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| 6635205891 | Synarthrosis | Imovable fixed joint | 0 | |
| 6635205892 | Amphiarthrosis | Little movement | 1 | |
| 6635205893 | Diarthrosis | Maximal/ lots of movement | 2 | |
| 6635205894 | Synchondrosis | Little movement bound by layer of cartilage | 3 | |
| 6635205895 | Calcitonin | Lowers level of calcium in the blood by inhibiting osteoclasts | 4 | |
| 6635205896 | Calciteiol | Builds bone | 5 |
| 8948530969 | Character | A heritable feature that varies among individuals |  | 0 |
| 8948530970 | Trait | Each variant for a character |  | 1 |
| 8948530971 | True-breeding | Over many generations, it had produced only the same variety as the parent |  | 2 |
| 8948530972 | Hybridization | Mating of two true-breeding parents |  | 3 |
| 8948530973 | Allele | Alternative versions of a gene |  | 4 |
| 8948530974 | Law of Segregation | States that the two alleles for a heritable character separate from each other during gamete formation and end up in different gametes |  | 5 |
| 8948530975 | Phenotype | An organisms appearance or observable traits |  | 6 |
| 8948530976 | Genotype | An organisms genetic makeup |  | 7 |
| 8948530977 | Testcross | Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote |  | 8 |
| 8948530978 | Monohybrid Cross | Cross of two heterozygotes(Rr) |  | 9 |
| 8948530979 | Dihybrid Cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits |  | 10 |
| 8948530980 | Law of Independent Assortment | States that each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other pair of alleles during gamete formation |  | 11 |
| 8948530981 | Multiplication Rule | States that to determine the probability, we multiple the probability of one event by the probability of the other event |  | 12 |
| 8948530982 | Addition Rule | States that the probability that any one of two or more mutually exclusive events will occur is calculated by adding their individual probabilities |  | 13 |
| 8948530983 | Complete dominance | The offspring always looked like one of the two parental variety because one allele in the pair showed __________ |  | 14 |
| 8948530984 | Incomplete dominance | Three or more potential varieties from crossing tow parents |  | 15 |
| 8948530985 | Co-dominance | Two alleles each affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways |  | 16 |
| 8948530986 | Pleiotropy | Most genes have multiple phenotypic effects called... |  | 17 |
| 8948530987 | Epistasis | the phenotypic expression of a gene a one locus alters that of a gene at a second locus |  | 18 |
| 8948530988 | Polygenic Inheritance | An additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character |  | 19 |
| 8948530989 | Carrier | Heterozygous person can transmit the recessive allele to their offspring without themselves having the trait |  | 20 |
| 8948543039 | crossing over | Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. | 0 | |
| 8948543040 | law of independent assortment | One of Mendel's principles that states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes | 1 | |
| 8948543041 | law of segregation | (genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes | 2 | |
| 8948543042 | random fertilization | source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm & egg combinations | 3 | |
| 8948543043 | heterozygous | An organism that has two different alleles for a trait | 4 | |
| 8948543044 | monohybrid cross | A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits | 5 | |
| 8948543045 | dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits | 6 | |
| 8948543046 | allele | An alternative form of a gene. | 7 | |
| 8948543047 | gene | A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA (or RNA, in some viruses). Codes for RNA, polypeptides, and proteins | 8 | |
| 8948543048 | synapsis | Pairing of homologous chromosomes. homologous chromosomes loosely pair up -align gene by gene -get together with homologous pair | 9 | |
| 8948543049 | dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype | 10 | |
| 8948543050 | recessive allele | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present | 11 | |
| 8948543051 | phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits. | 12 | |
| 8948543052 | genotype | An organism's genetic makeup (alleles for a particular gene) | 13 | |
| 8948543053 | test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype | 14 | |
| 8948543054 | rule of multiplication | A statistical rule stating that the probability of two independent events occurring together is the product of their individual probabilities. | 15 | |
| 8948543055 | rule of addition | A statistical rule stating that the probability of either of two independent (and mutually exclusive) events occurring is the sum of their individual probabilities minus the probability of them both occurring together. | 16 | |
| 8948543056 | complete dominance | A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over another | 17 | |
| 8948543057 | incomplete dominance | A type of inheritance in which two contrasting alleles contribute to the individual a trait not exactly like either parent; blending inheritance. | 18 | |
| 8948543058 | codominance | Both alleles are equally expressed | 19 | |
| 8948543059 | multiple alleles | three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait (but each individual only has 2) | 20 | |
| 8948543060 | pedigree | A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family | 21 | |
| 8948543061 | cystic fibrosis | an autosomal recessive disorder creating thick sticky mucus which is hard to expel | 22 | |
| 8948543062 | Tay-Sachs | A human genetic disease caused by a recessive allele for a dysfunctional enzyme, leading to accumulation of certain lipids in the brain. Seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance usually become manifest a few months after birth. | 23 | |
| 8948543063 | Sickle cell | A human genetic disease of red blood cells caused by the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein; creating sickle shaped red blood cells that collect in vessels causing pain and reduced gas exchange | 24 | |
| 8948543064 | lethal dominant allele | having a single dominant allele results in death | 25 | |
| 8948543065 | Huntington's disease | progressive hereditary disorder characterized by uncontrolled movements- changes in cortex & cerebellum | 26 | |
| 8948543066 | sex-linked genes | a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome | 27 | |
| 8948543067 | X chromosome | The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child. | 28 | |
| 8948543068 | Y chromosome | The sex chromosome found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child | 29 | |
| 8948543069 | Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue. | 30 | |
| 8948543070 | Hemophilia | A sex-linked hereditary disease where blood does not coagulate to stop bleeding | 31 | |
