| CourseNotes

PhysAssist Scribe: Medical Terminology (Definitions & Spelling) Flashcards

10420048308	Arrhythmia	abnormal heart rhythm or heartbeat	0
10421363156	Anti-emetic	a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea	1
10420048309	Atelectasis	A partial or total collapse of lung tissue	2
10420048310	Avulsion	A forcible pulling away of a part or structure	3
10420048311	Bradycardia	Unusually slow heartbeat (rate); less than 60 bpm	4
10430745009	Bradypnea	Abnormally slow breathing	5
10420048312	Cardiomegaly	Enlarged heart	6
10420048313	Cornea	Transparent coat of the eyeball covering the iris and pupil, allowing light into the eye	7
10420048314	Crepitance	A crackling or grating sound, usually of bones	8
10420048315	Debridement	the medical removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to improve the healing potential of the remaining healthy tissue	9
10420048316	Dentition	The teeth in situ or in the dental arch; the arrangement or condition of the teeth in a particular species or individual	10
10420048317	Dermis	True skin, beneath the epidermis	11
10420048318	Afebrile	Without fever	12
10420048319	Gingiva	Gums	13
10420048320	Hemangioma	a buildup of blood vessels in the skin or internal organs that is not normal	14
10420048323	Macule	Small colored spot on the skin	15
10420048325	Malleolus	Projections on either side of the ankle joint from the lower leg bones	16
10420048326	Malocclusion	Imperfect closure or meeting of opposing teeth	17
10420048327	Mottled	Marked by spots or blotches of different colors or shades	18
10420048363	Abscess	a confined pocket of pus that collects in tissues, organs, or spaces inside the body	19
10420048364	Thromboses	Blood clots	20
10420048366	Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)	measures severity of patient's brain injury via assessing consciousness (3): 1. Eye, 2. Verbal, and 3. Motor Responses	21
10420048367	Hemotympanum	presence of blood in the middle ear, often from a skull fracture	22
10420048368	Raccoon Eyes (Periorbital Ecchymosis)	Presence of bruising around the eye; can develop days after a head trauma	23
10420048370	Battle's Sign (Mastoid Eccymosis)	presence of bruising along mastoid process, which lies behind the ear Results from fracture of skull	24
10420048371	tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)	enzyme to help patients avoid a stroke	25
10420048373	Gravidity (Gravida) [G]	number of pregnancies, regardless of pregnancy outcome; from GPA	26
10420048374	Parity (Para) [P]	Number of pregnancies that have reached viable gestational age; includes live and stillbirths; from GPA	27
10420048375	Abortus [A]	Number of pregnancies that have been lost; includes abortions and miscarriages, but NOT stillbirths; from GPA	28
10420048376	HEART Score	designed for all patients presenting chest pain; predicts the likelihood of major adverse cardiac event in next 6 weeks; high score = high % MACE	29
10420048379	Vertebral Artery	located in the neck and supplies blood to the brain	30
10430743952	Artery	Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart	31
10420048380	Vertebral Artery Dissection (VAD)	a flap-like tear of the inner lining of the vertebral artery, which is located in the neck and supplies blood to the brain.	32
10420048381	Diabetic KetoAcidosis (DKA)	Decrease in Insulin leading to INCREASE of BLOOD glucose and DECREASE of CELLULAR glucose, resulting in an INCREASE of KETONE bodies	33
10420048382	Diagnostics of DKA via Glucose Level	Test for hyperglycemia	34
10420048383	Diagnostics of DKA via Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)	Test for hyperkalemia	35
10420048384	Diagnostics of DKA via Urinanalysis (UA)	Test for acidosis	36
10420048385	Diagnostics of DKA via EKG/Monitoring	Looking for arrhythmias	37
10420048386	5 Results from Ketone Bodies Increasing via Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)	1. Anion Gap Acidosis 2. Cellular Potassium Release 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Dehydration 5. Increased Creatinine	38
10430738661	Ambulatory	Able to move about; not confined to a bed	39
10420048389	NIHSS	tool designed to measure brain damage in a patient following a STROKE; range 0-42, measures consciousness, eye movement, motor movement, etc.	40
10420048390	3 Assessments of GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)	1. Eye 2. Verbal 3. Motor Responses	41
10420048391	3-8 Points of GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)	Severe brain injury	42
10420048392	9-12 Points of GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)	Moderate brain injury	43
10420048393	13-15 Points of GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)	Minor brain injury	44
10420048395	Vitamin K1	Vitamin which plays a key role in the body's ability to form clots	45
10420048396	Febrile	Pertaining to having a fever	46
10420048397	Angina	a severe, often constricting pain, usually referring to the chest that occurs when your heart does not get enough blood	47
10420048398	Occiput	Back part of the skull	48
10420048400	Diaphoresis	excessive or profuse sweating or perspiration	49
10420048401	Dorsiflexion	Backward flexion, as in bending backward either a hand or foot	50
10420048402	Dorsal Pedal Pulse	Pulse palpated on the top of the foot	51
10420048403	Eczema	Inflammatory condition of the skin which may be acute or chronic, characterized by itching or burning, tiny papules and vesicles, oozing, crusting, and scaling	52
10420048406	Erythema (erythematous)	unusual redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion	53
10420048407	Bronchitis	Inflammation of the bronchi, usually infectious	54
10430740153	Aneurysm	A widening of a blood vessel due to pressure on weakened tissues causing formation of a sac of blood that may become clotted	55
10420048408	Fascia	Fibrous membrane of connective tissue supporting, and separating muscles and body organs	56
10420048409	Pharyngeal Erythema	"Throat Is Red"	57
10420048410	Fluctuance	used to describe a fluid-filled structure, such as abscess, that produces a wave-like motion when palpated	58
10420048411	Fluorescein	Red, crystalline substance used in diagnostic examination of the eye to detect corneal lesions, abrasions, or foreign bodies	59
10420048412	Fontanel	Any of the spaces closed by membranous structures between the uncompleted angles of the parietal bones and the neighboring bones of a fetal or young skull	60
10420048414	Infiltrate	To penetrate the interstices of a tissue or substance	61
10420048415	Inguinal	Pertaining to the groin region	62
10420048416	Hematemesis	vomiting of blood	63
10420048417	Emesis	Vomit	64
10420048418	Hematochezia	blood in the stool	65
10420048419	Induration	act of hardening; a specific area of hardened tissue	66
10420048420	Meningismus	the triad of nuchal rigidity, photophobia, and headache; a sign of irritation of the meninges	67
10420048421	Nuchal	relating to the nape of the neck	68
10420048423	Nape	the back of a person's neck	69
10420048424	Meningitis	Inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. It may develop in response to a number of causes, most prominently bacteria, viruses, and other infectious agents.	70
10420048425	Meninges	the three membranes (the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater) that line the skull and vertebral canal and enclose the brain and spinal cord.	71
10420048426	Organomegaly	the abnormal enlargement of organs	72
10420048427	Photophobia	abnormal intolerance to light	73
10420048428	Rhinorrhea	thin, watery discharge from the nose	74
10420048429	Tachycardia	abnormally rapid heart rate	75
10420048433	Appendectomy	a surgical operation to remove the appendix	76
10420048442	Benign	(of a disease) not harmful in effect: in particular, (of a tumor) not fatal	77
10420048443	Costal	relating to the ribs	78
10420048444	Cartilage	firm, whitish, flexible connective tissue found in various forms in the human body	79
10420048445	Troponin Level	a lab test used to differentiate between unstable angina and myocardial infarction (heart attack) in people with chest pain	80
10430764482	Infarct	Necrotic area of tissue following cessation of the blood supply	81
10420048446	Myocardial Infarction	heart attack	82
10420048447	Cholecystitis	inflammation of the gallbladder	83
10420048448	Olecranon	Large bony projection of the ulna forming the elbow joint	84
10420048449	Cholecystectomy	surgical removal of the gallbladder	85
10420048450	Etiology	Cause of disease and their mode of operation	86
10420048451	Gallbladder	the small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.	87
10420048452	Cholelithiasis	production of gallstones	88
10420048453	Gallstone	a small, hard crystalline mass formed abnormally in the gallbladder or bile ducts from bile pigments, cholesterol, and calcium salts can cause severe pain and blockage of the bile duct	89
10420048454	Hospitalist	a dedicated in-patient physician who works exclusively in a hospital	90
10420048455	Conjunctiva	delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball	91
10420048464	Edentulous	Without teeth	92
10420048466	Ischemia	Temporary and localized anemia due to restricting circulation to a part	93
10420048467	Transient	a disease or an attack short-lived, passing, or not permanent	94
10420048468	Ischemic	deficient supply of blood to a body part that is due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood	95
10420048469	Otoscope	an instrument designed for visual examination of the eardrum and the passage of the outer ear, typically having a light and a set of lenses.	96
10420048471	Normocephalic	a person whose head and all major organs of the head are in a normal condition and without significant abnormalities	97
10420048472	Atraumatic	(of a medical or surgical procedure) causing minimal tissue injury; not resulting from injury or trauma	98
10420048473	Murmur	an atypical sound of the heart typically indicating a functional or structural abnormality	99
10420048474	Gallops	an abnormal heart rhythm marked by the occurrence of three distinct sounds in each heartbeat like the sound of a galloping horse	100
10420048475	Rubs	an extra heart sound	101
10420048476	Distress	a state of physical strain, exhaustion, or, in particular, breathing difficulty.	102
10420048477	Tenderness	pain or discomfort when an affected area is touched	103
10420048478	Guarding	the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to sheild inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon them	104
10420048479	Sclera	Dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea	105
10420048480	Rebound	a clinical sign to examine pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen	106
10420048481	Bowel	Intestines or guts	107
10420048482	Extremities	the hands and feet	108
10420048483	4 Physical Examination Techniques	1. Inspection 2. Auscultation 3. Percussion 4. Palpation	109
10420048484	Pallor	Paleness to the skin	110
10420048485	Inspection	observing patient by sight (like looking for injuries, analyzing movement and motion, etc.)	111
10420048486	Auscultation	listen to organs (heart, lungs, and abdomen) inside patient for abnormalities	112
10420048487	Percussion	technique to determine size and borders of organs and determine amounts of fluids in body by tapping on a surface to determine the underlying structure	113
10420048488	Palpation (or Palpate)	technique to feel patient's body for abnormalities or examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes.	114
10420048490	Oropharynx	the part of the pharynx that lies between the soft palate and the hyoid bone.	115
10420048503	Hyponatremia	This electrolyte disturbance exists when the sodium concentration in the plasma falls below 135 mmol/L.	116
10430761865	Hypotension	Persistently low arterial blood pressure	117
10420048518	Palpable	Able to be touched or easily perceived	118
10420048522	Abdominal Guarding	the tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon them. The tensing is detected when the abdominal wall is pressed.	119
10420048523	Rebound Renderness	refers to pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen	120
10420048524	Dysphagia	difficulty swallowing	121
10420048525	Sepsis	Presence of pathological microorganisms or their toxins in the blood	122
10420048526	Dyspnea	Difficult and labored breathing, shortness of breath	123
10420048527	Tachypnea (tachypnic)	Extremely rapid respiration	124
10430769212	Pleurisy	Painful inflammation of the pleura	125
10430769213	Pleura	each of a pair of serous membranes lining the thorax and enveloping the lungs in humans and other mammals	126
10420048529	Pneumothorax	Presence of air or gas in the pleural space that may occur spontaneously, due to trauma, or deliberately, introduced in a collapsed lung	127
10420048530	Exudate	a fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation. Example: the pus pockets that form in the oropharynx that are indicative for Strep Throat A fluid with a high content of protein and cellular debris which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation.	128
10420048531	Cellulitis	Inflammation of subcutaneous, loose connective tissue; skin infection	129
10420048532	Lymphadenopathy	a chronic, abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually associated with disease	130
10420048534	Volar	relating to the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot	131
10420048535	Bland Food Diet	a diet consisting of foods that are generally soft, low in dietary fiber, cooked rather than raw, and not spicy.	132
10420048536	Cachectic	general ill health with emaciation, usually occurring in association with cancer or a chronic disease	133
10430745608	Cerumen	Ear wax	134
