppet government through violence | 5 | |
| 6429736845 | Stimson Doctrine | passed by US and endorsed by the League; stated that US would not legitimize any government established by force (in response to Manchuria) | 6 | |
| 6429736846 | fascism | the idea that people should glorify their nation and their race through an aggressive show of force; dominant ideology in European dictatorships in the 1930's | 7 | |
| 6429736847 | Italian Fascist Party | attracted veterans, nationalists, and those fearful of communism; led by Benito Mussolini; 1922 | 8 | |
| 6429736848 | Benito Mussolini | leader of Italian Fascist Party | 9 | |
| 6429736849 | Ethiopia | 1935; invaded by Mussolini and his Italian troops as a show of Military power; led to a countering after 1 year | 10 | |
| 6429736850 | German Nazi party | a fascist party led by Adolf Hitler; popular with unemployed Germans | 11 | |
| 6429736851 | Adolf Hitler | leader of the Nazis; used bullying tactics and anti-anti-Semminism; rose to power in 1933 | 12 | |
| 6429736852 | Axis Powers | 1940; Japan, Italy, Germany | 13 | |
| 6429736853 | Spanish Civil War | viewed as an ideological between Fascism and Republicanism; 1936; Americans sympathized with the Loyalists by could not help because of Neutrality Acts | 14 | |
| 6429736854 | Francisco Franco | fascist leader in the Spanish Civil war and eventual dictator of Mexico | 15 | |
| 6429736855 | Rhineland | 1936; German area that must be permanently demilitarized per the Versailles Treaty; Hitler defied the treaty and had troops march in | 16 | |
| 6429736856 | Sudetenland | a strip of land in Czechoslovakia where most people spoke German; Hitler claimed a right to the land; a conference of Britain, France, and US allowed Hitler to take the land | 17 | |
| 6429736857 | Munich | synonymous with "appeasement" due to the conference that occurred there | 18 | |
| 6429736858 | appeasement | giving Hitler Sudetenland; Munich | 19 | |
| 6429736859 | Poland; blitzkrieg | 20 | ||
| 6429736860 | isolationism | the idea that US should strictly stay out of European affairs | 21 | |
| 6429736861 | Nye Committee | influenced isolationist legislation; led by Gerald Nye who stated US in WWI was mostly to help bankers and factories | 22 | |
| 6429736862 | Neutrality Acts | Authorized president to prohibit all arms shipments and forbid US citizens to travel on the ships of belligerent nations (1935); forbad the extension of loans to belligerents (1936); forbade shipment of arms to the Spanish civil war (1937) | 23 | |
| 6429736863 | America First Committee | formed to mobilize American public opinion against war | 24 | |
| 6429736864 | Charles Lindbergh | traveled the country warning against reengaging in Europe's troubles (America First Committee) | 25 | |
| 6429736865 | Quarantine Speech | tested public opinion of Isolationism by proposing that democracies work to "quarantine" the aggressors; overwhelmingly negative reaction | 26 | |
| 6429736866 | cash and carry | 27 | ||
| 6429736867 | Selective Training and Service Act (1940) | 1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service | 28 | |
| 6429736868 | destroyers-for-bases deal | Germany tried to take over Britain with u boat attacks; US gives Britain 50 old US destroyers | 29 | |
| 6429736869 | FDR, third term | promises not to go to war but totally does | 30 | |
| 6429736870 | Wendell Willkie | criticized the New Deal but agreed with the preparedness campain | 31 | |
| 6429736871 | Four Freedoms speech | A speech by FDR that outlined the four principles of freedom (speech, religion, from want, and from fear); helped inspire Americans into patriotism. | 32 | |
| 6429736872 | Atlantic Charter | 1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war | 33 | |
| 6429736873 | escort convoys | American ships accompanied British ships before officially entering the war | 34 | |
| 6429736874 | Pearl Harbor | Surprise attack by Japan on US navel base; spurred US into wartime motion | 35 | |
| 6429736875 | War Production Board | During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers; 30% of economy controlled by government; GDP rose 15% | 36 | |
| 6429736876 | Office of Price Administration | froze prices, wages, and rents to fight war time inflation | 37 | |
| 6429736877 | government spending, debt | spending reached new national debt of 250 billion dollars; 5 times WWI | 38 | |
| 6429736878 | role of large corporations | accounted fro 70% if wartime manufacturing | 39 | |
| 6429736879 | research and development | Government worked closely with private organizations to develop enemy defeating technology | 40 | |
| 6429736880 | Manhattan Project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II | 41 | |