| 8948543071 | X-inactivation | a process by which one of the two copies of the X chromosome present in female mammals is randomly inactivated creating a Barr body | 32 | |
| 8948543072 | Barr Body | The inactivated X chromosome | 33 | |
| 8948543073 | Genetic recombination | the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents | 34 | |
| 8948543074 | linkage map | A genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes. | 35 | |
| 8948543075 | map unit | in chromosome mapping, an increment of 1 percent in the frequency of crossing-over | 36 | |
| 8948543076 | nondisjuction | Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate. | 37 | |
| 8948543077 | aneuploidy | A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number. | 38 | |
| 8948543078 | polyploidy | Condition in which an organism has extra full sets of chromosomes | 39 | |
| 8948543079 | trisomy | 3 copies of a chromosome | 40 | |
| 8948543080 | monsomy | Chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number | 41 | |
| 8948543081 | mutation | an event that changes the nucleotide sequence in a gene, creating a novel sequence which may have no function or a new function | 42 | |
| 8948543082 | point mutation | Gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides | 43 | |
| 8948543083 | deletion | (1) A deficiency in a chromosome resulting from the loss of a fragment through breakage. (2) A mutational loss of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene. | 44 | |
| 8948543084 | duplication | An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated. | 45 | |
| 8948543085 | inversion | (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed | 46 | |
| 8948543086 | translocation | Change to a chromosome in which a fragment of one chromosome attaches to a nonhomologous chromosome | 47 | |
| 8948543087 | frameshift | Mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide | 48 | |
| 8948543088 | Down Syndrome | A condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. | 49 | |
| 8948543089 | KlinefelterSyndrome | A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY. | 50 | |
| 8948543090 | Turner syndrome | a monosomic condition where a female has only 1 sex chromosome- the only known viable monosomy in humans | 51 | |
| 8948543091 | true breeding | If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that this organism bred true with respect to that characteristic. | 52 | |
| 8948543092 | linked genes | Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together. | 53 | |
| 8948543093 | carrier | A person whose genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. | 54 | |
| 8948543094 | G1 | First stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions. Cell is diploid. | 55 | |
| 8948543095 | G0 | Cell is performing its normal functions, but has left the cell cycle and is not dividing. Does not pass the G1 checkpoint | 56 | |
| 8948543096 | S phase | The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. | 57 | |
| 8948543097 | G2 | Last stage of interphase in which cell grows and performs its normal functions. Cell is diploid. | 58 | |
| 8948543098 | Interphase | Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases | 59 | |
| 8948543099 | Prophase | Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense, nuclear membrane disappears, nucleolus disappears, and spindle fibers begin to form. | 60 | |
| 8948543100 | Metaphase | Phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers help chromosomes line up on the midline of the cell. | 61 | |
| 8948543101 | Anaphase | Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. | 62 | |
| 8948543102 | Telophase | Phase of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil, a nuclear envelope returns around the chromatin, and a nucleolus becomes visible in each daughter cell" | 63 | |
| 8948543103 | cytokinesis | At the end of telophase, actin fibers form an equator around the cell and contract, separating the cytoplasm into two daughter cells. | 64 | |
| 8948543104 | centriole | A paired cluster of microtubules near the nucleus in animal cells. This organelle organizes spindle fibers during mitosis. | 65 | |
| 8948543105 | centromere | Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach to one another. Contains the kinetochore. | 66 | |
| 8948543106 | kinetochore | A specialized region on the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle. | 67 | |
| 8948543107 | spindle fibers | Made of microtubules that connect centrioles to kinetochores of chromosomes and that separate sister (mitosis) or homologous (meiosis) chromosomes during cell division | 68 | |
| 8948543108 | chromosome | A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins. |  | 69 |
| 8948543109 | chromatid | One of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome. | 70 | |
| 8948543110 | haploid | A cell with only one copy of each chromosome.gamete -contains a single set of chromosomes -n | 71 | |
| 8948543111 | diploid | A cell with two copies of each chromosome.has two sets of chromosomes -human # is 46 -2n | 72 | |
| 8948543112 | karyotype | Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs, arranged in order of decreasing size | 73 | |
| 8948543113 | cancer | Disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth; A disease in which the body cells grow & divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them. | 74 | |
| 8948543114 | metastisis | spread of cancer cells | 75 | |
| 8948543115 | genome | consists of all the DNA in a cell -holds specific genetic traits | 76 | |
| 8948543116 | somatic cells | have two sets of chromosomes -go through mitosis -nonreproductive body cells | 77 | |
| 8948543117 | gametes | have half as many chromosomes as somatic cells -go through meiosis -reproductive cells | 78 | |
| 8948543118 | metaphase plate | midway point between the spindles two poles -where chromosomes line up in metaphase | 79 | |
| 8948543119 | cleavage furrow | formed in eukaryotic cells during late telophase and cytokinesis | 80 | |
| 8948543120 | cell plate | forms in plant cells during cytokinesis | 81 | |
| 8948543121 | binary fission | prokaryotic method of reproduction and cell division -chromosome replicates and the two daughter chromosomes actively more apart | 82 | |
| 8948543122 | cell cycle control system | directs sequential event of the cell cycle -regulated by internal and external force -receives signals from the cytoplasm | 83 | |
| 8948543123 | checkpoints | where the cell cycle stops until a go ahead signal is received -G1 is the most important for many cells | 84 | |
| 8948543124 | growth factors | proteins released by certain cells that stimulate other cells to divide | 85 | |
| 8948543125 | density dependent inhibition | crowded cells stop dividing | 86 | |
| 8948543126 | tumors | masses of abnormal cells within otherwise normal tissue -formed by cancer cells | 87 | |
| 8948543127 | benign tumor | -lump of abnormal cells remaining only at the original site of the cancer | 88 | |
