AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP List 2 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4800331750AllegoryA literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions0
4800336246AlliterationIt is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series.1
4800338510ParallelismThe grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.2
4800344914SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole or, occasionally, the whole is used to represent a part.3
4800547544AbhorrentCausing repugnance; detestable; loathsome. Utterly opposed, or contrary, or in conflict.4
4800550028AcrimonySharpness, harshness, or bitterness of nature, speech, disposition5
4800553156AudiophileA person who is enthusiastic about high-fidelity sound reproduction6
4800555468BenevolentCharacterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings: a benevolent attitude7
4800558006CausticCapable of burning, corroding, or destroying living tissue; severely critical or sarcastic: a caustic remark. biting, mordant, bitter, scathing.8
4800563822DespondentFeeling or showing profound hopelessness, dejection, discouragement, or gloom: despondent about failing health; disheartened, downhearted, melancholy, blue9
4800565871EbullientOverflowing with fervor, enthusiasm, or excitement; high-spirited10
4800568766PoignantFull of play or fun; sportive; frolicsome; keen or strong in mental appeal: a subject of poignant interest; affecting or moving the emotions11
4800574042ReverentFeeling, exhibiting, or characterized by reverence; deeply respectful: feeling or showing profound respect or veneration12
4800576657SomberGloomily dark; shadowy; dimly lighted; gloomy, depressing, or dismal; extremely serious; grave; lugubrious, mournful, doleful, melancholy.13
4800578592TumultuousLoud, excited, and emotional; involving a lot of violence, confusion, or disorder.14

AP Fiction Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5847899290Allusiona reference to something in previous literature, history, or culture that adds to r emphasizes theme in the work0
5847899291allegorya narrative or description with a secondary meaning underlying the literal meaning.1
5847899292allegoryOrwell's Animal Farm where the animals stage a revolution is often seen to represent Karl Marx2
5847899293anecdotea clever little story; a short account of an interesting situation3
5847899294anti- heroa protagonist whose actions are the opposite of what is expected Often confused, victimized, powerless or pathetic4
5847899295anti-heroalthough the protagonist... he was a liar and crook and pretender and, eventually, accomplice to manslaughter.5
5847899296archetypea symbol that recurs often enough in literature overtime to be easily recognizable, such as water as a purifying element or the sun as knowledge, can also include character types: prodigal son...6
5847899297archetypethe mother figure who guides and directs a child7
5847899298epiphanya moment of insight, spiritual or personal; a characters sudden revelation about life8
5847899299eulogythe speech given at the memorial or funeral service in remembrance of one who died9
5847899300extended metaphora detailed or complex metaphor that is evident throughout a work10
5847899301FoilA character in a work whose behavior and values contrast those of another character in order to hi-light the other character's distinct personality.11
5847899302imagerylanguage that appeals to the senses; are emotionally evocative12
5847899303invocation:a prayer or a statement that calls for help from a god or goddess13
5847899304ironya discrepancy between appearance and reality. 3 types: verbal, dramatic, and situational14
5847899305moodthe dominate tone in a piece of literature15
5847899306motifa reoccurring element, and image or idea in a work of literature, whose repetition emphasizes some aspect of the work (theme, plot)16
5847899307parablea short tale that teaches through example. Usually teaches a religious or moral lesson.17
5847899308paradoxa situation or statement containg contradictory elements which nonetheless seem plausible or true18
5847899309parodya work of satire where the author imitates the language and form of another work to ridicule the work19
5847899310symbola person, place or thing that represents something else20
5847899311syntaxin general the order of words in a sentence that results in various sentence types used for a variety of rhetorical effects21
5847899312tonethe speaker or narrator's attitude towards something22
5847899313dictionchoice of words that get the correct message across23
5847899314apostropheWhen a writer addresses an imaginary character24
5847899315euphemismpolite, indirect expressions which replace phrases of harsh or impolite expressions25
5847899316litotesan understatement that often employs a double negative26
5847899317synedochePart of something represents the whole27
5847899318invectivespeech or writing that attacks, insults, or denounces a person, topic, or institution. It involves the use of abusive and negative use of language28
5847899319metonymya figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated29
5847899320colloquialThe definition of colloquial refers to words or expressions used in ordinary language by common people.30
5847899321inversionInversion, also known as anastrophe, is a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter.31
5847899322juxtapositiona literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.32

