| 7200678885 | Abstract | Refers to language that describes concepts rather than concrete images |  | 0 |
| 7200680399 | Ad hominem | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponents ideas, arising from or appealing to emotions rather than logic; from Latin meaning "against the man" |  | 1 |
| 7200681830 | Allusion | An indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, etc. |  | 2 |
| 7200684317 | Ambiguity | The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage |  | 3 |
| 7200685923 | Anastrophe | Transposition of normal word order |  | 4 |
| 7200687909 | Anecdote | A short account of an interesting event. |  | 5 |
| 7200689041 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. |  | 6 |
| 7200690064 | Assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. |  | 7 |
| 7200692008 | Assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof. |  | 8 |
| 7200693030 | Attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone. |  | 9 |
| 7200693997 | Audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. |  | 10 |
| 7200694815 | Authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge. |  | 11 |
| 7200696268 | Bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue |  | 12 |
| 7200697496 | Cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. |  | 13 |
| 7200699190 | Claim | An assertion usually supported by evidence. |  | 14 |
| 7200700947 | Cliché | An overused, common expression; an expression used so frequently it is no longer effective |  | 15 |
| 7200701918 | Close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. |  | 16 |
| 7200702898 | Colloquial/ism | An informal or conversational use of language. May include regional dialect |  | 17 |
| 7200704484 | Common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. |  | 18 |
| 7200706351 | Concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. |  | 19 |
| 7200707888 | Concrete | Words describing things that exist and can be experienced through the senses; abstractions are rendered understandable and specific through use of concrete examples |  | 20 |
| 7200709261 | Connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). |  | 21 |
| 7200711896 | Conundrum | A riddle whose answer is or involves a pun; may also be a paradox or problem. |  | 22 |
| 7200714847 | Context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. |  | 23 |
| 7200716376 | Counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. |  | 24 |
| 7200717661 | Deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. |  | 25 |
| 7200718626 | Denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. |  | 26 |
| 7200719551 | Dialect | The recreation of a regional spoken language, such as the southern dialect; a region-specific way of speaking. |  | 27 |
| 7200720318 | Diction | Word choice |  | 28 |
| 7200722053 | Dirimens Copulatio | mentioning a balancing or opposing fact to prevent the argument from becoming one-sided or unqualified (i.e. lending credence). |  | 29 |
| 7200724448 | Documentation | Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. |  | 30 |
| 7200725437 | Ellipsis | Indicated by a series of three periods, ellipses indicate that some material has been omitted from the original text. |  | 31 |
| 7200726663 | Ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos). Appeal in which the reputation, expertise, or other qualities of the speaker are utilized to earn trust. |  | 32 |
| 7200728626 | Euphemism | A more acceptable and usually more pleasant way to say something that may otherwise be inappropriate or uncomfortable. Often used to obscure the reality of a situation. |  | 33 |
| 7200730032 | Exposition | Background information presented in a literary work. |  | 34 |
| 7200732745 | Figurative language | The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect. |  | 35 |
| 7200735391 | Figure of speech | An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning. |  | 36 |
| 7200736146 | Hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis. |  | 37 |
| 7200737133 | Induction | Reasoning from specific to general. |  | 38 |
| 7200738360 | Inference | The conclusion one can draw from the presented details. |  | 39 |
| 7200739239 | Invective | A verbally abusive attack |  | 40 |
| 7200741975 | Irony | A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result. |  | 41 |
| 7200744988 | Jargon | A special language of a profession or group. The term "jargon" usually has a pejorative association with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders. |  | 42 |
| 7200746404 | Logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos). Writer or speaker tries to persuade audience with statistics, facts, and reasons. |  | 43 |
| 7200750146 | Narrator | The speaker in a literary work; not necessarily the author. |  | 44 |
| 7200751286 | Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. |  | 45 |
| 7200754086 | Oxymoron | A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. |  | 46 |
| 7200754700 | Paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true. |  | 47 |
| 7200756155 | Pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos). |  | 48 |
| 7200757507 | Persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing. |  | 49 |
| 7200758938 | Point of View | The method of narration in a literary work. |  | 50 |
| 7200761834 | Premise | major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.
a. Major premise: All mammals are warm-blooded.
b. Minor premise: All horses are mammals.
c. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism). |  | 51 |
| 7200764479 | Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. |  | 52 |
| 7203362680 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. |  | 53 |
| 7203369290 | Refute | To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument. |  | 54 |
| 7203370100 | Rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion." |  | 55 |
| 7203370956 | Rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. |  | 56 |
| 7203372347 | Rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer. |  | 57 |
| 7203372847 | Satire | An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it; a mode of writing based on ridicule that criticizes the foibles and follies of society without necessarily offering a solution. |  | 58 |
| 7203374184 | Source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. |  | 59 |
| 7203377407 | Speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing. |  | 60 |
| 7203384045 | Straw man | A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position misrepresenting then attacking an opponent's position. |  | 61 |
| 7203384734 | Style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. |  | 62 |
| 7203385128 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). |  | 63 |
| 7203385593 | Syntax | Sentence structure. |  | 64 |
| 7203385971 | Synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. |  | 65 |
| 7203386523 | Thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. |  | 66 |
| 7203387264 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. |  | 67 |
| 7203388222 | Trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. |  | 68 |
| 7203389269 | Voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. |  | 69 |
| 7203392276 | Apostrophe | A direct and explicit address either to an absent person or to an abstract or nonhuman entity. |  | 70 |
| 7203393027 | Metaphor | When a word or expression that in literal usage denotes one kind of thing is applied to a distinctly different kind of thing, without asserting a comparison. something "is" something else. |  | 71 |
| 7203394548 | Simile | When a comparison between two distinctly different things is explicitly indicated by the word "like" or "as." |  | 72 |
| 7203395035 | Alliteration | The repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. |  | 73 |
| 7203395250 | Anaphora | Is the repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech. |  | 74 |
| 7203395589 | Antithesis | A contrast or opposition in the meanings of contiguous phrases or clauses that manifest parallelism--that is, a similar word-order and structure--in their syntax. |  | 75 |
| 7203396375 | Personification | When either an abstract concept or an inanimate object is described as though it were endowed with life or with human attributes or feelings. |  | 76 |
| 7203397530 | Asyndeton | The elimination or leaving out of conjunctions. |  | 77 |
| 7203398113 | Syndeton | The addition of multiple conjunctions. |  | 78 |
