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AP World History- Chapter 1 Vocab Flashcards

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7379628263Hunting and gatheringmeans of obtaining subsistence by humans before the mastery of sedentary agriculture; normally typical of tribal social organization0
7379628264Civilizationsocieties with reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, along with merchant and manufacturing groups1
7379628265Paleolithicthe OLD STONE AGE ending in 12,000 B.C.E.; typified by use of evolving stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence2
7379628266Neolithicthe NEW STONE AGE between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domestication of plants and animals accomplished3
7379628267Nomadscattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies4
7379628268Culturecombinations of ideas, objects, and patterns of behavior that result from human social interaction5
7379628269Homo Sapiensthe species of humanity that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic6
7379628270Agrarian revolutionoccurred between 8000 and 5000 B.C.E.; transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture7
7379628271Pastoralisma nomadic agricultural lifestyle based on herding domesticated animals; tended to produce independent people capable of challenging sedentary agricultural societies8
7379628272Catal Huyukearly urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population than Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification9
7379628273Bronze Agefrom 4000 to 3000 B.C.E.; increased use of plow, metalworking, development of wheeled vehicles, writing10
7379628274Mesopotamialiterally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris-Euphrates river valleys11
7379628275Potter's wheela technological advance in pottery making; invented circa 6000 B.C.E.; encouraged faster and higher-quality ceramic pottery products12
7379628276Sumerianspeople who migrated into Mesopotamia circa 4000 B.C.E.; created the first civilization within the region; organized area into city-states13
7379628277Cuneiforma form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets14
7379628278City-statea form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilization; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king15
7379628279Zigguratsmassive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple connections16
7379628280Babylonian Empireunified all of Mesopotamia circa 1800 B.C.E.; collapsed due to foreign invasion circa 1600 B.C.E.17
7379628281Hammurabithe most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law18
7379628282Pharaohthe term used to denote the kings of ancient Egypt; the term, "great house" refers to the palace of the pharaohs19
7379628283Pyramidsmonumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs20
7379628284Hieroglyphsform of writing developed in ancient Egypt; more pictorial than Mesopotamian cuneiform21
7379628285Kushafrican state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile circa 1000 B.C.E.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries22
7379628286Monotheismthe exclusive worship of one god; introduced by Jews into Middle Eastern civilization23
7379628287Phoeniciansseafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean24
7379628288Harappa and Mohenjo Daromajor urban complexes of Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern25
7379628289Aryansindo-european nomadic, warlike, pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization26
7379628290Huanghe (Yellow) River Basinsite of the development of sedentary agriculture in China27
7379628291Shang1st Chinese dynasty28
7379628292Oraclesshamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpreting animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones led to Chinese writing29
7379628293Ideographic writingpictograph characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing30
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AP World History Chapter 5 Vocabulary Flashcards

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5804460398Aspasia and PericlesA foreign woman resident in Athens (ca. 470-400 B.C.E.) who was famed for her learning and wit. She was the partner of the statesman Pericles, who worked to extend the rights of Athenian citizens.0
5804460399Caste as varna and jatiThe system of social organization in India that has evolved over millennia; it is based on an original division of the populace into four inherited classes (varna), with the addition of thousands of social distinctions based on occupation (jatis), which became the main cell of social life in India. (pron.VAR-nah /JAH-tee)1
5804460400China's scholar-gentry classA term used to describe members of China's landowning families, reflecting their wealth from the land and the privilege that they derived as government officials.2
5804460401Empress WuThe only female "emperor" in Chinese history (r. 690-705 C.E.), Empress Wu patronized scholarship, worked to elevate the position of women, and provoked a backlash of Confucian misogynist invective.3
5804460402Greek and Roman slaveryIn the Greek and Roman worlds, slaves were captives (and their descendants) from war and piracy, abandoned children, and the victims of long-distance trade; manumission was common. Among the Greeks, household service was the most common form of slavery, but in parts of the Roman state, thousands of slaves were employed under brutal conditions in the mines and on great plantations.4
5804460403HelotsThe dependent, semi-enslaved class of ancient Sparta whose social discontent prompted the militarization of Spartan society.5
5804460404PericlesA prominent and influential statesman of ancient Athens (ca. 495-429 B.C.E.), he presided over Athens's Golden Age. (pron. PEAR-ih-klees)6
5804460405"ritual purity"In Indian social practice, the idea that members of higher castes must adhere to strict regulations limiting or forbidding their contact with objects and members of lower castes to preserve their own caste standing and their relationship with the gods.7
5804460406SpartacusA Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history (73-71B.C.E.).8
5804460407The "three obediences"In Chinese Confucian thought, the notion that a woman is permanently subordinate to male control: first to her father, then to her husband, and finally to her son.9
5804460408Wang MangA Han court official who usurped the throne and ruled from 8 C.E.-23 C.E.; noted for his reform movement that included the breakup of large estates. (pron. wahng mahng)10
5804460409Yellow Turban RebellionA massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony.11
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AP World History Chapter 6 Test Review Flashcards

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5269629270IslamSubmission to the will of Allah //A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah)// law written in the Quran.// Followers are called Muslims.//0
5269629271AllahIslamic god (only god)1
5269629272Muslimfollower of the Islamic religion.//strict monotheists2
5269629273MuhammadArab prophet// founder of religion of Islam// Gabriel conveyed the word of god in the form of the Koran// Born in A.D. 570 // Died in A.D. 6323
5269629274Qur'anThe holy book containing Allah's revelations// // ca. 610 and his death in 632// the sacred text of the religion of Islam.4
5269629275bedouinArab nomads// camels// ruled by shaykhs5