| 6429736881 | Office of War Information | Organization that employed artists, writers and advertisers to shape public opinion concerning World War II; propaganda machine. | 42 | |
| 6429736882 | "the good war" | the unity of Americans behind the war's democratic ideals caused it to be remembered thus | 43 | |
| 6429736883 | wartime migration | north west for factories (blacks); military (mexicans and indians) | 44 | |
| 6429736884 | executive order on jobs | government formally saying you must hire blacks so that wartime goods can be manufactured | 45 | |
| 6429736885 | Smith v. Allwright | ruled that it is unconstitutional to deny membership in political parties to blacks | 46 | |
| 6429736886 | Braceros program | A program the Mexican and American government agreed to in which contract laborers would be admitted to the United States for a limited time working as migrant farm laborers and working factory jobs. | 47 | |
| 6429736887 | Japanese internment | Carried out through Executive Order 9066, which took many Japanese families away from their homes and into internment camp; Motivated by racism after Pearl Harbor bombing | 48 | |
| 6429736888 | Korematsu v. US | upheld the US policy to discriminate against Japanese Americans | 49 | |
| 6429736889 | "Rosie the Riveter" | A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories; became a rallying symbol for women to do their part. | 50 | |
| 6429736890 | wartime solidarity | governments attempt to band immigrants together to supper the US during the war; helped promote end of description against immigrants | 51 | |
| 6429736891 | election of 1944 | FDR won for the 4th time | 52 | |
| 6429736892 | Harry S. Truman | Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb | 53 | |
| 6429736893 | Battle of the Atlantic | forced Britain to begin bombing German cities; spurred US to help Britain; allies won | 54 | |
| 6429736894 | strategic bombing | a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do) | 55 | |
| 6429736895 | Dwight Eisenhower | general who led D-Day attacks | 56 | |
| 6429736896 | D-Day | Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944 | 57 | |
| 6429736897 | Holocaust | A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. | 58 | |
| 6429736898 | island-hopping | the American navy attacked islands held by the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean. The capture of each successive island from the Japanese brought the American navy closer to an invasion of Japan. | 59 | |
| 6429736899 | Battle of Midway | 1942 World War II naval battle between the United States and Japan, a turning point in the war in the Pacific | 60 | |
| 6429736900 | Douglas MacArther | led major battles against the Japanese in the pacific | 61 | |
| 6429736901 | kamikaze attacks | When Japanese pilots would deliberately crash their planes into American ships, killing themselves but also inflicting severe damage | 62 | |
| 6429736902 | J. Robert Oppenheimer | lead the Manhattan Project: the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear bomb. He was remembered as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb." | 63 | |
| 6429736903 | atomic bomb | a nuclear weapon in which enormous energy is released by nuclear fission (splitting the nuclei of a heavy element like uranium 235 or plutonium 239) | 64 | |
| 6429736904 | Hiroshima; Nagasaki | 250,000 Japanese deaths; led to Japanese surrender | 65 | |
| 6429736905 | Big Three | Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt | 66 | |
| 6429736906 | Casablanca Conference | Roosevelt and Churchill demanded unconditional surrender | 67 | |
| 6429736907 | unconditional surrender | an announcement by FDR with Churchill's endorsement that the war would end only with this. The conquered governments would be no longer, no compromise could be reached; people believe that this stiffened enemy resistance | 68 | |
| 6429736908 | Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam | when the big three met and agreed to liberate France and soviets would invade Germany | 69 | |
| 6429736909 | United Nations | The League vs. 2.0 | 70 | |
| 6429736910 | Civil Rights, "Double V" | campaign by civil rights leaders for blacks; victory over fascism abroad and equality at home | 71 |
AP US History, Chapter 35 Flashcards
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| 9545537801 | Yalta Conference | Meeting of Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin in February 1945 at an old tsarist resort on the Black Sea, where the Big Three leasers laid the foundations for the postwar division of power in Europe, including a divided Germany and territorial concessions to the Soviet Union. | 0 | |
