AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Macroeconomics: Unit 4 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5250375554Interest RateThe price, calculated as a percentage of the amount borrowed, charged by lenders to borrowers for the use of their savings for one year0
5250414263Savings and ____ spending are always equivalent for the economy as a wholeInvestment1
5250431425Budget surplusThe difference between tax revenue and government spending when tax revenue exceeds government spending -Positive budget balance2
5250433654Budget deficitThe difference between tax revenue and government spending when government spending exceeds tax revenue -Negative budget balance3
5250450335Budget balanceThe difference between tax revenue and government spending4
5250467729National SavingsThe sum of private savings and the budget balance, is the total amount of savings generated within the economy (Private savings= disposable income- consumption)5
5250489208Capital inflowThe total inflow of foreign funds minus the total outflow of domestic funds to other countries -The net effect of international inflows and outflows of funds6
5250515796WealthThe value of a household's accumulated savings7
5250519399Financial asset. What are the four types?A paper claim that entitles the buyer to future income from the seller Types: -loans -stocks -bonds -loan-backed securities8
5250539133Physical assetA claim on a tangible object that gives the owner the right to dispose of the object as he or she wishes9
5250543055LiabilityA requirement to pay more in the future10
5250560969What are the three tasks of a financial system?-Reducing transaction costs -Reducing financial risk -Providing Liquidity11
5250587673Transaction costsThe expenses of negotiating and executing a deal12
5250589597Reducing financial riskUncertainty about future outcomes that involve financial losses and gains13
5250593100Liquid assetCan be quickly converted into cash without much loss of value Ex: stocks Illiquid: Business, car, home14
5250656939DiversificationInvesting in several different things so that the possible losses are independent events15
5250691269LoanA lending agreement between an individual lender and an individual borrower16
5250694851BondAn IOU issued by the buyer Owner= asset Issuer=liability17
5250696704StockA share in the ownership of a company Owner= asset Company=Liability18
5250698566Loan-backed securityAsset created by pooling individual loans and selling shares in that pool19
5250719796DefaultOccurs when a borrower fails to make payments as specified by the loan or bond contract20
5250760269Bank depositA claim on a bank that obliges the bank to give the depositor his or her cash when demanded Depositor= asset Bank= liability21
5309506596Store of valueA means of holding purchasing power over time22
5309514012Unit of accountA measure used to set prices and make economic calcuations23
5250885165What controls the money supply, and how?The Federal Reserve controls the money supply by changing interest rates and the reserve ratio24
5250892538Fractional-Reserve BankingBanks accept deposits, make loans and investments, and hold reserves that are equivalent to a fraction of their deposit liabilities25
5250901664Describe the relationship between the reserve ratio and the money supplyInverse26
5250904091What does the money multiplier equal?1/Reserve Ratio (1/rr)27
5261745804What is the money supply set by? What does the money supply control?The MS is set by the Federal Reserve (central bank). It controls the interest rates28
5261755696Central bankAn institution that oversees and regulates the banking system and controls the monetary base29
5261759284Federal Reserve: What is it? When was it created? How many districts? What does it consist of?The central bank of the United States. It was created in 1913 in response to banking crises. It serves each of the 12 Federal Reserve districts. Consists of the Board of Governors in Washington D.C.30
5261787019By 1933, banks had been separated into two categories. What are these categories?Commercial: accepts deposits and is covered by deposit insurance Investment: trades in financial assets and is not covered by deposit insurance31
5261791890Subprime lendingCaused the 2008 housing bubble due to securitization32
5261800130What are the 4 functions of the Federal Reserve system?-Provide financial services -Supervise and regulate banking institutions -Maintain the stability of the financial system -Conduct monetary policy33
5261809055Reserve requirementsRules set by the Federal Reserve that determine the minimum reserve ratio for a bank34
5261816067Federal funds marketAllows banks that fall short of the reserve requirement to borrow funds from banks with excess reserves35
5261827674Federal funds rate/ discount rateThe interest rate determined in the federal funds market36