| 8948543128 | malignant tumor | invade surrounding tissue | 89 | |
| 8948543129 | metastasize | exporting cancer cells to other parts of the body, where they may form secondary tumors | 90 | |
| 8948543130 | 46 | What is the chromosome number for humans? | 91 | |
| 8948543131 | homologous chromosomes | 2 chromosomes in each pair -same length and shape -carry genes controlling the same inherited characters | 92 | |
| 8948543132 | fertilization | the union of gametes (sperm and egg) | 93 | |
| 8948543133 | zygote | fertilized egg -one set of chromosomes from each parent -diploid cell produces somatic cells by mitosis | 94 | |
| 8948543134 | prophase 1 | occupies more than 90% of the time required for meiosis -chromosomes condense -synapse and crossing over -tetrads and chiasmata | 95 | |
| 8948543135 | homozygous | An organism that has identical alleles for a trait | 96 | |
| 8948543136 | Genetics | study of how characteristics are passed from parent to offspring | 97 | |
| 8948543137 | Gregor Mendel | The "father of genetics" | 98 | |
| 8948543138 | heredity | the passing of characteristics from parents to offspring | 99 | |
| 8948543139 | trait | a genetically determined characteristic | 100 | |
| 8948543140 | molecular genetics | type of genetics that studies the genes & chromosomes of an organism | 101 | |
| 8948543141 | hybrid | another name for a heterozygous genotype | 102 | |
| 8948543142 | probabilty | the chance of some event happening | 103 | |
| 8948543143 | generation | a span of time between the birth of parents & the birth of their offspring | 104 | |
| 8948543144 | P (parent) generation | the generation of true-breeding plants | 105 | |
| 8948543145 | F1 generation | offspring of a cross between the P generation | 106 | |
| 8948543146 | F2 generation | offspring of a cross between the F1 generation | 107 | |
| 8948543147 | cell | basic unit of life | 108 | |
| 8948543148 | cell cycle | an ordered sequence of events that includes when a eukaryotic cell is first formed to until it divides into two cells | 109 | |
| 8948543149 | mitosis | the process by which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei | 110 | |
| 8948543150 | meiosis | the production of gamete cells | 111 | |
| 8948543151 | sister chromatid | the two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell | 112 | |
| 8948543152 | tetrad | a paired set of homologous chromosomes, each composed of two sister chromatids | 113 | |
| 8948543153 | punnett square | a tool used to solve probability problems | 114 | |
| 8948543154 | sex chromosome | a chromosome that determines whether on individual is a male or female | 115 | |
| 8948543155 | autosome | a chromosome not directly involved in determining the sex of an organism | 116 | |
| 8948543156 | sex influenced trait | a trait expressed in one sex but not the other | 117 | |
| 8948543157 | chromatin | the material of which the chromosomes of organisms other than bacteria (i.e., eukaryotes) are composed. It consists of protein, RNA, and DNA. | 118 | |
| 8948543158 | asexual | not involving the fusion of gametes. | 119 | |
| 8948543159 | sexual | the fusion of gametes | 120 | |
| 8948543160 | chiasmata | a point at which paired chromosomes remain in contact during the first metaphase of meiosis, and at which crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur between the strands. | 121 | |
| 8948543161 | centrosome | an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division. | 122 | |
| 8948543162 | cyclins | proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) enzymes. | 123 | |
| 8948543163 | syngamy | the fusion of two cells, or of their nuclei, in reproduction. | 124 | |
| 8948543164 | variation | a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits. | 125 | |
| 8948543165 | synaptonemal complex | a ladderlike series of parallel threads; adjacent to and coaxial with pairing chromosomes in meiosis. | 126 | |
| 8948543166 | 127 |
| 6827244047 | Phagocytosis | Cell eating | 0 | |
| 6827244048 | Pinocytosis | cell drinking | 1 | |
| 6827244049 | Diffusion | The process in which molecules tend to scatter throughout the available space | 2 | |
| 6827244050 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 3 | |
| 6827244051 | Filtration | Process by which water and solute are forced through a membrane by fluid pressure or hydrostatic pressure | 4 | |
| 6827244052 | Solvent | Water | 5 | |
| 6827351775 | intracellular fluid | Fluid within the cells | 6 | |
| 6827351776 | interstitial fluid | Fluid between the cells | 7 | |
| 6827351777 | Chromatin | The name for DNA when a cell is not dividing | 8 | |
| 6827351778 | The plasma membrane | Separates the interior environment of the cell from its external environment | 9 | |
| 6827351779 | DNA | Chromosome when not dividing | 10 | |
| 6827351780 | Microvilli | Increases a cells surface area | 11 | |
| 6827351781 | tight junctions | Are impermeable junctions holds cells together (small intestine) | 12 | |
| 6827351782 | Desmosomes | Prevents adjacent cells from being pulled apart (skin) | 13 | |
| 6827351783 | gap junctions | Allows communication between cells in a row(myocardial cells) | 14 | |
| 6827351784 | Genes | DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission. | 15 | |
| 6827351785 | Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during cell division | 16 | |
| 6827351786 | Telophase | Chromosomes disappearing | 17 | |
| 6827351787 | Anaphase | Chromosomes pulled to opposite poles | 18 | |
| 6827351788 | Metaphase | Chromosomes line up across equator | 19 | |
| 6827351789 | Prophase | Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms | 20 | |
| 6827351790 | Mitosis | Division of the nucleus and has 4 phases | 21 | |
| 6827351791 | cell division | Refers to the period in which the cell reproduces itsekf | 22 | |
| 6827351792 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | Is a more specific type of endocytosis | 23 | |
| 6827351793 | Transcription | DNA to RNA | 24 | |
| 6827351794 | ATP (Active Transport Process) | 25 |
| 5902091535 | Population | a localized group of individuals of the same species that can interbreed, producing fertile offspring | 0 | |
| 5902091536 | Community | all the organisms that inhabit a particular area; as assemblage of populations of different species living close enough together for potential interaction | 1 | |
| 5902091537 | Ecosystem | all the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact | 2 | |
| 5902091538 | Biotic | pertaining to the living organisms in the environment | 3 | |
| 5902091539 | Abiotic | nonliving; referring to physical and chemical properties of an environment | 4 | |
| 5902091540 | Biosphere | the entire portion of earth inhabited by life; the sum of all the planet's ecosystems | 5 | |
| 5902091541 | Niche | the sum of a species' use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment | 6 | |
