AP US History Semester #2 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 6650708384 | Plessy v. Ferguson | This 1896 Supreme Court Case declared segregation legal after Homer Plessy was arrested for sitting in the white section of the train. | 0 | |
| 6650708385 | Brown v. Board of Education | This 1954 Supreme Court case declared state laws segregating public schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. Much of the South did not immediately comply with the ruling. | 1 | |
| 6650708386 | Emmett Till | In 1955, this 14 year old boy from Chicago traveled to Mississippi (the South's most segregated state) and whistled at a white woman, causing her husband to murder him. His mother had an open casket funeral for him. SIGNIFICANCE: This was the spark of the Civil Rights Movement. | 2 | |
| 6650708387 | Rosa Parks | This African American woman and local Civil Rights leader was arrested, inspiring the Montgomery Bus Boycott. | 3 | |
| 6650708388 | SCLC (MLK) | The first president of this African American Civil Rights organization was MLK. Formed in 1957, this organization oversaw the Birmingham campaign, the March on Washington, and the Selma March. It's purpose is equality through non-violence, based on religion. They use tactics such as economic boycotts and marches. | 4 | |
| 6650708389 | SNCC (Stokely Carmichael) | This Civil Rights organization, formed in 1960, played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides, the March on Washington, and the Freedom Summer. It later focused on black power and protesting the Vietnam War. They were more confrontational than the SCLC. | 5 | |
| 6650708390 | NAACP (Thurgood Marshall) | This Civil Rights organization, formed in 1909 and led by Thurgood Marhsall, has the purpose of equality using the legal system. | 6 | |
| 6650708391 | Black Muslims (Malcolm X) | This Civil Rights leader was also a Muslim minister, after joining, and later leaving, the Nation of Islam. | 7 | |
| 6650708392 | Black Panthers | This Civil Rights organization, founded in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, had the purpose of fighting poverty in black neighborhoods and economic self-sufficiency. They used daycare centers and free breakfast programs, and preached armed revolt. | 8 | |
| 6650708393 | Little Rock Nine | Arkansas refused to comply with the brown v. Board of Education decision, prompting this 1957 event in which the NAACP asked nine African American volunteers to integrate a white highschool. When angry white mobs attempted to stop the students and the Governor of Arkansas (Faubus) refused to do anything about it, Eisenhower sent federal troops to ensure the orders would be obeyed. SIGNIFICANCE: The federal government would enforce the Brown ruling over the states. | 9 | |
| 6650708394 | Mississippi Freedom Summer | This 1964 campaign was an attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi. It was organized by the SNCC, and was very dangerous. 3 volunteers were murdered by the KKK with the help of the local police. SIGNIFICANCE: The case received nationwide attention, and the Voting Rights Act would be passed the next year. | 10 | |
| 6650708395 | Civil Rights Act of 1964 | This Act, inspired by the March on Washington, outlawed segregation in public facilities. It was protested by the South. | 11 | |
| 6650708396 | 24th Amendment | This 1964 Amendment eliminated poll taxes. | 12 | |
| 6650708397 | Vanderbilt | Robber baron-railroad. | 13 | |
| 6650708398 | Carnegie | This robber baron bought the patent for the Bessemer steel process, and pioneered vertical integration, or the control of all aspects of production. He gave most of his money away to libraries. Gospel of wealth. | 14 | |
| 6650708399 | Rockefeller | Robber baron-oil. | 15 | |
| 6650708400 | Morgan | Robber baron-banking. | 16 | |
| 6650708401 | Social Darwinism | This is the idea that those with the best skills became the wealthiest-survival of the fittest. J.P. Morgan and Vanderbilt. | 17 | |
| 6650708402 | Gospel of Wealth | This is the idea that wealth was not to be kept to oneself, but that it should be shared with the less fortunate. Carnegie and Rockefeller. | 18 | |
| 6650708403 | Laissez-faire | No government intervention. | 19 | |
| 6650708404 | Interstate Commerce Act | This 1887 Act, passed under Democrat Cleveland's first term, was the government's first attempt to regulate business. | 20 | |
| 6650708405 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | This 1890 Act, passed under Benjamin Harrison, banned monopolies. It was ineffective. | 21 | |