10420048537	Emaciation	the state of being abnormally thin or weak.	135
10420048538	Hyperkalemia	an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood; high potassium	136
10430757620	Hypernatremia	An abnormally high plasma concentration of sodium ions; high sodium. Over 145 mM. Normal is 136145mM.	137
10420048539	Paresthesia	abnormal tactile sensation often described as creeping, burning, tingling, or numbness	138
10420048540	Urticaria	a skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps; often called Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often attended by itching	139
10420048541	Tachypnic	extremely rapid respiration	140
10420048543	Dysphasia	Loss of or deficiency in the power to understand language as a result of injury or disease to the brain	141
10420048545	Iodoform Gauze	a saturated gauze fabric that uses the antimicrobial and healing properties of iodoform; often used in clinical settings for patients who have infected wounds that may have a build-up of necrotic or dead tissue	142
10420048547	4-0 Prolene Suture	made of a synthetic, monofilament, nonabsorbable polypropylene and is used for skin closure and general soft tissue approximation and ligation.	143
10420048548	Contusion	a mechanical injury causing hemorrhages beneath unbroken skin; bruise	144
10420048549	Hemothorax	blood fluid present in the pleural cavity	145
10420048550	Abrasion	a wound caused by superficial damage to the skin, no deeper than the epidermis	146
10420048551	Crackles	clicking, rattling, or crackling noises that may be made by one or both lungs of a person with a respiratory disease during inhalation	147
10420048552	Torsion	The twisting of a bodily organ on its own axis (e.g. ovary/fallopian tubes, testicle/vas deferens, etc.)	148
10420048553	Dysuria	painful urination	149
10420048554	Loculations	the presence of numerous small spaces or cavities	150
10420048555	Ecchymosis	hemorrhagic, non-elevated, irregularly-formed, discolored area of skin caused by the seepage of blood beneath the epidermis; bruise	151
10420048557	Hematuria	blood in the urine	152
10420048558	Malaise	generalized discomfort or weakness	153
10420048559	Phlegm	the thick viscous substance secreted by the mucous membranes of the respiratory passages	154
10420048561	Pluerisy	painful inflammation of the pleura	155
10420048562	Productive Cough	a cough that produces phlegm or sputum	156
10420048563	Rales	abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation	157
10420048564	Rhonchi (plural rhonchus)	A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed	158
10420048565	Purulent	consisting of matter or pus; resembling pus	159
10420048568	Sputum	spittle, any mixed matter with saliva that is expectorated through the mouth; matter that is expelled from the respiratory tract such as phlegm or mucus	160
10420048569	Nystagmus	Involuntary rapid eye movement	161
10420048580	Stridor	Harsh or high-pitched respiratory sounds, caused by an obstruction of the air passages	162
10420048581	Tinnitus	a ringing in the ears	163
10420048582	Croup	an upper airway infection that blocks breathing and has a distinctive barking cough	164
10420048585	Pharynx	the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus	165
10420048586	Esophagus	the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet.	166
10420048588	Otitis Externa	an infection of the outer ear canal; often referred to as swimmer's ear	167
10420048589	Incontinence	lack of voluntary control over urination or defecation	168
10420189813	Tinea	Any of many different superficial fungal infections of the skin	169
10420190652	Defecation	the discharge of feces from the body.	170
10420048595	Distal Pulses	a pulse read at the wrist or ankle	171
10420048596	Myalgia	muscular pain	172
10420048597	Diverticulitis	An inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract.	173
10420048598	Diffuse	Spread out over a large area; not concentrated	174
10420048599	Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)	1 of 4 Abdominal Quadrants	175
10420048600	Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)	1 of 4 Abdominal Quadrants	176
10420048601	Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)	1 of 4 Abdominal Quadrants	177
10420048602	Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)	1 of 4 Abdominal Quadrants	178
10420048610	Abdominal Pain	"Stomach Pain"	179
10420048611	Tonsillectomy	Surgical excision of a tonsil	180
10420048613	Antiemetic	Drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea	181
10420048615	Effusion	escape of fluid into a cavity	182
10420048616	Toradol (or Ketorolac for generic name)	Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect; used for short-term pain management	183
10420048617	Tramadol (or Ultram for brand name)	synthetic analog of Codeine; opioid analgesic	184
10420048621	Wells' Criteria (or Wells' Score)	2 Versions: 1. deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 2. pulmonary embolism (PE)	185
10430751164	Embolism	Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot of blood or foreign substance	186
10420048622	Vein	Vessel carrying deoxygenated blood to the heart, excluding pulmonary ones	187
10420048624	Lumbar Puncture (LP)	spinal tap; procedure in which cerebrospinal fluid is aspirated by inserting a needle into the lumbar cistern	188
10420048625	Arterial Blood Glass (ABG)	Used to measure concentration of arterial gases like O2 or CO2, pH, bicarbonate level, etc. important for respiratory disease treatments	189
10430766985	Odynophagia	Painful swallowing	190
10420048629	Bicarbonate Buffer System	maintains our body's normal pH of 7.4	191
10420048630	Acidosis	In humans, a pH < 7.35; stems from an increase of CO2	192
10420048631	Alkalosis	In humans, a pH > 7.45; stems from an increase of Bicarbonate	193
10420048632	Le Chatelier's Principle	If a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, the system will respond to restore a new equilibrium state.	194
10420048634	Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)	occurs when 2 abnormal hemoglobin genes are inherited; abnormality results in rigid, sickle-like red blood cells	195
10420048635	Bone Marrow Transplant	only potential cure for SCA; procedure typically reserved for children	196
10420048636	Naloxone (or Narcan)	a competitive opioid receptor antagonist; used to treat drug overdoses in the ED	197
10420048637	Petechiae	Tiny red spot occurring on the skin caused by a small amount of escaping blood	198
10421548032	Guaiac	test that detects the presence of fecal occult blood	199
10430758306	Hypertension	Persistently high arterial blood pressure	200
10422993315	Occult	(of a disease or process) not accompanied by readily discernible signs or symptoms.	201
10422989823	Intussusception	a blockage of the intestine; a medical condition in which a part of the small intestine that has invaginated into another section of intestine, similar to the way in which the parts of a collapsible telescope slide into one another	202
10422988719	Pyloric Stenosis (or infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)	a condition that causes severe vomiting in the first few months of life	203
10422986978	Mycoplasmais	a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Because they lack a cell wall, they are unaffected by some antibiotics such as penicillin	204
10422985805	Gastroenteritis (A.K.A. gastro, gastric flu, and stomach flu although unrelated to influenza)	refers to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, involving both the stomach and the small lining of the intestines and resulting in acute diarrhea. The inflammation is caused most often by infection with certain viruses, less often by bacteria or their toxins, parasites, or adverse reaction to something in the diet or medication	205
10422983403	Exacerbation	Aggravate	206
10422980669	Exanthem	Widespread rash seen most in children	207
10421548400	Pneumonia	An inflammatory illness of the lung	208
10422978472	Supination	Rotation of either the forearm or foot	209
10422977767	Vaso-occlusive	relating to, resulting from, or caused by occlusion of a blood vessel	210
10422976757	Icteric (Jaundice)	The yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae (white of the eyes) and mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia.	211
10422974936	Postictal	Post-seizure condition which induces alterations in neuronal function but not structure. These symptoms include exhaustion, inability to think clearly, migraine	212
10422974057	Hydrocele	A pathological accumulation of serous fluid in a bodily cavity	213
10422972089	Bronchiolitis	Inflammation of the bronchioles, the smallest air passages of the lungs. The term usually refers to acute viral bronchiolitis, a common disease in infancy. This is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)	214
10430773481	Syncope	Loss of consciousness; to faint	215
10422972677	Bronchioles	the smallest air passages of the lungs	216
10422971477	Tonic-clonic	An epileptic seizure characterized by a generalized involuntary muscular contraction and cessation or respiration followed by tonic and clonic spasms of the muscles	217
10423001151	Epileptic (or Epilepsy)	related to a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions, associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.	218
10423001167	Cessation	the fact or process of ending or being brought to an end	219
10422526902	Costochondritis (Tietze's Syndrome)	is a benign inflammation of one or more of the costal cartilages	220
10422497852	Hemostat (or hemostatic clamp)	a surgical tool, which resembles a set of scissors with a locking clamp replacing a blade. commonly used in emergency medicine to control bleeding, especially from a torn blood vessel, until sutures or other surgical techniques can repair the bleeding	221
10422495799	Appendicitis	Inflammation of the appendix	222
10421548401	Palate	Roof of the mouth; the partition separating the nasal and oral cavities	223
10423007483	Partition	the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts	224
10422494359	Condylar, condyle	A rounded projection on a bone, usually for articulation with another bone	225
10423009308	Articulation	the state of being jointed	226
10422492379	G-button	A tube inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for long-term enteral nutrition	227
10422286061	Perihilar	Area around the root of the lung	228
10422285132	Epididymitis	Inflammation or infection of the epididymis. In this long coiled tube; attached to the upper part of each testicle, sperm mature and are stored before ejaculation	229
10423014707	Epididymis	a highly convoluted duct behind the testis, along which sperm passes to the vas deferens	230
10421554064	Lingual	Belonging to the tongue	231
10421552812	Papule	A circumscribed, solid elevation of skin with no visible fluid, varying in size from a pinhead to 1 cm	232
10421552509	Gastrostomy	Is a surgical procedure for inserting a tube through the abdomen wall and into the stomach. The tube is used for feeding or drainage.	233
10421551981	Mittelschmerz	abdominal pain occurring at the time of ovulation, resulting from irritation of the peritoneum by bleeding from the ovulation site	234
10423020741	Peritoneum	the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs	235
10423020742	Ovulation	discharge of ova or ovules from the ovary	236
10423023798	Ovum (plural Ova)	a mature female reproductive cell, especially of a human or other animal, that can divide to give rise to an embryo usually only after fertilization by a male cell.	237
10423024811	Ovule	a small or immature ovum or female reproductive egg	238
10423024914	Ovary	a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.	239
10423045915	Fallopian Tubes	(in a female mammal) either of a pair of tubes along which eggs travel from the ovaries to the uterus.	240
10423045123	Adnexa	Refers to the appendages of an organ. Ex. Ovaries and Fallopian tubes	241
10423044433	Arthralgia	Severe pain in joint	242
10423044425	Axilla	Armpit	243
10423042473	Cervical	Pertaining to the neck or to the cervix of the uterus	244
10423041139	Cyanosis	A blue coloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to the presence of greater than, or equal to, 2.5 g/dL of deoxygenated hemoglobin in blood vessels near the skin surface	245
10430755991	Hemorrhage	Excessive or profuse bleeding	246
10430748204	Cyanotic	Pertaining to a bluish or slatelike skin color	247
10423040358	Diarrhea	An abnormal, frequent discharge of fluid fecal matter from the bowel	248
10423038236	Edema	Swelling of body tissues due to an excessive accumulation of fluid in connective tissue or a serous cavity	249
10423037907	Epistaxis	Hemorrhage from the nose; nose bleeding	250
10423033999	Hallucination	The apparent, often strong subjective perception of an object or event when no such stimulus or situation is present; may be visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or tactile	251
10423031024	Hepatosplenomegaly	simultaneous enlargement of both the liver and spleen	252
10423054776	Seizure	The sudden attack or recurrence of a disease. A single episode of epilepsy, often named for the type it represents	253
10423054021	Wheeze (or Wheezing)	Difficulty breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways	254
10423054011	Nare	Nostrils	255
10423051132	Lacrimal	To do with tears	256
10423053636	Joint	Articulation or junction between two or more bones or cartilage	257
10423050899	Hematoma	Swelling of blood which occurs in an organ or tissue resulting from ruptured blood vessel	258
10423050653	Ligament	Fibrous tissue, binding bones together	259
10423050328	Vertigo	Condition of dizziness, often described as a room spinning sensation	260