5261834609Open-market operationsA purchase or sale of government debt by the Fed.37
5281678396Describe M1 and M2-M1 is the narrowest definition of money. It contains only currency in circulation (also known as cash), traveler's checks, and checkable bank deposits. -M2 starts with M1 and adds several other kinds of assets, often referred to as near-moneys- financial assets that aren't directly usable as a medium of exchange but can be readily converted into cash or checkable bank deposits. Ex: Savings accounts, time deposits, money market funds38
5281670482Suppose you transfer $500 from your checkings account to your savings account. With this transaction, M1 _____ and M2 ______.M1 decreases M2 does not change39
5275113547What is the definition of money? What are some examples that could be defined as money?Any asset that can easily be used to purchase goods and services. Money consists of cash itself, and any other assets that are highly liquid. Ex: Debit cards, checks, currency in circulation, checkable bank deposits, traveler's checks40
5275139310The medium-of-exchange function means that money is used:---> to pay for goods and services Medium-of-exchange: an asset that individuals acquire from the purpose of trading for goods and services rather than for their own consumption.41
5281865158What is the approximate present value of $1,000 realized 2 years from now if the interest rate is 4%?$924.5642
5281933599If the interest rate is 2%, the amount received one year from now as a result of lending $100 today is$102.0043
5281938729If the interest rate is 3%, the present value of $1 paid to you one year from now is:$0.9744
5275162652Which of the following would be the initial effect of an individual making a $10,000 cash deposit in the bank? How would this affect the money supply?The money supply would not be affected by the deposit. > The $10,000 is in circulation already before it is deposited.45
5275253852First National Bank has $80 million in checkable deposits, $15 million in deposits with the Federal Reserve, $5 million cash in the bank vault and $5 million in government bonds. If the minimum reserve ratio is 20%, how much is the bank required to keep in reserves?Required to keep $16 million Excess reserves available for the bank to lend: $4 million46
5275256997suppose your grandma sends you 100 dollars for your birthday, and you deposit the 100 in your checking, reserve ration is 10%, based on this the banks reserve increased by _____ and money will grow by _____90:90047
5275260293The Federal Reserve System is the _____ for the United States.Central bank48
5275264047How long is the term for each governor on the Federal Reserve Board?14 years49
5275268260What is the Federal Reserve's most important function?Maintain the stability of the financial system50
5282192783Suppose the Federal Reserve were to engage in open-market operations by buying $100 million of U.S. treasury bills. Which of the following would be the end result of such an action?The money supply would increase by $100 million >When the Fed buys U.S. Treasury bills from a commercial bank, it pays by crediting the bank's reserve account by an amount equal to the value of the Treasury bills. It will increase the monetary base by $100 million because it increases bank reserves by $100 million. It is more than $100 million due to the money multiplier.51
5282284037(Don't have to know) When the Fed decreases bank's reserves through an open-market operation, what happens in regard to the monetary base, the amount of deposits, multiplier, and money supply?The monetary base decreases, loans decrease, and the money supply decreases.52
5282370087When a bank borrows from the Federal Reserve, it pays what in return?Discount Rate > The interest rate the Fed charges on loans to banks through the discount window.53
5282446467What are the 3 tools the Federal Reserve can use to change the money supply?Reserve requirements, discount rates, and open market operations54
5282455672How would the Fed increase and decrease the money supply using reserve requirements?The Fed. would decrease the reserve requirement to increase the money supply, and increase the reserve requirement to decrease the money supply.55
5282465018How would the Fed increase and decrease the money supply using discount rates?The Fed. would decrease the discount rate to increase the money supply, and increase the discount rate to decrease the money supply56
5282482830How would the Fed increase and decrease the money supply using open market operations?The Fed would buy bonds to increase the money supply, and sell bonds to decrease the money supply57
5282396592If a checking account has an interest rate of 1% and a government Treasury bill has an interest rate of 3%, the opportunity cost of holding cash in your wallet is:3%58
5282399845The demand for money is negatively related to _______ and positively related to ________the interest rate; the real GDP (Quantity of money)59
