| 8033754205 | The Bloody Shirt | The slogan was an election tactic where a party, usually the Republicans, would nominate an old military figure and/or keep reminding the nation of the Civil War. | | 0 |
| 8033754206 | Credit Mobilier | A joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes. | | 1 |
| 8033754207 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | | 2 |
| 8033754208 | Liberal Republicans | Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts. | | 3 |
| 8033754209 | "Crime of '73" | This occurred when Congress stopped the coinage of the silver dollars against the will of the farmers and westerners who wanted unlimited coinage of silver. With no silver coming into the federal government, no inflation resulted. Westerners from silver-mining states joined with debtors in demanding a return to the "Dollar of Our Daddies." This demand was essentially a call for inflation, which was halted by contraction (reduction of the greenbacks) and the Treasury's
accumulation of gold. | | 4 |
| 8033754210 | Greenback Labor Party | A political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress. | | 5 |
| 8033754211 | Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) | A fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War | | 6 |
| 8033754212 | "Stalwarts" | Republicans in the 1870s who supported Ulysses Grant and Roscoe Conkling; they accepted machine politics and the spoils system and were challenged by other Republicans called Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform. | | 7 |
| 8033754213 | "Half-Breeds" | During the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881), a moderate Republican party faction led by Senator James Blaine that favored some reforms of the civil service system and a restrained policy toward the defeated South. They were half loyal to Grant and half committed to reform the spoils system | | 8 |
| 8033754214 | Compromise of 1877 | An agreement that ended the disputed election of 1876 between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden; under its terms, the South accepted Hayes's election. In return, the North agreed to remove the last troops from the South, support southern railroads, and accept a southerner into the Cabinet. | | 9 |
| 8033754215 | Jim Crow | The system of racial segregation in the South that was created in the late nineteenth century following the end of slavery. Were written in the 1880s and 1890s mandated segregation in public facilities. | | 10 |
| 8033754216 | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | The Supreme Court case that upheld a Louisiana segregation law on the theory that as long as the accommodations between the racially segregated facilities were equal, the equal protection clause was not violated. The Court's ruling effectively established the constitutionality of racial segregation and the notion of "separate but equal." | | 11 |
| 8033754217 | Chinese Exclusion Act | United States federal law passed on May 6, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years. | | 12 |
| 8033754218 | Pendleton Act | Federal legislation which created a system in which federal employees were chosen on the basis of competitive examinations, therefore making merit, or ability, the reason for hiring people to fill federal positions | | 13 |
| 8033754219 | Mugwumps | A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their party's nominee. | | 14 |
| 8033754220 | "Billion-Dollar" Congress | Had access to approximately a $1 billion surplus in the Treasury. Passed the Pension Act of 1890, which provided pensions for all Union Civil War veterans who had served for 90 days and were no longer capable of manual labor. This policy solved the dilemma of the existing surplus and conveniently scored votes for the Republicans | | 15 |
| 8033754221 | McKinley Tariff | Raised tariffs to the highest level they had ever been. Big business favored these tariffs because they protected U.S. businesses from foreign competition. | | 16 |
| 8033754222 | Soft/cheap money | Paper money which is not connected to a treasury or gold supply, favored by debtors so their debts could be payed off for lose, when issued caused depreciation | | 17 |
| 8033754223 | Hard/sound money | Paper money backed by gold; extremely important during late 1860's and early 1870's (Panic of 1873). Creditors wanted disappearance of greenbacks | | 18 |
| 8033754224 | spoils system | Rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support | | 19 |
| 8033754225 | crop-lien system | System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans. | | 20 |
| 8033754226 | pork-barrel bills | When congress votes for an unnecessary building project so that a member can get more district popularity | | 21 |
| 8033754227 | Tweed Ring | he corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing. | | 22 |