5269629276shaykhsleaders of the tribes and clans6
5269629277Meccaholy city in western Arabia// birthplace of Muhammad// ritual center of the Islamic religion// Ka'ba7
5269629278Umayyad(661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate// once persecuted muhammad8
5269629279QurayshTribe of bedouins that controlled Mecca in 7th century BCE// contained the umayyads9
5269629280Ka'baone of the most revered religious shrines in pre-Islamic Arabia10
5269629281MedinaThe city of the prophet (Muhammed)11
5269629282Khadijahthe widow of a wealthy merchant// wife of Muhammad// first to hear about relevations12
5269629283AliMuhammad's son in law// caliph of shiite13
5269629284ummathe community of the faithful, transcended old tribal boundaries14
5269629285zakatPurification adn growth //a tax for charity15
5269629286five pillars- Decleration of faith (shahada) - Mandatory prayer 5 times a day (salat) - Charitable donations; Almsgiving (zakat) - Fasting during Ramadan (Sawm) - Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj) //These must be performed to be considered an acceptable muslim16
5269629287RamadanHoly month of fasting// period of self- purification// no eating from sunrise to sunset17
5269629288hajjpilgrimage to Mecca// must be done at least once in a muslims lifetime// if done, hajj can be added to thier name18
5269629289the caliphthe political and religious successor to Muhammad19
5269629290Abu BakrMuhammed's biffle //expands muslim faith//caliph from 632 to 634//20
5269629291Ridda WarsWars that followed Muhammad's death in 632//resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans// restored unity of Islam and arabian tribes21
5269629292jihadsto stuggle physically and mentally// war waged for Allah// primary duty of all muslims22
5269629295UthmanThird caliph and member of Umayyad clan// murdered by mutinous warriors returning from Egypt// death set off civil war in Islam between followers of Ali and the Umayyad clan23
5269629296Battle of SiffinFought in 657 between forces of Ali and Umayyads// Ali almost won, but lostafter accpeting a plea for meditation// settled by negotiation that led to fragmentation of Ali's party24
5269629297Mu'awiyasecond caliph of Umayyad Dynasty, 660-68025
5269629298SunnisPolitical and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads26
5269629299Shi'aa Muslim group that accepts only the descendants of Muhammed// followers of his son-in-law Ali27
5269629300Karbalasite of the defeat and death of Husayn, the son of Ali (680)28
5269629301Damascusthe political center of community under the Umayyads// capitol29
5269629302mawaliMuslim converts30
5269629303jizyahead tax31
5269629304dhimmi"people of the book"32
5269629305hadithstraditions of the prophet33
5269629306Abbasid partyparty that traced its decent from Muhammad's uncle, al-Abbas// challengers of Umayyads34
5269629307Battle on the River ZabVictory of Abbasids over Umayyads// resulted in conquest of Syria and capture of Umayyad capital// slaughtered all umayyads//35
5269629308BaghdadAbbasid capital//Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient// Persian capital of Ctesiphon36
5269629309wazirchief administrator and head of the caliph's inner councils37
5269629310dhowssailing vessels with lateen (triangular) sails// carried goods to be traded38
5269629311ayana wealthy and deeply entrenched landed elite// Abbasid// landlord39
5269677021mosqueplace of worship for muslims40
5269682261hijraMuhammad flees Mecca to Medina41
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AP World History Chapter 2 Vocab Flashcards

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7106287761DesertificationThe gradual transformation of habitable land into desert, caused by deforestation, overfarming and overgrazing, among other things.0
7106289899Division of LaborDivision of work into a number of separate tasks to be performed by different workers.1
7106290687TheocratsRuler in both religion and government.2
7106295345Indo-Europeanlargest language family which makes up 48% of the world's modern languages.3
7106296083FeudalismA system of government based on landowners and tenants.4
7106298441Environmental DegradationDestruction of the natural environment.5
7106298747BarterTo trade and negotiate for goods and/or services.6
7106304452Golden AgeA period during which a society attains prosperity and cultural achievements.7
7106308957PapyrusA reed plant that grew wild along the Nile used to make ancient Egyptian paper.8
7106311423Mandate of HeavenIn Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority.9
7106315006DeforestationThe removal of trees for land and lumber which can lead to erosion and desertification.10
7106317394PolytheisticTo believe in many deities.11
7106322048Ancestor VenerationThe practice of praying to one's ancestors.12
7106324073Alphabetic ScriptA list of letters/symbols making an alphabet which may be used for one or more languages. The Phoenicians are known for one of the first.13
7106334056EmpireA society under an emperor, a dictator.14
7106338594LoessFine, yellowish-brown topsoil made up of particles of silt and clay, carried by the wind.15
7106339983ZigguratsTemples built by Sumerians to honor the deities they worshiped.16
7106340940CuneiformA form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets.17
7106341822SanskritThe ancient language of the Hindus.18
7106342621City-statesLarge settlements such as Sparta and Athens which have their own governments and laws but are actually part of a larger country or society.19
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AP World History key concepts unit 3 Flashcards

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10235514818How did trade networks in the post-classical era compare to the classical era?widening of old and new networks of human interaction within and across regions, innovations in transportation, state policies and mercantile practices contributed to the expansion and development of commercial networks, which in turn served as conduits for cultural, technological, and biological diffusion in societies.0
10235514819What new technologies, governmental policies, and merchant activities accompanied these developments?improved transportation technologies and commercial practices led to an increased volume of trade, and expanded the geographical range of existing and newly-active trade networks.1
10235514820What role did pastoral and nomadic groups play in these trade networks?pastoral and nomadic groups helped create and sustain these networks an example would be the Mongols2
10235514821How did the physical size of post-classical trade networks compare to the previous era?expanding networks fostered greater inter-regional borrowing while at the same time sustaining regional diversity. Expansion of existing empires facilitated trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors' economies and trade networks3
10235514822What classical era trade networks continued during the post-classical era, and which new cities were added during the post-classical era?Existing trade routes flourished including the Silk Roads, the Mediterranean Sea, trans-Saharan and the Indian Ocean, and promoted the growth of powerful new trading cities. ex. Novgorod, TImbuktu, Swahili city-states, Hangzhou, Calicut, Baghdad, Melaka, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia.4
10235514823What new trade networks developed?trade routes between mesoamerica and the Andes developed also trade routes over the Indian Ocean and over the Sahara5