5282403549An increase in the demand for money would result from a(n) __________ in the price levelincrease60
5282562755The graph below shows the market for loanable funds in equilibrium. Name a scenario that might produce a new equilibrium interest rate of 8% and a new equilibrium quantity of loanable funds of $150.Businesses become more optimistic about the return on investment spending61
5282630680The Chair of the Federal Reserve testifies before Congress that he/she expects the health of the economy to significantly improve in coming months.Demand will increase62
5282645152Households fear an imminent recession and begin to cut back on discretionary purchases.Demand will decrease63
5282645153The Federal government announces another annual budget surplus.Demand decreases (or supply increases)64
5282650241The flow of foreign financial capital into American financial markets begins to decrease.Supply decreases65
5282653404Congress uses expansionary fiscal policy but does not change the tax rates.supply decreases66
5282757714Crowding OutWhen a government deficit drives up the interest rate and leads to reduced investment spending and consumption67
5309271304Money is anything that: A. serves as a medium of exchange for goods and services. B. can be converted into silver with relatively little loss in value. C. can be converted into gold with relatively little loss in value. D. that is traded in the stock market. E. serves as a financial asset.A.68
5309299852Which of the following assets is an example of money? A. a $20 bill in your pocket B. a valuable work of art C. a baseball signed by a famous player D. shares of stock in a profitable company E. a bond issued by the government.A.69
5309342463Suppose you transfer $500 from your savings account to your checking account. With this transaction, M1 _____ and M2_____. A. increased; decreased B. increased; stayed the same C. decreased; decreased D. stayed the same; decreased E. increased; increasedB.70
5309372150Which of the following is an asset that most people would consider money? A. your house B. your shares of stock in a company C. your checking account balance D. your car E. your retirement savings.C.71
5309378990Commodity-backed money is: A. a medium of exchange with no intrinsic value. B. equivalent to commodity money. C. a medium of exchange which has alternative economic uses. D. gold and silver coins used for exchange. E. equivalent to fiat money.A.72
53102338589. A decrease in the demand for money would result from: A. an increase in income. B. a decrease in real GDP. C. an increase in the price level. D. an increase in nominal GDP. E. an increase in the supply of money.B.73
5310627980If a checking account has an interest rate of 1% and a government Treasury bill has an interest rate of 2%, the opportunity cost of holding the checking account as money is: A. zero. B. 0.02%. C. 1%. D. 2%. E. 3%.C.74
5310662234Suppose that the economy enters a recession and real GDP falls. All else equal, we would expect: A. the money demand curve to shift inward. B. the money demand curve to shift outward. C. a downward movement along a fixed money demand curve. D. an upward movement along a fixed money demand curve. E. no impact on the money demand curve.A.75
5309666878Consider the information for First National Bank. If the minimum reserve ratio is 20%, how much is the bank required to keep in reserves? A. $20 million B. $16 million C. $25 million D. $10 million E. $40 millionB.76
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Psychology - Social Psychology Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

Terms : Hide Images
7142326368Social Psychologythe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.0
7142326369Attribution Theorythe theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition.1
7142326370Fundamental Attribution Errorthe tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition.2
7142326371Attitudefeelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.3
7142326372Central Route Persuasionattitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.4
7142326373Peripheral Route Persuasionattitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.5
7142326374Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenonthe tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.6
7142326375Rolea set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.7
7142326376Cognitive Dissonance Theorythe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes.8
7142326377Conformityadjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.9
7142326378Normative Social Influenceinfluence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.10
7142326379Informational Social Influenceinfluence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.11