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BONES Flashcards

Luzerne County Community College BIO135 Bones Lab

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10412690609	Coronal suture		0
10412690610	Sagittal suture		1
10412690611	Squamousal suture		2
10412690612	Lambdoidal suture		3
10412690613	anterior fontanel		4
10412690614	anteriolateral fontanel		5
10412690615	posteriolateral fontanel		6
10412690616	posterior fontanel		7
10412690617	occipital bone		8
10412690618	external occipital crest		9
10412690619	foramen magnum		10
10412690620	occipital condyle		11
10412690621	external occipital protuberance		12
10412690760	hypoglossal canal	Tiny holes on either side of foramen magnum	13
10412690622	parietal bone		14
10412690623	frontal bone		15
10412690624	glabella		16
10412690625	supraorbital foramen		17
10412690626	supraorbital margin		18
10412690627	nasal bone		19
10412690628	vomer bone		20
10412690629	lacrimal bone		21
10412690630	lacrimal fossa		22
10412690761	zygomatic bone	Cheek bone	23
10412690631	palatine bone		24
10412690632	temporal bone		25
10412690633	mastoid process		26
10412690634	squamous region		27
10412690635	tympanic region		28
10412690636	styloid process		29
10412690637	external auditory meatus		30
10412690638	internal auditory meatus		31
10412690762	zygomatic process	Where bone attaches to skull	32
10412690639	jugular foramen		33
10412690640	carotid canal		34
10412690763	foramen lacerum	Either side of sella turcica	35
10412690641	ethmoid bone		36
10412690642	crista galli		37
10412690643	cribriform plate		38
10412690644	sphenoid bone		39
10412690645	sella turcica		40
10412690646	optic foramen		41
10412690647	foramen ovale		42
10412690648	foramen spinosum		43
10412690649	foramen rotundum		44
10412690650	maxilla bone		45
10412690651	alveoli		46
10412690652	incisive foramen		47
10412690653	infraorbital foramen		48
10412690654	mandible bone		49
10412690655	alveoli		50
10412690656	mental foramen		51
10412690657	mandibular ramus		52
10412690658	mandibular condyle		53
10412690659	coronoid process		54
10412690660	mandibular foramen		55
10412690661	hyoid bone		56
10412690662	cervical vertebrae		57
10412690663	atlas		58
10412690664	axis		59
10412690665	odontoid process		60
10412690666	thoracic vertebrae		61
10412690667	spinous process		62
10412690668	body		63
10412690669	transverse process		64
10412690670	vertebral foramen		65
10412690671	lamina		66
10412690672	pedicle		67
10412690673	superior articular process		68
10412690674	lumbar vertebrae		69
10412690675	sacral vertebrae		70
10412690676	sacral hiatus		71
10412690677	median sacral crest		72
10412690678	dorsal sacral foramina		73
10412690679	coccyx		74
10412690680	sternum		75
10412690681	manubrium		76
10412690682	body (gladiolus)		77
10412690683	xiphoid process		78
10412690684	true ribs		79
10412690685	head of rib		80
10412690686	neck of rib		81
10412690687	tubercle of rib		82
10412690764	angle of rib	in between the tubercle and shaft of rib, where it curves	83
10412690688	shaft of rib		84
10412690689	Clavicle		85
10412690690	sternal end		86
10412690691	acromial end		87
10412690692	Scapula		88
10412690693	Acromion		89
10412690694	glenoid fossa		90
10412690765	corocoid process	Acromion's anterior buddy	91
10412690695	spine		92
10412690696	supraspinous fossa		93
10412690697	infraspinous fossa		94
10412690698	subscapular fossa		95
10412690699	suprascapular notch		96
10412690700	Humerus		97
10412690701	Head		98
10412690702	greater tubercle		99
10412690703	lesser tubercle		100
10412690766	Capitulum	Where radius articulates	101
10412690767	Trochlea	Where ulna articulates	102
10412690704	medial epicondyle		103
10412690705	lateral epicondyle		104
10412690706	olecranon fossa		105
10412690707	deltoid tuberosity		106
10412690708	Ulna		107
10412690709	Styloid process		108
10412690768	olecranon process	Top of C to fit into fossa of the same name	109
10412690710	Ulnar tuberosity		110
10412690769	Trochlear notch	Makes hinge joint	111
10412690711	Radius		112
10412690712	styloid process		113
10412690713	radial tuberosity		114
10412690714	head		115
10412690715	Carpals		116
10412690716	Metacarpals		117
10412690717	Phalanges		118
10412690718	Ilium		119
10412690719	iliac crest		120
10412690720	Iliac fossa		121
10412690770	Ala	The wing, opposite of Illiac fossa	122
10412690721	auricular surface		123
10412690722	Greater sciatic notch		124
10412690723	lesser sciatic notch		125
10412690724	Anterior superior spine		126
10412690725	Ischium		127
10412690726	Ischial spine		128
10412690727	Pubis		129
10412690728	Acetabulum		130
10412690729	Obturator foramen		131
10412690730	Femur		132
10412690731	Head		133
10412690732	Neck		134
10412690733	Fovea capitus		135
10412690734	Greater trochanter		136
10412690735	Lesser trochanter		137
10412690736	linea aspera		138
10412690737	intercondylar notch		139
10412690738	lateral epicondyle (femur)		140
10412690739	medial epicondyle (femur)		141
10412690740	Lateral condyle (femur)		142
10412690741	Medial condyle (femur)		143
10412690742	Patella		144
10412690771	Anterior surface	What surface?	145
10412690772	Posterior surface	What surface?	146
10412690743	Tibia		147
10412690744	Lateral condyle		148
10412690745	medial condyle		149
10412690746	medial malleolus		150
10412690747	tibial tuberosity		151
10412690748	Fibula		152
10412690749	Lateral malleolus		153
10412690750	Phalanges		154
10412690751	metatarsals		155
10412690752	Tarsals		156
10412690753	calcaneus		157
10412690754	Talus		158
10412690755	Cuboid		159
10412690756	Lateral cuneiform		160
10412690757	Intermediate cuneiform		161
10412690758	Medial cuneiform		162
10412690759	Navicular		163

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Medical Terminology Flashcards