| 9545537802 | Cold War | The forty-five year long diplomatic tension between the United States and the Soviet Union that divided much of the world in polarized camps, capitalist against communist. Most of the international conflicts during that particular period, particularly in the developing world, can be traced to the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. | 1 | |
| 9545537803 | Bretton Woods Conference | Meeting of western allies to establish a post war international economic order to avoid crises like the one that spawned WWII. Led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, designed to regulate currency levels and provide aid to underdeveloped countries. | 2 | |
| 9545537804 | United Nations | International body formed in 1945 to bring nations into dialogue in hoped of preventing further world wars. Much like the former League of Nations, the U.N. was more realistic in recognizing the authority of the Big Five powers in keeping peace in the world. Thus, it guaranteed veto power to all permanent members of its security council - Britain, China, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States. | 3 | |
| 9545537805 | Nuremberg War Crimes Trial | Highly publicized proceedings against former Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity in post war Germany. The trials led to several executions and long prison sentences. | 4 | |
| 9545537806 | Berlin Airlift | Year long mission of flying food and supplied to blockaded western Berliners, whom the Soviet Union cut off from access to the west in the first major crisis of the Cold War. | 5 | |
| 9545537807 | Containment Doctrine | America's strategy against the Soviet Union based on the ideas of George Kennan. The doctrine declared that the Soviet Union and communism were inherently expansionist and had to be stopped from spreading through both military and political pressure. Containment guided American foreign policy throughout most of the Cold War. | 6 | |
| 9545537808 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's universal pledge of support for any people fighting an communist or communist-inspired threat. Truman presented the doctrine to congress in 1947 in support of his request for $400 million to defend Greece and Turkey against Soviet-backed insurgencies. | 7 | |
| 9545537809 | Marshall Plan | Massive transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe, intended to bolster capitalist and democratic governments and prevent domestic communist groups from riding poverty and misery to power. The plan was first announced by secretary of state John Marshall at Harvard's commencement in June 1947. | 8 | |
| 9545537810 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | Military alliance of Western European powers and the United States and Canada established in 1949 to defend against the common threat of the Soviet Union, marking a giant stride forward for European unity and American internationalism. | 9 | |
| 9545537811 | National Security Council Memorandum Number 68 | National security council recommendation to quadruple defense spending and rapidly expand peacetime armed forces to address Cold War tension. It reflected a new militarization of American foreign policy, but the huge costs of rearmament were not expected to interfere with what seemed like the limitless possibilities of postwar prosperity. | 10 | |
| 9545537812 | Korean War | Fist "hot war" of the "Cold War." It began when the Soviet-backed North Koreans invaded South Koreans and UN forces, dominated by the United States, launched and counteroffensive. The war ended in a stalemate in 1953. | 11 | |
| 9545537813 | House Un-American Activities Committee | Investigative body established in 1938 to root out "subversion." Sough to expose communist influence in American government and society, in particular through the trial of Alger Hiss. | 12 | |
| 9545537814 | McCarthyism | A brand of vitriolic, fear-mongering anti-communism associated with the career of Senator Joseph McCarthy. In the early 1950s, Senator McCarthy used his position in Congress to baselessly accuse high-ranking government officials and other Americans of conspiracy with communism. The term named after him refers to the dangerous forces of unfairness and fear wrought by anticommunist propaganda. | 13 | |
| 9545537815 | Army-McCarthy hearing | Congressional hearing called by Senator Joseph McCarthy to accuse members of the army of communist ties. In this widely televised spectacle, McCarthy finally went too far for public approval. The hearings exposed the Senator's extremism and led to his eventual disgrace. | 14 | |
| 9545537816 | Executive Order 9981 | Order issued by President Truman to desegregate the armed forces. The president's action resulted from a combination of pressure from civil rights advocates, election-year political calculations, and the new geopolitical context of the Cold War. | 15 | |