7142326380Social Facilitationstronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.12
7142326381Social Loafingthe tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.13
7142326382Deindividuationthe loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.14
7142326383Group Polarizationthe enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.15
7142326384Groupthinkthe mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.16
7142326385Culturethe enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next17
7142326386Norman understood rule for accepted and expected behavior. They prescribe "proper" behavior.18
7142326387Personal Spacethe buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.19
7142326388Prejudicean unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.20
7142326389Stereotypea generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.21
7142326390Discrimination(Social) unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.22
7142326391Ingroup"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity.23
7142326392Outgroup"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup.24
7142326393Ingroup Biasthe tendency to favor our own group.25
7142326394Scapegoat Theorythe theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame.26
7142326395Other-Race Effectthe tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Also called the cross-race effect and the own-race bias27
7142326396Just-World Phenomenonthe tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.28
7142326397Aggressionphysical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.29
7142326398Frustration-Aggression Principlethe principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression.30
7142326399Mere Exposure Effectthe phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them.31
7142326400Passionate Lovean aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.32
7142326401Companionate Lovethe deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined.33
7142326402Equitya condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it.34
7142326403Self-Disclosurerevealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.35
7142326404Altruismunselfish regard for the welfare of others.36
7142326405Bystander Effectthe tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present.37
7142326406Social Exchange Theorythe theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs.38
7142326407Reciprocity Norman expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them.39
7142326408Social-Responsibility Norman expectation that people will help those dependent upon them.40
7142326409Conflicta perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas.41
7142326410Social Trapa situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior.42
7142326411Mirror-Image Perceptionsmutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive.43
7142326412Self Fulfilling Prophecya belief that leads to its own fulfillment44
7142326413Superordinate Goalsshared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.45
7142326414Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction (GRIT)Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.46
7142326415Diffusion of Responsibilityreduction in feelings of personal burden in the presence of others47
7142326416Ethnocentricismevaluation of other cultures according to the standards and customs of one's own culture48
7142326417ComplianceConforming to a request or demand49
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Biology Chapter 8 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5705709470autotrophorganisms that feed themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings0
5705720001heterotrophsorganisms that live on compounds produced by other organisms1
5705726044mesophyllthe tissue in the interior of a leaf2
5705733271stromathe dense fluid inside a chloroplast3
5705772163granum (pl grana)a stacked membranous structure within the chloroplasts of plants and green algae that contains the chlorophyll and is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis4
5705786318thylakoid membranethe third membrane system of a plant that creates sac-like structures that are stacked into grana5
5705800870stomatapores in leaves through which CO2 enters and O2 exits6
5705813381chlorophylla pigment in the chloroplasts of a leaf that absorbs light energy used for photosynthesis7
5705828961photophosphorylationthe attaching of phosphate molecules to another molecule using energy derived from light energy8
5705976997cyclic photophosphorylationphotophosphorylation where the materials used in the beginning of photophosphorylation are created by it9
5705837570carbon fixationthe initial incorporation of carbon from the air into organic compounds10
5705846389NADPan ion acceptor11
5705855237antioxidanta substance that inhibits oxidation, especially one used to counteract the deterioration of stored food products12