10235514824What new technologies enabled the growth of inter-regional trade networksgrowth of inter-regional trade in luxury goods, encouraged by significant innovations in previously-existing transportation and commercial technologies, including more sophisticated caravan organization, use of compass, astrolabe, and larger ship designs in sea travel and new forms of credit and monetization ex. bills of exchange, credit, checks or banking houses.6
10235514825What factors encouraged commercial growth in the post classical era?commercial growth was also facilitate by state practices, trading organizations, and state sposored commercial infrastructures7
10235514826How did the expansion of empires and trade networks affect the relationship between peoples inside versus outside those "zones?"expansion of existing empires facilitated trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors' economies8
10235514827What were the effects of migrationthe movement of peoples caused environmental and linguistic effects9
10235514828What basic understanding of environment and technology did post classical traders need to conduct their businessexpansion and intensification of long-distance trade routes often depended on peoples' understanding of a particular regional environment and their subsequent technological adaptations 1. Scandinavian vikings used their longboats to travel in coastal and open water as well as rivers and estuaries 2. Arabs and Berbers adapted camels to travel across and around the Sahara 3. Central Asian pastoral groups used horses to travel in the steppes10
10235514829What were the environmental effects of migrationmigration of the agricultural Bantu-speaking peoples who facilitated transmission of iron technologies in Sub-Saharan Africa, maritime migrations of the Polynesian peoples who cultivated transplanted foods and domesticated animals as they moved to new islands11
10235514830What were the linguistic effects of migration in the post-classical era?migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffusion of languages throughout a new region or the emergence of new languages12
10235514831How did trade networks as a whole develop in the post classical era?cross-cultural exchanges were fostered by the intensification of existing or the creation of new networks of trade and communication13
10235514832Why and where did Muslim trade networks change?Islam developed in the Arabian Peninsula from the interactions among Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians with the local peoples and expanded to many parts of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion and the activities of merchants and missionaries14
10235514833What institutions did merchants create to foster both trade and cultural diffusion in the post-classical era?merchants set up diaspora communities where they introduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous culture 1. Muslims merchant communities in the Indian Ocean region 2. Chinese merchant communities in Southeast Asia 3. Sogdian merchant communities throughout Central Asia 4. Jewish communities in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin, or along the Silk Roads15
10235514834How well did post-classical societies know and understand each other?writings of certain inter-regional travelers illustrate both the extent and the limitations of inter-cultural knowledge and understanding.16
10235514835How did post-classical trade affect the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions?increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary, artistic, and cultural traditions 1. the influence of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism in East Asia, Hinduism, and Buddhism in SE Asia 2. the influence of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia 3. influence of Toltec/ Mexica and Inca traditions in Meso and Andean America17
10235514836How did post-classical trade affect the diffusion of scientific and technological traditionsincreased cross cultural interactions also resulted in the diffusion of scientific and technological traditions 1. Greek and Indian mathematics on Muslim scholars 2. return of Greek science and philosophy to western Europe via Muslim al-Andaius in Iberia 3. spread of printing and gunpowder technologies from east Asia into the Islamic empires and into Western Europe18
10235514837What were the biological effects of post-classical trade?continued diffusion of crops and pathogens throughout the Eastern Hemisphere along the trade routes19
10235514838What new foods, crops, and agricultural practices diffused in the post classical eranew foods and agricultural techniques were adopted in populated areas 1. bananas in Africa 2. new rice varieties in East Asia 3. spread of cotton 4. sugar and citrus throughout Dar-al Islam and the Mediterranean basin20
10235514839What diseases and pathogens also spread via post-classical trade networksspread of epidemic diseases, including the Black Death, followed the well established paths of trade and military conquests21
10235514840How did state forms develop in the post-classical era?demonstrated remarkable continuity, innovation and diversity in various regions. In Afro-Eurasia states attempted with differing degrees of success to preserve or revive imperial structures, while smaller, less-centralized states continued to develop. Islam introduced a new concept-the caliphate- to Afro-Eurasian statecraft. Pastoral peoples in Eurasia built powerful and agrarian worlds22
10235514841How did post-classical states avoid the mistakes of classical empires in the regions where classical empires collapsedgovernments following the collapse of empires combined traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to the current circumstances 1. new methods of taxation 2. tributary system 3. adaptation of religious institutions23
10235514842What new forms of governance emerged in the post-classical eranew forms of governance emerged including those developed in various Islamic states 1. Abbasids 2. Muslim Iberia 3. Delhi sultanates 4. Southeast Asia24
10235514843How and where did governmental diffusion occur in the post-classical erasome states synthesized local and borrowed traditions 1.Persian traditions influencing Islamic states 2. Chinese traditions influencing Japan25
10235514844How did states in the Americas develop in the post- classical eranetworks of city-states flourished in the Maya region, at the end of this period, imperial systems were created by the Mexica and Inca26
10235514845What technological and cultural exchanges did states encourage in the post-classical erainter-regional contacts and coflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers 1. Tang China and the Abbasids 2. Across the Mogol empires 3. Crusades27
10235514846What were the overall worldwide economic trends in the post classical erashifts in production and the increased volume of trade stimulated new labor practices, including adaptation of existing patterns of free and coerced labor. Social and gender structures evolved in response to these changes.28
10235514847What new innovations affected agriculture in the post-classical eraagricultural production increased significantly due to technological innovations 1. champa rice varieties 2. chinampa field systems 3. waru waru raised field cultivation in the Andean areas 4. improved terracing techniques 5. horse collar29
