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AP English Language Vocabulary Flashcards

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6098848764AllusionReference to well-known person, place, event, literary work or work of art0
6098848765AnalogyDrawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect1
6098848766AntecedentWord, phrase or clause to which a pronoun refers2
6098848767AntithesisJuxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance3
6098848768ApostropheTechnique by which a writer addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or person who is either dead or absent4
6098848769AssonanceRepetition of similar vowels in stressed syllables of successive words5
6098848770Balanced sentencesSentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast6
6098848771ColloquialismSpoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech7
6098848772Complex sentenceSentence composed of at least one main clause and one subordinate clause8
6098848773ConceitFanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor9
6098848774EllipsisOmission of a word or phrase which is grammatically necessary but can be deduced for the context (some people prefer cats; others dogs)10
6098848775HyperboleFigure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor11
6098848776Non sequiturStatement that does not follow logically from evidence12
6098848777SyllepsisConstruction in which one word is used in two different senses (after he threw the ball, he threw a fit )13
6098848778SyntaxGrammatical arrangement of words in sentences14
6098848779AmbiguityUnclearness by virtue of having more than one meaning15
6098848780ArgumentFact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true16
6098848781AnaphoraRepetition of a word or phrase as beginning of successive clauses17
6098848782CacophonyLoud, harsh or strident noise18
6098848783EpithetDefamatory or abusive word or phrase; any word or phrase applied to a person or thing to describe an actual or attributed quality19
6098848784AnadipolosisRepetition of final words of a sentence or line at beginning of the next (anger leads to hate, hate leads to anger....)20
6098848785AnecdoteShort account of an incident21
6098848786AphorismBrief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life22
6098848787AppositiveWord or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun23
6098848788AsyndetonLack of conjuctions between coordinate phrases24
6098848789DissonanceHarsh, inharmonious, or discordent sounds25
6098848790EthosAppeal to ethics, conscience, morals, values, principles26
6098848791HomilyInclude any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice27
6098848792LogosAppeal based on logic or reason28
6098848793Periodic sentencePresents main clause at end of sentence for emphasis29
6098848794EuphemismInoffensive expression that is submitted for one that is considered offensive30
6098848795EuphonyAn agreeable (pleasing/harmonious) sounds31
6098848796Imperative sentenceGive orders, instructions, advice and directions32
6098848797JuxtapositionPlacing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast33
6098848798Mixed metaphorCombination of two or more metaphors that produce a ridiculous effect34
6098848799ParadoxSelf-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth35
6098848800Parallel structureRepetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures36
6098848801SimileFigure of speech that expresses a resemblance between two different things37
6098848802ThemeUnifying idea in literary or artistic work38
6098848803UnderstatementOpposite of exaggeration, says less than intended39
6098848804PersonaSpeaker, voice or character assumed by author of a piece of writing40
6098848805Stream of consciousnessContinous flow of ideas and feelings that constitute and individuals conscious experience41
6098848806SynthesisCombination of separate parts into a unified whole42
6098848807Voicethe fluency, rhythm, and liveliness in writing that makes it unique to the writer43
6098848808Zeugmawhen a word is used with two adjacent words in the same construction, but only makes literal sense with one of them (He closed the door and his heart on his lost love.)44
6098848809Compound sentencea sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions45
6098848810Consonancethe repetition of consonants(or consonant patterns) especially at the end of words46
6098848811Declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration47
6098848812Deductive reasoningreasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise Tuesday morning.)48
6098848813Expletiveprofane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger49
6098848814IdiomAn expression that cannot be understood if taken literally (ex-"Get your head out of the clouds!")50
6098848815Imagerydescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)51
6098848816Inductive reasoningderiving general principles from particular facts or instances ("Every cat I have ever seen has four legs; cats are four-legged animals.")52
6098848817Invocationthe act of appealing for help, prayer for help (used in invoking); calling upon as a reference or support; act of invoking53
6098848818Onomatopoeiausing words that imitate the sound they denote, using words that imitate the sound they denote54
6098848819Personificationthe act of attributing human characteristics to abstract ideas, etc.55
6098848820Stylethe choices a write makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work, a way of expressing something (in language or art or music, etc.)that is characteristic of a particular person or group of people or period56
6098848821Synthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color," "a sweet sound")57
6098848822Vernacularthe everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language)58
6098848823Zeno's paradoxallusions to Zeno's Paradox are used by authors to convey ideas about the absurdity of time and distance59
6098848824ArbitraryIrrational; capricious, unreasonable60
6098848825Begrudgeto envy or resent the pleasure or good fortune of (someone)61
6098848826Belieto show (something) to be false62
6098848827Bemoanto regard with displeasure, disapproval, or regret63
6098848828Bemusedbewildered or confused. 2. lost in thought; preoccupied64
6098848829Bessechto beg eagerly for; solicit65
6098848830Circuitousroundabout; not direct66