AP Literature Strickland (List Thirteen) Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8243686429Egregiousconspicuously bad; notorious, infamous; oustandingly bad, shocking0
8243686430Eponymousdescribes someone or something using their name; (of a person) giving their name to something1
8243686431Adumbratereport or represent in outline2
8243686432Degustationtasting/sampling of foods or wine3
8243686433Puissantpowerful, to be able to do so, potent; having great power or influence4
8243686434Assignationsecret meeting usually between 2-3 lovers, rendezvous; an appointment to meet someone in secret, typically one made by lovers5
8243686435Simonythe buying or selling of a church office or a ecclesiastical/church favor; ecclesiastical privileges (pardons or benefices)6
8243686436Panderto provide gratification for others' desires; gratify or indulge immoral desires, needs, or habits7
8243686437Hereticperson who differs in belief from the accepted religion; a person believing in or practicing religious heresy8
8243686438Burgeonto flourish in abundance; begin to grow or increase rapidly9
8243686439Crepuscularanimals that thrive during twilight; (of an animal) appearing or active in twilight10
8243686440Revivifyto bring back to life, giving new life or vigor to11

Clothing Vocabulary AP Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6352931037un ganta glove0
6352931038un manteaua coat1
6352931039une vestea jacket2
6352931040un pantalona pair of pants3
6352931041un jogginga sweatsuit4
6352931042un parapluiean umbrella5
6352931043un shortshorts6
6352931044un maillot de baina bathing suit7
6352931045des tongsflip-flops8
6352931046une jupea skirt9
6352931047un jeanjeans10
6352931048des talonshigh heeled shoes11
6352931049une casquettea baseball cap12
6352931050un chapeaua hat13
6352931051une cravatea tie14
6352931052des boucles d'oreilleearings15
6352931053une montrea watch16
6352931054une écharpea winter scarf17
6352931055un anoraka ski jacket18
6352931056un blousona windbreaker, a parka19
6352931057des basstockings, panty hose20
6352931058un colliera necklace21
6352931059des basketsathletic shoes22
6352931060des tennistennis shoes23
6352931061une chemisea men's dress shirt24
6352931062un chemisiera woman's blouse25
6352931063des chaussuresshoes26
6352931064des chaussettessocks27
6352931065des sandalessandals28
6352931066des bottesboots29
6352931067une robea dress30
6352931068un tee-shirttee-shirt31
6352931069un pulla sweater32
6352931070un sweata sweatshirt33
6352931071un imperméablea raincoat34
6352931072un ensemblean outfit35
6352931073à la modein style36
6352931074porterto wear, to carry37
6352931075la boutiquefancy small store38
6352931076le centre commercialmall39
6352931077un tailleura woman's suit40
6352931078un costumea man's suit41
6352931079un smokinga tuxedo42
6352931080une baguea ring43
6352931081un braceleta bracelet44
6352931082des collantsstockings / tights45
6352931083un foularda decorative scarf46
6352931084des lunettes de soleilsunglasses47
6352931085un sac à maina purse48
6352931086un portefeuillea wallet49
6352931087un grand magasina department store50
6352931088une ceinturea belt51
6352931089un pyjamapjs52
6352931090un déguisementa costume53
6352931091à rayuresstriped54
6352931092à poispolka dot55
6352931093multicolorémulticolored56
6352931094à carreauxchecked57
6352931095à fleursflower print58
6352931096en cotonmade of cotton59
6352931097en lainemade of wool60
6352931098en polyestermade of polyester61
6352931099en caoutchoucmade of rubber62
6352931100d'ormade of gold63
6352931101d'argentmade of silver64
6352931102en cuirmade of leather65
6352931103tape à l'oeilugly (literally hurts my eye)66
6352931104serrétight67
6352931105largebaggy68
6352931106la tailleclothing size69
6352931107la pointureshoes size70
6352931108démodéout of style71
6352931109le défilé de modefashion show72
6352931110en soldeon sale73
6352931111en velourmade of velvet74
6352931112en velour côtélémade of courdoroy75
6352931113en soiemade of silk76
6352931114le tissufabric77
6352931115en toilemade of linen78
6352931116bon marchéinexpensive / cheap79
6352931117cher / chèreexpensive80
6352931118affreux / affreuseawful81
6352931119ridiculeridiculous82
6352931120branchétrendy83
6352931121un tatouagea tatoo84
6352931122à manches longueslong sleeved85
6352931123en dentellemade of lace86
6352931124a l'écosseplaid87