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10435080076	Word Root indicates what	Body Part	0
10435080077	Combining Form	Word root & Vowel	1
10435080078	Suffix indicates what	Procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech	2
10435080079	Prefix indicates what	Number, time, position, or negation	3
10435080080	-centesis	Surgical Puncture	4
10435080081	-clast	To break	5
10435080082	-desis	Binding, fixation of bone or joint	6
10435080083	-ectomy	Excision, removal	7
10435080084	-lysis	Destroy, separate	8
10435080085	-pexy	Fixation	9
10435080086	-plasty	Surgical repair	10
10435080087	-rrhapy	Suture	11
10435080088	-stomy	Forming an opening	12
10435080089	-tome	Instrument to cut	13
10435080090	-tomy	Incision	14
10435080091	-tripsy	Crushing	15
10435080092	-gram	Record, writing	16
10435080093	-graph	Recording instrument	17
10435080094	-graphy	Process of recording	18
10435080095	-meter	Instrument for measuring	19
10435080096	-metry	Act of measuring	20
10435080097	-scope	Instrument for examining	21
10435080098	-scopy	Visual examination	22
10435080099	-algia	Pain	23
10435080100	-dynia	Pain	24
10435080101	-cele	Hernia, swelling	25
10435080102	-ectasis	Dilation, expansion	26
10435080103	-edema	Swelling	27
10435080104	-emesis	Vomiting	28
10435080105	-Emia	Blood condition	29
10435080106	-iasis	Abnormal condition	30
10435080107	-itis	Inflammation	31
10435080108	-lith	Stone, calculus	32
10435080109	-malacia	Softening	33
10435080110	-megaly	Enlargement	34
10435080111	-oma	Tumor	35
10435080112	-osis	Abnormal condition	36
10435080113	-pathy	Disease	37
10435080114	-penia	Decrease, deficiency	38
10435080115	-phobia	Fear	39
10435080116	-plegia	Paralysis	40
10435080117	-rrhage, -rrhagia	Bursting of	41
10435080118	-rrhea	Discharge	42
10435080119	-rrhexis	Rupture	43
10435080120	a-, an-	Without, not	44
10435080121	Circum-, Peri-	Around	45
10435080122	Dia-, Trans-	Through, across	46
10435080123	Dipl-, Diplo-	Double	47
10435080124	Endo-, Intra-	In, within	48
10435080125	Homo-, Homeo-	Same	49
10435080126	Hypo-	Under, beneath, deficient	50
10435080127	Macro-	Large	51
10435080128	Micro-	Small	52
10435080129	Mono-, Uni-	One	53
10435080130	Post-	After, behind	54
10435080131	Abdomino	Abdomen	55
10435080132	Cephalo	Head	56
10435080133	Cervico	Neck	57
10435080134	Cranio	Cranium	58
10435080135	Gastro	Stomach	59
10435080136	Ilio	Ilium	60
10435080137	Inguino	Groin	61
10435080138	Lumbo	loins, lower back	62
10435080139	Pelvi, Pelvo	Pelvis	63
10435080140	Spino	Spine	64
10435080141	Thoraco	Chest	65
10435080142	Umbilico	Umbilicus, Navel	66
10435080143	Anterior	Front	67
10435080144	Caudo	Tail	68
10435080145	Disto	Farthest	69
10435080146	Dorso	Back	70
10435080147	Infero	Lower	71
10435080148	Latero	Side	72
10435080149	Medio	Middle	73
10435080150	Postero	Back, Behind	74
10435080151	Proximo	Near, Nearest	75
10435080152	Supero	Above, Upper	76
10435080153	Ventro	Belly	77
10435080154	Median, Midsagittal plane	Cuts the body into left and right planes	78
10435080155	Frontal, Coronal plane	Cuts the body into front and back planes	79
10435080156	Horizontal, Transverse plane	Horizontally cuts the body in half	80
10435080251	Right hypochondriac region		81
10435080252	Epigastric region		82
10435080253	Left Hypochondriac region		83
10435080254	Right Lumbar region		84
10435080255	Umbilical region		85
10435080256	Left lumbar region		86
10435080257	Right inguinal region		87
10435080258	Hypogastric region		88
10435080259	Left Inguinal Region		89
10435080157	_____ Uses are narrow beam of x-rays, which rotates in a full arc around the patient to image the body in cross-sectional slices A.) CT B.) Fluoroscopy C.) US D.) MRI E.) PET	CT	90
10435080158	_____ Directs x-rays through the body to a fluorescent screen to view the motion of organs, such as the digestive tract and heart A.) CT B.) Fluoroscopy C.) US D.) MRI E.) PET	Fluoroscopy	91
10435080159	____ Employs high- frequency sound waves to produce images of internal structures of the body A.) CT B.) Fluoroscopy C.) US D.) MRI E.) PET	US	92
10435080160	______ Employs magnetic energy to produce cross-sectional images A.) CT B.) Fluoroscopy C.) US D.) MRI E.) PET	MRI	93
10435080161	______ is a type of nuclear scan that uses radiopharmaceuticals to diagnose disorders involving metabolic process, such as brain tumors, epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer disease, and pulmonary disorders. A.) CT B.) Fluoroscopy C.) US D.) MRI E.) PET	PET	94
10435080162	____ is a specialized lighted instrument to view the interior of organs and cavities A.) Endoscope B.) Anastomosis C.) SPECT D.) Tomography E.) Radiopharmaceutical	Endoscope	95
10435080163	______ Surgically joins the two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other. A.) Endoscope B.) Anastomosis C.) SPECT D.) Tomography E.) Radiopharmaceutical	Anastomosis	96
10435080164	_____ is similar to PET, but employs a specialized gamma camera that detects emitted radiation to produce a three-dimensional image based on a composite of many views A.) Endoscope B.) Anastomosis C.) SPECT D.) Tomography E.) Radiopharmaceutical	SPECT	97
10435080165	_____ Produces a film representing a detailed cross-section of tissue structure at a predetermined depth, Three types include CT, PET, and SPECT A.) Endoscope B.) Anastomosis C.) SPECT D.) Tomography E.) Radiopharmaceutical	Tomography	98
10435080166	______ is a drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to an area or a specific organ to be scanned A.) Endoscope B.) Anastomosis C.) SPECT D.) Tomography E.) Radiopharmaceutical	Radiopharmaceutical	99
10435080167	Cyano	Blue	100
10435080168	Erythro	Red	101
10435080169	Leuko	White	102
10435080170	Melano	Black	103
10435080171	Xantho	Yellow	104
10435080172	Pustules	White heads	105
10435080173	Tricho/pilo	Hair	106
10435080174	Onchvo	Nail	107
10435080175	Abrasion	Scraping Surface	108
10435080176	Abscess	Collection of pus	109
10435080177	Carbuncle	Cluster of hair follicles	110
10435080178	Comedo	Dried sebum plugging duct	111
10435080179	Contusion	Bruise	112
10435080180	Ecchymosis	Bruise over a large area	113
10435080181	Hirsuitism	Excessive growth of hair	114
10435080182	Acne	Inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles	115
10435080183	Impetigo	Bacterial infection	116
10435080184	Psoriasis	Itchy red patches with silvery scales	117
10435080185	Ulcer	Skin lesion-inflammation	118
10435080186	Pressure ulcer	Prolonged pressure; bedsore	119
10435080187	Gangrene	Necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply	120
10435080188	Karposi sarcoma	Malignant skin tumor associated with AIDS	121
10435080189	______ Is a rounded epidermal growth caused by a virus A.) Verruca B.) Vitiligo C.) Tinea D.) Furuncle E.) Eczema	Verruca	122
10435080190	______ is a localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by appearance of milk-white patches A.) Verruca B.) Vitiligo C.) Tinea D.) Furuncle E.) Eczema	Vitiligo	123
10435080191	_____ is a fungal skin disease, commonly called ringworm who's name indicates the body part affected A.) Verruca B.) Vitiligo C.) Tinea D.) Furuncle E.) Eczema	Tinea	124
10435080192	_______ is an abscess that originates in a hair follicle also called a boil A.) Verruca B.) Vitiligo C.) Tinea D.) Furuncle E.) Eczema	Furuncle	125
10435080193	______ is a general term for an itchy red rash that may become crusted, thickened, or scaly A.) Verruca B.) Vitiligo C.) Tinea D.) Furuncle E.) Eczema	Eczema	126
10435080194	_____ is an allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red elevated patches that are intensely itchy, also called hives A.) Urticaria B.) Biopsy C.) Dermabrasion D.) Electrodesiccation E.) Cryosurgery	Urticaria	127
10435080195	______ Refers to excision fo a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination A.) Urticaria B.) Biopsy C.) Dermabrasion D.) Electrodesiccation E.) Cryosurgery	Biopsy	128
10435080196	______ refers to use of revolving wire brushes or sandpaper to removed superficial scars on the skin A.) Urticaria B.) Biopsy C.) Dermabrasion D.) Electrodesiccation E.) Cryosurgery	Dermabrasion	129
10435080197	_____ refers to the procedure in which diseased tissue is dehydrated and destroyed by high-frequency electrical sparks A.) Urticaria B.) Biopsy C.) Dermabrasion D.) Electrodesiccation E.) Cryosurgery	Electrodesiccation	130
10435080198	_______ refers to use of liquid nitrogen to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue cells A.) Urticaria B.) Biopsy C.) Dermabrasion D.) Electrodesiccation E.) Cryosurgery	Cryosurgery	131
10435080199	_______ refers to removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound A.) Debridement B.) Scabies C.) Alopecia D.) Comedo E.) Petechia	Debridement	132
10435080200	______ is a contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite A.) Debridement B.) Scabies C.) Alopecia D.) Comedo E.) Petechia	Scabies	133
10435080201	______ is absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; baldness A.) Debridement B.) Scabies C.) Alopecia D.) Comedo E.) Petechia	Alopecia	134
10435080202	______ is a blackhead A.) Debridement B.) Scabies C.) Alopecia D.) Comedo E.) Petechia	Comedo	135
10435080203	______ is a minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that is a smaller version of ecchymosis A.) Debridement B.) Scabies C.) Alopecia D.) Comedo E.) Petechia	Petechia	136
10435080204	Laryngo-	Larynx, voice box	137
10435080205	Naso-, Rhino-	Nose	138
10435080206	Pharyngo-	Pharynx, throat	139
10435080207	Tonsillo-	Tonsils	140
10435080208	Tracheo-	Trachea, windpipe	141
10435080209	Lobo-	Lobe of lung	142
10435080210	Epiglottio-	Epiglottis	143
10435080211	Alveolo-	Alveolus	144
10435080212	Bronchio-	Bronchus	145
10435080213	Pleuro-	Pleura	146
10435080214	Pneumo-, pulmono-	Air, lung	147
10435080215	Thoraco-	Chest	148
10435080216	-algia, -dynia	Pain	149
10435080217	-Ectasis	Dilation, expansion	150
10435080218	-osmia	smell	151
10435080219	-oxia	oxygen	152
10435080220	-phagia	swallowing, eating	153
10435080221	-pnea	breathing	154
10435080222	-spasm	twitching	155
10435080223	-thorax	chest	156
10435080224	aero-	air	157
10435080225	Emphysema	Overexpansion/ destruction of alveoli	158
10435080226	Asthma	Characterized by bronchioconstriction, mucous, obstruction, wheezing	159
10435080227	Pneumonia	Lung inflammation caused by bacteria or virus	160
10435080228	COPD	Respiratory disorders characterized by chronic, partial obstruction of bronchi and lungs	161
10435080229	Tuberculosis	Infectious disease producing small	162
10435080230	Croup	Acute respiratory syndrome in children	163
10435080231	____________ is a high- pitched breathing sound resembling the blowing of wind, caused by obstruction of air passages. A.) Stridor B.) Epistaxis C.) Influenza D.) Acidosis E.) Coryza	Stridor	164
10435080232	_________ refers to nosebleed A.) Stridor B.) Epistaxis C.) Influenza D.) Acidosis E.) Coryza	Epistaxis	165
10435080233	_________ is a contagious respiratory infection characterized by onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain A.) Stridor B.) Epistaxis C.) Influenza D.) Acidosis E.) Coryza	Influenza	166
10435080234	________ is excessive acidity of blood due to an accumulation of acids or excessive loss of bicarbonate A.) Stridor B.) Epistaxis C.) Influenza D.) Acidosis E.) Coryza	Acidosis	167
10435080235	________ is acute inflammation of nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; a cold A.) Stridor B.) Epistaxis C.) Influenza D.) Acidosis E.) Coryza	Coryza	168
10435080236	________ is a genetic disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excessive production of mucus, causing sever congestion within the lungs and pancreas A.) Cystic fibrosis B.) Lung Cancer C.) Pleural Effusion D.) Pneumothorax E.) Crackle	Cystic Fibrosis	169
10435080237	_________ refers to pulmonary malignancy commonly attributed to cigarette smoking A.) Cystic fibrosis B.) Lung Cancer C.) Pleural Effusion D.) Pneumothorax E.) Crackle	Lung Cancer	170
10435080238	________ is an abnormal presence of fluid in the pleural cavity A.) Cystic fibrosis B.) Lung Cancer C.) Pleural Effusion D.) Pneumothorax E.) Crackle	Pleural Effusion	171
10435080239	________ refers to accumulation of air in the pleural cavity A.) Cystic fibrosis B.) Lung Cancer C.) Pleural Effusion D.) Pneumothorax E.) Crackle	Pneumothorax	172
10435080240	_________ is an adventitious lung sound produced by air passing over retained airway secretions; formerly called rale A.) Cystic fibrosis B.) Lung Cancer C.) Pleural Effusion D.) Pneumothrax E.) Crackle	Crackle	173
10435080241	__________ are used to dilate bronchial walls to increase airflow A.) Bronchodilators B.) ARDS C.) MRI D.) Atelectasis E.) Epiglottitis	Bronchodilators	174
10435080242	_______ is a form of restrictive lung disease that follows severe infection or trauma in young and previously healthy individuals A.) Bronchodilators B.) ARDS C.) MRI D.) Atelectasis E.) Epiglottitis	ARDS	175
10435080243	__________ uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body A.) Bronchodilators B.) ARDS C.) MRI D.) Atelectasis E.) Epiglottitis	MRI	176
10435080244	_________ refers to a collapsed lung A.) Bronchodilators B.) ARDS C.) MRI D.) Atelectasis E.) Epiglottitis	Atelectasis	177
10435080245	_______ is a sever life threatening infection of the epiglottis that occurs most commonly in children A.) Bronchodilators B.) ARDS C.) MRI D.) Atelectasis E.) Epiglottitis	Epiglottitis	178
10435080246	________ is an acute infectious disease characterized by an explosive cough; also called whooping cough A.) Pertussis B.) Consolidation C.) SIDS D.) Hypoxia E.) Rhonchi	Pertussis	179
10435080247	_________ process of becoming solid, especially in connection with the lungs A.) Pertussis B.) Consolidation C.) SIDS D.) Hypoxia E.) Rhonchi	Consolidation	180
10435080248	________ refers to the unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant A.) Pertussis B.) Consolidation C.) SIDS D.) Hypoxia E.) Rhonchi	SIDS	181
10435080249	________ is a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues A.) Pertussis B.) Consolidation C.) SIDS D.) Hypoxia E.) Rhonchi	Hypoxia	182
10435080250	_________ refers to abnormal chest sounds resembling snoring, produced in obstructed airways A.) Pertussis B.) Consolidation C.) SIDS D.) Hypoxia E.) Rhonchi	Rhonchi	183