10235514848How and why did crops migrate during the post-classical era?In response to increasing demand in Afro-Eurasia for foreign luxury goods, crops were transported from their indigenous homelands to equivalent climates in other regions30
10235514849How did textile and porcelain production develop in the post-classical era?expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export ex. industrial production of iron and steel expanded in China31
10235514850Why did some post-classical urban areas decline?invasions, disease, the decline of agricultural productivity and the Little Ice Age32
10235514851why did some post-classical urban areas prosper and grow?Factors that contributed to urban revival included the end of invasions, the availability of sage and reliable transport, the rise of commerce and the warmer temperatures between 800 and 1300. Increased agricultural productivity and subsequent rising population and greater availability of labor also contributed to urban growth.33
10235514852What roles did cities play in their societies during the post-classical era?While cities in general continued to play the roles they had played in the past as governmental, religious and commercial centers, many older cities declined at the same time that numerous new cities took on these established roles.34
10235514853How did social and labor systems develop during the post classical era?Despite significant continuities in social structures and in methods of production, there were also some important changes in labor management and in the the effects of religious conversion on gender relations and family life.35
10235514854What pre-existing labor systems develop during the post-classical era?As in the previous period, the main forms of labor organization includedfree peasant agriculture, nomadic pastoralism, craft production and guild organization, along with various forms of coerved and unfree labor and government imposed labor taxes and military obligations.36
10235514855How did social and gender hierarchies develop in the post-classical era?As in the previous perid, social structures were shaped largely by class and caste hierarchies. partriarchy persisted; however, in some areas, women exercised more power and influence, most notably among the Mongols and in West Africa, Japan and Southeast Asia.37
10235514856What new labor froms developed in the post-classical era?New forms of coerced labor appeared including serfdom in Europe and Japan and the elaboration of the mit'a in the Inca Empire. Free peasants resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts (such as in China or the Byzantine Empire). The demand for slaves for both military and domestic purposes increased particularly in central Eurasia, parts of Africa and the eastern Meditteranean38
10235514857Who did gender roles and family structures change in the post-classical era?The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Neo-Confucianism often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure.39
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AP World History - Period 3 Flashcards

The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER

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6611545081Arab - Bedouinnomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats0
6611545082Arab - MeccaArabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam1
6611545083Mecca - Medinatown northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar2
6611545084Mecca - Umayyadclan of the Quraysh that dominated Mecca; later an Islamic dynasty3
6611545085Islam - Muhammad(570-632); prophet of Allah; originally a merchant of the Quraysh4
6611545086Islam - Qur'anthe word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam5
6611545087Islam - Ummacommunity of the faithful within Islam6
6611545088Islam - Five Pillarsthe obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca)7
6611545089Islam - Caliphthe successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community8
6611545090Islam - Alicousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism9
6611545091Islam - Abu Bakrsucceeded Muhammad as the first caliph10
6611545092Islam - JihadIslamic holy war11
6611545093Islam - Sunnisfollowers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads12
6611545094Islam - Shi'afollowers of Ali's interpretation of Islam13
6611545095Islam - Mawalinon-Arab converts to Islam14
6611545096Dhimmis"the people of the book"-- Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus15
6611545097Islam - Abbasidsdynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad16
6611545098Islam - Hadiths"traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam17
6611545099Wazirchief administrative official under the Abbasids18
6611545100Arab - DhowsArab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants19
6611545101Arab - Seljuk Turksnomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids20
6611545102Arab - Crusadesinvasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 129121
6611545103Islam - UlamaIslamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking22
6611545104Islam - SufisIslamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions23
6611545105Mongolscentral Asian nomadic peoples; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed the last Abbasid caliph24
6611545106Chinggis Khan(1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms25
6611545107MamluksRulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves26
6611545108Arabic numeralsIndian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West27
6611545109Shrivijayatrading empire based on the Malacca straits; its Buddhist government resisted Muslim missionaries; when it fell, southeastern Asia was opened to Islam28
6611545110Malaccaflourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya29
6611545111Malistate of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers30
6611545112Mansatitle of the ruler of Mali31
6611545113Arab - Ibn BattutaArab traveler throughout the Muslim world32
6611545114Sundiatacreated a unified state that became the Mali empire; died in 126033
6611545115Songhaysuccessor state to Mali; dominated middle reaches of the Niger valley; capital at Gao34
6611545116East African trading portsurbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar35
6611545117Great Zimbabwewith massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa36
6611545118Greek FireByzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople37
6611545119Iconsimages of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians38
6611545120Iconoclasmthe breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration39
6611545121ManzikertSeljuk Turk victory in 1071 over Byzantium; resulted in loss of the empire's rich Anatolian territory40
6611545122Cyril and MethodiusByzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic41
6611545123Kievcommercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c42
6611545124Ruriklegendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of Kievan Rus' in 85543
6611545125Vladmir Iruler of Kiev (980-1015); converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity44
6611545126Russian OrthodoxyRussian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire45
6611545127TatarsMongols who conquered Russian cities during the 13th c; left Russian church and aristocracy intact46
6611545128Middle Agesthe period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c47