| 5902091542 | Clumped Distribution | individual aggregated patches, some organisms group together where food is abundant | 7 | |
| 5902091543 | Uniform Distribution | evenly spaced, some organisms maintain evenly distributed spacing to avoid aggressive interactions between neighbors | 8 | |
| 5902091544 | Random Distribution | unpredictable spacing, some plants grow in random groups if their seeds were windblown across an area | 9 | |
| 5902091545 | Population Ecology | the study of populations in relation to their environment, including environmental influences on populations, on population density and distribution, age structure, and variations in population size | 10 | |
| 5902091546 | Birth Rate | rate of annual birth within a population | 11 | |
| 5902091547 | Death Rate | rate of annual death within a population | 12 | |
| 5902091548 | Sex Ratio | ratio of females to males within a population | 13 | |
| 5902091549 | Age Structure | the relative number of individuals of each age in a population | 14 | |
| 5902091550 | Immigration Rate | the rate of influx of new individuals INTO a population from other areas | 15 | |
| 5902091551 | Emigration Rate | the rate of movement of individuals OUT of a population | 16 | |
| 5902091552 | Carrying Capacity | the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, (symbolized by K) | 17 | |
| 5902091553 | Density Dependent | any characteristic that varies according to an increase in population density | 18 | |
| 5902091554 | Exponential Growth | growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, (represented by a J-Shaped curve when population size is plotted over time) | 19 | |
| 5902091555 | Logistical Growth | population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity | 20 | |
| 5902091556 | K-Selected | stabilize around carrying capacity, have fewer offspring later in life, mature later, live longer and invest more parental care | 21 | |
| 5902091557 | R-Selected | reside in unstable environment, have many offspring early in life, mature earlier, shorter life span, no parental care | 22 | |
| 5902091558 | Survivorship Curve | the plot of the proportion or numbers in a cohort still alive at each age | 23 | |
| 5902091559 | Type I Surivorship Curve | low death rates during early/middle life then increase among older age groups (humans) | 24 | |
| 5902091560 | Type II Surviorship Curve | constant death rate over the organism's life span | 25 | |
| 5902091561 | Type III Surviorship Curve | very high death rates for the young and then declines for those few individuals that survive the early period (insects) | 26 | |
| 5902091562 | Symbiosis | an ecological relationship between organisms of two different species that live together in direct and intimate contact | 27 | |
| 5902091563 | Commensalism | a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits but the other is neither helped nor harmed | 28 | |
| 5902091564 | Mutualism | a symbiotic relationship in which both participants benefit | 29 | |
| 5902091565 | Parasitism | a symbiotic relationship in which one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another (the host) by living either within or on its host | 30 | |
| 5902091566 | Intraspecific Competition | interactions between the same species competing for resources | 31 | |
| 5902091567 | Interspecific Competition | competition for resources between individuals of two or more species when resources are in short supply | 32 | |
| 5902091568 | Predation | an interaction between species in which one species (the predator) eats the other (the prey) | 33 | |
| 5902091569 | Aposematic Coloration | the bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defenses that acts as a warning to predators | 34 | |
| 5902091570 | Batesian Mimicry | a type of mimicry in which a harmless species look like a species that is poisonous or harmful to predators | 35 | |
| 5902091571 | Cryptic Coloration | camouflage that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background | 36 | |
| 5902091572 | Mullerian Mimicry | a mutual mimicry by two unpalatable species | 37 | |
| 5902091575 | Succession | the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time | 38 | |
| 5902091576 | Primary Succession | a type of ecological succession that occurs in an area where there were originally no organisms present and where soil has not yet formed | 39 | |
| 5902091577 | Secondary Succession | a type of succession that occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil or substance intact | 40 | |
| 5902091580 | Herbivore | an animal that eats mainly plants or algae | 41 | |
| 5902091581 | Carnivore | an animal that mainly eats other animals | 42 | |
| 5902091582 | Detritivore | a consumer that derives its energy and nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, and the wastes of living organism (a decomposer) | 43 | |
| 5902091583 | Food Chain | the pathway along which food energy is transferred from trophic level to trophic level, beginning with producers | 44 | |
| 5902091584 | Food Web | the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem | 45 | |
| 5902091585 | Trophic Levels | the positions organisms occupy in a food chain |  | 46 |
| 5902091586 | Secondary Consumer | a carnivore that eats herbivores | 47 | |
| 5902091587 | Primary Consumer | a herbivore; an organism that eats plants or other autotrophs | 48 | |
| 5902091588 | Biogeochemical Cycles | any of the various chemical cycles, which involve both biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems | 49 | |
| 5902091589 | Carbon Cycle | forming the framework of organic molecules, photosynthesis & cellular respiration circulate this nutrient | 50 | |
| 5902091590 | Phosphorus Cycle | cycling of this nutrient through geologic processes such as erosion and sedimentation | 51 | |
| 5902091591 | Nitrogen Cycle | this nutrient is converted to compounds that can be assimilated by plants then returned in gas form to the atmosphere; all processes rely on bacteria | 52 | |
| 5902091592 | Nitrogen Fixation | the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia | 53 | |
| 5902091593 | Denitrification | process where bacteria use nitrates in their metabolism instead of oxygen releasing nitrogen gas then into the atmosphere | 54 | |
| 5902091594 | Water Cycle | this nutrient cycle involves evaporation from the earth & transpiration from plants and falls then by precipitation back down to the earth to begin the cycle again | 55 | |
| 5902091595 | Age Structure Diagrams | a visual representation of the relative number of individuals of each age in a population | 56 | |
| 5902091596 | Competitive Exclusion Principle | the concept that when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited resources, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population | 57 | |
| 5902091599 | Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) | the total primary production of an ecosystem | 58 | |