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Medical Assistant Physical Exam Positions Flashcards

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10391288004	Erect Standing (anatomic)	Patient stands upright with arms at sides and palms facing forward	0
10391288005	Sitting Position	Pretty self explanatory. Patients sits at end of exam table with feet over edge.	1
10391288006	Supine (horizontal recumbent)	Patient laying flat on back with arms at side. Used for examination of chest, heart and abdomen	2
10391288007	Trendelenburg	Patients lies supine position with foot of the table elevated. Treatment for shock or abdominal surgery	3
10391288008	Dorsal recumbent	Patient is in supine position with legs flexed at the knees and feet flat on table. Used for genital and rectum exam	4
10391288009	Lithotomy	Female patients assume the dorsal recumbent position with feet in the stirrups. Knees are bent and butt moved to the edge of the exam table. Used for pap smear and pelvic exams	5
10391288010	Sims' (Lateral)	Patients lies on the their left side with the left arm behind the body and right arm forward, flexed at the elbow. Both legs flexed at knee and the right leg is sharply flexed and positioned next to the left leg, which is slightly flexed. Used to rectal examination, treatments and enemas	6
10391288011	Prone	Patient lies flat on their stomach with the head turned slightly to the side. Arms can be positioned above the head and extended or alongside the body. Used for Back or neck procedures (cervical to sacral), Procedures of the occipital or postero-lateral cranium Sacral, perianal & perineal procedures	7
10391288012	Knee-chest (genupectoral)	Have the patient put their butt in the air like a five year old. Used for proctologic exams	8
10391288013	Proctologic	Have your patient put their butt in the air but put the exam table in a more sharp position like they are being alien probe. Used for proctologic exams (Colorectal surgery is a field in medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon.)	9
10391288014	Jackknife (reclining)	Patient lies on the back with shoulders elevated, knees flexed, thighs flexed at right angles to the trunk. Used for when passing a urethral sound	10
10391288015	Fowler's Position	Fowler's positions are tilted back. In medicine, Fowler's position is a standard patient position. It is an intervention used to promote oxygenation via maximum chest expansion and is implemented during events of respiratory distress.	11
10391288016	Semi Fowlers	Same as fowlers except at 45 degrees	12
10391288017	High fowlers position	Same as fowlers except at 90 degrees. Basically the same as fowlers	13

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The Developing Person: Through the Life Span Flashcards

