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Ap Flashcards

5008702537	Microeconomics	Tumutukoy sa masusing pag-aaral ng maliit na bahagi ng economics	0
5008702538	Macroeconomics	Tumutukoy sa pag-aaral ng kabuuang dimensyon ng ekonomiya	1
5008702539	Inflation	Patuloy na pagtaas ng produkto	2
5008702540	Patakarang pisikal	Paggastos ng pamahalaan	3
5008702541	Patakarang pananalapi	Monetary policy	4
5008702542	Demand	Tumutukoy sa dami ng produkto o serbisyo na gusto kayang bilhin ng mamimili	5
5008702543	Ceteris paribus	Ang presyo lamang ang salik na nakakaapekto sa pagbabago ng quantity demand	6
5008702544	Demand schedule	Isang talaan na nagpapakita ng dami na kaya at gustong bilhin ng mga mamimili	7
5008702545	Batas ng demand	Mayroong inverse o magkasalungat na ugnayan ang presyo sa quantity demand ng isang produkto	8
5008702546	Demand curve	-Nagpapakita ng isang kurbang pababa o downward sloping curve -nagpapakita ng salungat na ugnayan sa pagitan ng presyo	9
5008702547	Demand function	Matematikong pagpapakita sa ugnayan ng presyo at quantity demand	10
5008702548	Market demand	Pinagsamasamang demand ng mamimili sa pamilihan	11
5008702549	Mga salik na nakakaapekto sa demand	-kita -panlasa -dami ng mamimili -presyo ng magkaugnay na produkto sa pagkonsumo -inaasahan na presyo sa hinaharap	12
5008702550	Formula: Demand function	Qd=a-bP P=a-Qd	13
5008702551	Normal goods	Produktong tumataas ang demand habang tumataas ang kita	14
5008702552	Inferior goods	Produktong bumababa ang demand habang tumataas ang kita	15
5008702553	Complementary goods	Produkto na sabay ginagamit	16
5008702554	Substitute goods	Produktong pamalit, alternatibong produkto	17
5008702555	Price elasticity of demand	Pagsukat sa porsyento ng pagtugon ng konsumer sa porsyento ng pagbabagi ng presyo	18
5008702556	Supply	Tumutukoy sa dami ng produkto at serbisyo na nais at handang ipagbili ng mga negosyante sa pamilihan	19
5008702557	Batas ng supply	Mayroong direkta o positibong ugnayan ang presyo sa quantity supplied ng produkto	20
5008702558	Supply schedule	Isang talaan na nagpapakita ng dami ng kaya at gustong ipagbili ng mga producer sa ibat ibang presyo	21
5008702559	Supply curve	Nagpapakita ng direktang ugnayan sa pagitan ng presyo at sa dami ng gusto at handang ipagbili ng mga mamimili gamit ang graph	22
5008702560	Supply function	Matematikong pagpapakita ng ugnayan ng presyo at quantity supplied	23
5008702561	Market supply	Pinag samasamang supply ng prodyuser	24
5008702562	Supply function	Qs=-a+bP	25
5008702563	Subsidy	Tulong na ipinagkakaloob ng pamahalaan sa mga mamimili na negosyante at magsasaka	26
5008702564	Price elasticity of supply	Pagsukat sa pursyento ng pagtugon ng prodyuser sa porsiyento ng pagbabago ng presyo	27
5008702565	Formula: price elasticity of demand	%∆Qd=Q2-Q1/Q1+Q2/2×100 %∆P=P2-P1/P1+P2/2×100 Ed=\|%∆Qd/%∆P\| absolute value	28
5008702566	Formula: price elasticity of supply	%∆Qs=Q2-Q1/Q1+Q2/2×100 %∆P=P2-P1/P1+P2/2×100 Es=\|%∆Qd/%∆P\| absolute value	29

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Air Pollutants #2 - APES Flashcards