AP Psychology: Psychological Disorders Flashcards

Psychological Disorders: important terms

Terms : Hide Images
9685413966AgoraphobiaA morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)0
9685413967Antisocial personality disorderA personality disorder in which the person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist1
9685413968Anxiety disordersPsychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety2
9685413991ADHDA psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity3
9685413969Bipolar disorderA mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. was once known as Manic Depression.4
9685413970Catatoniaa form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods5
9685413971Conversion disorderA rare somatoform disorder in which a person experiences very specific genuine physical symptoms for which no physiological basis can be found6
9685413992compulsionsThe person's need to perform repetitive behaviors7
9685413972DelusionsFalse beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders8
9685413973Dissociative amnesiaThe sudden loss of memory for significant personal information9
9685413974Dissociative disordersDisorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. the person may become "detached" from themselves10
9685413975Dissociative fugueThe sudden loss of memory for one's personal history, accompanied by an abrupt departure from home and the assumption of a new identity11
9685413976Dissociative identity disorder (DID)A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities; formerly called multiple personality disorder12
9685413993diathesis stress theoryan individual is born with a genetic predisposition towards a mental health problem- the problem is only expressed if the individual is exposed to certain environmental triggers.13
9685413994dopamineneurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia14
9685413995DSM-VDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition: A reference for coding psychiatric disorders or conditions. Organized by symptoms15
9685413977Generalized anxiety disorderAn anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal16
9685413978HallucinationsFalse sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus17
9685413979HypochondriasisChronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments18
9685413980Major depressive disorderA mood disorder in which a person, for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminishes interest or pleasure in most activities19
9685413981Mood disordersPsychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes20
9685413982Negative symptomsSchizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech21
9685413983Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)22
9685413996obsessionspersistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate, causing marked distress23
9685413984Panic disorderAn anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks. May be triggered by the amygdala.24
9685413985Personality disordersPsychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning25
9685413986phobiaAn anxiety disorder characterized by a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation26
9685413987Positive symptomsSchizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas27
9685413997PTSDPost Traumatic Stress Disorder A disorder in which a person has lingering memories, nightmares, and other symptoms for weeks after a severely threatening, uncontrollable event28
9685413998postpartum depressionA new mother's feelings of inadequacy and sadness in the days and weeks after giving birth29
9685413988PrevalenceThe percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period30
9685413999psychological disorder/psychopathologya mental or behavioral pattern or anomaly that results in distress31
9685414000Rosenhan studystudy in which healthy individuals were admitted into mental hospitals after saying they were hearing voices. Once in, they acted normally and still were not labeled as impostors.32
9685413989Schizophreniapsychological disorder marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes33
9685413990Somatoform disordersDisorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists34
9685414001serotonina neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep,arousal,and mood. appears in lower than normal levels in depressed persons35
9685414002seasonal affective disorderControversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during winter months and improved mood during spring. Can be treated using phototherapy, using bright light and high levels of negative ions.36
9685414003maniaA mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. extravagant shopping sprees may happen or a flight of ideas37
9685414004flat affectA marked lack of expressed emotions; a symptom of schizophrenia.38
9685414005word saladIncoherent mixture of words, phrases, and sentences39
9685414006paranoiaA tendency toward excessive or irrational suspiciousness; irrational fear; delusions of persecution40
9685414007IrrationalityAbnormal indicator involving acting or talking in ways that are incomprehensible to others41
9685414008UnpredictabilityAbnormal indicator involving erratic and inconsistent behaviors42
9685414009Unconventional BehaviorAbnormal indicator involving behavior that violates social norms or are statistically rare.43
9685414010Organic Disordersdisorders that affect organs; in the case of psychological patients most often dementia and Alzheimer's which leads to problems with normal functioning44

Consciousness AP Psychology Myers Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

