AP World History: Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
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| 7436677565 | Afro-Eurasian | An area where some of the first civilizations were developed(On a map: Southwestern Europe, Northern/Sub-Saharan Africa, along with India and China). Also, people from these areas. | 0 | |
| 7436677566 | Afro-Eurasian grasslands | Areas, in Afro-Eurasia(check definition of Afro-Eurasian), with moist land filled with the dominant vegetation. Grass. | 1 | |
| 7436694541 | Agrarian | of or relating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land. | 2 | |
| 7436698251 | Amazon River Valley | A river that runs through two parallel mountains in the Amazon. This land was great for food crops such as; manioc, sweet potatoes, and peanuts. | 3 | |
| 7436701967 | Andean region | A region related to the Andes mountains in Southern America, aka Mesoamerica. Crops such as; squash, potatoes, and beans were frown and harvested. | 4 | |
| 7436718251 | Assyrians | People who conquered the vulnerable city-states of Sumeria and ruled from 900-612 B.C.E. | 5 | |
| 7436727222 | Austronesian migrations | The migration from South-East Asia to Australia, Polynesia, and Madagascar. | 6 | |
| 7436730337 | Babylonian | People who conquered the weak city-states of Sumeris and ruled from 1900-1500 B.C.E. | 7 | |
| 7436732822 | Bantu Migrations | Legions of Bantu people moving southward throughout Africa. | 8 | |
| 7436732823 | Cahokia | An important agricultural chiefdom of North America that flourished around 1100 C.E.(Present-day Illinois, Missouri) |  | 9 |
| 7436737174 | Catalhuyuk | A very early agricultural village in southern Turkey, which flourished between 7400 and 6000 B.C.E. | 10 | |
| 7436740753 | CE/BCE | B.C.E., Before the Common Era, is the Eurocentric version of B.C., Before Christ. C.E. and lies on the same time-line. Common Era, is the same time-line as A.D., Anno Domini, however it is not based on religion. | 11 | |
| 7436743757 | Chavin | The first influential civilization in the Andes region around 900-250 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 7436743758 | Chiefdoms | Agricultural village societies came to be organized politically as ________, in which inherited positions of power and privilege introduced a more distinct element of inequality, but unlike later kings. | 13 | |
| 7436748315 | Civilization | A society with cities, a central government, job specialization, and social classes | 14 | |
| 7436751296 | Code of Hammurabi | The first known system of written law based on system of strict justice. Ex: Eye for an eye! | 15 | |
| 7436754540 | Code of Ur-Nammu | The oldest known law code surviving today. It is from Mesopotamia and is written on tablets, in the Sumerian language c. 2100-2050 BC. | 16 | |
| 7436772595 | Composite bow | Short bows that could create more tension, allowing the archer to shoot farther with more force and better accuracy. They are traditionally made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together, cf., laminated bow. | 17 | |
| 7436775648 | Cuneiform | The first form of writing, developed by the Sumerians, using wedged characters(drawn on a clay tablet with a stylus). | 18 | |
| 7436775649 | Demographic | related to population balance; N. demography: statistical study of human population | 19 | |
| 7436780163 | Domestication | the taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food | 20 | |
| 7436780164 | East Asia | A region where the first Asian civilizations/ dynasties originated. Crops grown their include; rice and millet. |  | 21 |
| 7436786071 | Egalitarian | Belief in the equality of all people | 22 | |
| 7436803683 | Egypt | An ancient civilization that is based along the southern Nile around 3500 B.C.E. | 23 | |
| 7436808165 | Epic of Gilgamesh | An epic poem from Mesopotamia(first alliterated in Sumeria), and among the earliest known works of literary writing. | 24 | |
| 7436811513 | Fertile Crescent | an arc-shaped region of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began | 25 | |
| 7436819421 | Forced labor system/ coerced labor | Labor compelled by force, intimidation, or authority, especially without regard for individual desire or volition. | 26 | |
| 7436819422 | Harappa | a large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan, being the first to use sewers and ditches. | 27 | |
| 7436827676 | Hebrew Scriptures | A partial record of the religious interpretation of the real history of the Jews, aka the Old Testament. | 28 | |
| 7436832264 | Hieroglyphics | Egyptian writing system using pictures and sound symbols. | 29 | |
| 7436868103 | Huang He River Valley | Early settlement in China- included the silk road. | 30 | |
| 7436877235 | Hunter-gatherer/hunter-foraging | Hunter-gatherers were nomadic people who hunted, fished, or gathered wild plants(Note: the way of life before the AR). Hunter-foragers were people who collected all their food(Note: the way of life, after the AR, if there were no large animals or fertile soil). | 31 | |
| 7436881046 | Ice Age | A series of glacier episodes during the Pleistone period(20,000 years ago or 18,000 B.C.E.) | 32 | |
| 7436902991 | Indo-European migrations | Masses of people moving towards Southern Europe and India/China. |  | 33 |
| 7436909011 | Indus Valley | Home to Harrappan, unified culture, civic system, no known national government. Also,the furthest point East reached by Alexander's army in 326 BC, before his men wanted to go home. | 34 | |