| 5902091600 | Net Primary Productivity (NPP) | the gross primary production of an ecosystem minus the energy used by the producers for respiration | 59 | |
| 5902091601 | Keystone Species | a species that is not necessarily abundant in a community yet experts strong control on community structure by the nature of its ecological role or niche | 60 | |
| 5902091602 | Bottom-up Model | a model of community organization in which mineral nutrients influence community organization by controlling plant or phytoplankton numbers, which in turn control herbivores, which in turn control predator numbers | 61 | |
| 5902091603 | Top-down Model | a model of community organization in which predation influences community organization by controlling herbivore numbers, which in turn control plant or phytoplankton numbers, which in turn control nutrient levels; also called the trophic cascade model | 62 | |
| 5902091604 | Biological Magnification | a process in which retained substances become more concentrated at each high trophic level in a food chain | 63 | |
| 5902091605 | Decomposers | organisms that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic material such as corpses, fallen plant material, the wastes of living organisms and converts them into inorganic forms; a detritivore | 64 | |
| 5902091606 | Eutrophication | a process by which nutrients, particularly phosphorus and nitrogen, become highly concentrated in a body of water, leading to increased growth of organisms such as algae or cyanobacteria | 65 | |
| 5902091607 | Fundamental Niche | the niche potentially occupied by that species | 66 | |
| 5902091608 | Realized Niche | the portion of the fundamental niche that a species actually occupies in the environment | 67 | |
| 5902091609 | Invasive Species | a species often introduced by humans, that takes hold outside its native range | 68 | |
| 5902091610 | Altruism | behavior that increases fitness of another individual but decreases their own fitness | 69 | |
| 5902091611 | Kin selection | enhancing the reproductive success of one's relatives | 70 | |
| 5902091612 | Nitrification | ammonia is converted to nitrates and nitrites | 71 | |
| 5902091613 | Ammonification | decomposers convert organic nitrogen to ammonia | 72 | |
| 5902091614 | Classical conditioning | association between neutral stimulus and natural response (ex: dogs salivating to sound of bell ringing) | 73 | |
| 5902091615 | Operant conditioning | trial and error learning; making associations between behavior and a reward or punishment | 74 | |
| 5902091616 | Communication | tactile, visual, auditory and chemical means of relaying messages to other members of ones species | 75 | |
| 5902091618 | Kinesis | movement in response to a stimulus that is not directional | 76 | |
| 5902091619 | Fixed Action Pattern | a sequence of unlearned actions that are unchangable and often carried to completion | 77 | |
| 5902091620 | Density dependent factor | factor that affects population based on size (disease, predation etc) | 78 | |
| 5902091621 | Density independent factor | factor that affect population regardless of size (weather, humans etc) | 79 | |
| 5902091622 | Species diversity | variety of organisms in a community | 80 | |
| 5902091623 | Species richness | the number of different species in a community | 81 | |
| 5902091624 | Relative abundance | evenness of distribution of individuals among species in a community | 82 |
| 5421566732 | Narmer Palette | Pre-dynastic Form- relief sculpted, Greywacke, split into registers Function- palettes were generally flat, minimally decorated stone objects used for grinding and mixing minerals for cosmetics. Content- The lowest register on both sides include images of dead foes, while both uppermost registers display hybrid human-bull heads and the name of the king Context- Period of unification of kingdoms, the king and the sun |  | 0 |
| 5421570129 | Seated scribe | Old kingdom Form- Naturalistic for lower status, limestone/clay with red ochre; visual illusion with eyes; triangular theme (unique to Egyptian art) Function- display elite scribe Content-holding papyrus and stylus (lost); dressed in scribal attire (white skirt); cross-legged; obesity portrays elite lifestyle Context-transition from 4th to 5th dynasties in Egypt; in tomb of Saqqura |  | 1 |
| 5421577150 | Great Pyramids | Old kingdom Form-square pyramids, erosion wear; triangles=sun's rays; Interior=stacked bricks/Exterior=angled/polished for pyramid shape; boat pits; granite and limestone Function-burial place & display of pharoh's relationship to society and divinity; basically worship to the pharohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaura; funerary procession with boats Content-west of the Nile river (deceased, spiritual realm); causeways leading to other pyramids; mortuary temples Context-Three pyramids for Old/Middle/New Egypt kingdoms of Khufu/Khafre/Menkaura |  | 2 |
| 5421579408 | King Menkaure and Queen | Old kingdom Form- Graywacke Function- Ensure rebirth for the king in the Afterlife. Content- King Menkure and Queen stride foward with their left foot Context- Ancient Egypt old kingdom |  | 3 |
| 5421582836 | Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt | Old kingdom Form- Panted in relief in Mastaba, low relief on stone Function- funerary Content- Ti watching a hippo hunt Context-narrative |  | 4 |
| 5421585667 | Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall | New Kingdom Form- Rockcut building, narrow passages, sunken relief Function- largest religious complexes in the world, honor Amun-re Content- The main temple of Amun-Re had two axes—one that went north/south and the other that extended east/west, lions on front, gates called pylons Context- Thebes, metropolis of Egypt |  | 5 |
| 5421590658 | Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut | New kingdom Form- Semmut architecture, frontal, rectangular Function- Honor Hatshepsut as a pharaoh and goddess Content- Tons of statues of Hatshepsut, gardens Context- Ptomos II (Hatshepsut's husband) passed away, had to take over throne; Ptomos III attempted to eradicate Hatsheput's legacy, little remains of her rule, Deir al Bahri |  | 6 |
| 5421595091 | Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters Portrait of Nefertiti | Amarna period Form- Curvature, sunken relief, limestone, composite, hierarchy of scale, different artistic style Function- Family portrait, worship god Aten Content- Akhenaton and wife and three daughters Context- Amarna period, non-conventional era |  | 7 |
| 5421597980 | Tutankhamen's tomb and innermost coffin | New kingdom Form- Frontal, gold, three layers Function- funerary for King tut, worship, shows King's divine face in afterlife Content- Holds crook and flail, thick layer of anointed liquid, traditional Egyptian art, false beard Context-nine yr old ruler, ruled for 10 yrs. |  | 8 |