| 8033754228 | Bland-Allison Act | Passed in 1878 over the veto of President Rutherford B. Hayes requiring the U.S. treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. The goal was to subsidize the silver industry in the Mountain states and inflate prices. | | 23 |
| 8033754229 | "redeemers" | White Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community | | 24 |
| 8033754230 | pools | An agreement to divide the business in a given area and share the profits | | 25 |
| 8033754231 | Robber Baron | Belief that rich tycoons made their money at the expense of the well-being of the public | | 26 |
| 8033754232 | stock watering | Practice of grossly over inflating the value of stock; mostly used in the RR industry | | 27 |
| 8033754233 | Wabash Case | Decision that individual states do not have the right to regulate Interstate commerce | | 28 |
| 8033754234 | Interstate Commerce Commission | Attempted to regulate the railroads. It had only mild success but served as the first time Washington tried to regulate business for the good of society | | 29 |
| 8033754235 | vertical integration | Controlling every aspect of production from beginning to end | | 30 |
| 8033754236 | horizontal integration | Allying with competitors to monopolize a given market | | 31 |
| 8033754237 | trust | Stockholders in various smaller oil companies sold their stock and authority to the board of directors of a larger company (Think Standard Oil) | | 32 |
| 8033754238 | Survival of the Fittest | Belief that companies can and should use any tactics necessary to succeed. | | 33 |
| 8033754239 | Sherman Antitrust Act | Established to help restrict monopolies, not really effective at first, used against unions | | 34 |
| 8033754240 | Knights of Labor | Established in the 1880s, major union of the decade, made up of unions of many industries and accepted unskilled workers | | 35 |
| 8033754241 | American Federation of Labor | National labor union formed by Samuel Gompers in 1886, made up of skilled workers | | 36 |
| 8033754242 | Haymarket Square Bombing | Demonstration by union workers where a bomb went off killing or injuries dozens. This event hurt the labor movement and the Knights of Labor | | 37 |
| 8033754243 | government subsidies | Subsidies are monies given by the government to businesses. The purpose is for the government to
encourage those businesses since they would benefit the entire nation. | | 38 |
| 8033754244 | transcontinental railroad | This was a railroad across the continent. The Union Pacific (from Omaha, NE) and Central Pacific (from Sacramento, CA) linked together at Promontory Point, Utah in May 1869 | | 39 |
| 8033754245 | yellow dog contracts | Agreements that employers forced workers to sign where workers pledged not join a union. | | 40 |
| 8033754246 | blacklists | Names that employers kept of union agitators and "trouble makers." This scared workers into inaction since once they were on the list, no company would hire them again. | | 41 |
| 8033754247 | new immigrants | Immigrants who came to the United States during and after the 1880s; most were from southern and eastern Europe. | | 42 |
| 8033754248 | settlement house | A community center that provided social services to the urban poor. | | 43 |
| 8033754249 | liberal Protestants | Those who believed that religion had to be adapted to science and that the Bible was to be mined for its ethical values rather than its literal meaning. | | 44 |
| 8033754250 | Tuskegee Institute | Booker T. Washington built this school to educate black students on learning how to support themselves and prosper | | 45 |
| 8033754251 | land-grant colleges | State educational institutions built with the benefit of federally donated lands | | 46 |
| 8033754252 | pragmatism | A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations. | | 47 |
| 8033754253 | yellow journalism | It exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | | 48 |
| 8033754254 | National American Woman Suffrage Association | A group formed by leading suffragist in the late 1800s to organize the women's right to vote movement. Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton. | | 49 |
| 8033754255 | Woman's Christian Temperance Union | One of the groups that was most involved in trying to bring about the end of alcohol sails and close down the business that made alcoholic beverages | | 50 |
| 8033754256 | realism | A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be | | 51 |
| 8033754257 | naturalism | An offshoot of realism, applied detached scientific objectivity to the study of human characters | | 52 |
| 8033754258 | regionalism | An element in literature that conveys a realistic portrayal of a specific geographical locale, using the locale and its influences as a major part of the plot | | 53 |
| 8033754259 | City Beautiful Movement | Architects and planners from this movement introduced beauty and imposed order in chaotic industrial cities | | 54 |