6611545129Gothican architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls48
6611545130Vikingsseagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily49
6611545131Manorialismrural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection50
6611545132Serfspeasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system51
6611545133Three-field systempractice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure52
6611545134ClovisKing of the Franks; converted to Christianity circa 49653
6611545135Carolingiansroyal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c54
6611545136Charles Martelfirst Carolingian king of the Franks; defeated Muslims at Tours in 73255
6611545137CharlemagneCarolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 80056
6611545138Holy Roman Emperorspolitical heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy57
6611545139Feudalismpersonal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service58
6611545140Vassalsmembers of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty59
6611545141William the Conquerorinvaded England from Normandy in 1066; established tight feudal system and centralized monarchy in England60
6611545142Magna CartaGreat charter issued by King John of England in 1215; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law61
6611545143Parliamentsbodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects62
6611545144Hundred Years Warconflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism.63
6611545145Pope Urban IIorganized the first Crusade in 1095; appealed to Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim control64
6611545146Investiturethe practice of appointment of bishops; Pope Gregory attempted to stop lay investiture, leading to a conflict with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV65
6611545147Gregory VII11th c pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops66
6611545148Thomas Aquinascreator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God67
6611545149Scholasticismdominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems68
6611545150Hanseatic Leaguean organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance69
6611545151Guildsassociations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities70
6611545152Black Deathbubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia71
6611545153Period of the Six Dynastiesera of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han72
6611545154Jinshititle given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office73
6611545155Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhismemphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia74
6611545156WuzongTang emperor (841-847); persecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism75
6611545157Southern Songsmaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history. Fell to the Mongols in 1276 and eventually taken over in 1279.76
6611545158Grand Canalgreat canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin77
6611545159JunksChinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula78
6611545160Flying moneyChinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency79
6611545161Footbindingmale imposed practice to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household; seen a beautiful to the elite.80
6611545162Taika reformsattempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army81
6611545163Fujiwaramid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power82
6611545164Bushiregional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies83
6611545165Samuraimounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor84
6611545166Seppukuritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor85
6611545167Gempei warsWaged for 5 years from 1180-1185, on the island of Honshu between Taira and Minamoto families; resulted in the destruction of Taira and also resulted in the feudal age86
6611545168Bakufumilitary government established by the Minamoto following Gempei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai87
6611545169Shogunsmilitary leaders of the bakufu88
6611545170Daimyoswarlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states89
6611545171Sinificationextensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions90
6611545172Yidynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence91
6611545173Trung Sistersleaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society92
6611545174Khmers and ChamsIndianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi93
6611545175Nguyensouthern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi94
6611545176Chinggis Khanborn in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols rise to world power; died 122795
6611545177Shamanistic religionMongol beliefs focused on nature spirits96
6611545178Batugrandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 123697
6611545179Golden Hordeone of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c98
6611545180Ilkhan khanateone of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire99
6611545181Hulegugrandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad100
6611545182MamluksMuslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260101
6611545183Kubilai Khangrandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271102
6611545184White Lotus Societysecret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty103
6611545185Ottoman EmpireTurkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire104
6611545186Ming Dynastyreplaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China105
6611545187Ethnocentrismjudging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history106
6611545188Muhammad's primary historical achievementspread of Islam107
6611545189Silk Road Trade system108
6611545190Kingdom of Mali109
6611545191Inca and Rome both hadextensive road systems110
6611545192Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place111
6611545193Champa Ricetributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase112
6611545194Diasporic communitiesmerchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas113
6611545195Trans Saharan tradeDominated my Muslims in 13th century after rise of Islamic caliphates..114
6611545196Effect of Muslim conquestscollapse of other empires, mass conversion115
6611545197Tang Dynastyfollowed Sui, established tributary states in Vietnam and Korea, influence Japan, Established strong Buddhist and Confucian presence116
6611545198Black Deathplague that originated with Mongols, led to mass population decrease in Europe, later weakened faith in Christian church and increased the power of serfs/peasants. Led partly to fall of Feudal structures in Europe.117
6611545199Indian Ocean Maritime Trade118
6611545200Cities that rose during this time due to increased tradeNovgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu119
6611545201Timbuktutrade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people120
6611545202New forms of monetizationChecks, Bills of Exchange121
6611545203Bantu Migrations122
6611545204footbindingbegan during Tang/Song era, demonstrates objectification and oppression of women, abolished during Yuan and brought back during Ming123
6611545205Marco Polotraveler/merchant from Europe who spend 17 years at court of Kublai Khan124
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AP World History Dr. Parnell Test 3 Flashcards