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5005647338	The science of human developement	The science that seeks to understand how and why people of all ages and circumstances change or mean the same overtime.	0
5005647339	Scientific method	Away to answer questions that requires empirical research and data based conclusions.	1
5005647340	Hypothesis	A specific prediction that can be tested.	2
5005647341	Empirical evidence	Evidence that is based on observation, experience, or experiment, not theory.	3
5005647342	Replication	The repetition of a study, using different participants.	4
5005647343	Nature	A general term for the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception.	5
5005647344	Nuture	A general term for all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived.	6
5005647345	Lifespan perspective	An approach to the study of human development that takes into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood.	7
5005647346	Critical period	A time when a particular type of development growth (in the body or behavior) must happen if it is ever going to happen.	8
5005647347	Sensitive period	A time when a certain type of development is most likely to happen or happens most easily, although it may still happen later with more difficulty. For example, early childhood is considered a sensitive period for language learning.	9
5005647348	Ecological systems approach	The view that in the study of human development, the person should be considered in all the context and interactions that continue a life. Later renamed bioecological theory.	10
5005647349	Cohort	A group defined by the shared age of its members, who, because they were born at about the same time, move through life together, experiencing the same store Acole events and cultural shifts.	11
5005647350	Socioeconomic status	A person's position in society as determined by income, wealth, occupation, education, and place of residence. Sometimes called social class.	12
5005647351	Culture	A system of shared beliefs, norms, behaviors, and expectations that persist over time and prescribe social behavior in assumptions.	13
5005647352	Social construction	And ideas that is based on shared perceptions, not on objective reality. Many age related terms, such as childhood, adolescence, yuppie, senior citizen are social constructs.	14
5005647353	Difference-equals-deflect error	The mistaken belief that a deviation from some norm is necessarily inferior to behavior or characteristics that meet the standard.	15
5005647354	Ethnic group	People whose ancestors were born in the same region and who often share language, culture, and religion.	16
5005647355	Race	A group of people who are regarded by themselves or by others as distinct from other groups on the basis of physical appearance, typically skin color. Social time scientists think race is a misleading concept, as biological differences are not signified by outward appearance.	17
5005647356	Epigenetic	Referring to the effects of environmental focuses on the expression of an individual's, or species, genetic and inheritance.	18
5005647357	Dynamic systems	A view of human development as an ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the physical, cognitive, and psychological influences. The crucial understanding is that development is never static but is always affected by, and effects, many systems of development.	19
5005647358	Differential sensitivity	The idea that some people are more phone Rible the others to certain experiences, usually because of genetic differences.	20
5005647359	Scientific observation	A method of testing a hypothesis by unobtrusively watching and recording participants behavior and a systematic and objective manner in a natural setting or the laboratory; a search of archival data is another way to conduct scientific observation.	21
5005647360	Cross-sectional research	A research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar and other important characteristics.	22
5005647361	Longitudinal research	A research design in which the same individuals are followed overtime and their development is repeatedly assessed.	23
5005647362	Cross sequential research	A hybrid research design in which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages, a cross sectional approach, and then follow those groups over the years, along to Tunel approach. Also called cohort sequential research or time sequential research.	24
5005647363	Correlation	A number that indicates the degree of relationship between two variables, expressed in terms of likelihood that one variable will or will not occur when the other variable does or does not occur. A correlation indicates that only two variables are related, knots that one variable causes the other to occur.	25
5005647364	Urie Bronfenbrenner's five overlapping systems that provide the context for all human development	1. Macrosystem: cultural patterns, political philosophies, economic policies, and social conditions 2. exosystem: external networks (Community structures, local education, medical, informant, communication systems) 3. mesosystem: interaction of systems 4. microsystem: intimately and immediately shape human development (Family, peer groups, classroom, neighborhood, house of worship) 5. chronosystem: dimension of time All of which develop percentage of sex, health, abilities, and temperament	26
5005647365	Five principles that characterize human development at any stage or age	1. Multidirectional: Change occurs in every direction that always in a straight lines, gains and losses, predictable growth, and unexpected transformations are evident 2. Multidisciplinary: numerous academic fields, especially psychology, biology, education, and sociology, but also neuroscience, economics, but also anthropology, history, medicine, genetics, etc. 3. Multicontextual: human lives are embedded in many contexts, including historical conditions, economic constraints, and family patterns. 4. Multicultural: many cultures, not just between nations but also in them, affect how people develop. 5. Plasticity: every individual, and every trade with in each individual, can be altered at any point in the lifespan. Changes on going, although it is neither random easy.	27
5006865116	Developmental theory	A group of ideas, generalization about interpret and illuminate thousands of observations that have been made about human growth. A developmental theory that provides a framework for explaining the patterns and problems of development.	28
5006865117	Norm	An average, or standard, measurement, calculated from the measurements of many individuals within a specific group or population.	29
5006865118	Psychoanalytic theory	A grand theory of human development that holds the rational, unconscious drives and motives, often originating in childhood, underlie human behavior. Freud theorized that sexual urges arise during three stages of childhood development; oral, anal, and phallic, and continue, after latency, in the genital stage.	30
5006865119	Behaviorism	A grand theory of human development that studies observable behavior. But Haviar is him is also called learning theory because it describes the laws and processes by which behavior is learned.	31
5006865120	Conditioning	According to behaviorism, the processes by which responses become linked to particular stimuli and learning takes place. The word conditioning is used to emphasize the importance of repeated practice, I was when an athlete conditions his or her body to perform well by training for a long time.	32
5006865121	Classical conditioning	The learning process in which a meaningful stimulus (such as the smell of food to a hungry animal is) connected to a neutral stimulus (such as sound of a tone) that have no special meeting before the conditioning. Also called respondent conditioning.	33
5006865122	Operant conditioning	The learning process by which a particular action is followed by something desired, which makes a person or animal more likely to repeat the action, or buy something unwanted, which makes the action less likely to be repeated. Also called instrumental conditioning.	34
5006865123	Reinforcement	The process by which a behavior is followed by something desired, such as food for hungry animal or a welcoming smile to a lonely person.	35
5006865124	Social learning theory	An extension of behaviorism the emphasizes the influence that other people have over a person's behavior. Even without specific reinforcement, every individual learns many things through observation and imitation of other people.	36
5006865125	Modeling	The central process of social learning, by which a person observes the actions of others and then copies them. Modeling is also called observational learning.	37
5006865126	Cognitive theory	A grand theory of human development that focuses on the changes in how people think over time. According to this theory our thoughts shape our attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Piaget.	38
5006865127	Cognitive equilibrium	In cognitive theory, a state of mental balance in which people are not confused because they can use their existing thought processes to understand current experiences and ideas.	39
5006865128	Assimilation	The reinterpretation of new experiences to fit into old ideas.	40
5006865129	Accommodation	The reconstructing of old ideas to include new experiences.	41
5006865130	Information processing theory	A perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connections, stored memories, and output.	42
5006865131	Sociocultural theory	I knew where Siri that holds that development results from the dynamic interaction of each person with the surrounding social and cultural forces. Vygotsky	43
5006865132	Apprenticeship in thinking	Vgotsky's term for how cognition is stimulated and developed in people by more skilled members of society.	44
5013362156	Guided participation	The process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and expirations.	45
5013362157	Humanism	A theory that stresses the potential of all humans for good and the belief that all people have the same basic needs, regardless of culture, gender, or background.	46
5013362158	Selective adaptation	The process by which living creatures, including people, adjust to their environment. Genes that and hands survival and reproductive ability are selected, over the generations, to become more prevalent.	47
5013362159	Eclectic perspective	The approach taken by the developmentalists, in which they apply aspects of each of the various theories of development rather than adhering exclusively to one theory.	48
5013362160	Grand theories	Theories are grand in that they are comprehensive, enduring, and widely applied, although they are not universally excepted.	49
5013362161	Emergent theories	New theories that have emerged that, unlike the grand series, our multicultural and multidisciplinary.	50
5013362162	Gamete	Reproductive cell; that is, a sperm or ovum that can produce a new individual if it combines with a gamete from the other sex to make a zygote.	51
5013362163	Zygote	The single cell formed from the union of two gametes, a sperm and an ovum.	52
5015235094	Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA	The chemical composition of the molecules that contain the genes, which are the chemical instructions for the cells to manufacture various proteins.	53
5015235095	Chromosome	One of 46 molecules of DNA, in 23 pairs, that virtually each cell of the human body contains and that, together, contain all the genes. Other species have more or fewer chromosomes.	54
5015235096	Gene	A small section of chromosome, the basic unit for the transmission of heredity. A gene consists of a string of chemicals that provide instructions for the cell to manufacture certain proteins.	55
5015235097	Allele	A variation that makes a gene different in someway from other genes for The same characteristics. Many genes never very; others have several possible alleles.	56
5015235098	Genome	The full set of jeans that are instructions to make an individual member of a certain species.	57
5015235099	Genotype	An organisms entire genetic inheritance or genetic potential.	58
5015235100	Homozygous	Referring to two gene and one pair that are exactly the same in every letter of their code. Most gene pairs are homozygous.	59
5015235101	Heterozygous	Referring to two genes of one pair that differ in someway. Typically one allele has only a few base pairs that differ from the other member of the pair.	60
5015235102	23rd pair	The chromosome pair that, in humans, determines sex. The other 22 pairs are autosomes, inherited equally by males and females.	61
5015235103	XX	A 23rd pair chromosome that consists of 2X shaped chromosomes, one each from the mother and father. XX zygotes become females.	62
5015235104	XY	A 23rd pair chromosome pair that consists of an extra each chromosome from the mother and the Y shaped chromosome from the father. XY zygote become nails.	63
5015235105	Stem cells	Sounds from which any other specialized type of cell conform.	64
5015235106	Monozygotic (MZ) twins	Twins who originate from one zygotes that split apart very quickly and development. Also called identical twins twins. Other monozygotic multiple births, such as triplets and quad droplets, can occur as well.	65
5015235107	Dizygotic (DZ) twins	Twins were formed when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time. Also called fraternal twins.	66
5015235108	Assistive reproductive technology	A general term for the techniques designed to help in fertile couples conceive and then sustain a pregnancy.	67
5015235109	In vitro fertilization	Fertilization that takes place outside a woman's body, as in a glass laboratory dish. The procedure involves mixing sperm with ova that have been surgically removed from the woman's ovary. If a zygote is produced, it is inserted into the woman's uterus, where it may implants and develop into a baby.	68
5015235110	Intra-cytoplasmic injection	An in vitro it fertilization technique in which a single sperm cell is injected directly into an album.	69
5015235111	Phenotype	The observable characteristics of a person, including appearance, personality, intelligence, and all other treats.	70
5015235112	Polygenic	Referring to a trait that is influenced by many genes.	71
5015235113	Multi-factorial	Referring to a trait that is affected by many factors, both genetic and environmental, that in hands, hold, shape, or alter the expression of jeans, resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype.	72
5015235114	Human genome project	International effort to map the complete human genetic code. This effort was essentially completed in 2001, the analysis is ongoing.	73
5015235115	Dominant/recessive pattern	The interaction of heterozygotes pair of alleles in such a way that a phenotype reflex one allele, the dominant gene, more than the other, the recessive gene.	74
5015235116	Carrier	A person who is genotype includes a gene that is not expressed in the phenotype. The Carried gene occurs in half of the carriers gametes and thus is passed onto half of the carriers children. If such a gene is inherited from both parents, the characteristic appears in the phenotype.	75
5015235117	X-linked	A gene carried on the X chromosome. It's a male inherits another X-linked recessive trait from his mother he expresses that trait because the Y from his father has no counteracting Jean. Females are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits that are less likely to express them.	76
5015235118	Copy number various	Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs.	77
5015235119	Heritability	A statistic that dictates what percentage of variation in a particular trait within a particular population, in a particular context and era, to be traced	78
5015235120	Down syndrome	A condition in which a person has 47 chromosomes instead of 46, with three rather than two chromosomes at the 21st sight. People with downside drone typically have distinctive characteristics, including unusual facial features, for Abner allergies, and language difficulties.	79
5015235121	Fragile X syndrome	A genetic disorder in which part of the X chromosome seems to be attached to the rest of it by a very thin string of molecules. Because is a single gene that has more than 200 repetitions of one triplet.	80
5015235122	Genetic counseling	Consultation and testing by trained expert that and people individuals to learn about their genetic heritage, including harmful condition that might pass along to any children they may conceive.	81
5018569675	How do genes influence the development of physical and psychological characteristics,?	Genes affect every treat, weather is something wonderful, such as a wacky sense of humor; something fearful, such as a violent temper; or something quite ordinary, such as a tenancy board.	82
5018569676	How can environment overcome genetics?	The environment affects every trade as well, in ways that change as maturational, culture, and Storico process unfold.	83
5018569677	Germinal Period	The first two weeks of prenatal development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of differentiation.	84
5018569678	Embryonic period	The stage of prenatal development from approximately the third through the eighth week after conception, during which the basic forms of all body structures, including the internal organs, develop.	85
5018569679	Fetal period	The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the fetus gained about 7 pounds, more than 3000 g, and organs become more mature, gradually able to function on their own.	86
5018569680	Implantation	The process, beginning about 10 days after conception, in which the developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uterus, where he can be nourished and protected as it continues to develop.	87
5018569681	Embryo	The name for a developing human organism from about the third through the eighth week after conception.	88