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5544527072	Ozone-depleting chemicals (chemicals that thin out the protective stratospheric ozone layer)	CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) and other chemicals like methyl bromide and trichloromethane	0
5544659839	Montreal Protocol	Most successful international treaty to solve a global environmental problem (ozone-depletion)	1
5544687055	Industrial Smog	Consists of particulate matter (dark soot), SO2, H2SO4 and occurs in or downwind of areas with lots of coal-burning power plants.	2
5544707457	Photochemical smog	Red-brown air pollution that consists of NOx and O3 as well as other oxidants. It requires sunlight,, NOx, and VOC's for the O3 to be created.	3
5544714798	Acid Precipitation	Economically, it can damage buildings/statues, harm fisheries, and cause crop damage. Ecologically, it can directly harm organisms, can leach dangerous metals from soil and rock that also harm organisms, and can leach nutrients from the soil.	4
5544733066	Tropospheric ozone (O3)	A molecule that is a severe respiratory irritant and is harmful to plants.	5
5544765433	Stratospheric ozone (O3)	A molecule that is formed when sunlight hits O2 at the lower part of the stratosphere. A layer of these helps to prevent the most dangerous UV rays from reaching Earth's surface and damaging cells (skin cancer, eye damage, algae death)	6
5544804245	Electrostatic Precipitators	Removes particulate matter from coal-burning smoke stacks.	7
5544804246	Wet Scrubber	Removes SOx and particulate matter from coal-burning smoke stacks.	8
5544807756	Catalytic Converter	Decreases NOx, CO, and VOC's from vehicle exhaust (vehicles with internal combustion engines that run on gasoline or diesel fuel)	9
5545050735	Developed countries	Biggest indoor air pollution problem here is Sick Building Syndrome	10
5545119953	Developing countries	Biggest indoor air pollution problem here is particulate matter and other pollutants from inefficient wood-burning stoves to cook and heat the home with.	11
8089694869	Formaldehyde	Is an additive to help preserve pressed wood (plywood, particle board, etc) products in new homes. Can also be added to some fabrics to make them crease-resistant. Known carcinogen.	12
8089694870	Asbestos	it is materially mined from the earth that was added to materials like ceiling tiles and foam insulation to act as a flame-retardant. It can lead to lung problems and/or lung cancer if you breathe it in.	13
8121253883	Sick Building Syndrome	a situation in which the occupants of a building experience acute health effects that appear to be linked to time spent in that building (often the result of indoor air pollutants)	14

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AP Flashcards

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6871809571	city	Urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as municipality	0
6871826517	urbanized area	the US, in urban area with atleast 50,000 inhabitants	1
6871833714	Urban Cluster	in the US, an urban area with between 22,500 and 50,000 inhabitants	2
6871843072	Metropolitan statistical Area	In the US an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population the country with in which the city isolated, the adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to a central city	3
6871887144	Micropolitan statistical area	An urbanized area of between 100,000 and 50,000 inhabitants, the country in which it is located, and adjacent countries tied to the city.	4
6871908821	Core based statistical areas	In the US, any MSA and usa	5
6871919070	Combined statistical areas	in the US, 2 or more contiguous CBSA's tied together by commuting patterns	6
6871942224	Primary Statistical areas	in the US, any CSA, any MSA not included in a CSA or any USA not included in a CSA	7
6871957724	Central business district	area of a a city where retail and office activities are clustered	8
6871965022	Concentric zone model	model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series	9
6871969472	sector model	`a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arrange around a sense of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from central business district	10
6872022130	Multiple nuclei model	model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities	11
6872034039	edge cities	a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area	12
6872041350	social area analysis	statistical analysis used to identify where ppl of similar living standards, ethnic backgrounds, and lifestyle live with in an urban area	13
6872058398	census tracts	an area delinted by the US Burea of the census for which statistic are published, in urban, census tracts corresponds roughly to neighborhoods	14
6872070434	informal Settlement	an area with in a city in a less developed country in which ppl illegally establish residences on land they don't own or rent and erect homelands structures	15
6872079933	Suburb	residential or commercial area situated with in an urban area but outside the central city	16
6872088756	annexation	legally adding land area to a city in the US	17
6872091659	smart growth	legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland	18
6872099269	sprawl	development of new housing sites at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area	19
6872108657	peripheral model	model of worth american urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring rd	20
6872122478	density gradient	change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery	21
6872130702	Megalopolis	continuous urban complex in the northern eastern US	22
6872135914	zoning ordinance	law that limits the permitted uses of land and max density of development in a communtiy	23
6872141560	rush hour	4 consecutive 15 min periods in the morning and evening with heaviest volumes of traffic	24
6872154081	underclass	a group in society prevented from participating in material benefits of a more developed society bc of a variety of social and economic characteristics	25
6872172581	filtering	process of change in use of a house, from single-family owner occupancy to abandonment	26
6872185444	relining	process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines	27
6872169933	gentrification	a process of converting an urban neighborhood from predominately low income, renter-occupied area to a predominately middle-class, owner occupied area	28
6872229641	public housing	Government owned housing rented to low income individual, with rents set at 30% of the tenant's income	29
6872241379	sustainable development	Development that meets the needs of the present with out comprising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs	30