| 5421601807 | Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer | Post Amarna Form- Composite, drawn on papyrus, stylistic Function- narrate last judgment of a scribe Content- mix of art and hieroglyphs Context- 19th dynasty |  | 9 |
| 5421604766 | Pre-dynastic | 3000 BCE | 10 | |
| 5421605706 | Old kingdom | 3000 BCE | 11 | |
| 5421607973 | Middle kingdom | 2000 BCE | 12 | |
| 5421608880 | New kingdom | 160 BCE | 13 | |
| 5421610072 | Amarna period | 1350 BCE | 14 |
| 9352859012 | DNA Replication | process by which DNA molecule is copied; DNA synthesis (S stage of interphase) |  | 0 |
| 9352859013 | Transformation | a change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by bacteria |  | 1 |
| 9352859014 | Bacteriophages | Viruses that infect bacteria Bacteria eaters |  | 2 |
| 9352859015 | Virus | infects a cell and takes over the cell's metabolic machinery |  | 3 |
| 9352859016 | Hershey and Chase | Concluded that viral DNA entered bacterial host cells, but viral proteins did not, so DNA fis the genetic material |  | 4 |
| 9352859017 | Chargaff's Law | the base compostion of DNA varies between species and for each species, the percentages of A and T bases are roughly equal to the percentages of the G and C bases | 5 | |
| 9352859018 | Rosalind Franklin | X-ray crystallographer that discovered the double helix of DNA |  | 6 |
| 9352859019 | Watson and Crick | discovered the structural double helix model of DNA | 7 | |
| 9352859020 | Double helix | two twisted strands |  | 8 |
| 9352859021 | Antiparallel | subunits run in opposite directions |  | 9 |
| 9352859022 | Nitrogenous bases of Dna | A, T, C, G |  | 10 |
| 9352859023 | Purines | A and G Nitrogenous bases with two organic rings |  | 11 |
| 9352859024 | Pyrimidines | C and T Nitrogenous base with a single organic ring |  | 12 |
| 9352859025 | Semiconservative Model | the two strands of the parental molecule separate and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand- most common |  | 13 |
| 9352859026 | Origins of Replication | short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides |  | 14 |
| 9352859027 | Replication Fork | a Y shaped region where the parental strands of DNA are being unwound |  | 15 |
| 9352859028 | Helicases | enzymes that untwist the double helix at the replication forks, separating the two parental strands and make them available as template strands |  | 16 |
| 9352859029 | Topoisomerase | The untwisting of double helix causes tighter twisting and strain ahead of replication fork Relieve this strain by breaking swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands |  | 17 |
| 9352859030 | Leading strand | Strand that continuously adds nucleotides to the new complementary strand as the fork progresses | | 18 |
| 9352859031 | Lagging Strand | The strand that DNA polymerase works away from the replication fork; Synthesized discontinuosly as a series of segments | | 19 |
| 9352859032 | Okazaki fragments | Series of segments that are 1000-2000 nucleotides long |  | 20 |
| 9352859033 | DNA Ligase | joins the sugar phosphate backbones of all the Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand |  | 21 |
| 9352859034 | DNA polymerase | Synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to a pre-existing DNA strand |  | 22 |
| 9352859035 | Mismatch repair | Other enzymes remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides that have resulted from replication errors | 23 | |
| 9352859036 | Nuclease | DNA cutting enzyme that cuts out the damaged parts of the strand and fills the space with nucleotides using the undamaged strand as a template |  | 24 |
| 9352859037 | Nucleotide excision repair | DNA repair system where teams of enzymes detect and repair the DNA, the nuclease cuts out the damaged DNA and removes it, fills in the missing nucleotides and the DNA ligase seals the free end of the new DNA to the old DNA making the strand complete |  | 25 |
| 9352859038 | Telomeres | Special nucleotide sequences at the ends of chromosomes TTAGGG is repeated between 100-1000 times Prevent the staggered ends of daughter molecule from activitating cell's system for monitoring DNA damage |  | 26 |
| 9352859039 | Histones | Proteins that are responsible for the first level of DNA packing in chromatin |  | 27 |
| 9352859040 | Nucleosome | the basic unit of DNA packing |  | 28 |
| 9352859041 | Chromatin | complex of DNA and protein |  | 29 |
| 9352859042 | plasmid | small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium |  | 30 |
| 9352859043 | Avery, McCarty, McLeod experiment | Protein- and RNA-degrading enzymes had little effect on transformation, but enzymes that degrade DNA eliminated the transforming activity. |  | 31 |
| 9352859045 | complementary |  | 32 | |
| 9352859044 | retrovirus | RNA virus; uses reverse transcriptase enzyme to produce DNA from its RNA genome | 33 | |
| 9352859046 | nucleotide |  | 34 |
AP Psychology terms taken from the Princeton Review study book. Chapter 8 - States of Consciousness
| 5650871544 | Circadian Rhythm | A pattern or cycle followed by our bodies which follows day and night and is typically 24 hours long (sleeping during the night). | 0 | |
| 5650871545 | Free-running Rhythm | Occurs when all time cues (sunlight, clocks, TV, etc) are removed; it goes from 24 to about a 25 hour rhythm. | 1 | |
| 5650871546 | Beta Waves | These waves occur when fully awake and focused. | 2 | |
| 5650871547 | Alpha Waves | These waves occur while still awake but relaxed. | 3 | |
| 5650871548 | Theta Waves | These waves occur while drifting off to sleep. | 4 | |
| 5650871549 | Sleep Spindles | A pattern of waves which are occasionally broken up by K complexes; exist in stage 2 sleep. | 5 | |
| 5650871550 | Delta Waves | Deep sleep waves which occur in stages 3 and 4. | 6 | |
| 5650871551 | REM | Rapid Eye Movement. This is the last stage of sleep, where the eyes start to move vigorously. This stage has the most vivid dreams. Brain waves in this stage are mostly theta and beta. Since the brain waves are almost as if we are awake, it is also called paradoxical sleep. | 7 | |
| 5650871552 | REM Rebound | William Dement studied the effects of REM deprivation. He found that REM periods increased dramatically immediately following deprivation. This phenomenon is called ______, and it shows we need to REM sleep. | 8 | |
| 5650871553 | Insomnia | A lack of sleep, such as the inability to fall asleep or the inability to maintain sleep. Stress, alcohol, or stimulants like caffeine can cause insomnia. | 9 | |
| 5650871554 | Narcolepsy | The inability to stay awake. A sufferer has irresistible urges to sleep throughout the day. When they fall asleep, however, it is only for a few minutes, and it is almost all REM sleep. | 10 | |
| 5650871555 | Sleep Apnea | When a person repeatedly stops breathing while sleeping. This can occur hundreds of times in a night, which leaves the person exhausted during the day. It is related to obesity and alcohol consumption. | 11 | |