5705880249photosystems (I and II)a reaction-center complex surrounded by light-harvesting complexes where light energy is transferred to chemical energy13
5705890299electron acceptora molecule capable of being reduced and accepting electrons14
5705911847reaction centeran organized association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules15
5705921669photonnontangible particles of light that have a fixed quantity of energy16
5705931824ground statean atom's lowest state of energy where each electron is on the lowest energy level possible17
5705966773excited statean atom's state of energy where energy has been added and electrons occupy a higher energy level than normal18
5706033231photorespirationa respiratory process in many higher plants by which they take up oxygen in the light and give out some carbon dioxide, contrary to the general pattern of photosynthesis19
5706047845RuBisCOan enzyme present in plant chloroplasts, involved in fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide during photosynthesis and in oxygenation of the resulting compound during photorespiration20
5706055485G3Pthe 3-carbon carbohydrate directly produced by the Calvin Cycle21
57060691773-PGAthe first stable intermediate in glycolysis22
5706112515PEPa three-carbon compound that is the substrate for carbon dioxide fixation during photosynthesis in C 4 plants; an intermediate in glycolysis that is the precursor to pyruvate23
5706086249PEP carboxylasean enzyme responsible for the formation of the four-carbon compound oxaloacetate by catalyzing the binding of one molecule of carbon dioxide to the three-carbon compound PEP24
5706131645CAM plantplants whose stomatas open and close in reaction to light energy received in the daytime or nighttime; they open their stomata at night to take in CO2 and close them during the day to preserve water25
5706149901pigmentan organic compound that gives a characteristic color to plant or animal tissues and is involved in vital processes26
5706160665oxaloacetatea metabolic intermediate in the Krebs cycle 127
5706187184malatea metabolic intermediate in the Krebs cycle 228
Powered by Quizlet.com

APES-Chapter 8 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5786733157CoreThe innermost zone of earth made of molter iron and nickel.0
5786733798MantleThe 2nd innermost layer of the earth made of magma.1
5786734582Magmamolten rock.2
5786735070AsthenosphereLocated in the outer part of the mantle composed of semi-molten rock.3
5786735709LithosphereThe outermost layer of the earth, including the mantle and crust.4
5786736898CrustThe outermost layer of the lithosphere.5
5786739242Hot spotA place where molten material from under the earth reaches the lithosphere.6
5786743475Plate tectonicsThe theory the the lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion.7
5786745794SubductionThe process where one crustal plate passes under another.8
5786748537Divergent Plate boundaryAn area beneath the ocean where boundaries move away from each other.9
5786748846Seafloor spreadingThe formation of the new ocean crust as a result of magma pushing upward and outward the mantle.10
5786749257Convergent Plate BoundaryAn area where plates move toward one another and collide.11
5786749577Transform Fault BoundaryAn area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other.12
5786749578FaultA fracture in rock caused by a movement of Earth's crust.13
5786749775Seismic ActivityThe frequency and intensity of earthquakes experienced over time.14
5786750230Fault ZoneA large expense of rock where a fault has occurred.15
5786775437EarthquakeThe sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the sudden release of energy along a geologic fault.16
5786775438EpicenterThe exact point directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake.17
5786775924Richter ScaleMeasures the largest ground movement during an earthquake.18
5786785528Rock CycleInvolves the constant formation, alteration, and destruction of rock material that results from tectonic, weathering, and erosion.19
5786788479Physical WeatheringThe mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals.20
5786789399Chemical WeatheringThe breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions.21
5786791134ErosionThe physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape.22
5786794022Parent materialThe rock material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived.23
5786796008Soil DegradationThe loss of some or all of soil's ability to support plant growth.24
5786797454Soil HorizonThe horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture and color.25
5786822596Cation Exchange capacityThe chemical property of the soil that tells the ability of a soil to absorb and release cations.26
5786823267Base SaturationThe proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage.27
