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AP US History Period 3 Flashcards

9686204788	The French and Indian War	1754-1763 War between French and British in American colonies part of 7 years	0
9686204789	The Proclamation of 1763	Line drawn by British Parliament, colonists not allowed to settle past Appalachian mountains	1
9686204790	Stamp Act	1765 direct tax on a stamp that must be put on paper, office documents, etc.	2
9686204791	The Coercive Acts	1774 Intolerable Acts	3
9686204792	Common Sense	1776 pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to get people to want independence	4
9686204793	The Declaration Of Independence	1776 document written by colonist elites to British King and Parliament stating independence and what all was wrong with British rule and the King	5
9686204794	Battle of Saratoga	Head to head battle between the British and Americans in country side, Americans win by a lot and show they have a chance	6
9686204795	French American Alliance	Formed after battle of Saratoga when Americans proved to French they can win and French are allies because they want to damage an age old enemy	7
9686204796	Treaty of Paris	1783 ended the American Revolutionary War Granted the land British gave Indians as American land now American colonies recognized as their own independent country	8
9686204797	Articles of confederation	First form of government A lot of weaknesses No strong central government Strong state governments Causes economical problems and failure	9
9686204798	The Northwest Ordinance of 1787	Land in Northwest is divided into 5 states (Michigan, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin, Indiana) they are all seen as equal to the 13 original states Reach a certain pop you can apply for statehood and be part of congress and slavery was outlawed	10
9686204799	Shay's Rebellion	1786 farmers debt rebellion agriculture depression, economical failure and 2 out of 3 were being sued	11
9686204800	The Constitution	New format of government focuses more on a central national power and less on states 3 branch government that limit each other	12
9686204801	Federalism	One central power over all	13
9686204802	The Great Compromise	New Jersey and Virginia plans together and create the senate and House of Representatives senate equal vote house of rep by population	14
9686204803	The Three-Fifths compromise	Slaves count as population for vote in congress 3 slaves for every 5 white were counted	15
9686204804	The Federalists papers	Essays written by Federalists to get people to ratify the constitution	16
9686204805	Federalists	Supported the ratification of the constitution one central strong government	17
9686204806	Anti federalists	Against ratification of the constitution; wanted a Bill of Rights	18
9686204807	The Bill of Rights	First ten amendments of the constitution	19
9686204808	George Washington's presidency	1st president formed the cabinets 2nd term strictly followed constitution left office to tell everyone they needed to be unified established framework of Supreme Court and how they will be decided judiciary	20
9686204809	Hamilton	Tackle debt- grant money back to people, national bank create national government, manufacturing establish tax revenue	21
9686204810	Jefferson	Wanted state governments against Hamilton 3rd president vice under John Adams voting process not fix yet and he got 2nd place	22
9686204811	Washington's Farewell Address	Warned against foreign entanglements and political parties; set the precedent of neutrality in Europe	23
9686204812	XYZ Affair	3 agents from France try to bribe Americans who came as ambassadors to see the rulers of France common in Europe but Americans took offense and John Adams published what happened for all Americans to see decreasing support of republicans because they are Franco files	24
9686204813	Alien and Sedition Acts	Sedition- speaking false against congress or president Alien- allow president to prison or deport suspicious foreign during war Cut of increase of republicans	25
9686204814	Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions	Idea of nullification Legislatures that constitution was written by sovereign states so they could revoke the unconstitutional laws	26

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US AP History Period 1 Flashcards