5018569682	Fetus	The name for developing human been organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth.	89
5018569683	Ultrasound	An image of a fetus, or an internal organ, produced by high-frequency sound wave. Also called a sonogram.	90
5018569684	Age of viability	The age, about 22 weeks after conception, at which a fetus might survive outside the mother's uterus is a specialized medical care is possible.	91
5018569685	Apgar scale	A quick assessment of A newborn's health. The babies color, heart rate, reflex is, muscle tone, and respiratory effort are given the score of zero, one, or two twice - one minute and five minutes after birth - and each time the total of all five scores is compared with the maximum score of 10, rarely attend.	92
5018569686	Teratogen	An agent or condition, including viruses, drugs, and chemicals, that can impair prenatal development and result in birthday facts or even death.	93
5018569687	Behavioral teratogens	Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain, impairing the future child intellectual and emotional functioning.	94
5018569688	Threshold effect	In prenatal development, when a Teratogen is relatively harmless in small doses but becomes harmful what's exposure reaches a certain level, the threshold.	95
5018569689	Different birth weights	Low birth weight - less than 5 1/2 pounds Very low birth weight - less than 3 pounds. 5 ounces Extremely low birth weight less than 2 pounds. 3 ounces	96
5018569690	Preterm	A birth that occurs three or more weeks before the full 38 weeks of the typical pregnancy - that is, at 35 or fewer weeks after conception.	97
5018569691	Normal pregnant Term	38 weeks	98
5018569692	Small for gestational age	A term for a baby his birthweight is significantly lower than expected, given the time since conception.	99
5018569693	Cerebral palsy	I disorder that results from damage to the brain's motor centers. People with cerebral palsy have difficulty with muscle control, so there speech and/or body movements are impaired.	100
5018569694	Anoxia	A lack of oxygen that, if her lungs, can cause brain damage or death.	101
5018569695	Reflex	An unlearned, involuntary action or movement a response to a stimulus. A reflex occurs without conscious thought.	102
5018569696	Couvade	Symptoms of pregnancy and birth experience by fathers.	103
5018569697	Hear sparing	A biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth. The brain is the last part of the body to be damage by malnutrition.	104
5018569698	Neuron	One of billions of nerves in the central nervous system, especially in the brain.	105
5018569699	Cortex	The outer layers of the brain and humans and other animals. Most thinking, feeling, and sensing involves cortex.	106
5018569700	Pre-frontal cortex	The area of the cortex at the very front of the brain that specializes in anticipation, planning, and impulse control.	107
5018569701	Axon	A fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrite of the other neurons.	108
5018569702	Dendrite	A fiber that extends from the neuron and receives electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons the other axons.	109
5018569703	Synapse	The interaction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of other neurons.	110
5018569704	Nero transmitter	A brain chemical that carries information from the axon of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron.	111
5018569705	Synaptic gap	The pathway across which Nero transmitters carry information from the axon of the sending neuron to the dendrites of the receiving neuron.	112
5018569706	Transient exuberance	Great but temporary increase in the number of dendrites that develop an infants brain during the first two years of life.	113
5018569707	Pruning	When applied to brain development, the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die.	114
5018569708	Experience dependent brain functions	Brain functions that depend on particular, valuable experiences and therefore may or may not develop in a particular infant.	115
5018569709	Experience expectant friend functions	Brain functions require certain basic common experiences, which an infant can be expected to have, in order to develop normally.	116
5018569710	REM sleep	A stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind close lid, dreaming, and rapid bring waves.	117
5018569711	Cosleeping	A custom in which parents and their children, usually infants, sleep together in the same room.	118
5018569712	Perception	The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation.	119
5018569713	Binocular vision	The ability to focus the two eyes in a coordinated manner in order to see one image.	120
5018569714	Motor skill	Learned abilities to move some part of the body, and actions ranging from A large leap to a flicker of the island. The word motor refers to movement of the muscles.	121
5018569715	Gross motor skill	Physical abilities involving large body movements, such as walking and jumping.	122
5018569716	Marasmus	A disease of severe protein calorie Maliu Tristian during early infancy, in which growth stops, body tissues waste away, and the infant dies eventually.	123
5018569717	Kwashiorkor	A disease of chronic million attrition during childhood, in which a protein deficiency makes the child more vulnerable to other diseases, such as measles, diarrhea, and influenza.	124
5018569718	Sudden infant death syndrome	A situation in which a seemingly healthy infant, usually between two and six month old, suddenly stops breathing and dies unexpectedly while asleep.	125
5018569719	Immunization	A process that stimulates the body's immune system by causing production of antibodies to defend against attacked by a particular contagious disease, creation of anti-bodies may be accomplished either naturally, by having the disease, by injection, by drops their swallowed, or by nasal spray, either post method is also called his vaccination.	126
5018569720	What is a possible way to's stop SIDS from occurring?	Having the child sleep on their back.	127
5018569721	Sensorimotor intelligence	Piaget's term for the weight infants thanks - by using their senses and motor skills - during the first period of cognitive development.	128
5018569722	Primary circular reactions	The first of three types of feedback loops in the sensorimotor intelligence, this one involving the body. The infant senses motion, stuffing, noise, and other stimuli and tries to understand them.	129
5018569723	Secondary circular reactions	The second of the three types of feedback loops in sensorimotor intelligence, this one involving people and objects. Infants respond to other people, toys, and to any other object that can touch your move.	130
5018569724	Object permanence	The realize Asian that objects, including people, still exist when they can go longer be seen, touch, or heard.	131
5018569725	Tertiary circular reactions	The third of the three types of feedback loops and sensorimotor intelligence, this one involving active expiration and experimentation. Infants explore a range of new activities, baring their responses as a way of learning about the world.	132
5018569726	A little scientist	The five stage toddler, Age 12-18 months, Who experiments without anticipating the results, using trial and error in active and creative Exploration.	133
5018569727	Deferred imitation	A sequence in which an infant first perceive something done by someone else and then performs the same action hours or even days later.	134
5018569728	Habituation	The process of becoming accustomed to object port event through repeated exposure to it, and thus becoming less interested in it.	135
5018569729	fMRI	The functional magnetic resonance imaging Kaitlynn a measuring technique in which the brains electrical excitement indicates division anywhere in the brain; fMRI helps researchers locate neurological responses to stimuli.	136
5018569730	Mirror neurons	Cells in an observer's brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer we're actually performing that action.	137
5018569731	Affordance	An opportunity for perception and interaction that is offered by a person, place, or object if you have iron it.	138
5018569732	Visual cliff	An experimental apparatus that gives the illusion of a sudden drop off between one Horizon all surface and another.	139
5018569733	Reminder session	A perceptual experience that helps a person re-collect an idea, I think, or experience.	140
5018569734	Implicit memory	Unconscious or automatic memory that is usually stored via habits, emotional responses, routine procedures, and various sensations.	141
5018569735	Explicit memory	Memory that is easy to retrieve on demand, as in a specific test. Most explicit memory involves consciously learn the words, data, and concepts.	142
5018569736	Child directed speech	The high pitch, simplified, and repetitive way adult speak to infants and children. Also called baby talk or motherese.	143
5018569737	Babbling	I'm infants repetition of certain syllables, such as Bob Bubba, that begins when babies are between six and nine months old.	144
5018569738	Holophrase	A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought.	145
5018569739	Naming explosion	A sudden increase in and infants vocabulary, especially in the number of nouns, that begins at about 18 months of age.	146
5018569740	Grammar	All the methods - word order, verb forms, and so on - that language is used to communicate meaning, apart from the words themselves.	147
5018569741	Mean length of utterance	The average Number of words in a typical sentence, called utterance, because children may not talk in complete sentences. MLU is often used to indicate how advanced a child language development is.	148
5018569742	Temperament	Inborn differences between one person and another and emotions, activity, and self-regulation. It is measured by the persons typical responses to the environment.	149
5018569743	Synchrony	A coordinated, rapid, and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver and an infant.	150
5018569744	Language acquisition device LAD	Chomsky's term for a hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.	151
5018569745	Social smile	A smile evoked by human face, normally first evident in infants about six weeks after birth.	152
5018569746	Cortisol	The primary stress hormone; fluctuations in the body is cortisol level affect human emotion.	153
5018569747	Still faced technique	An experimental practice in which an adult keeps his or her face unmoving and expressionless in face-to-face interaction with an infant.	154
5018569748	Attachment	According to Ainsworth, "an affectional tie, "Tatian marks that an infant forms with the caregiver - a tie that binds them together in space and endorse overtime.	155
5018569749	Secure attachment	A relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver.	156
5018569750	Insecure avoidant attachment	A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver, as when the infant seems not to care about the caregivers present, departure, or return.	157
5018569751	Insecure resistant/ambivalent attachment	A pattern of attachment in which an infant anxiety and uncertainty or evident as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists at six contact on reunion.	158
5018569752	Disorganized attachment	A type of attachment that is marked by an infants inconsistent reactions to the caregivers departure and return.	159
5018569753	Strange situation	Laboratory procedure for measuring attachment by invoking infants reactions to the stress of various adults comings and going's in an unfamiliar playroom.	160
5018569754	Social referencing	Seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else's expressions and reactions. That other person becomes a social reference.	161
5018569755	Trust versus mistrust	Ericksons first crisis of psychological development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where the basic needs, for food, comfort, attention, and so on are met.	162
5018569756	Autonomy versus shame and doubt	Ericsson second crisis of psychological development. Toddlers either succeed or fail in gaining a sense of self rule over their actions and their bodies.	163
5018569757	Social learning	The acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others. Albert Bandura	164
5018569758	Proximal parenting	Caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching.	165
5018569759	Distal parenting	Caregiving practices that involve the remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food, and face-to-face communication with minimal holding and touching.	166
5018569760	Working model	And cognitive theory, a set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences. For example, a person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by an incident in which this working model of human behavior is erroneous.	167
5018569761	Allocare	The care of children by people other than their biological parents.	168
5023361565	What did Piaget emphasize about the infants roll in cognitive development?	That babies did in fact think on a more complex level before speaking than was previously believed.	169
5023361566	Piaget's six stages of sensorimotor intelligence	Primary circular reactions - Stage one (birth to one month): reflexes include sucking, grasping, staring, listening Stage two (1-4 months) first acquired adaptations; accommodation and coordinated reflexes. For instance sucking at a pacifier differently from a nipple, attempting to hold a bottle to suck it. Secondary circular reactions - infants responses to objects and people Stage 3 (4-8 months): making interesting events last - responding to people and objects. Such as clapping hands when mother says pattycake Stage 4 (8-12 months): New adaptation and anticipation - becoming more deliberate and purposeful in response to people at objects. For instance putting mother's hands together in order to make her start playing patty cake Tertiary circular reactions - most creative, first with action and then with ideas Stage 5 (12-18): New means through active experiment Tatian. Also known as little scientist. Putting a teddy bear in the toilet and flush it Stage 6 (18-24 months): do you mean through mental combinations - thinking before doing, new ways of achieving a goal without resorting to trial and error. For instants before flushing the teddy bear hesitating because of the memories of the toilet overflows and mom will get angry	170
5023361567	What are the three theories of infant language development?	Theory one: infants need to be taught B. F. Skinner noticed that spontaneous battling is usually reinforced. Beliefs were based on A) parents are excellent teachers, although caregivers help. B) frequent repetition is instructive, especially would like to daily life. And C) well taught infants become well spoken children. Theory two: social impulses foster infant language, social pragmatic The belief that all infants master words and grammar to join the social world in which they find themselves. Theory three: infants teach themselves The third theory holds that language learning is genetically programmed to begin at a certain age, adults need not teach it, nor is it a byproduct of social interaction. Noam Chomsky Felt that language is too complex to be mastered nearly through step-by-step conditioning. He label to this hypothesize mental structure as language acquisition device. The LAD enable children, as their brains develop, to derive the rules of grammar quickly and effectively from the space they hear every day, regardless of what their native languages. Note: all theories put together are correct.	171
5023863983	Psychoanalytic theory	Freud and Erikson Freud - oral and anal stages Oral - infant primary source of gratification, Anal - particularly the sensational satisfaction of bowel movements and eventually The pleasure of controlling them Frederickson - trust and autonomy Trust - whether or not the world can be trusted to satisfy basic needs Autonomy - self rule over their own actions and bodies	172
5023863984	Cognitive theory	The ideal that infants develop "a working model of the self as valued, loved, competent" and "a working model of parents as emotionally available, loving, sensitive, and supportive."	173
5023863985	Evolution theory	Stresses to need; survival and reproduction. The idea that over human history attachments with proximity so you can contact maintaining caregivers promoted species survival.	174
5023863986	Describe the importance of the social context in which infants emotions develop.	Toddlers and infants are taught by their caregivers depending on their cultural context what type of emotions they are supposed to put tray. Whether that be pride, lack of pride, individuality, or being like the rest, the importance of what emotions and thought processes they put first depend on their caregivers examples.	175
5023863987	Why have research studies found that children are generally not harm by, and sometimes benefit from, non-maternal care?	Children are usually raise more successfully with aloe care, being raised by more than one caregiver that is not biologically related to you, because it gives the mother help and time to continue to raise more offspring. Mama needs a break.	176
5023863988	Five factors that are essential to high quality daycare	1) adequate attention to each infant. 2) encouragement of language and sensory motor development. 3) attention to health and safety. 4) professional caregivers. 5) warmer responsive caregivers.	177
5023863989	When Mike daycare be detrimental to a child?	The main concern is that some infants with extensive nine maternal care will become work rest of the hyperactive later on. This seems particularly likely for unregulated care. For genetic and family million reasons, the choice of how to provide the best care for and it varies from case to case due to differential sensitivity.	178