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AP Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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9538158608	schizophrenia	disorder in which person experiences a break from reality; hallucinations, delusions, and lack of emotion are primary features	0
9538158609	depression	includes symptoms like feeling worthless or hopeless, having difficulty sleeping, lacking energy, or suicidal thoughts; most common mental illness	1
9538158610	generalized anxiety disorder	persistent and pervasive feelings of anxiety without any external cause	2
9538158611	mood disorders	includes depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder	3
9538158612	dissociative disorders	a group of disorders in which the personality becomes detached	4
9538158613	bipolar disorder	swings of mood from depression to mania	5
9538158614	panic disorder	recurrent panic attacks, marked by rapid heart rate, perspiration, and fear without reason	6
9538158615	dissociative identity disorder	two or more distinct personalities exist within the same body; extreme sexual, emotional, or mental abuse is typically the cause	7
9538158616	phobic disorder	persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that is out of proportion to the circumstances	8
9538158617	depersonalization disorder	feeling that mind and body have separated; out of body experience	9
9538158618	antisocial personality disorder	lack of conscience and sense of responsibility to others; chronic lying, stealing, and fighting are common signs; do not feel anxiety or shame	10
9538158619	obsessive-compulsive disorder	persistent, unwanted thoughts and behaviors	11
9538158620	delusions	persistent, false beliefs	12
9538158621	hallucinations	false sensory experiences (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch)	13
9538158622	personality disorders	chronic, inflexible, maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion, social relationships, or impulse control	14
9538158623	mania	excessive elation; symptoms often include euphoria, hyperactivity, distractedness, and talkativeness	15
9538158624	narcissistic personality disorder	sense of self-importance, need for constant attention and admiration, exploit others selfishly	16
9538158625	obsessions	thoughts or images that persist despite a person's efforts to suppress them	17
9538158626	somatoform disorders	psychological problems that result in bodily symptoms or physical complaints	18
9538158627	compulsions	repetitive, purposeful acts performed in an attempt to eliminate obsessions	19
9538158628	positive symptoms of schizophrenia	symptoms that have been added - hallucinations and delusions	20
9538158629	negative symptoms of schizophrenia	symptoms that demonstrate a lack of something - lack of emotion or social connection	21
9538158630	dissociative amnesia	memory loss for identity or length of time without any known cause	22
9538158631	insanity	a legal term used to determine if a person knew the difference between right and wrong at the time of committing a crime	23
9538158632	agoraphobia	fear of public spaces or crowds; usually stay home to avoid panic attacks in public	24
9538158633	anxiety disorders	includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorder, PTSD, and OCD	25
9538158634	post-traumatic stress disorder	after experiencing a traumatic event, the person relives it, has an extreme startle reflex, has trouble sleeping, etc.	26
9538158635	bulimia	an eating disorder characterized by binge eating and purging	27
9538158636	anorexia	symptoms include limiting food intake and extreme exercise	28
9538158637	when is it a disorder?	does it hurt the person or others, does it make the person unhappy, or does it violate social norms?	29
9538158638	cognitive-behavioral model of illness	illness is caused by learning poor ways of thinking and behaving	30
9538158639	social phobia	irrational fear about social situations or people	31
9538158640	conversion disorder	A somatoform disorder in which a person appears to be (but actually is not) blind, deaf, paralyzed, or insensitive to pain.	32
9538158641	hypochondriasis	A strong, unjustified fear of physical illness.	33

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AP BIO functional groups Flashcards

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4827208265	hydroxyl	-OH	0
4827209699	carbonyl		1
4827217269	carboxyl		2
4827218972	sulfhydryl	-SH	3
4827219952	phosphate		4