5786825608Crustal abundanceThe average concentration of an element in Earth's crust.28
5786826412OreA concentrated accumulation of minerals from which economically valuable materials can be extracted.29
5786827333ReserveThe known quantity of a resource that can be economically recovered.30
5786828483Strip MiningThe removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore.31
5786829621Open pit miningUses a large visible pit or hole in the ground32
5786830297Mountain top removalThe entire top of a mountain is removed with explosives.33
5786831089Placer MiningLooking for minerals, metals, and precious stones in river sediments.34
5786832854Subsurface miningMining technique used when the desired resource is more than 100 m (328 feet) below the surface of earth.35
5786835771Mining Law of 1872aka General Mining Act. Regulates mining of silver, copper, gold ores as well as fuels on federal lands. It also allowed individuals to recover ores from federal lands.36
5786841840The Surface Ming Control and Reclamation Act of 1977Mandates that land be minimally disturbed during the mining process and reclaimed after the mining is completed.37
Powered by Quizlet.com

APES- Chapter 9 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5786862567AquiferA permeable layer of rock and sediment that contains groundwater.0
5786863787Unconfined aquiferMade of porous rock covered by soil out of which water can easily flow.1
5786865416Confined aquiferSurrounded by a layer of impermeable rock or clay that impedes water flow.2
5786866198Water TableThe uppermost level at which the water in a given area saturates the rock and soil.3
5786871769Groundwater rechargeWhen water percolates through the soil and works its way into an aquifer.4
5786873602Cone of depressionAn area lacking groundwater due to rapid withdrawal by a well.5
5786875195Saltwater intrusionInfiltration of saltwater in an area where groundwater pressure has been reduced due to extensive drilling of wells.6
5786878849floodplainThe land adjacent to a river.7
5786879899DikeA structure built to prevent ocean water from flooding adjacent land.8
5786881508ReservoirThe water body created by a damming a river or stream.9
5786887430Fish ladderA stair like structure that allows migrating fish to get around a dam.10
5786888813AqueductA canal or ditch used to carry water from one location to another.11
5786890075DesalinationThe process of removing salt from salt water.12
5786891583DistillationA process of desalination in which water is boiled and the resulting steam is captured and condensed to yield pure water.13
5786894596Reverse osmosisA process of desalination in which water is forced through a thin semipermeable membrane at high pressure.14
5786897247Hydroponic agricultureCultivation of plants in greenhouse conditions by immersing roots in nutrient rich solution.15
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP French - Idiomatic Expressions Flashcards

Idiomatic Expressions for French 4 H

Terms : Hide Images
6156551834avoir lieuto take place0
6156551835avoir envie deto want1
6156551836avoir tortto be wrong2
6156551837avoir l'intention deto have the intention3
6156551838avoir du mal àto have difficulty4
6156551839avoir de la chanceto have luck5
6156551840avoir le mal de merto be seasick6
6156551841avoir mal au cœurto feel nauseous7
6156551842avoir confiance ento trust8
6156551843avoir l'habitudeto be used to9
6156551844avoir peur deto be afraid10
6156551845avoir raisonto be right11
6156551846avoir l'airto seem/look like12
6156551847avoir le tracto have stagefright13
6156551848avoir la tête qui tourneto be dizzy14
6156551849avoir mal à...to have a ... ache15
6156551850avoir un petit creuxto have a slight hunger16
6156551851faire la fêteto party17
6156551852faire la siesteto nap18
6156551853faire la vaisselleto do dishes19
6156551854faire le lingeto do laundry20
6156551855faire des bêtisesto misbehave21
6156551856faire de son mieuxto do your best22
6156551857faire le connaissance deto meet someone23
6156551858faire de la peine à qqnto bother/hurt someone24
6156551859faire du biento make feel good25
6156551860Fais voir!Let me see!26
6156551861faire la queueto wait in line27
6156551862faire suivreto forward28
6156551863faire le ménageto tidy/clean up29
6156551864faire (un pays)to visit a country30
6156551865faire des économiesto save money31
6156551866faire face àto face up to something32
6156551867faire la têteto sulk33
6156551868faire attention àto be careful34
6156551869faire du soucito worry35
6156551870être au courantto be up-to-date (with info)36
6156551871être en panneto be broken down37
6156551872être les bienvenuesto be welcome38
6156551873être à jourto be up-to-date (technology)39
6156551874être aux angesto be very happy (in heaven)40
6156551875être ravi deto be thrilled41
6156551876être en train deto be in the middle of42
6156551877prendre (un repas)to have a meal (name of meal)43