| 5650871556 | Somnambulism | Occurs when an individual walks around and sometimes talks while sleeping. It is not simply acting out dreams; it occurs during stage 3 and 4 sleep. Also known as sleepwalking. | 12 | |
| 5650871557 | Manifest Content | Storyline and imagery of the dream, is related to unconscious processes. | 13 | |
| 5650871558 | Latent Content | Emotional significance or underlying meaning of a dream. | 14 | |
| 5650871559 | Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis | This says that dreams are the result of our awareness of neural activity caused by sensory input while we are sleeping. | 15 | |
| 5650871560 | Problem-Solving Theory | Says that dreams provide a chance for the mind to work out issues in the real world. | 16 | |
| 5650871561 | Nightmare | An elaborate dream sequence that produces a high level of anxiety or fear. They may experience a sense of danger to himself or loved ones, or a strong sense of embarrassment for doing something. These are vivid and can often be elaborately described upon awakening, and they occur during REM sleep. | 17 | |
| 5650871562 | Night Terrors | Occur in deep, NREM sleep states, involving behaviors such as screaming, crying, and jerking/lunging movements while asleep. This behavior can overlap with somnambulism. | 18 | |
| 5650871563 | Hypnosis | An altered state of consciousness where a person is very relaxed and open to suggestion. They can be manipulated, can recall certain things they couldn't normally, and has no memory of the hypnosis upon returning to normal. | 19 | |
| 5650871564 | Hidden Observer | Hilgard's theory of hypnosis that says that hypnosis divides or dissociates the mind into two parts. One obeys the hypnotist, while the other (the "________________") silently observes everything. | 20 | |
| 5650871565 | Posthypnotic Suggestions | Instructions given to people when they are hypnotized to be followed after they wake. | 21 | |
| 5650871566 | Alcohol | A depressant, decreases dopamine levels. It induces dizziness, slurred speech, impaired judgment, and at high doses can result in death. | 22 | |
| 5650871567 | Barbiturates | Depressants, inhibit neural arousal centers. they depress the central nervous system activity by decreasing anxiety and increase relaxation, also impairs memory and judgement. In high doses can result in death and can be very addictive when mixed other depressants like alcohol. E.g. Seconal, Nebutal | 23 | |
| 5650871568 | Tranquilizers | Depressants, inhibit neural arousal centers. They reduce anxiety without inducing sleep. E.g. Xanax, Valium, Librium. | 24 | |
| 5650871569 | Caffeine | Stimulant, accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels, reduces levels of adenosine (a neurochemical regulator of norepinephrine), and can lead to irritability, anxiety, or insomnia. | 25 | |
| 5650871570 | Amphetamines | Stimulants, increase body temperature and heart rate, increase dopamine and norepinephrine production. They can be addictive, and they produce feelings of euphoria, but at high doses they can lead to motor dysfunction. E.g. Diet pills, Ritalin | 26 | |
| 5650871571 | Cocaine | Stimulant, stimulates heart rate and blood pressure, increasing dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine release as well. From the coca plant. Users feel like they have increased mental and social ability, and it can be highly addictive. Between 1896-1905 Coke Cola had cocaine in it. | 27 | |
| 5650871572 | Nicotine | A stimulant, stimulates acetylcholine transmission and increases heart rate. It has depressant behavioral effects like decreased appetite but also increases heart rate and respiration. Can sometimes cause euphoria and dizziness. | 28 | |
| 5650871573 | Narcotics | Stimulants, stimulate receptors for endogenous endorphins, inducing relaxation and euphoria and can relieve pain. May cause impaired cognitive ability, sweating, nausea, and respiratory depression. Highly addictive, only available by prescription or illegally. E.g. Heroin | 29 | |
| 5650871574 | Hallucinogens | Distort sensory perceptions, may increase serotonin levels. May induce sensory synesthesia, where stimuli from one sense produce sensory effects in other senses. Sometimes, these perceptual alterations are unpleasant or terrifying, and this state can be accompanied by paranoia. E.g. LSD and marijuana. | 30 | |
| 5650871575 | Dependence | When a person continues using a drug despite negative consequences in order to avoid unpleasant feelings of not taking it—they are in a sense avoiding symptoms of withdrawal. (Has replaced "addiction") | 31 | |
| 5650871576 | Tolerance | Occurs when increasingly larger doses of a drug are needed for the same effect to occur. It is possible for this to occur without dependence. | 32 | |
| 5650871577 | Withdrawal | The process of weaning off using a drug after dependence—it often involves very unpleasant physical/psychological symptoms. | 33 | |
| 5650871578 | Conciousness | A person's awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment. | 34 | |
| 5650871579 | Altered State | The state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness. | 35 | |
| 5650871580 | Circadian Rhythm | Your biological clock. Regular body rhythms, for example temperature and wakefulness that occurs over a 24 hour period. | 36 | |
| 5650871581 | Microsleeps | Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds. | 37 | |
| 5650871582 | Restorative Theory | The theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage. | 38 | |
| 5650871583 | Alpha Waves | Brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep. | 39 | |
| 5650871584 | Rapid Eye Movement | A stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream. | 40 | |
| 5650871585 | Night terrors | A relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully. | 41 | |
| 5650871586 | Paradoxical Sleep | Also known as REM sleep because there is a high level of brain activity. | 42 | |
| 5650871587 | Insomnia | The inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep. | 43 | |
| 5650871588 | Sleep Apnea | A disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more. | 44 | |
| 5650871589 | Nacrolepsy | A sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning. | 45 | |
| 5650871590 | Hypnosis | The state of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion. | 46 | |
| 5650871591 | Tolerance | When more and more of the drug is needed to achieve the same effect. | 47 | |
| 5650871592 | Withdrawal | The physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems. | 48 | |
| 5650871593 | Psychological Dependence | The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being. | 49 | |
| 5650871594 | Stimulants | Drugs that increase(excites) the functioning of the nervous system. Speeds up. ex: caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy, methamphetamine. | 50 | |
| 5650871595 | Depressants | Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system. | 51 | |