Terms : Hide Images
8420245029consciousnessour awareness of ourselves and our environment.0
8420245030circadian rhythmthe biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.1
8420245031REM (rapid eye movement) sleeprapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.2
8420245032alpha wavesthe relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.3
8420245033sleepperiodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)4
8420245034hallucinationsfalse sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.5
8420245035delta wavesthe large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.6
8420245036NREM sleepnon-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.7
8420245037insomniarecurring problems in falling or staying asleep.8
8420245038narcolepsya sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.9
8420245039sleep apneaa sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.10
8420245040night terrorsa sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.11
8420245041dreama sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the person 's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.12
8420245042manifest contentaccording to Freud, the story of the dream.13
8420245043latent contentaccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).14
8420245044REM reboundthe tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).15
8420245045hypnosisa social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.16
8420245046posthypnotic suggestiona suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.17
8420245047dissociationa split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.18
8420245048psychoactive druga chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.19
8420245049tolerancethe diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.20
8420245050withdrawalthe discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.21
8420245051physical dependencea physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.22
8420245052psychological dependencea psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.23
8420245053addictioncompulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.24
8420245054depressantsdrugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.25
8420245055barbituratesdrugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.26
8420245056opiatesopium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.27
8420245057stimulantsdrugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.28
8420245058amphetaminesdrugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.29
8420245059methamphetaminesa powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.30
8420245060Ecstacy (MDMA)a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.31
8420245061hallucinogenspsychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.32
8420245062LSDa powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).33
8420245063near-death experiencesan altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.34
8420245064THCthe major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.35
8420245065Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) A cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms36
8420245066Substance Use DisorderContinued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.37

AP El lenguaje y la literatura Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
8211108606la fantasíafantasy0
8211120913El espírituspirit1
8211125055La féFaith2
8211130256La magiamagic3
8211132863El personajecharacter4
8211135317La tramaplot5
8211150032Legarto bequeath, to hand down6
8211163983Carecer deto lack of7
8211167450El alborotofuss8
8211176564DesentrañarTo figure out, to unravel9
8211185947Empeñarse enTo be determined to10
8211190542HechizadoBewitched11
8211195361La privaciónTo lack of12
8211203622AsomarseTo stick one's head out of13
8211224612MezclaMixture14
8211229994Los logrosAchievements15
8211234550El prejuicioprejudice16
8211530311Lanzarto release17
8211532326A mediados dearound the middle of18
8211540172El premioaward19
8211545371En cuanto aas for20
8211547100el documentaldocumentary21

Immune System - AP Biology Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
9523742137Inflammatory ResponseVasodilation, phagocytosis, and increase in body temperature0
9523742138Histamineschemical signals that trigger vasodilation, increasing blood supply to area and cause inflammation.1
9523742139PhagocytesWhite blood cells that engulf invading pathogens e.g., neutrophils, macrophages2
9523742140Chemokineschemical signals secreted by blood vessel cells that attract more white blood cells (phagocytes) to the area3
9523742141Specific immunityB and T cells; humoral and cell-mediated response4
9523742142LymphocyteWhite blood cell5
9523742143B CellsHumoral response by producing antibodies; activated by T cells or free antigens6
9523742144T CellsCell-mediated response, stimulating by APCs (antigen presenting cells)7
9523742145Helper T CellSet off an alarm to the immune system that pathogens have broken through the body's line of defense; binds to class II MHC8
9523742146Cytotoxic T CellKills body cells that have been infected with pathogens; stimulated by antigens and helper T-cells9
9523742147MacrophagesAPC that engulfs large numbers of pathogens; presents antigen to activate T cells10
9523742152Memory CellsResponsible for lifelong immunity by storing copy B and T cells to more quickly fight secondary infection11
9523742153AntibodyY-shaped protein with variable antigen bind region; slows pathogens to facilitate destruction12
9523742154AntigenIdentifying marker on the outside of a pathogen13
9523742155Passive ImmunityTemporary immunity where antibodies are transferred from another animal ex: mother transfers some of her antibodies to her nursing child14
9523742157Autoimmune diseaseA mistake in the immune system where the body does not properly distinguish self from nonself15
9523742158AllergyHypersensitive immune response to certain substances that causes that release of histamine16
9523742159Dendritic CellsDuring primary immune responses, the principle antigen-presenting cells in the lymph nodes17
9523742160Innate ImmunityGeneral, non-specific protection to the body, including the skin (barrier), gastric acid, phagocytes, and lysozyme.18
9523742162Natural Killer CellsA type of white blood cell that can kill tumor cells and virus-infected cells; an important component of innate immunity.19
9523742163Mast CellsCells that release chemicals (such as histamine) that promote inflammation.20
9523742164Humoral ResponseThe branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of B cells and that leads to the production of antibodies, which defend against bacteria and viruses in body fluids.21
9523742165Cell-mediated ResponseThe branch of acquired immunity that involves the activation of cytotoxic T cells, which defend against infected cells.22
9523742166NeutrophilsThe most abundant type of white blood cell. Phagocytic and tend to self-destruct as they destroy foreign invaders, limiting their lifespan to a few days. (aka: Pus)23

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!