6156551878prendre des risquesto take risks44
6156551879prendre au sérieuxto take seriously45
6156551880prendre la peineto make the effort46
6156551881prendre sa retraiteto retire47
6156551882prendre l'habitudeto get used to48
6156551883prendre feuto catch on fire49
6156551884mettre la tableto set the table50
6156551885mettre en marcheto start up51
6156551886mettre à jourto update (technology)52
6156551887mettre au mondeto give birth to53
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Vocabulary Unit 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8530934235imprecationa curse0
8530934238non sequitursomething that does not follow logically1
8530935885sanguinecheerful; optimistic2
8530937808bowdlerizeto remove offensive passages of a play, novel, etc.3
8530940187impairto weaken; to cause to become worse4
8530941463panegyrican expression of praise5
8530942448quandarya puzzling situation; a dilemma6
8530943924ebulliententhusiastic7
8530945179deferencerespect; consideration8
8530947175nebuloushazy; vague; uncertain9
8530948488rakishdashingly stylish and confident10
8530949934elegya sad or mournful poem11
8530951967pedantictending to show off one's learning12
8530954074antipathyan intense dislike13
8530956242elucidateto make clear14
8530957631imminentlikely to happen; threatening15
8530960916banalcommon, ordinary16
8530965753obduratestubborn; hardhearted17
8530968167peruseto read carefully; to scrutinize18
8530969553bedlama noisy uproar; a scene of wild confusion19
8530971168affluencewealth; richness20
8530972415scurrilouscoarsely abusive; vulgar21
8530979096parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner22
8530982254seduloushard working; diligent23
8530986540onerousburdensome; heavy; hard to endure24
8530989050amorallacking a sense of right and wrong25
8530990700eschewto keep away from; to avoid; to shun26
8530992052fopan excessively fashion-conscious man27
8530993553vignettea short descriptive literary sketch28
8530994827denouementan outcome; result29
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Vocabulary List 7 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5624972035allayto make less severe or strong0
5624972036capaciousable to hold or contain a lot; large in capacity1
5624974543didacticdesigned or intended to teach people something2
5624974544diurnalactive mainly during the day3
5624977465ignominiouscausing disgrace or shame4
5624977466mitigateto make less harmful or painful5
5624980166palpitateto beat rapidly and strongly6
5624982444phlegmaticnot easily excited to action or display of emotion; apathetic; sluggish7
5624982445propitiouspresenting favorable conditions8
5624985989prostrateto lay flat, as on the ground9
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Biology: Immunity Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6734116351First Line of DefenseNonspecific barrier to keep out pathogens ex: skin, stomach acid, mucous, cilia0
6734116352Second Line of DefenseNonspecific defense and inflammatory response initiated by chemical signals to attack and isolate invading pathogens1
6734116353Inflammatory ResponseVasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature2
6734116354Histamineschemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area3
6734116355PhagocytesWhite blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages4
6734116356Specific immunityB and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response5
6734116357LymphocyteWhite blood cell6
6734116358B Cellsinvolved in Humoral response - produces plasma cells/antibodies7
6734116359T Cellslymphocytes in Cell-mediated response8
6734116360Helper T CellSet off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through -activates killers and B memory cells9
6734116361Cytotoxic (killer) T CellKills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells10
6734116362MacrophagesWBC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells11
6734116363Memory CellsResponsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection12
6734116364AntibodyY-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction13
6734116365AntigenIdentifying marker on the outside of a pathogen14
6734116366Passive ImmunityTemporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child15
6734116367HIVA retrovirus that attacks helper T cells16
6734116368Autoimmune diseaseA mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself17
6734116369AllergyHypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine18
6734116370bacteriophagesviruses that infect bacteria19
6734116371lytic cyclevirus cycle that causes cell to burst as new viruses burst out20
6734116372lysogenic cyclecycle whereby viral DNA is incorporated into host chromosome for a while before it is triggered to reproduce21
6734116373retrovirusesviruses with RNA as main molecule. Use reverse transcriptase to copy it into DNA.22