| 6650708406 | Populist Party | This political party wanted to NATIONALIZE the railroads, telegraph, and telephone, create a graduated INCOME TAX, supported free & unlimited coinage of SILVER, and for the federal government to prove LOANS to farmers. Farmers, no support from unions. | 22 | |
| 6650708407 | 16th Amendment | This Amendment established the income tax. | 23 | |
| 6650708408 | 17th Amendment | This Amendment established direct election of senators. | 24 | |
| 6650708409 | 18th Amendment | This Amendment established Prohibition. | 25 | |
| 6650708410 | 19th Amendment | This Amendment guaranteed voting rights to women. | 26 | |
| 6650708411 | Reasons for rise of unions | Veterans from WW1 were unhappy, prohibition, the woman's suffrage movement, and the Great Depression. | 27 | |
| 6650708412 | Palmer raids | Red scare, Department of Justice captured, arrested, and deported radical leftists. | 28 | |
| 6650708413 | Scopes Trial | Victory for progressives-monkey trial. | 29 | |
| 6650708414 | Warren G. Harding | Republican, 1921-23 Teapot Dome Scandal, bribery with oil companies. | 30 | |
| 6650708415 | Ellis Island | Old immigrants mostly came here, few deportations. | 31 | |
| 6650708416 | Angel Island | New immigrants (Asians) mostly came here, lots of deportations. | 32 | |
| 6650708417 | Hull House | Jane Addams made this, assimilation of immigrants. | 33 | |
| 6650708418 | Chinese Exclusion Act | First restriction on immigration. | 34 | |
| 6650708419 | Quota system | Restricted new immigration, kept nationalities same as 1800s. | 35 | |
| 6650708420 | Causes of the Great Depression | The specific economic events that took place during the Great Depression have been studied thoroughly: a deflation in asset and commodity prices, dramatic drops in demand and credit, and disruption of trade, ultimately resulting in widespread unemployment and hence poverty. However, historians lack consensus in determining the causal relationship between various events and the government economic policy in causing or ameliorating the Depression. | 36 | |
| 6650708421 | Herbert Hoover | Rugged individualism-each individual should help himself, no government intervention, Bonus Army Incident-popularity for Roosevelt, Hoovervilles-blamed Depression on him, Reconstruction Finance Corporation-financial support to banks, railroads, and businesses. | 37 | |
| 6650708422 | Franklin Roosevelt | New Deal, fireside chats, court-packing scheme-less popularity | 38 | |
| 6650708423 | Dust Bowl | Grapes of Wrath-John Steinbeck | 39 | |
| 6650708424 | CCC | Young men had unskilled labor jobs related to conservation. | 40 | |
| 6650708425 | WPA | Largest New Deal agency, public works projects including writing and art. | 41 | |
| 6650708426 | AAA | Farm things, paying farmers for not planting crops. | 42 | |
| 6650708427 | TVA | Socialist, navigation, floor control, electricity, etc. | 43 | |
| 6650708428 | FDIC | Regulated the stock market. | 44 | |
| 6650708429 | SSA | Second new deal, retirement and unemployed mothers and such. | 45 | |
| 6650708430 | Annexation of Hawaii | U.S. viewed this state as an extension of its coastline. 1887-U.S. opened Pearl Harbor naval base. Sugar was profitable & to avoid tariffs the U.S. wanted to annex Hawaii. Queen Liliuokalani blocked U.S. annexation. Pres. Cleveland, an anti-imperialist, rejected the annexation in 1893. Most Hawaiians did not want to be annexed. 1898 - when McKinley became president, Hawaii was annexed without Hawaiians voting on annexation | 46 | |
| 6650708431 | Spanish-American War causes | yellow journalism | 47 | |
| 6650708432 | Roosevelt Corollary | Asserted the right to exercise "police powers" in the Western Hemisphere | 48 | |
| 6650708433 | Woodrow Wilson | moral diplomacy, WWI president | 49 | |
| 6650708434 | Henry Cabot Lodge | Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, he was a leader in the fight against participation in the League of Nations | 50 | |
| 6650708435 | Harry Truman | Marshall Plan, Truman Doctrine, Korean War, Douglas MacArthur, Containment policy, Berlin Airlift, NATO | 51 | |
| 6650708436 | Truman Doctrine | 1947 - Stated that the U.S. would support any nation threatened by Communism. Greece + Turkey. | 52 | |
| 6650708437 | Douglas MacArthur | This man had problems following orders. | 53 | |
| 6650708438 | Cash-and-carry policy | Policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them. | 54 | |