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7115590380	A land bridge from Asia	How early Americans reached North and South America	0
7115590381	Nomadic; following food and herds	The lifestyle that encouraged Indians to cross the land bridge	1
7115590382	Mayan, Inca and Aztecs	The most complex Indian communities living in South America	2
7115590383	Maize	This crop transformed nomadic hunter-gatherer societies into settled farm communities	3
7115590384	Silk, Spices, Oils/Perfumes	Items desired from Persia & China	4
7115590385	God, Gold & Glory	3 motives for Spanish Exploration	5
7115590386	Hispaniola	The area in which Columbus landed	6
7115590387	Treaty of Tordesillas	The agreement settling the dispute between Spain & Portugal for land in the Americas.	7
7115590388	Semi-permanent settlements	Most people in the Americas lived in this type of settlement by the time of Christopher Columbus.	8
7115590389	Anasazi; Pueblo	Tribes that settled in the Southwest; had culture based on farming & irrigation systems with permanent buildings	9
7115590390	Northwest Indians	Lived in permanent longhouses that had a rich diet based on hunting & fishing	10
7115590391	Great Plains Indians	Tribe that was nomadic OR farmers/traders; hunted buffalo, raised maize, beans & squash	11
7115590392	What did the Treaty of Tordesillas say?	Divided the trade routes to Asia: Spain gets the route across the Atlantic and Portugal gets the route around Africa. Also, Spain got a lot of land in the New World and Portugal got present-day Brazil.	12
7115590393	Cortes	Conquered the Aztecs	13
7115590394	Pizzaro	Conquered the Incas	14
7115590395	Bartolome de las Casas	Man who stood up for the rights on the natives.	15
7115590396	Renaissance	Time period that allowed for the invention of gunpowder, the compass and advanced shipbuilding and mapmaking	16
7115590397	Vasco de Gama	First European to reach India using the route around South Africa's Cape of Good Hope.	17
7115590398	John Cabot	First explorer sent by England to the New World; explored the North American coast	18
7115590399	Christopher Columbus	Explorer who won the backing of Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain to sail west from Europe to the "Indies."	19
7115590400	Ferdinand Magellan	Explorer who is credited with the 1st circumnavigation of the earth	20
7115590401	Henry Hudson	While searching for the northwest passage, this explorer sailed up a a broad river to give the Dutch claim	21
7115590402	Columbian Exchange	Exchange of plants, animals, and diseases (beans, corn, potatoes, tomatoes & tobacco) between Old World and New World after the time of Columbus.	22
7115590403	Corn, beans, squash (3 sister farming)	3 crops from the Americas ended up being staple crops in Europe?	23
7115590404	Horses	Animal introduced by the Spanish that changed the lifestyle of the Native American	24
7115590405	Smallpox, malaria, yellow fever, influenza	Diseases from the Old World and went to the New World	25
7115590406	Syphillis	Disease from the New World to the Old World	26
7115590407	Valladolid Debate	The argument between Bartolome de Las Casas and Juan Gines de Sepulveda over treatment of Indians by the Spanish.	27
7115590408	Encomienda	A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it; essentially set up slavery for Native Americans	28
7115590409	Atlantic slave trade	Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. 98% of Africans were sent to the Caribbean, South and Central America.	29
7115590410	Iroquois	A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests	30
7115590411	Cherokee	Are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are part of the Iroquoian-language family.	31
7115590412	Inuit	A member of a people inhabiting the Arctic (northern Canada or Greenland or Alaska or eastern Siberia)	32
7115590413	Maya	Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.	33
7115590414	Aztec	(1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky.	34
7115590415	Inca	Their empire stretched from what is today Ecuador to central Chili in the Andes Mountain region of South America. Called the Children of the Sun.	35
7115590416	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.	36
7115590417	Nomad	Early, simplistic man that migrated across the land bridge.	37
7115590418	Martin Luther	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his 95 problems with the Catholic Church.	38
7115590419	King Henry VIII	Broke away from the Catholic Church because of his disagreement with his inability to get divorced; which eventually led to civil unrest in his country.	39
7115590420	New France	Established in Canada and along the Mississippi River, focused on fur trade.	40
7115590421	Animism	Belief that non-human things possess a spiritual essence	41
7115590422	Mestizo	People with mixed Indian & European heritage	42
7115590423	Mulatto	People of mixed white and black ancestry	43
7115590424	Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt	1680 conflict that lead to death of hundreds of Spanish colonists and destruction of Catholic churches in the area	44
7115590425	Cultural autonomy	Conflicts between Natives and Europeans were for the Natives to maintain this	45
7115590426	Mercantilism	Economic system in which the colonies exist to enrich the Mother country; attempt to export to colonies more than they import	46

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Unit 1 - AP US History Flashcards