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AP Unit 6 Flashcards

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6302499033	Gross National Product	Total value in and out of a country	0
6302504578	Gross Domestic Product	Total Value in a country	1
6302508664	Gross National Income	Monetary value of what is purchased and income investment received outside (calculated per capita)	2
6302582520	Informal economy	-is not taxed or monitored by the government -activities are not included in the GNP or GDP -(underground economy)	3
6302618365	formal economy	legal economy that governments tax and monitor	4
6302645207	Core	-Core-Periphery Model -high levels of socio-economic development/prosperity	5
6302690267	Semi-periphery	-Core-Periphery Model -more powerful than periphery -some control by core	6
6302699468	Periphery	-Core-Periphery Model -poor -dependent with little control over its own affairs	7
6302710083	Core-Periphery Model	-Core, semi-periphery, periphery -Based on World Systems Theory by Immanual Wallerstein	8
6302745805	Liberal models	all countries are capable of development	9
6302775181	structuralist models	-many disparities -not all countries go through the same process of development	10
6302787075	Modernization model	-by Walt Rostow ¨latter of development¨ -assumes all countries follow a similar path to development or modernization advancing through 5 stages of development -corresponds with DTM	11
6302847994	development	progess is being made in tech, production, and socioeconomic well-being	12
6302903043	Stage 1 of Modernization Model	-traditional -subsistence farming, tech is slow to change, rigid social structure	13
6302932293	Stage 2 of Modernization Model	-preconditions to takeoff -new leadership, diversification, openness	14
6302949874	Stage 3 of Modernization Model	-takeoff -¨industrial revolution¨, increased urbanization, industrialization proceeds, tech and mass production breakthrough	15
6302973655	Stage 4 of Modernization Model	-drive to maturity -tech diffuses, industrial specialization, international trade expands	16
6302985600	Stage 5 of Modernization Model	-high mass consumption -high income, wide-spread production of goods and services	17
6306643361	Backwash Effects	negative impacts on a region due to economic success in another region (acid rain)	18
6306679316	Spread Effects	positive impacts on a region due to economic growth of another region	19
6306713660	Agglomeration Diseconomies	The negative economic effects of urbanization and the local concentration of industry	20
6306752550	Barriers to Economic Development	1) Social conditions (Lack of education and human trafficking) 2) Foreign debt 3) Disease (malaria) 4) Political instability	21
6306776948	Costs of Economic Development	1) Industrialization 2) Agriculture (large scale leaves little room for local market; desertification) 3) Tourism	22
6306809234	3 Categories of Tourism	1) Man-made (theme parks) 2) Historical/cultural (civil war battle fields) 3) Natural Resources (national/state parks)	23
6306828661	Tourism	-exclusive resorts=no connection with local businesses -most successful regions have multiple attractions -income does not benefit local economies -capital owned by multi-national corporations (not the host country)	24
6306862646	Ecotourism	-designed to protect and empower locals -3 factors needed for success: 1) low impact/environmentally friendly 2) beneficial to local economy and its residents 3) culturally sensitive	25
6306869449	Key facts in development	-core countries experience poverty (regional;really poor parts of wealthy countries) -GNI is not always a key indicator of wealth -wealth/poverty are key terms	26
6306999463	Role of governments in development	government policy influences development (taxes zoning, regulations)	27
6307012575	Islands of development	-Primate cities in the periphery -focus on wealth in a designated city/region	28
6307056385	Microcredit Program	Loans to the poor (mostly women) to start their own business. Gives women more power. Less successful in places with high mortality rates	29