| 9545537817 | Taft-Hartley Act | Republican promoted antiunion legislation passed over President Truman's vigorous veto that weakened many of labor's New Deal gains by banning the closed shop and other strategies that helped unions organize. It also required union leaders to take a noncommunist oath, which purged the union movement of many of its most committed and active organizers. | 16 | |
| 9545537818 | Operation Dixie | Failed effort by the CIO after WWII to unionize southern workers, especially in the textile factory. | 17 | |
| 9545537819 | Employment Act of 1946 | Legislation declaring that the government's economic policy should aim to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power, as well as to keep inflation low. This general commitment was much shorter on specific targets and rules that it's liberal creators had wished. The act created the Council of Economic Advisers to provide the president with data and recommendations to make economic policy. | 18 | |
| 9545537820 | GI Bill | Known officially as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act and more informally known as the GI Bill of Rights, this law helped returning WWII soldiers reintegrate into civilian life by securing loans to buy homes and farms and set up small businesses. It also made tuition and stipends available for them to attend college as well as job training programs. The act was intended to cushion the blow of 15 million returning servicemen to the employment market and to nurture the postwar economy. | 19 | |
| 9545537821 | Fair Deal | President Truman's extensive social program introduced in his 1949 message to Congress. Republican and Southern Democrats kept much of his vision from being enacted, except for raising the minimum wage, providing more public housing, and extending the old-age insurance to many more beneficiaries under the Social Security Act. | 20 | |
| 9545537822 | Sunbelt | The fifteen state crescent through the American South and Southwest that experienced terrific population and productivity expansion during WWII and particularly the decades after the war, eclipsing the old industrial Northeast ( the "Frostbelt"). | 21 | |
| 9545537823 | Levittown | Suburban communities with mass produced tract houses built in the New York and Philadelphia metropolitan areas in the 1950s by William Levitt and Sons. Typically inhabited by white middle-class people who fled the cities in search of homes for their growing families. | 22 | |
| 9545537824 | baby boom | Demographic explosion from births to returning soldiers and others who had put off starting families during the war. This large generation of new Americans forced the expansion of many generations of many institutions such as schools and universities. | 23 | |
| 9545537825 | Joseph Stalin | Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communists after 1924, and dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush opposition. | 24 | |
| 9545537826 | Jiang Jieshi | Leader of Chinese Nationalists, also known as Chang kai-shek. He was defeated by Mao Zedong's communist revolutionaries in 1949 and was forced to flee to the isalnd of Tawiwan, where, with the support of the United States, he became president of the Republic of China | 25 | |
| 9545537827 | George F. Kennan | American diplomat who wrote the "containment doctrine" in 1947, arguing that the Soviet Union was inherently expansionist and had to be stopped, via political and military force, from spreading throughout the world. | 26 | |
| 9545537828 | George C. Marshall | Former WW2 general who became Sec. of State under Truman. He was the originator of the concept of the plan that would provoke aid to reconstruct Western Europe. | 27 | |
| 9545537829 | Joseph McCarthy | Wisconsin Republican Senator who used his position in Congress to baselessly accuse high-ranking government officials and other Americans of conspiracy with communism. He claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but had no credible evidence. He took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential. Eventually discredited by Congress. | 28 | |
| 9545537830 | Reinhold Niebuhr | A liberal Protestant theologian whose teachings and writings aimed to relate Christian faith to the realities of modern politics. A socialist and pacifist as a young man, he came out of WW2 committed to the doctrine of the "just war" and the necessity of resisting dark forces of evil like Hitler and Stalin, while remaining outspoken in defense of progressive social causes. | 29 | |