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7235624563	Columbian Exchange	exchanges of plants, animals, diseases, and technology transformed European and Native American ways of life	0
7235624564	John Smith	English explorer, soldier and writer; best known for his role in establishing the first permanent English colony in the New World (Jamestown)	1
7235624565	Jamestown	first permanent English settlement in North America	2
7235624566	Joint-Stock companies	business entity where different stocks can be bought and owned by shareholders	3
7235624567	Conquistador	leader in the Spanish conquests of America, Mexico, and Peru in the 16th century	4
7235624568	Encomienda	dependency relation system that started in Spain during the Roman Empire; the stronger people protected the weakest in exchange for a service	5
7235624569	Great Awakening	series of religious revivals in the North American British colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries	6
7235624570	Jonathan Edwards	revivalist preacher, philosopher, and Congregationalist Protestant theologian	7
7235624571	French and Indian War	War between colonists of Britian and colonists of France & Native Americans during 1754 to 1760. The purpose was to get North American lands for farming crops and securing a place to live well.	8
7235624572	Proclamation of 1793	statement that declared the war had ended following the British victory over France in the French and Indian War	9
7235624573	King George III	England's longest ruling monarch before Queen Victoria	10
7235624574	Sugar Act	British law enacted in 1764 that put a tax on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies; this law effected the manufacture of rum in New England	11
7235624575	Samuel Adams	an American statesman and founding father of the United States who opposed British taxation and helped organize the Boston Tea Party	12
7235624576	Boston Massacre	In 1770, some colonists threw snowballs at a group of British soldiers and the soldiers fired their guns, killing 5 colonists.	13
7235624577	Boston Tea Party	In 1773, a group of colonists protested the tea tax by dressing up as Native American and climbing on British ships in the Boston Harbor. They threw all the tea into the water to show they wouldn't buy tea from England.	14
7235624578	Declaration of Independence	Thomas Jefferson wrote a document stating that the 13 colonies wanted to be independent. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress accepted it.	15
7235624579	Saratoga	It was the turning point of the war for independence. After this battle, the American colonists were in an advantageous place. There were heavy British casualties.	16
7235624580	Marquis de Lafayette	a French aristocrat and military officer who fought for the United States in the American Revolutionary War	17
7235624581	Charles Cornwallis	a British Army officer and colonial administrator (1753-1762)	18
7235624582	Yorktown	1781 battle which led to a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops; General George Washington led this defeat against Cornwallis' troops	19
7235624583	Treaty of Paris	document that ended the Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the colonies	20
7235624584	Articles of Confederation	agreement among the thirteen colonies that served as its first constitution	21
7235624585	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendments to the Constitution that make up the Bill of Rights	22

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AP US History Chapter 6 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 6