6098848831Cirumlocutionthe use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an idea67
6098848832Circumscribeto constrict the range or activity of definitely and clearly; limit or confine68
6098848833Circumspectwatchful and discreet; cautious; prudent: circumspect behavior69
6098848834Oxymorona figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."70
6098848835Sarcasmbitter, caustic language designed to hurt or ridicule someone or something. Often satirical or verbally ironic.71
6098848836MetonymyA type of metaphor in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. "The White House declared," from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name"72
6098848837Invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language73
6098848838Circumventto avoid or get around something; to bypass74
6098848839Cursorygoing rapidly over something, without noticing details; hasty; superficial: a cursory glance at a newspaper75
6098848840Desultorylacking in consistency, constancy, or visible order, disconnected; fitful: desultory conversation.76
6098848841Effronteryshameless or impudent boldness; barefaced audacity77
6098848842Obligatoryrequired as a matter of obligation; mandatory78
6098848843SynecdochePart as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck"79
6098848844SatireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Often uses imitation, irony, and/or sarcasm.80
6098848845AlliterationThe repetition of sounds at the beginning of words81
6098848846NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events82
6098848847Situational Ironya type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected83
6098848848Pathosan appeal based on emotion84
6098848849Syllogisma deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably leads to a sound conclusion. A=B, B=C, so A=C. "All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal."85
6098848850Verbal IronyIn this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning86
6098848851Denotationthe literal or dictionary meaning of a word87
6098848852Dramatic IronyIn this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work88
6098848853ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.89
6098848854Connotationthe feelings or emotions surrounding/associated with a word, beyond its literal meaning. Generally positive or negative in nature.90
6098848855RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.91
6098848856GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.92
6098848857AllegoryA work that functions on a symbolic level (a type of extended symbolism)93
6098848858DescriptionA rhetorical mode based in the five senses. It aims to re-create, invent, or present something so that the reader can experience it.94
6098848859RhetoricTechniques and rules for using language95
6098848860Third person limitedPoint of view in which narrator exists outside of all characters but is privy to feelings and thoughts of one character96
6098848861Third person omniscientPoint of view in which all-knowing narrator is privy to thoughts and actions of all characters97
6098848862CharacterCarries out action of plot in literature98
6098848863ThesisExpresses authors opinion, purpose, meaning or proposition99
6098848864ToneAttitudes and presupptions of the author100
6098848865ProseClosely resembles everyday speech101
6098848866Point of viewWho tells the story102
6098848867DictionAuthor's choice of words103
6098848868Independent clauseExpresses a complete thought104
6098848869Dependent clauseDoes not express a complete thought105
6098848870ClicheOverused saying or idea106
6098848871PolysyndetonDeliberate use of many conjunctions in close succession107
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AP Biology Evolution Vocabulary Flashcards

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5217301427AdaptationCharacteristics passed down to an organism over generations that help it to survive and reproduce in a specific environment0
5217301428MutationChange in the nucleotide sequence of an organisms DNA (or RNA in a virus)1
5217301429SpeciationEvolutionary process where a species splits into multiple species2
5217301430SpeciesMembers of the same population that are able to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring from that same population, but not with a different population3
5217301431Sympatric SpeciationFormation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area4
5217301432Vestigial OrganA feature on an organism that served as a function for their ancestors5
5217301434Allotropic SpeciationFormation of a new species in populations that are geographical isolated from one another6
5217301435Artificial SelectionUnnatural selective breeding of plants and animals to gain desirable traits in an offspring7
5217301436Biological Species ConceptSame definition as "Species"; members of populations that are able to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring, but are unable to with members of a different offspring8
5217301437Common AncestorWhen species share the same ancestor from many years ago9
5217301438FossilA preserved remnant or impression of an organism from many years ago10
5217301440GeologyScience that deals with Earth's physical structures and history11
5217301448Natural SelectionProcess where organisms have a certain inherited trait that allows them to survive and reproduce in an environment better than other organisms.12
5217301450PolyploidyChromosome alteration where an organism has more than two sets of chromosomes. Result of accident in cell division.13
5217301451PopulationGroup of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and are able to produce viable and fertile offspring14
5217301452Postzygotic BarrierPrevents hybrid organisms from developing into viable, fertile adults. Examples: 1. Reduced Hybrid Fertility 2. Reproductive Isolation 3. Hybrid Breakdown15
5217301453Prezygotic BarrierFactors that prevent organisms from mating in order to produce offspring or hinders fertilization. Examples: 1. Temporal Isolation 2. Mechanical Isolation 3. Habitat Isolation 4. Behavioral Isolation 5. Gametic Isolation16
5217301454Directional SelectionNatural selection where organisms on ONE end of the phenotypic spectrum are able to survive and reproduce better than other organisms.17