| 9545537831 | Benjamin Spock | Pediatrician and author of The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, which instructed parents on modern child-rearing, replacing traditional means of passing along such knowledge. He is often said to have been the bible of the baby boomer generation. | 30 |
AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8151346416 | George Washington | 1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address | | 0 |
| 8151346417 | John Adams | 1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts | | 1 |
| 8151346418 | Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 1807 | | 2 |
| 8151346419 | James Madison | 1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff | | 3 |
| 8151346420 | James Monroe | 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine | | 4 |
| 8151346421 | John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations" | | 5 |
| 8151346422 | Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act | | 6 |
| 8151346423 | Martin Van Buren | 1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 1837 | | 7 |
| 8151346424 | William Henry Harrison | 1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President | | 8 |
| 8151346425 | John Tyler | 1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty | | 9 |
| 8151346426 | James Polk | 1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War | | 10 |
| 8151346427 | Zachary Taylor | 1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist | | 11 |
| 8151346428 | Millard Fillmore | 1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 1850 | | 12 |
| 8151346429 | Franklin Pierce | 1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase | | 13 |
| 8151346430 | James Buchanan | 1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid | | 14 |
| 8151346431 | Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation | | 15 |
| 8151346432 | Andrew Johnson | 1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment | | 16 |
| 8151346433 | Ulysses Grant | 1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 1873 | | 17 |
| 8151346434 | Rutherford Hayes | 1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes | | 18 |
| 8151346435 | James Garfield | 1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office | | 19 |
| 8151346436 | Chester Arthur | 1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City | | 20 |
| 8151346437 | Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike | | 21 |
| 8151346438 | Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier | | 22 |
| 8151346439 | William McKinley | 1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy | | 23 |
| 8151346440 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy | | 24 |
| 8151346441 | William Howard Taft | 1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded | | 25 |
| 8151346442 | Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare | | 26 |
| 8151346443 | Warren Harding | 1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition | | 27 |
| 8151346444 | Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative | | 28 |
| 8151346445 | Herbert Hoover | 1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff | | 29 |
| 8151346446 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats" | | 30 |
| 8151346447 | Harry Truman | 1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations | | 31 |
| 8151346448 | Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex | | 32 |
| 8151346449 | John Kennedy | 1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps | | 33 |
| 8151346450 | Lyndon Johnson | 1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society | | 34 |
| 8151346451 | Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate | | 35 |
| 8151346452 | Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis | | 36 |
| 8151346453 | Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords | | 37 |
| 8151346454 | Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal | | 38 |
| 8151346455 | George H. W. Bush | 1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War | | 39 |
| 8151346456 | Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment | | 40 |
| 8151346457 | George W. Bush | 2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind" | | 41 |
| 8151346458 | Barack Obama | 2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act | | 42 |
| 8151346459 | Donald Trump | 2017-? Republican "Make America Great Again" | | 43 |
AP US History - US Presidents Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8284086759 | George Washington | 1789-1797 Federalist Whiskey Rebellion; Judiciary Act; Farewell Address | | 0 |
| 8284086760 | John Adams | 1797-1801 Federalist XYZ Affair; Alien and Sedition Acts | | 1 |
| 8284086761 | Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 Democratic-Republican Marbury v. Madison; Louisiana Purchase; Embargo of 1807 | | 2 |