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AP Vocabulary Flashcards

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9896298820	advocate	to recommend; to speak in favor of	0
9896317019	agitation	(n.) a violent stirring or movement; noisy confusion, excitment; a stirring up of public enthusiasm	1
9896355806	alleged	reported, supposed	2
9896371598	amity	friendship	3
9896385460	arrogance	pride; haughtiness	4
9896394383	attribute	a characteristic	5
9896402859	belligerent	(adj.) given to fighting, warlike; combative, aggressive; (n.) one at war, one engaged in war	6
9896410103	benefactor	one who does good to others	7
9896423388	carnivorous	flesh-eating	8
9896430520	centrifugal	moving away from a center	9
9896436292	chivalry	Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages	10
9896445224	conspiracy	a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act	11
9896457133	credentials	documents, letters, references, etc., that inspire belief or trust	12
9896461995	culmination	the highest point of attainment; the end or climax	13
9909908503	cumbersome	(adj.) clumsy, hard to handle; slow-moving	14
9909917626	demoralize	to discourage	15
9909921562	devout	deeply religious	16
9909938077	disperse	to scatter, spread far and wide	17
9909976025	epic	a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds	18
9909996971	fauna	animals	19
9945876142	fervent	(adj.) very earnest, emotional, passionate; extremely hot	20
9910006494	frivolous	(adj.) of little importance, not worthy of serious attention; not meant seriously	21
9910015152	genealogy	family history	22
9910029728	havoc	great destruction; chaos	23
9921098870	herald	to bear news; to announce	24
9921101969	hereditary	having title or possession by reason of birth (adj.) of or passed down by inheritance from an ancestor; transmitted from parent to child	25
9921113443	hoax	a practical joke; a trick	26
9921123484	humanitarian	A person working for the welfare of all humans	27
9921137067	inconspicuous	not easily seen; subtle; not noticeable	28
9921139739	infest	to overrun in a way that causes harm or annoyance	29
9921143846	imflammation	to swell	30
9921148590	intact	untouched or uninjured; kept or left whole	31
9921150782	irony	A contrast between expectation and reality	32
9945887525	kindle	to set fire to or ignite; excite or inspire	33
9945891492	larceny	theft	34
9945895558	lethal	deadly	35
9945900499	manifest	reveal its presence or make an appearance	36
9945907303	manipulate	(v.) to handle or use skillfully; to manage or control for person gain or advantage	37
9945911328	meander	(v.) to wander about, wind about; (n.) a sharp turn or twist	38
9945916555	medieval	Another name for the Middle Ages.	39
9945922033	metamorphosis	a transformation or dramatic change	40
9945927819	misconstrue	to interpret wrongly, mistake the meaning of	41
9945935651	negotiate	to settle by discussing	42
9945940910	obsession	A persistent, unwanted thought or idea that keeps recurring	43
9945949081	ominous	threatening	44
9945979218	plaintiff	one who begins a lawsuit	45
9945990528	plaintive	expressing sorrow	46
9946004713	preposterous	ridiculous, senseless	47
9946009981	prospective	expected, likely, potential	48
9946017368	quest	the act of searching for something	49
9946026368	recede	To move back or away from	50
9946030552	relevant	(adj.) connected with or related to the matter at hand	51
9946033991	sector	a separate part of a society, group, or area	52
9946037247	seethe	(v.) to boil or foam; to be excited or disturbed	53
9946040551	sinister	evil	54
9946049772	sparse	(adj.) meager, scant; scattered	55
9946054073	spurn	to reject	56
9946057838	stagnant	(adj.) not running or flowing; foul from standing still; inactive, sluggish, dull	57
9946062388	tolerate	to put up with, to bear	58
9946069246	unscrupulous	dishonest	59
9946075101	upheaval	(n.) a sudden, violent upward movement; great disorder or radical change	60
9946079934	venerable	respectable due to age	61
9946083315	yearn	to have a strong and earnest desire	62

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AP Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