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7608390527	James Madison	1. "Father of the Constitution". 2. solved the questions of sovereignty and limiting power with the separation of power and checks and balances. 3. Contributed to the Federalist papers.	0
7608390528	Alexander Hamilton	One of the authors of the Federalist Papers. He favored a strong central government. He was appointed by washington as secretary of the treasury. He also desird the creation of a national bank.	1
7608390529	Federalists	Group that supported ratification of the Constitution, later became a political party. Alexander Hamilton was a well known leader feared disorder, anarchy, chaos, unchecked power of the masses	2
7608390530	Anti-Federalist	those who opposed ratification of the constitution. They believed the constitution violated the principles of the revolution. They were concerned that the constitution lacked a bill of rights and gave government too much power feared the dangers of concentrated power and that the gov would abuse the citizens' rights like england	3
7608390531	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments (changes to the Constitution) were added to protect the rights of individual citizens. Nine dealt with basic rights. The tenth reserved state power for anything not specifically withheld from or delegated to the federal government.	4
7608390532	Checks and balances	Designed to keep one branch of government from dominating the other	5
7608390533	Great Compromise	A compromise made at the constitutional convention of 1787. Stated that their would be a 2 house legislature with one house represented by population and each slave would count as 3/5ths of a person in both taxation and representation. The upper house would have 2 representatives per state regardless of population.	6
7608390534	House of Representatives	Representation would be based on population of each state	7
7608390535	Senate	Representation would be two per state, regardless of state size	8
7608390536	3/5ths Compromise	for every five slaves, three would be counted for representation and direct taxation	9
7608390537	Legislative branch	The branch of government that makes laws	10
7608390538	Congress	Legislative branch; House and Senate	11
7608390539	Cabinet	Term for chiefs of departments appointed by President constitution does not specify how many there should/should not be. first 3 were state (jefferson), treasury (Hamilton), and war (knox)	12
7608390540	Supreme Court	Ultimate court in the US had the power to make final decisions in cases involving constitutionality of state laws	13
7608390541	Democratic-Republican Party	Rival to Federalists; opposed strong central government; led by Jefferson	14
7608390542	John Adams	In 1796 he was a Federalist who was elected as the second president.	15
7608390543	Proclamation of Neutrality	In 1793 Washington announced US as neutral in the war between England and France	16
7608390544	Articles of Confederation	America's original governing document. - Established a very weak central government and strong state governments. This government was favored by those terrified of tyrannical central government.	17
7608390545	The Virginia Plan	A plan for new government with three branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. According to this plan the legislative branch would have 2 houses. The lower house would represent the states based on population, the upper house would be appointed by the lower house. Favored by large states, disliked by small states.	18
7608390546	The New Jersey Plan	A plan proposing a "federal" not "national" government. This plan would have a one house legislature with equal representation for each house but with more ability to tax and regulate commerce. Favored by small states, disliked by large states.	19
7608390547	Federalist Papers	Series of widely published essays written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the pseudonym Publius. They defended the constitution to the public attempting to get them to want to ratify the constitution	20
7608390548	First national elections in 1789	George Washington elected to the presidency unanimously. John Adams became Vice-President. April 30, 1789 Inauguration.	21
7608390549	Judiciary Act of 1789	An act that provided a Supreme Court with six justices, thirteen district courts and three circuit courts of appeals. The act also gave the Supreme Court final decision in cases involving the constitutionality of state laws.	22
7608390550	National Bank	Hamilton proposed this to stabilize and unify the American banking system. controversial bcz constitution did not assign it so some people argued that it was not legal. Hamilton argued that it was necessary and that the constitution did not specifically prohibit it	23
7608390551	Republicans	Because of the rise of the Federalist party headed by Hamilton, it's opposition formed the (Democratic) Republican party. Key figures were Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.	24
7608390552	Indians in the Constitution	Vague/conflicting mentions - excludes those "not taxed" from being counted in population totals to determine House of Rep seats. Seems to make clear that tribes are not "foreign Nations" but recognizes existence of tribes as legal entities	25
7608390553	federalism	power divided between states and federal government	26
7608390554	separation of powers	divided power among the branches so that one branch would not be more powerful than the other	27
7608430316	Newburgh Conspiracy	lack of pay for the Continental Army after the war, despite still being mobilized	28
7608439642	Shays Rebellion	the rebellion of debt-ridden farmers in western Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-1787 against the Massachusetts state government's efforts to tax them?	29
7608453655	Northwest Ordinance	one of the 36 sections created by this survey system would be reserved to support schools.	30
7608470549	Joseph Brant	leader of the Mohawks, resisted American settlement in the Ohio River Valley after the Revolutionary War?	31
7608501336	Georgia and South Carolina	The planter elite in these two states were determined to reestablish an economic way of life that depended on slavery.	32
7608528930	Republican Motherhood	Advocated higher education for women, that they should serve as advisors to their husbands	33
7608549352	Judith Sargent Murray	developed a vision of republican womanhood that argued for full equality between men and women and promoted equal education of women and men?	34
7608562753	Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Women	served as the intellectual inspiration for many of the ideas of republican womanhood in the United States?	35
7608856562	Gradual emancipation	States Moves slowly towards freedom for Slaves. This system delayed emancipation for decades, although every northern state had started the process of ending slavery before 1800	36
7632912292	Daniel Boone	This individual's exploration led to the settlement of the territory that would become Kentucky	37
7632925105	Benjamin Banneker	This individual wrote Thomas Jefferson, he was critical of the position that " all men are created equal" regarding the status of slaves	38
7632948098	James Madison	his notes of the Constitutional Convention offered key insight to the development of our government. He was also one of the key authors of the Federalist Papers	39