| 8284086762 | James Madison | 1809-1817 Democratic-Republican War of 1812; First Protective Tariff | | 3 |
| 8284086763 | James Monroe | 1817-1825 Democratic-Republican Missouri Compromise of 1820; Monroe Doctrine | | 4 |
| 8284086764 | John Quincy Adams | 1825-1829 Democratic-Republican "Corrupt Bargain"; "Tariff of Abominations" | | 5 |
| 8284086765 | Andrew Jackson | 1829-1837 Democrat Nullification Crisis; Bank War; Indian Removal Act | | 6 |
| 8284086766 | Martin Van Buren | 1837-1841 Democrat Trail of Tears; Specie Circular; Panic of 1837 | | 7 |
| 8284086767 | William Henry Harrison | 1841 Whig "Tippecanoe and Tyler too!"; First Whig President | | 8 |
| 8284086768 | John Tyler | 1841-1845 Whig "His Accidency"; Webster-Ashburton Treaty | | 9 |
| 8284086769 | James Polk | 1845-1849 Democrat Texas annexation; Mexican War | | 10 |
| 8284086770 | Zachary Taylor | 1849-1850 Whig Mexican War hero and staunch Unionist | | 11 |
| 8284086771 | Millard Fillmore | 1850-1853 Whig Compromise of 1850 | | 12 |
| 8284086772 | Franklin Pierce | 1853-1857 Democrat Kansas-Nebraska Act; Gadsden Purchase | | 13 |
| 8284086773 | James Buchanan | 1857-1861 Democrat Dred Scott decision; Harpers Ferry raid | | 14 |
| 8284086774 | Abraham Lincoln | 1861-1865 Republican Secession and Civil War; Emancipation Proclamation | | 15 |
| 8284086775 | Andrew Johnson | 1865-1869 Democrat 13th and 14th amendments; Radical Reconstruction; Impeachment | | 16 |
| 8284086776 | Ulysses Grant | 1869-1877 Republican 15th amendment; Panic of 1873 | | 17 |
| 8284086777 | Rutherford Hayes | 1877-1881 Republican Compromise of 1877; labor unions and strikes | | 18 |
| 8284086778 | James Garfield | 1881, Republican Brief resurgence of presidential authority; Increase in American naval power; Purge corruption in the Post Office | | 19 |
| 8284086779 | Chester Arthur | 1881-1885 Republican Standard Oil trust created Edison lights up New York City | | 20 |
| 8284086780 | Grover Cleveland | 1885-1889 (1st term), 1893-1897 (2nd term) Democrat Interstate Commerce Act; Dawes Act; Panic of 1893; Pullman Strike | | 21 |
| 8284086781 | Benjamin Harrison | 1889-1893 Republican Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Closure of the frontier | | 22 |
| 8284086782 | William McKinley | 1897-1901 Republican Spanish-American War; Open Door policy | | 23 |
| 8284086783 | Theodore Roosevelt | 1901-1909 Republican Progressivism; Square Deal; Big Stick Diplomacy | | 24 |
| 8284086784 | William Howard Taft | 1909-1913 Republican Dollar diplomacy NAACP founded | | 25 |
| 8284086785 | Woodrow Wilson | 1913-1921 Democrat WWI; League of Nations; 18th and 19th amendments; Segregation of federal offices; First Red Scare | | 26 |
| 8284086786 | Warren Harding | 1921-1923 Republican "Return to normalcy", return to isolationism; Tea Pot Dome scandal; Prohibition | | 27 |
| 8284086787 | Calvin Coolidge | 1923-1929 Republican Small-government (laissez-faire) conservative | | 28 |
| 8284086788 | Herbert Hoover | 1929-1933 Republican "American individualism"; Stock Market Crash; Dust Bowl; Hawley-Smoot Tariff | | 29 |
| 8284086789 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | 1933-1945 Democrat New Deal; WWII; Japanese Internment; "Fireside Chats" | | 30 |
| 8284086790 | Harry Truman | 1945-1953 Democrat A-bomb; Marshall Plan; Korean War; United Nations | | 31 |
| 8284086791 | Dwight Eisenhower | 1953-1961 Republican Brown v. Board of Education; Second Red Scare; Highway Act and suburbanization ("white flight"); Farewell Address warning of the military industrial complex | | 32 |
| 8284086792 | John Kennedy | 1961-1963 Democrat Camelot; Bay of Pigs; Cuban Missile Crisis; Space program; Peace Corps | | 33 |
| 8284086793 | Lyndon Johnson | 1963-1969 Democrat Civil and Voting Rights acts; Gulf of Tonkin Resolution; Great Society | | 34 |
| 8284086794 | Richard Nixon | 1969-1974 Republican Environmental Protection Act; China visit; Moon Landing; Watergate | | 35 |
| 8284086795 | Gerald Ford | 1974-1977 Republican Pardoning of Nixon; OPEC crisis | | 36 |
| 8284086796 | Jimmy Carter | 1977-1981 Democrat stagflation / energy crisis; Iran hostage crisis; Camp David Accords | | 37 |
| 8284086797 | Ronald Reagan | 1981-1989 Republican Conservative revolution; Iran-Contra scandal | | 38 |
| 8284086798 | George H. W. Bush | 1989-1993 Republican Persian Gulf War | | 39 |
| 8284086799 | Bill Clinton | 1993-2001 Democrat NAFTA; Lewinsky scandal and impreachment | | 40 |
| 8284086800 | George W. Bush | 2001-2008 Republican War on terrorism; Patriot Act; Tax cuts; "No Child Left Behind" | | 41 |
| 8284086801 | Barack Obama | 2008-2017 Democrat Affordable Care Act | | 42 |
| 8284086802 | Donald Trump | 2017-? Republican "Make America Great Again" | | 43 |
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