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4773860096	How many natural elements are there?	92	0
4773861038	What are the four main elements that make up 96% of life forms?	hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen	1
4773869247	What element is all life based on?	carbon	2
4773870731	What elements make up the rest?	potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium (kpsc-king Phillip sings carefully)	3
4773873693	What are the four trace elements?	iron, magnesium, iodine, sodium. (femgina.... easy to remember by itself)	4
4773878649	What are the three subatomic particles?	protons (+), electrons (-), and neutrons (neutral)	5
4773882150	Where are protons and neutrons in an atom?	the nucleus	6
4773883414	Where are electrons in an atom?	energy levels	7
4773884293	How much does a proton weigh?	1 amu/dalton	8
4773884869	How much does a neutron weigh?	1 amu/dalton	9
4773884870	How much does an electron weigh?	1/2000 amu/dalton	10
4773886015	What is an isotope?	a form of an atom with a different number of neutrons (same amount of protons and electrons)	11
4773888495	What are the three isotopes of hydrogen?	protium, deuterium, and tritium	12
4773891104	How many protons/electrons does protium have?	one proton and one electron	13
4773893775	How many neutrons does protium have?	zero	14
4773896814	How many protons/electrons does deuterium have?	one proton and one electron	15
4773897754	How many neutrons does deuterium have?	one	16
4773898879	How any protons/electrons does tritium have?	one proton and one electron	17
4773899766	How many neutrons does tritium have?	two	18
4773937264	What are the three isotopes of carbon?	C12, C13, C14	19
4773938337	How many neutrons does c12 have? (it has 6 protons)	6 neutrons	20
4773940350	How many neutrons does c13 have? (it has 6 protons)	7 neutrons	21
4773941315	How many neutrons does c14 have? (..it has 6 protons)	8 neutrons	22
4773941996	Which isotope of carbon is radioactive?	c14	23
4773944985	What is a half life?	how long it takes for an amount of a radioactive element to lose half it's atoms	24
4773946100	What is the half life of c14?	5600 years	25
4773947239	If a fossil is 1/2 as radioactive as you, how old is it?	5600 years old	26
4773948550	If a fossil is 1/4 as radioactive as you, how old is it?	11,200 years old	27
4773951567	How many electrons are in the first energy level?	2 electrons	28
4773952150	How many electrons are in the second energy level?	8 electrons	29
4773952823	What is an octet?	when an atom has its outer energy level filled with 8 electrons it is considered an octet. it is stable	30
4777446597	What is a valence electron?	the electrons in the outermost energy level	31
4777450314	STUDY THIS CHART	Elmnt., atomic #, valence e, bonds H 1 1 1 N 7 5 2 O 8 6 3 C 6 4 4	32
4777483121	When sodium and calcium combine, who loses an electron?	sodium	33
4777483122	What is an ion?	a charged atom	34
4777483696	What is a positively charged atom?	cation	35
4777484812	What is a negatively charged atom	anion	36
4777488793	What is electronegativity?	an atoms attraction to electrons	37
4777486924	Which is more electronegative, oxygen or hydrogen?	oxygen	38
4777490595	What makes a molecule polar?	it is any molecule with an unequal distribution of charge (electrons)	39
4777496815	What is a good example of a polar molecule?	Water	40
4777496012	What is cohesion?	Attraction of something to itself	41
4777497407	What is adhesion?	attraction something has for something else	42
4777501505	What must a substance be to adhere?(when it comes to water)	hydrophilic	43
4777502610	What does hydrophilic mean?	likes water	44
4777502611	What does hydrophobic mean?	doesn't like water CAN'T BE POLAR!!!!!!	45
4777504025	What is an example of a hydrophobic substance?	oil, fats--nonpolar insoluble	46
4777508361	What is it called when water rises through the stems in plants?	capillary action (transpirational pull)	47
4777510618	What does the water rise through?	xylem	48
4783029092	what must xylem be to transport this water?	hydrophilic	49
4777518283	Why allows bugs to walk on water?	surface tension (bug coats legs with something hydrophobic	50
4777520599	Why does water have strong surface tension?	hydrogen bonds!	51
4777521579	What is specific heat?	the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of something	52
4777522883	What is the specific heat of water?	1 cal/g/degree	53
4777526032	What makes water's specific heat so high?	The hydrogen bond restrains motion in water which makes its specific heat high. Specific heat is largely based on molecular motion, and water has very little.	54
4777532981	DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND HEAT	temperature->average->thermometer heat->total->calorimeter	55
4777536677	What is heat of vaporization?	The amount of energy required to evaporate 1 gram of something	56
4777538342	What is the heat of vaporization for water?	550 calories per gram	57
4777540392	Why does water expand when freezing?	hydrogen bonds!	58
4777541659	At what temperature does water begin to expand?	4 degrees celsius ..the bottom of the ocean is about 5 or 6 degrees, because once water hits 4 degrees it begins rising...	59
4777545947	What is the solvent of life?	water	60
4777547203	What is a mole?	number of grams of something equal to that something's molecular weight	61