| 5650871596 | Narcotics | A class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins. | 52 | |
| 5650871597 | Psychogenic Drugs | Drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication. | 53 | |
| 5650888218 | Hypnotic induction | When the hypnotist invites you to relax and "Your eyelids are shutting so tight that you......" this may leads to hypnosis | 54 | |
| 5650923057 | dissociation | a split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. | 55 | |
| 5650986855 | sleep paralysis | You are essentially paralyzed. You can not be easily awaken. | 56 | |
| 5651001615 | suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) | a pair of grain of rice sized, 10,000 cell clusters in the hypothalamus. Function: by causing the brain's pineal gland to decrease its production of the sleep inducing hormone melatonin in the morning and increase it in the evening. | 57 | |
| 5651033586 | Benefits of sleep | protection, recuperates(restore and repair brain tissue), restores & rebuilds fading memories, feeds creative thinking and supports growth. | 58 | |
| 5651063468 | Sleep deprivation causes | increase in ghrelin(hunger arousal hormone), decreases leptin(hunger suppressing hormone), obesity, suppress immune system, slower reaction time, increase in high BP, increase in arthritis, diminished memory. | 59 | |
| 5651474285 | addiction | compulsive craving of drugs or certain behaviors (gambling) despite known adverse consequences. Addictions can be powerful and one may need therapy or group support like AA(Alcoholics Anonymous) | 60 | |
| 5651506754 | disinhibitor | May slow brain activity that controls judgement and inhibitions. example: alcohol. | 61 | |
| 5651570362 | opiates | opium and its derivatives such as morphine, and heroin; they depress the neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. | 62 |
| 7232055669 | abdominal/celiac | stomach, liver, and intestines | 0 | |
| 7232057142 | acromial | shoulder | 1 | |
| 7232059188 | antebrachial | forearm | 2 | |
| 7232059593 | brachial | arm | 3 | |
| 7232060289 | buccal | cheek | 4 | |
| 7232061930 | carpal | wrist | 5 | |
| 7232062841 | cephalic | head | 6 | |
| 7232063217 | cervical | neck | 7 | |
| 7232064681 | costal | ribs | 8 | |
| 7232064682 | digital | thumbs | 9 | |
| 7232065181 | dorsal | back | 10 | |
| 7232066084 | femoral | thigh | 11 | |
| 7232066573 | frontal | forehead | 12 | |
| 7232067354 | genital | reproductive organs | 13 | |
| 7232068334 | gluteal | buttocks | 14 | |
| 7232069354 | inguinal | groin | 15 | |
| 7232069952 | lumbar | lower back | 16 | |
| 7232070762 | mammary | breast | 17 | |
| 7232071302 | nasal | nose | 18 | |
| 7232071303 | occipital | brain | 19 | |
| 7232071930 | oral | mouth | 20 | |
| 7232073128 | orbital | eye | 21 | |
| 7232073613 | otic | ear | 22 | |
| 7232073614 | palmar | palm of hand | 23 | |
| 7232074706 | pectoral | chest | 24 | |
| 7232074707 | pedal | ankle | 25 | |
| 7232075242 | pelvic/Coxal | hip bones | 26 | |
| 7232075837 | plantar | heel | 27 | |
| 7232076427 | popliteal | back of knee | 28 | |
| 7232077521 | sacral | sacrum, bottom of spine | 29 | |
| 7232078028 | sternal | sternum | 30 | |
| 7232078543 | umbilical | belly button | 31 |
| 6157160356 | Lo bello | Everything beautiful | 0 | |
| 6157160357 | El arte | Art | 1 | |
| 6157160358 | El dibujo | Drawing | 2 | |
| 6157160359 | La pintura | Painting | 3 | |
| 6157160360 | La musíca | Music | 4 | |
| 6157160361 | La literatura | Literature | 5 | |
| 6157160362 | La poesía | Poetry | 6 | |
| 6157160363 | La arquitectura | Architecture | 7 | |
| 6157160364 | La escultura | Sculpture | 8 | |
| 6157160365 | El baile | Dance | 9 | |
| 6157160366 | El teatro | Theater | 10 | |
| 6157160367 | Las joyas | Jewels | 11 | |
| 6157160368 | La naturaleza | Nature | 12 | |
| 6157160369 | Los fenómenos naturales | Natural phenomenon | 13 | |
| 6157160370 | El espacio exterior | Outer space | 14 | |
| 6157160371 | La forma del cuerpo | The body's form | 15 | |
| 6157160372 | La amistad | Friendship | 16 | |
| 6157160373 | El humor | Humor | 17 | |
| 6157160374 | El romance | Romance | 18 | |
| 6157160375 | Las experiencias | Experiences | 19 | |
| 6157160376 | Lo difícil | Everything difficult | 20 | |
| 6157160377 | Lo inesperado | Everything unexpected | 21 | |
| 6157160378 | Lo desconocido | Everything unknown | 22 | |
| 6157160379 | El cuerpo humano | The human body | 23 | |
| 6157160380 | La actividad física | Physical activity | 24 | |
| 6157160381 | Los descubrimientos | Discoveries | 25 | |
| 6157160382 | La fe | Faith | 26 | |
| 6157160383 | Lo cotidiano | the daily, the common | 27 | |
| 6157160384 | Lo auténtico | Everything authentic | 28 | |
| 6157160385 | La armonía | Harmony | 29 | |
| 6157160386 | La justicia | Justice | 30 | |
| 6157160387 | La creatividad | Creativity | 31 | |
| 6157160388 | La honestidad | Honesty | 32 | |
| 6157160389 | La libertad | Liberty | 33 | |
| 6157160390 | La naturalidad | Natural | 34 | |
| 6157160391 | La generosidad | Generosity | 35 | |
| 6157160392 | La eficiencia | Efficiency | 36 | |
| 6157160393 | La fluidez de movimiento | Fluid movement | 37 | |
| 6157160394 | La simetría | Symmetry | 38 | |
| 6157160395 | El equilibrio | Balance | 39 | |
| 6157160396 | La simplicidad | Simplicity | 40 | |
| 6157160397 | La paz | Peace | 41 | |
| 6157160398 | La muerte | Death | 42 | |
| 6157160399 | La amabilidad | Kindness | 43 | |
| 6157160400 | El logro | the success | 44 | |
| 6157160401 | El atletismo | Athletics | 45 | |
| 6157160402 | La juventud | Youth | 46 | |
| 6157160403 | El nacimiento | Birth | 47 | |
| 6157160404 | La vejez | the old age | 48 | |
| 6157160405 | La Gracia | the Grace | 49 | |
| 6157160406 | el fracaso | the failure | 50 | |
| 6157160407 | tener un gran éxito | to have a great success | 51 | |
| 6157160408 | Tener muchos aficionados | to have many fans | 52 | |
| 6157160409 | el sentimiento | the feeling | 53 | |
| 6157160410 | el detalle | the detail | 54 | |
| 6157160411 | más . . .que | more . . .than | 55 | |
| 6157160412 | menos. . .que | less . . .than | 56 | |
| 6157160413 | más de | more than (required for numbers) | 57 | |
| 6157160414 | menos de | less than (required for numbers) | 58 | |
| 6157160415 | El mejor objeto de todos | the best object of all | 59 | |
| 6157160416 | la mejor obra de todas | the best work of all | 60 | |
| 6157160417 | pintar | to paint | 61 | |
| 6157160418 | la escultura | the sculputure | 62 | |
| 6157160419 | esculpir | to sculpt | 63 | |
| 6157160420 | dibujar | to draw | 64 | |
| 6157160421 | embellecer | to beautify | 65 | |
| 6157160422 | feo | ugly | 66 | |
| 6157160423 | fuera de equilibrio | out of balance | 67 | |
| 6157160424 | el estilo moderno | modern style | 68 | |
| 6157160425 | crear | to create | 69 | |
| 6157160426 | el ambiente | the environment | 70 |
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