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5342631554Meroe (note that there needs to be two dots on the second e), Axum, Niger Riverwhat are 3 civilizations in Africa?0
5342648992Nile, monarch, women, urban, long-distance(referring to civilizations in Africa) Meroë is in the _______ Valley. They believed that their _____________ was a sacred and divine figure, and __________ can be this figure also. Meroë is __________ and it participated in ________-_____________ trade1
5342884484Roman, Christianity, Ethiopia, trade(referring to civilizations in Africa) Axum (in East Africa) (became later Abyssinia and Ethiopia) Trades with ____________ Empire. This means that _________________ was introduced into ______________ in approximately the 4th Century (because of interaction with this Empire). Axum participated in __________ routes also in the Indian Ocean2
5342925834city-based, economic(referring to civilizations in Africa) the Niger River was _______-_________, but no states. It is organized by ________________ specialization, which provided the organization3
5354541606Maya, Teotihuacan (accent on second a)what civilization was in Mesoamerica? What major city is in Mesoamerica?4
5354548872zero, calendars, eclipses, pyramids, terraced, writingCultural achievements of the Mayans (Maya - civilization in Mesoamerica) - in math, they created the ________. Studied astronomy and through that developed the ________________. Through astronomy they also studied ____________. The Mayans built ______________ and temples. The Mayans also built ______________ hillsides (changed the natural environment to support agriculture). The Mayans created the system of ___________5
5354567613streets, water, location, markets, religiousthere is evidence of planning in Teotihuacan (accent on second a) (major city in Mesoamerica)- planned out ___________, planned provision of a __________ supply, planning of the _____________, planning of the _____________, planned _____________ institutions (like built temples)6
5354583077urban, agriculturethe alternatives to civilization were not __________ and they were not states. They do have ________________, however7
5354598193BantuExample of these alternatives to civilization in Africa: -8
5354604512Africa, chiefs, kinship, nature, ancestors, spirit, witches(referring to alternatives to civilization in Africa) Bantu - migrated in ___________. They spread, language, agriculture, and iron. Basis of organizations in Bantu societies - _________ or ____________. Religion in the Bantu - focuses on ___________ and ______________. They believed that nature and ancestors existed as spirits. Women in the Bantu could be _________ mediums or _____________9
5354750742Ancestral Pueblo, Chaco, Mound Builders(referring to alternatives to civilization in America) Examples of the alternatives in North America (North America at this time still had gathering-hunting societies also) (3)10
5354768841kivas, road, underworld, eastern, Mississippi, supplemented, burials(referring to alternatives to civilization in America) Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) in the 7th and 8th centuries. Ancestral Pueblo had ceremonial pit structures called ________. Next alternative is Chaco. Chaco had _________ systems. These systems were believed to be connections to the __________________? (This was a guess, but not my guess. This is a guess for historians). Finally, the last alternative is Mound Builders, which is found in the _____________ woodlands in the _________________ river valley. They did have agriculture, but it only ____________________ the diet, which meant that they still needed to hunt/gather. Mounds - used for _____________11
5354809673Cahokia, corn(referring to alternatives to civilization in America) Example of a mound builder society: ______________, which had ________-based agriculture12
5354829552post classical, civilization, Byzantine, Chinese, Islam, cultures(referring to the time period; for text it is 500-1500 C.E., but for AP it is 600-1450 C.E.) ________ ____________ - 3rd wave. There is ongoing globalization of ______________ during this time. There are continuities including Roman civilizations going through the _______________ Empire and _____________ dynasties. The religion of _________ was during this time. This time period was also a period of greater interaction between _____________13
5354879424Silk Roadsfor Eurasia (most populated landmass at the time), they had trade routes called ________ __________ (plural)14
5354882915relayEurasia had _________ trade, which means that instead of trading far away from the hands of one, many people traded smaller distances which eventually made it to the far place///15
5354896195strong, stable, wealth, caravans, luxury, costly, difficult, silkConditions in which Eurasia trade flourished: - __________, __________ empires, which created protection of the people, which led to more _________ and thus more demand (these are political conditions). Another condition (for transportation condition): ____________. Mostly camels were used for bringing products. Condition: the Silk roads brought __________ goods because it is __________ to bring products on the Silk Roads, since it was ______________ to transport items using it. An example of a product transported via the Silk Roads (the major one): ________16
5357515819silk, silk, mulberry, women, menChina had a long monopoly on _______ because they had the ________ worms. These worms eat ____________ leaves, which come from a tree with the same name as the leaf. ___________ cared for the trees and the cocoons in which fibers were gathered. They were also responsible for weaving the fibers. ________ were involved in doing the trading of the silk17
5357561139porcelain, paperOther goods from China besides silk: _______________ and __________18
5357574032Buddhism(referring to cultures with the Silk Roads) Religion was spreading through the Silk Roads, specifically _______________19
5357585963central, east, equality, supplies, wealthy, Mahayana(referring to culture with the Silk Roads) Buddhism moved from_____________ and ________ Asia. Buddhism supported ____________, which also provided links for ____________. Buddhism itself modified by that it said it was okay to be _____________, which is a trend toward _________________ Buddhism20
5357629716diseases(referring to culture with the Silk Roads) there was also an exchange of _______________ (hint: not a religion)21
5357668341Mediterranean, Mediterranean, 1000, Indian(referring to the Sea Roads) Took place in the ______________________. With the fall of Rome the _____________________ trade went down but came back up? _________ onwards. Also took place in ____________ Ocean22
5357729035cinnamon, black pepper, cotton, ivory, gold(referring to the Sea Roads) Major goods in the area: Southeast Asia - some of its goods were spices like ________________; India - ___________ _____________, _____________; East Africa - ___________, ___________23
5361802927largerIt is easy to carry ____________ cargo on ships24
5361804351monsoonsIn order to trade on the sea roads, the people needed to learn the patterns of the __________________25
5361808638revival, reunification, Islam(referring to Sea Roads) Indian Ocean trade was enhanced by: a __________/_________________ of China, rise of __________26
5361820067Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam(referring to culture for Sea Roads) in Southeast Asia, the religions that were introduced were _____________, ________________, and __________27