4777550061	How much is a mole?	6.02x10^23 or....a buttload	62
4777552304	Total weight of a molecule?	The atomic weight of each element added up. For example, the molecular weight of H2O is 18 amu.	63
4777566388	NOTE	the molecular weight of something equals 1 mole ex: one mole of water is 18 amu	64
4777559050	Does snow heat or cool the atmosphere?	It heats it	65
4777562812	What does Mr. Ford call a "bare naked proton"?	hydrogen after dissociation	66
4777573044	What happens when a water molecule dissociates?	Hydrogen and hydroxide ions are created	67
4777573674	memorize this chart	acids H+ pH below 7 oranges bases OH- pH above 7 grapes	68
4777577412	What are buffers?	molecules that reduce fluctuation in pH	69
4777579261	What are examples of buffers?	bicarbonate and carbonic acid	70
4777584286	What is the formula for bicarbonate?	HCO3	71
4777585076	What is the formula for carbonic acid?	H2CO3	72
4777586609	Is bicarbonate an acceptor or donator of hydrogen ions?	acceptor	73
4777588096	Is carbonic acid an acceptor of donator of hydrogen ions?	donator	74
4777590006	What is oxygen depletion?	When suffocation occurs or someone has a weak heart, there is a loss of oxygen which makes you acid-like (pH falls). There is too much CO2, so that combines with H2P and makes carbonic acid. People go to the hospital and are healed with "grapes" (bicarbonate)	75
4777597236	What is vitalism?	The belief that the organic compounds in us were made by a life force inside of us (not true)	76
4777601543	What are hydrocarbons?	organic compounds consisting of only hydrogen and carbon	77
4777602594	What are examples of hydrocarbons?	butane gas, methane, and gasoline	78
4777604024	What is the chemical formula of butane?	C4H10	79
4777622195	What is the chemical formula for gasoline?	C8H18	80
4777626211	What is the chemical formula for methane?	CH4	81
4777632406	However, most fuels we get are refined.	They are found contaminate with nitrogen, oxygen, iron, calcium, sulfur, etc.	82
4777633625	What is an isomer?	molecules with the same formula, different shape	83
4777636718	Example of an isomer:	butane and isobutane	84
4777640672	What are functional groups?	atoms, other than carbon or hydrogen, commonly attached to carbon atoms.	85
4777660661	What are the first three functional groups?	hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl	86
4777643581	What is different about a hydroxyl?	It has a hydroxide ion attached. it is an alcohol	87
4777647061	What are three examples of hydroxyls?	methyl alcohol (methanol), ethyl alcohol (ethanol), glycerol	88
4777651096	What does a methanol molecule look like?		89
4777653197	What does an ethanol molecule look like?		90
4777656915	What does a glycerol molecule look like?		91
4777659535	What makes something a carbonyl?	It has a double bonded oxygen and a hydrogen	92
4777666897	What are some examples of carbonyl?	Glucose, glyceraldehyde, fructose	93
4777670879	What does a glucose molecule look like?	best pic i could get	94
4777675956	What does a glyceraldehyde molecule look like?	this doesn't even look right...	95
4777680264	A TRIOSE IS A 3 C SUGAR (glyceraldehyde-in left pic. this slide has better pics)		96
4777684373	What is fructose?	An isomer of glucose	97
4777687429	What does a fructose molecule look like?		98
4777690096	What is on a carboxyl group?	it has a double bonded oxygen and a hydroxide	99
4777696302	What are some examples of carboxyls?	acedic acid, fatty acids, formic acid	100
4777698060	What does acedic acid look like?	nothin	101
4777705347	What do fatty acids look like?		102
4777707472	What does formic acid look like? ANT STINGS!		103
4777710868	What else is special about carboxyls?	They have double electronegativity. The 2 oxygens cause this due to the greediness for hydrogen protons. This causes dissociation because the hydrogen are tired of losing their protons.	104
4781425671	What are the next three functional groups we learned?	amino, sulfhydral, phosphate	105
4781428002	What is part of an amino group?	A nitrogen (with two more hydrogen attached to it)	106
4781431726	What is an example of a molecule with an amino group?	urea	107
4781509072	What is an amino acid?	any organic compound with an amino group and a carboxyl (=O, -OH, -N)	108
4782459962	EXAMPLE		109
4782462417	What is special about amino acids?	it can act as a base or an acid due to the carboxyl and the amino groups added onto it. It often dissociates	110
4782466921	What is a sulfhydral group?	sulfur and hydrogen	111
4782468460	What is the sulfhydral's main function?	It helps proteins fold by making DISULFIDE BRIDGES	112
4782473556	What is the makeup of a phosphate group?	A phosphorus and 4 oxygens.	113
4782475443	What does a phosphate group look like?		114
4782477305	What do we think of when we think of phosphate groups?	ATP! it has 3 phosphate groups	115
4782479498	What is a Calorie?	kilocalorie. used in food	116
4782481771	What functional group is organic acids?	carboxyl	117
4782484523	What groups are associated with carbohydrates?	hydroxyl and carbonyl	118
4782486086	What does water dissociate into?	hydrogen and hydroxide	119
4782487874	What is organic chemistry centered around?	Carbon compounds	120
4782489157	What does a formic acid look like?		121
4782880867	does bicarbonate bring the pH up or down?	up	122
4782881130	does carbonic acid bring the pH up or down?	down	123