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The Developing Person Through The Life Span Flashcards

PSY 106

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6002626980	What does the science of human development seek to understand?	how and why people change over time	0
6002626981	Which of the following is TRUE of the scientific method?	Research findings should be made available to other scientists.	1
6002626982	Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of:	both nature and nurture	2
6002626983	Language learning is considered a:	sensitive period	3
6002626984	An example of psychosocial development is	social skills	4
6002626985	As we age, losses occur in some domains, while gains are made in others. This is consistent with the ____________ nature of development.	multidirectional	5
6002626986	Of the following theories, which places the greatest emphasis on the interaction between genes and the environment?	epigenetic	6
6002626987	Psychoanalytic theory originated with:	Sigmund Freud	7
6002626988	Each of Erikson's developmental stages is characterized by a particular challenge or	developmental crisis.	8
6002626989	The industry versus inferiority stage, children try to	master new skills	9
6002626990	The primary focus of behaviorism is:	behavior	10
6002626991	Pavlov's experiment in which he conditioned dogs to salivate after hearing a bell demonstrated what he called	classical conditioning	11
6002626992	In social learning theory, modeling is a process by which people:	observe the actions of others and then copy them	12
6002626993	A feeling of self-confidence that an individual develops when he or she has high aspirations and notable achievements is	self-efficacy	13
6002626994	Piaget was primarily interested in:	how children think.	14
6002626995	Which of the following is associated with Urie Brofenbrenner?	microsystems exosystems macrosystems	15
6002626996	Which of the following is an example of an exosystem?	church	16
6002626997	In order to establish what causes a behavior, what research method must be used?	an experiment	17
6002626998	What is the first step of the scientific method?	pose a question	18
6002626999	In the science of human development, "nurture" refers to:	environmental influences	19
6002627000	Jada, age 5, is learning to speak Dutch. What is the primary domain of development?	cognitive	20
6002627001	The distinctive characteristic of development that says that change does not always occur in a straight line is	multidirectional.	21
6002627002	Language learning is considered a:	sensitive period.	22
6002627003	What does "socioeconomic status" refer to?	social class	23
6002627004	Epigenetic theory arises from:	biology, genetics, and neuroscience.	24
6002627005	Development is the result of an interaction between biological and environmental forces. This statement most closely describes:	epigenetic theory.	25
6002627006	Cells in an observer's brain that respond to an action performed by someone else in the same way they would if the observer had done the action are:	mirror neurons.	26
6002627007	According to Freud, each stage of development in the first six years is characterized by	sexual pleasure.	27
6002627008	A major difference between Erikson and Freud is that:	Freud emphasized psychosexual development, whereas Erikson emphasized psychosocial development	28
6002627009	At what age does Erikson's stage of identity versus role confusion occur?	adolescence	29
6002627010	Behaviorists are also referred to as:	learning theorists	30
6002627011	The type of learning in which a reinforcer or punishment follows a particular behavior is called	operant conditioning.	31
6002627012	Because of his hard work, Roman is a successful member of his high school debate team. He looks forward to his future success on the college debate team. This is an example of:	self-efficacy.	32
6002627013	In which of Piaget's stages would one expect to see the development of an interest in ethics, politics, and social and moral issues?	formal operational (p. 23, Table 1.5)	33
6002627014	Throughout his life, Bronfenbrenner:	emphasized studying humans in natural settings. (p. 24)	34
6002627015	The microsystem includes:	family and peers.	35
6002627016	In an experiment, tests of significance are used to:	indicate whether the results might have occurred by chance. (p. 26, Table 1.6)	36
6002627017	based on observation, experience, or experiment; not theoretical.	empirical	37
6002627018	a method of testing hypotheses by unobtrusively watching and recording participants' behavior in a systematic and objective manner, either in a laboratory or in a natural setting.	scientific observation	38
6002627019	a research method in which the researcher tries to determine the cause-and-effect relationship between two variables by manipulating one variable (called the independent variable) and then observing and recording the resulting changes in the other variable (called the dependent variable)	experiment	39
6002627020	a hybrid research method in which researchers first study several groups of people of different ages, and then follow those groups over the years.	cross-sequential research	40
6002627021	a research design that compares groups of people who differ in age but are similar in other important characteristics.	cross-sectional research	41
6002627022	a view of human development as always changing.	dynamic-systems theory	42
6002627023	A group defined by the shared age of its members. Each cohort was born at about the same time and moves through life together, experiencing the same historical events and cultural shifts	cohort	43
6002627024	in-cludes cultural values, political philosophies, economic patterns, and social conditions.	macrosystems	44
6002627025	refer to interactions among systems, as when parents	mesosystem	45
6002627026	brain cells that respond to actions performed by someone else, as if the observer had done that action.	mirror neurons	46
6002627027	in an experiment, the variable that is introduced to see what effect it has.	independent variable	47
6002627028	in an experiment, the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation the experimenter adds.	dependent variable	48
6002627029	a research method in which information is collected from a large number of people by interviews, written questionnaires, or some other means.	survey	49
6002627030	A group that exists within most educational and medical institutions whose purpose is to ensure that research follows established guidelines and remains ethical.	Institutional Review Board ( IRB)	50
6002627031	a research design in which the same individuals are followed over time and their development is repeatedly assessed.	longitudinal research	51
6002627032	Vygotsky	guided participation is how culture is taught.	52

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ap english language terms Flashcards

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6632833818	allegory	Device of using story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning	0
6632840503	allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presemably commonly known, such as events, book, myth, place or work of arts.	1
6632842113	ambiguity	The multiple meaning, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or a passage	2
6632866547	antecedent	The word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun(代词）	3
6632870487	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral priciple.	4
6632878090	apostrophe	a figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginery person or a personified abstratcion, such as lover or liberty	5
6632895268	colloquial	The use of slang or informalities in writing	6
6632919738	conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metagphor or surprisingly dissimiliar objects.	7
6632925680	denotation	Opposite toward connotation. Focus on the literal definition of the word.	8
6632932302	didactic	teaching or instructing	9
6632936682	euphemism	an less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or consept.	10
6632941121	figurative speech	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literary meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid	11
6632947538	homily	A generalization term in which encompasses any serious talk, speech, or lecture.	12
6632964123	imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion through appealing to different senses.	13
6632971310	invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	14
6632974894	dramatic irony	Occur when a character in the play did not aware of a fact that we readers know	15
6632978882	litote	A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative statement by denying its opposite.	16
6633026851	metonymy	A figure of speech in which the name of a object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	17
6633036973	oxymoron	A figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to sugest a paradox. EG: jumbo shrimp	18
6633043924	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity	19
6633049058	anaphora	The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentense to spark sympathy. EG: O LORD, rebuke me not in thine anger, neither chasten me in thy hot displeasure. Have mercy upon me, O LORD; for I am weak: O LORD, heal me; for my bones are vexed. My soul is also sore vexed: but thou, O LORD, how long?"	20
6633081985	parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	21
6633087447	periodic sentence	Opposite of loose sentence. It present the main idea at the end of the clause.	22
6633108095	prose	a form of speech that has no formal metrical structures	23
6633145124	subject complement	The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or complete, the subject of the senence by 1. renaming it. 2. describing it	24
6633156504	syllogism	a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion	25
6633173632	synecdoche	A figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent the whole.	26
6633191143	synesthesia	When one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another	27

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AP Tone Words #1 Flashcards

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4974209671	Acerbic	adj. Sour or bitter in taste	0
4974209672	Aloof	adj. Remote in manner	1
4974209673	Apprehensive	adj. In fear or dread or possible evil or harm	2
4974209674	Apathetic	adj. Showing little or no emotion or animation	3
4974209675	Ambivalent	adj. Uncertain or unable to decide about what course to follow	4
4974209676	Audacious	adj. Disposed to venture or take risks	5
4974209677	Banal	adj. Repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse	6
4974209678	Bellicose	adj. Having or showing a ready disposition to fight	7
4974209679	Brusque	adj. Marked by rude or peremptory shortness	8
4974209680	Bucolic	adj. Devoted to raising sheep or cattle. Rustic	9
4974209681	Callous	adj. Emotionally hardened	10
4974209682	Candid	adj. Openly straightforward and direct without secretiveness	11
4974209683	Capricious	adj. Determined by chance or impulse rather than by necessity	12
4974209684	Conciliatory	adj. Making or willing to make concessions	13
4974209685	Condescending	adj. Characteristic of those who treat others with arrogance	14
4974209686	Contemptuous	adj. Expressing extreme scorn	15
4974209687	Caustic	adj. Capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action	16
4974209688	Cautionary	adj. Serving to warn	17
4974209689	Choleric	adj. Characterized by anger	18
4974209690	Churlish	adj. Having a bad disposition; surly	19
4974209691	Cynical	adj. Believing the worst of human nature and motives	20
4974209692	Demoralized	adj. Made less hopeful or enthusiastic	21
4974209693	Demure	adj. Affectedly shy especially in a playful or provocative way	22
4974209694	Diffident	adj. Showing modest reserve	23
4974209695	Dilatory	adj. Wasting time	24
4974209696	Disdainful	adj. Showing arrogant superiority to those one views as unworthy	25
4974209697	Didactic	adj. Instructive; especially excessively	26
4974209698	Derisive	adj. Expressing contempt or ridicule	27
4974209699	Earnest	adj. Characterized by a firm, humorless belief in one's opinions	28
4974209700	Ebullient	adj. Joyously unrestrained	29
4974209701	Eclectic	adj. Selecting what seems best of various styles or ideas	30
4974209702	Effusive	adj. Uttered with unrestrained enthusiasm	31
4974209703	Enervating	adj. Causing weakness or debilitation	32

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AP Language & Composition: Vocabulary 2 Flashcards

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7406433782	ameliorate	to improve or make better	0
7406435889	aplomb	poise, self confidence	1
7406437899	bombastic	pompous, over the top, not necessary	2
7406441112	callow	without experience	3
7406442898	drivel	hogwash, meaning nothing to another but something to you	4
7406447966	epitome	summary, model, archetype	5
7406450020	exhort	to urge strongly, entreat	6
7406452750	ex officio	virtue of holding a high position	7
7406456297	infringe	to step in, to intrude	8
7406458199	ingratiate	to make one's self agreeable, cozy up to	9
7406461461	interloper	one who moves in when not wanted, meddler	10
7406464644	intrinsic	beloning to someone, organic	11
7406468352	inveigh	to make a violent attack, rail	12
7406470480	lassitude	weariness of body and mind, lack of energy, fatigue	13
7406473441	millenium	a period of a thousand years, peace	14
7406476466	occult	mysterious, magical, supernatural	15
7406479826	permeate	to spread through	16
7406485236	stringent	strict, severe; stern	17
7406486889	precipitate	to fall, or cause to bring forth suddenly; produce	18
7406490078	surmise	to think or believe; infer	19

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