5361821824Swahili, Islam(referring to culture for Sea Roads) in East Africa, they had the ______________ city-states.__________ was adopted by the East Africans28
5361823264inland, stone(referring to culture for Sea Roads) Great Zimbabwe had ___________ trade and had __________ enclosures29
5361826361Srivijaya(referring to culture for Sea Roads) between the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, there was the empire of ________________30
5361829896West, North(referring to Sand Roads: trans-Saharan trade) connected _________ Africa with _________ Africa31
5361833121camel, water, splayed(referring to Sand Roads: trans-Saharan trade) The people used the __________ for bringing goods through the Sahara. This animal didn't need to refresh the _________ supply for a while. Camels had ______________ feet, which gave them stability when walking on sand32
5361837857wealth, Timbuktu(referring to Sand Roads: trans-Saharan trade) This trade led to ___________, an example being ______________, which is an economic and cultural center33
5361841916Ghana, MaliThe wealth of this trans-Saharan trade led to two empires: __________ - its wealth and power came from trans-Saharan trade; and ________34
5361844434ivory, gold, slaves, salt(referrring to Sand Roads: trans-Saharan trade) West African goods: __________, ________, ___________, ________35
5361863298Angkor Watfor Sea-trade, we know that Hinduism was present because of the temple built for Hinduism: ___________ ______, which was in the Angkor kingdom in Southeast Asia36
5361865755regional, littleTrade in the Americas tended to have a ______________ pattern, not long distance, thus __________ cultural exchange37
5361867831vikings, forgotten_____________ - temporary/short-lived in America, thus the thought of America was ________________38
5361874557south, Yangzi, disunity, Han, Sui, Tang, Song, southern(referring to China) There was migration in China in the __________ toward the ___________ river. At this time, there was _____________ after the fall of the _______ dynasty. _______ dynasty, 589-618, reunified China. The _________ dynasty followed from 618-907. The _________ dynasty followed the the last dynasty from 960-1279. Halfway through this reign, the dynasty only happened in ______________ China39
5361883284examination, Confucianism, scholars(referring to government in China) China revived the _________________ system, which was based on ___________________. The hope for this examination system is to get _____________.40
5361888414personnel, finance, rites, war, justice, public worksStructure of the government in China - six ministries: __________________, ____________, ________ (has to do with rituals and ceremonies, which is how China interacted with the foreign), _______, ___________, and __________ _________ (infrastructure)41
5361897705growing, fast, drought, harvest, urban, markets, restaurants, inns(referring to economy in China) Population was ____________. In addition to that, _______-ripening, ____________-resistant rice was brought to China, which led to more ____________. The economy became more _________, which caused them to have more ____________. Cities also had __________________ and _______42
5361900849Hangzhou(referring to economy in China) ________________ was the city that had a population over a million43
5361910931Silk, canals, easier(referring to economy in China) Trade - participated in the ________ Roads. Rivers were used in ___________, which made travel __________44
5361913866iron, gunpowder, printing, silk, porcelain, tea(referring to economy in China) Main products of China - _______, ________________,_____________ technology, and, in terms of long distance trade, _______, ________________, and _______45
5361920911commercialized, paper, letters(referring to economy in China) under these stable dynasties, China was becoming more ____________________________. The definition of the word in the blank is the buying and selling using currency. Examples of currency: __________ money, __________ of credit46
5361941608trade (unsure if this is correct)(referring to economy in China) __________ was characterized by prosperity47
5361946623patriarchy, subordinate(referring to gender in China) ______________ was renewed. Women were expected to be __________________48
5361949252calligraphy, poetry, scholarship, weak, greater(referring to gender in China) Men (what they did, or their activities) - _________________, __________, ____________________. Women - seen as _________ or delicate. They had ____________ property rights49
5361954913upper, beauty, status, break, wrap(referring to gender in China) Foot binding - meant for the _________ class. Symbol for ___________ and _________. For foot binding, the people _________ the woman's foot and ________ it up50
5361980850pastoral, meat, hides, horses, grain, grain(referring to northern nomads in relation to China) Northern nomads are ______________, which means they have livestock, which leads to ________ and _________. The nomads rode on ___________. Nomads had these things already mentioned, but they needed to trade for _________ because they didn't have it in their society. China had _________51
5362049639tribute, nomads, superiority, rituals, kowtow, gifts, raids, equals, Xiongnu, Jurchen, goods, Chinese(referring to northern nomads in relation to China) China had the ____________ system in which they traded with others, including the _____________. In theory - in the tribute system, China had __________________ and to acknowledge that people had to perform __________ like bowing, they also had ____________ and ________, which finally led to China trading with them. In practice, ________ were carried out by nomads. The nomads were strong enough so that they were treated as __________ to China. Examples of nomadic groups who raided China were the _____________ and the ____________. In order to stop the nomads, China had to pay them via __________, but eventually because of this the nomads adopted _____________ ways52
5363059493independent, Buddhism, Confucianism, Confucianism, China, marriage, alphabet, slaves(referring to Chinese influence and cultural uniqueness of places in East Asia) Korea - was sometimes conquered but mostly ____________________. Chinese influence in Korea - _________________ and ____________________ spread to Korea. ____________________ included the exam system. Korea also modeled their capital city on __________'s capital city. For women, women had no choice in their _______________. Unique about Korea in relation to China (what they had that China didn't) - had its own ______________, had ___________53
5363078415several, Buddhism, Confucianism, Daoism, examination, Confucianism, Confucian, language, clothing, Vietnamese, deities, Buddha, spouse, wife(referring to Chinese influence and cultural uniqueness of places in East Asia) Vietnam - part of China for _____________ centuries. Chinese influence in Vietnam - _______________, __________________, and ____________ spread to Vietnam. Vietnam adopted the ____________________ system, since they adopted ____________________ and this system had ________________ ideas. Vietnam was influence by _______________ and _____________ styles. Unique about Vietnam in relation to China (what they had that China didn't) - kept their __________________ language, females could be represented as ____________ or the ____________. Women participated in choosing a ___________ and a man could live with the _______'s family54