| 7436909012 | Kinship | blood relationship | 35 | |
| 7436913190 | Kush | Nubian kingdom that conquered all of Upper and Lower Egypt in 700 B.C.E. | 36 | |
| 7436913191 | Mesoamerica | "Middle America" the region extending from modern-day Mexico through Central America and chronologically the fifth urban hearth, dating to 200 B.C.E. | 37 | |
| 7436918777 | Mesopotamia | A significant region beholding the Fertile Crescent, some of the First Civilizations and is between the Tigris and Euphrates River Valley. | 38 | |
| 7436918778 | Metallurgy | The branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification. | 39 | |
| 7436923602 | Mohenjo-Daro | A large ancient city in the Indus River Valley, located in present-day Pakistan. Best known for the architecture/ lay-out of the city. | 40 | |
| 7436927673 | monotheism | The belief in one God | 41 | |
| 7436931457 | Neolithic revolution | A transition from a life-style of hunting and gathering to one of agricultural settlement, increasing population. | 42 | |
| 7436936895 | New Guinea | An Island North of Australia where over 250 languages were developed withe Australia. |  | 43 |
| 7436942756 | Nile Valley | A valley along the Nile River, where seasonal floods fertilized the soil for farming. | 44 | |
| 7436942757 | Nomadic | Wandering, moving about from place to place. | 45 | |
| 7436946894 | Norte Chico | -No writing -No government -Lacked defensive walls -Rich fishing -quipu: accounting -large ceremonial structures | 46 | |
| 7436946895 | Nubia | An ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa, also called Kush. | 47 | |
| 7436952542 | Olmec | An ancient Mesoamerican civilization, best known for giant stone heads. | 48 | |
| 7436957392 | Oracle Bone | A bone commonly used by the Shang dynasty of China, to predict the future and it also contained writing. | 49 | |
| 7436961704 | Paleolithic | The early phase of the Stone Age, lasting about 2.5 million years(95% of the time we existed). Furthermore, this is the time of primitive stone implements were used. | 50 | |
| 7436966616 | Papua New Guinea | This island is above Australia and used to be called New Guinea. | | 51 |
| 7436974386 | Pastoralism/pastoral societies | The branch of agriculture, mainly concerning the raising of livestock. | 52 | |
| 7436979938 | Patriarchy | A system or society governed by men; men had all the power and woman were excluded | 53 | |
| 7436989121 | Savanna | A grassy plain in tropical and subtropical regions, with few trees. | 54 | |
| 7436989122 | Shamans | Spiritually adept men and women who were believed to be especially skilled at dealing with the spirit world. They were the religious leaders of most African cultures and served the ruler. They also specialize in medicine, specifically herbal medicine. | 55 | |
| 7436994610 | Shang | The first Chinese dynasty to rule China and the first dynasty to develop oracle bones. | 56 | |
| 7436999411 | Social Stratisfication | A hierarchical system that divides the society into classes that have unequal access to scarce and valuable resources. | 57 | |
| 7437007837 | Southeast Asia | A geographical subdivision of Asia where yams were grown. |  | 58 |
| 7437012966 | Southwest steppes | From the Paleolithic, the _________ route has connected Eastern Europe, Central Asia, China, South Asia, and the Middle East economically, politically, and culturally through overland trade routes. The ________ route is a predecessor not only of the Silk Road which developed during antiquity and the Middle Ages, but also of the Eurasian Land Bridge in the modern era. | 59 | |
| 7437017101 | Specialization of labor | Workers specialize at a task in the production process at which they are most efficient. | 60 | |
| 7437017102 | State | A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government. | 61 | |
| 7437023717 | Sub-Saharan Africa | Portion of the African continent lying south of the Sahara.The Mediterranean was tied to them because of trade, but desertification cut off africa | 62 | |
| 7437034216 | Sudanic Africa | The North-East part of Africa that connected it to Sudan. Also, near Egypt where trade routes lie. |  | 63 |
| 7437034217 | Sumeria | An ancient civilization dated back to 3500 B.C.E. in southern Mesopotamia. Known for creating cuneiform, wheel, plow, and bronze. | 64 | |
| 7437049821 | Teotihuacan | The most significant pre-Columbian, Mesoamerican city. Which also lies in the Valley of Mexico. | 65 | |
| 7437056040 | Tigris and Euphrates River Valley | The region where Mesopotamia and the other city-states were formed. | 66 | |
| 7437056041 | Tundra | A flat or slightly rolling plain with few trees and permanently frozen ground. | 67 | |
| 7437062433 | Venus Figurines | Small Paleolithic statues/paintings of women with exaggerated sexual features. | 68 | |
| 7437062434 | Xia | First Chinese Dynasty, however did not writing. Therefore was thought of as "the Legendary Dynasty." Legendary Emperor "Yu the Great" was believed to be the Emperor at that time, but had no proof of real existence. | 69 | |
| 7437065544 | Ziggurats | Temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped. | 70 | |
| 7437070474 | Zhou | The longest lasting Chinese dynasty where the Mandate of Heaven and Confuscianism/Laoism was created. | 71 | |
| 7437091374 | "out of Africa migrations" | The movement from our origin to the Middle East was called _______________. | 72 |