6734116374vaccinesharmless version of a pathogen is injected to stimulate the immune system to build defenses against the actual pathogen23
6734116375viroidscircular RNA that infects plants24
6734116376prioninfectious proteins that cause brain diseases in mammals25
6734116377capsidprotein coat of a virus26
6734116378mast cellscells that release histamine in the inflammatory response27
6734116379suppressor T cellsSPECIFIC T cell shuts down the killer Ts28
6734116380interferonsubstance a viral infected cell releases to block the reproduction of viruses29
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Environmental air Pollution Flashcards

Chapter 15

Terms : Hide Images
6360597443Air PollutionThe introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or microorganisms into atmosphere0
6360597444Natural sources of air pollutionvolcanoes, dust storms, forest fires, lightening, and plants1
6360597445Primary pollutantsPM, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, VOCs, lead2
6360597446Secondary pollutantsSulfuric acid, nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid, tropospheric ozone3
6360597447PMAny solid particles or liuid droplets that are small enough to stay suspended in air4
6360597448Sources of PMforest fire, combustion of coal, oil, ad diesel. Other construction that mobilize soil, soot, and dust5
6360597449Effects of PmCan get into respiratory system and aggrivate and damage it. The smaller the particulate the more harmful it is. Also reduces visibility and contributes to haze and smog6
6360597450Carbon monoxideComes from inomplete combustion of fuels. Gets into blood stream and impairs hemoglobins ability to carry oxygen and cells die7
6360597451Nitrogen OxidesFrom combustion in atmosphere. Irritates respiratory system and can aggravate asthma8
6360597452Sulfur dioxidefrom combustion of fuels containing sulfur like oil, gasoline, and coal. Respiratory irritant9
6360597453VOCsVarious natural molecules or formed by natural processes. Also produced by trees and shrubs in rural areas. Can cause cancer, immune system disorders, and blood disorders10
6360597454LeadLeaded gas and leaded paint, industrial processes. Can cause mental retardation, blindness and partial paralysis11
6360597455Sulfuric acidWhen SO2 reacts with atmosphere, component of acid rain12
6360597456Nitric AcidNitrogen oxide reacts with atmosphere and creates nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid13
6360597457Tropospheric ozoneWhen VOCs react with nitrogen oxides in atmosphere. Irritating to eyes nose and throat and weakens immune system. Part of photohemical smog14
6360597458Photochemical oxidantsFormed when sunlight acts upon Sulfur dioxide or Nitrogen oxides15
6360597459SmogMixture of oxidants and particulates16
6360597460Photochemical SmogVOCs and nitrogen oxides mix in sunlight and heat. Also known as brown smog or Los Angeles type Smog17
6360597461Sulfurous smogAlso known as gray smog or London-type smog. smog dominated by sulfur dioxide and sulfate compounds18
6360597462National Ambiant Air Quality StandardsSet limits on emmissions of common air pollutants. In 1990 it was amended to allow emissions trading where there was a maximum of SO2 emissions set and if factory goes below then they can sell pollution rights to another19
6360597463Ways to reduce air pollutionCatalytic converter, wet scrubber, and Electrostatic precipitation. However, they require use of more fuel so there is more CO2 emissions20
6360597464Catalytic ConverterReduces emissions of car exhaust by converting CO and NO emissions into non-toxic molecules21
6360597465Wet ScrubberDirty air enters and is sprayed with water vapor that traps the particulates of SO2 which is then mixed with crushed limestone and converted into sludge and taken to landfill22
6360597466Electrostatic precipitatorDirty air goes in and high voltage is applied to gas particles to make them charges. The charged particles are then attracted to electrons and collected and disposed of in landfill23
6360597467RadonRadioactive gas common in the decaying of uranium that is common in developed countries. Naturally present in certain rocks and soil and can leak into house. A carcinogen.24
6360597468AsbestosFibrous mineral which had been used for insulation, drywall, roofing, flooring, etc. No longer used but still present in old buildings. Can cause lung damage and mesothelioma25
6360597469FormaldehydeIt is a VOC found in new homes in wood panelings and carpets. It is a carcinogen26
6360597470CarpetingStyrene is a VOC present in new carpets, dust mites cause allergies, and bacteria from shoes can collect27
6360597471Sick building SynromeCaused by indoor air pollutants. Symptoms include diziness, nausea, headaches, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, and irritation of the skin, eyes, nose, and throat28
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!