5217301455Disruptive SelectionWhen organisms on TWO ends of the phenotypic spectrum are able to survive and reproduce better than organisms with intermediate phenotype18
5217301456EvolutionChange in genotype of organism from generation to generation that allow the organism to be different than their ancestors. Descent with modification.19
5217301457Evolutionary FitnessDescent where they have a specific trait that will not allow them to die out20
5217301458Homologous StructuresStructures in organisms that are similar21
5217301459HomologySimilarity in characteristics resulting from shared ancestry22
5217301460HybridOffspring that results from the mating of two different species23
5217301461Reproductive IsolationBiological factors that prevent members from two species from producing viable, fertile offspring24
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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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2509695683AesthicA guiding principle in matters of artistic beauty and taste; artistic sensibility0
2509695684AllegoryThe expression by means of symbolic fictional figures and actions; a story with two levels of meaning, one literal and one symbolic1
2509695685AmbiguityA statement with two or more meanings that may seem exclude one another in the context. There are two types: lexical and structural2
2509695686AnalogyAn extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things/ideas3
2509695687AnastropheNormal word order is reversed or rearranged; same as inversion4
2509695688AnecdoteA usually short narrative of an interesting or assuming5
2509695689AntecedentThe noun to which a later pronoun refers Example: All eyes were on the dance FLOOR and ITS mesmerizing cascade of strobe lights. (The pronoun is its; the antecedent of its is floor)6
2509695690ApostropheWhen a absent person, an abstract concept, or an important object is directly addressed in a work of literature7
2509695691AphorismA brief saying embodying a moral, a concise statement of a principle or precept given I pointed words8
2509695692BiasPrejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue9
2509695693CacophonyHarsh, discordant sounds. Opposite of euphony10
2509695694ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence; also known as a statement of the writers position11
2509695695ColloquialismInformal or conversational use of language12
2509695696ConcreteOpposite of abstract; identifies things perceived throughout the senses, such as soft, red, loud, or bitter13
2509695697ConnotationThe set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literal meaning14
2509695698CounterargumentA challenge to a position: an opposing argument15
2509695699DenotationThe literal meaning of a word; the dictionary meaning16
2509695700DialectA regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from other regional varieties and consisting together with them a single language17
2509695701DidacticInstructional tone, designed to teach an ethical, moral or religious lesson18
2509695702ElegiacA tone relating to elegy or mourning, expressing sorrow for that which is in the past or has been lost19
2509695703EllipsisThe omission of one or more words that are obviously understood but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete20
2509695704EpigraphA quotation set at the beginning of a literary of a work or its chapters to suggest it's theme21
2509695705EpistropheEnding a series of lines, phrases, clauses, or sentences with the same word or words (similar to anaphora)22
2509695706EuphemismThe substition of a more agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or communicate something unpleasant23
2509695707EuphonySoothing pleasant sounds (opposite of cacophony)24
2509695708GeneralizationAn idea or statement that emphasizes the general characteristics rather than the specific details of a subject; an assertion that something is true either of all members of a certain class or of an indefinite part of that class25
2509695709IdiolectA person's own personal language; words they choose and any other features that characterize their speech and writing (related to style, voice)26
2509695710InvectiveOf, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse27
2509695711Irony-verbal: stating the opposite of what is said or meant( sarcasm) -situational: what happens is the opposite of what is expected -dramatic: the audience is aware of something that the characters on stage ARE unaware of28
2509695712OnomatopoeiaThe use of words whose sound reinforce their meaning29
2509695713Paradox (iCal statement)A statement or idea that seems contradictory but is actually true30
2509695714Parallel (structure, parallelism)A repeated grammatical structure, emphasizing all aspects of the sentence equally31
2509695715Parenthetical expressionAn expression that is inserted into the flow of thought. It may be in the middle of a sentence or between sentences, but it does not deal directly with the topic at hand. These are set off by dashes or parentheses.32
2509695716ParodyMimicking someone else's work or style in a humorous or satirical way33
2509695717Persona (of narrator)The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing.34
2509695718PolemicA controversial argument usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion35
2509695719PortmanteauThe combination of two or more works to make a new word (Ex. Motel)36
2509695720PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions (and, or, so, but )37
2509695721PunA humorous way of using a word or phrase so that more than one meaning is suggested38
2509695722Deductive reasoningUsing logic and facts to make decisions or present a point39
2509695723Inductive reasoningDetermine a pattern to find a answer, moving from specific details or broad generalizations40
2509695724RefuteTo discredit an argument, particularly a counter argument41
2509695725SatireA composition ridiculing human vice or folly; a keen or severe exposure of what public or private morals deserve rebuke42
2509695726SemanticsThe study of the meanings of words and phrases in language43
2509695727Shift (in person, syntax, tone, etc.)When a section of the text undergoes a noticeable or subtle change44
2509695728Stream of consciousnessTechnique that records the thoughts and feelings of a character w/o regard to logical argument or narrative sequence; reflects all the forces, internal external, affecting the character's psyche at the moment45