| 6650708439 | Bracero program | Wartime agreement between the United States and Mexico to import farm workers to meet a perceived manpower shortage; the agreement was in effect from 1941 to 1947. | 55 | |
| 6650708440 | Dwight Eisenhower | U-2 Incident, Nikita Khrushchev, Space Race | 56 | |
| 6650708441 | U-2 Incident | The incident when an American U-2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. denied the true purpose of the plane at first, but was forced to when the U.S.S.R. produced the living pilot and the largely intact plane to validate their claim of being spied on aerially. The incident worsened East-West relations during the Cold War and was a great embarrassment for the United States. | 57 | |
| 6650708442 | Warren Commission | Commission made by LBJ after killing of John F. Kennedy. (Point is to investigate if someone paid for the assassination of Kennedy.) Conclusion is that Oswald killed Kennedy on his own. Commissioner is Chief Justice Warren. | 58 | |
| 6650708443 | Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia. | 59 | |
| 6650708444 | Operation Rolling Thunder | Was the title of a gradual and sustained U.S. 2nd Air Division (later Seventh Air Force), U.S. Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) aerial bombardment campaign conducted against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 2 March 1965 until 1 November 1968, during the Vietnam War. | 60 | |
| 6650708445 | Ho Chi Minh | Ho Chi Minh Vietnamese nationalist and communist whose defeat of the French led to calls for American military intervention in Vietnam. | 61 | |
| 6650708446 | Vietcong | Communist guerrilla force that, with the support of the North Vietnamese Army, fought against South Vietnam (late 1950s-1975) and the United States (early 1960s-1973) | 62 | |
| 6650708447 | Great Society | President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education. | 63 | |
| 6650708448 | Pentagon Papers | Top-secret documents, published by The New York Times in 1971, that showed the blunders and deceptions that led the United States into the Vietnam War. | 64 | |
| 6650708449 | 26th Amendment | Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18. | 65 | |
| 6650708450 | Detente | Relaxation of tensions between the United States and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China. | 66 | |
| 6650708451 | Iran-Hostage Crisis | The 444 days in which American embassy workers were held captive by Iranian revolutionaries after young Muslim fundamentalists overthrew the oppressive regime of the American-backed shah, forcing him into exile. These revolutionaries triggered an energy crisis by cutting off Iranian oil. The crisis began when revolutionaries stormed the American embassy, demanding that the United States return the shah to Iran for trial. The episode was marked by botched diplomacy and failed rescue attempts by the Carter Administration. After permanently damaging relations between the two countries, the crisis ended with the hostage's release the day Ronald Reagan became president. | 67 | |
| 6650708452 | Iran-Contra Scandal | Scandal that erupted after the Reagan administration sold weapons to Iran in hopes of freeing American hostages in Lebanon; money from the arms sales was used to aid the Contras (anti-Communist insurgents) in Nicaragua, even though Congress had prohibited this assistance. Talk of Reagan's impeachment ended when presidential aides took the blame for the illegal activity. | 68 | |
| 6650708453 | George Kennan | Containment. | 69 | |
| 6650708454 | Robert McNamara | Cabinet officer who promoted "flexible response" but came to doubt the wisdom of the Vietnam War he had presided over. | 70 | |
| 6650708455 | Earl Warren | Controversial Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1953-1969); he led the Court in far-reaching racial, social, and political rulings, including school desegregation and protecting rights of persons accused of crimes; presided over the Brown v. the Board of Education case. | 71 | |
| 6650708456 | John Foster Dulles | Eisenhower's Sec. of State; harsh anti-Communist; called for more radical measures to roll back communism where it had already spread (containment too cautious). | 72 | |
| 6650708457 | Henry Kissinger | National Security Advisor and Secretary of State during the Nixon Administration, he was responsible for negotiating an end to the Yom Kippur War as well as the Treaty of Paris that led to a ceasefire in Vietnam in 1973. | 73 |