5363113903choice, Buddhism, Confucianism, rituals, taxes, China, writing, constitution, Shinto, sun, spirits(referring to Chinese influence and cultural uniqueness of places in East Asia) Japan - not conquered by China, thus Japan had more __________ in borrowing cultural influence. This happened largely from the 7th-9th centuries. Chinese influence in Japan - ______________ and ____________________ was adopted, __________ and __________ were also adopted. Japan created a capital city based on the capital city of __________. They completely changed their ___________ system to resemble that of China, and they based their __________________ on that of China's. Unique about Japan in relation to China (what they had that China didn't) - had a different religion: __________, the idea of the imperial family being from the ______ goddess. Japan's different religion had the idea of ___________55
5363155612silk,(referring to China and Eurasia) China is participating in the ______ roads (these roads go across Eurasia)56
5363161818paper, print, iron plow, horse collar, wheelbarrow, rudder, compass, gunpowder(referring to China and Eurasia) China made technological advances that others borrowed: _________, _________ (hint: these first 2 can go together in one category), _______ ________, __________ _________, ___________________ (hint: these three are agricultural advancements), ____________ (for ships), magnetic ______________, ___________________57
5363181610fast-ripening, cotton, sugar, wealth(referring to China and Eurasia) Technological advancements that came to China (not from China): _______-_______________ rice, process _____________ and __________, ____________ (note: these advancements are economic achievements)58
5363198181Mahayana, monks, nuns, family, family, Confucianism, monk, nun, opportunities, Chinese, wealth, celibacy(referring to China and Eurasia) Cultural achievements coming to China: Buddhism spread, specifically __________________ Buddhism. Reaction against Buddhism: Buddhism supported women _________ and ________. This idea doesn't support _________, and __________ is a major concept in _____________________, and being a _________ or _______ provided women with ___________________. China also doesn't like that Buddhism is foreign and not ____________. ___________ is being taken away from the local temples and monasteries. - _______________ - taking away from the emphasis on family59
5363222758Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta(referring to their different points of view) _________ ________ had a focus on markets, economy, and goods. However, __________ __________ focused on religion, particularly prayer60
5363237532Marco Polo, Hangzhou, Ibn Battuta(referring to their different points of view) __________ ________ is from a merchant family from the city of Venice, thus he focuses on markets, economy, and goods. This person is reporting on ________________. _________ _________, however, was an Islamic scholar, so he was interested in how people practiced Islam61
5363248328Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo(referring to their different points of view) _________ __________ pays attention to rituals, while ___________ _________ payed attention to everyday trade62
5363254334Marco Polo, Christianity, Ibn Battuta, Islam, Islamic, Islamic(referring to their different points of view) ___________ __________ was an outsider in China, which was part of the Mongol Empire, because his local religion, _________________, was not present in China, thus everything is different. Since it is different from his religion, he can praise it (he is in no position to criticize since they have nothing in common, no ideal way to act) __________ __________, however, was always traveling in areas where his local religion, __________, is present (there are always similar features of the areas). Because this man is ___________, he is respected wherever he goes, but also since he is ___________ he has the right to criticize how they practiced the religion63
5363318197new(referring to their different points of view) Both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta traveled to a place that was ______ to them (I do not know how this is important)64
5363320540shocked, allurement(referring to their different points of view) Both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta described women, but Ibn Battuta was more ______________ on how women acted (with their religion having women naked, for example) than that of Marco Polo, who witnessed women who were skilled in __________________ (difference and similarity)65
5363331133Asia, trade routes(referring to their different points of view) Both Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta traveled in ________ (Ibn Battuta also traveled in Africa) because they traveled along the _________ __________, which referenced the spread of culture66
5363371915samuraipart of a class in Japan that served the daimyo (their lords) (definition)67
5363380515magistrates, managers, warriorsThe samurai served as ___________________, _________________, and _______________68
5363387563bushido, honor______________ - the ideals for conduct of a samurai. The main focus of the samurai was to act with __________69
5363391901educated, respect, plan, calm, honest, parents, deathCharacteristics of a samurai: _______________ (with Confucianism, as it was a part of Japan at the time), act with _____________ for others, to be able to ________, to be ________, to be ___________, to obey ____________ at all times (if they don't obey them, they have no honor because they are selfish) (they need to obey them because obeying family leaves a legacy of honor), and a samurai believes in ___________ before dishonor70
5363412342seppuku(referring to Samurai) _______________ - ritual suicide (a type of honorable death)71
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AP World History Chapter 27 Flashcards

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8559211327Osman BeyFounded the Ottoman Empire in 12890
8559211328GhaziTurkish Muslim religious warriors1
8559211329JanissariesOttoman slave troops that became effective and powerful soldiers and bureaucrats2
8559211330DevshirmeToll of christian boys taken and converted to Islam and trained to by Janissaries3
8559211331Mehmed IIOttoman sultan who conquered Constantinople4
8559211332IstanbulFormerly Constantinople, it became the Ottoman capital after its capture5
8559211333SuleymanPowerful Ottoman Sultan who expanded into central Europe up to Vienna6
8559211334BaburFounder of the Mughal Dynasty7
8559211335OttomanTurkish empire in the Middle East8
8559211336MughalTurkish Empire in India9
8559211337AkbarBrilliant and tolerant ruler of the Mughal Empire10
8559211338Divine FaithUnsuccessful syncretic religion created by Akbar11
8559211339AurangzebIntolerant Mughal Emperor who caused religious tensions and hostility in India12
8559211340SteppeGrassland in central Asia where the semi-nomadic Turks originated13
8559211341SikhismNew faith in India combining Hinduism and Islam14
8559211342Taj MahalGreatest example of Islamic-Hindu(Mughal) architecture15
8559211343Piri ReisOttoman cartographer16
8559211344SultanTurkish(usually Ottoman) ruler17
8559211345ShahPersian (Iranian) ruler18
8559211346KhanMongol ruler19
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