2509695729StyleThe phrase "the author style" is often seen in AP prompts and asking the student to discuss how the author uses words, phrases, and sentences to from ideas. In other words, analyze the rhetorical techniques46
2509695730SynesthesiaA rhetorical device that mixes elements of the senses47
2509695731Syntaxthe grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence48
2509695732Understatement (also litotes)Deliberate understatement, especially when expressing a thought be denying its opposite49
2509695733VernacularThe characteristic language of a particular group (see also colloquialism); often( slang or informal)50
2509695734VoiceIn grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun ( active or passive voice); in rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing that displays the speaker's/writer's personality51
2509695735WitAn ability to say or write things that are clever and usually funny52
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AP World History Ch. 1 Flashcards

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8867452320Julian CalendarFirst calendar that was used. Inaccurate0
8867458038Gregorian CalendarRevision of the Julian calendar, named after Pope Gregory, this means this calendar is based on religion1
8867482929ADAno Domini2
8867485927BCBefore Christ3
8867488478CECommon Era4
8867490728BCEBefore Common Era5
8867497190Arabic Numerals10 digits 0-96
8867501999Roman NumeralsLetter, Standard in Europe7
8867505193Cultureincludes material objects(dwelling clothing and tools) along with non-material items(values religion and beliefs)8
8867526742ForagersHunting and food gathering people, these people lived in groups to defend each other and divide and conquer9
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AP Human Geo: Language Flashcards

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5521414117languageA set of sounds, combination of sounds, and symbols that are used for communicate (important part of culture)0
5521420062mutual intelligibilityThe ability of 2 people to understand each other when speaking1
5522249280standard languageThe variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in schools, government, the media, and other aspects of public life2
5522251085dialectLocal or regional characteristics of a language. Refers to accent (pronunciation differences of a standard language) and distinctive vocab./grammar (e.g. syntax, cadence, and pace of speech)3
5522261987dialect chainsA set of contiguous dialects in which the dialects nearest to each other at any place in the chain are most closely related4
5522282976isoglossA geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs5
5522284176language familiesGroup of languages with a shared but fairly distant origin6
5522286139subfamiliesDivisions within a language family where to commonalities are more definitie and the origin is more recent7
5522298803cognateA word that has a the same linguistic derivation as another word (i.e. the word comes from the same root as another word)8
5522302795William JonesFound connection b/t Sanskrit and ancient Greek/Latin9
5522306625Proto-Indo-EuropeanLinguistic hypothesis proposing the existence of an ancestral Indo-European language that is the hearth of the ancient Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit languages which hearth would link modern languages from Scandinavia to North Africa and from North America through parts of Asia to Australia10
5522329795Proto-EurasiaticLinguistic hypothesis proposing the language or group of languages that predated and gave the rise to Proto-Indo-European and other language families with Eurasian origins11
5522337344language divergenceThe opposite of language convergence; a process suggested by German linguist August Schleicher whereby new languages are formed when a language breaks into dialects due to a lack of spatial interaction among speakers of the language and continued isolation eventually causes the division of the language into discrete new languages12
5522340691backward reconstructionThe tracking of sound shifts and hardening of consonants "backward" toward the original language13
5522342893language convergenceThe collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages; the opposite of language divergence14
5522344991conquest theoryOne major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers of Proto-Indo-European spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues15
5522347913agricultural theory(?)Cavali-Sforza and Ammerman: Every generation (~25 years), agricultural frontier moved 11 miles... mixed farming and non-famring peoples16
5522355784Romance languagesLanguages (French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese) that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed (local languages mixed w/Latin)17
5522357937Germanic languagesLanguages (English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish) that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern Europe to the west and south18
5522418523Slavic languagesLanguages (Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian) that developed as Slavic people migrated from a base in present-day Ukraine close to 2000 years ago19
5522422707lingua francaA term deriving from "Frankish language" and applying to a tongue spoken in ancient Mediterranean ports that consisted of a mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanish, and even some Arabic. Today it refers to a "common language," a language used among speakers of different languages for the purposes of trade and commerce20
5522425282pidgin languageWhen parts of two or more languages are combined in a simplified structure and vocabulary21
5522426684Creole languageA language that began as a pidgin language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by a people in place of the mother tongue22
5522431525multilingualismUse of more than 1 language by sectors of population23
5522433919monolingual stateCountries in which only 1 language is spoken (no true monolingual states)24
5522435964multilingual statesCountries in which more than one language is spoken25
5522438149official languagein multilingual countries the language selected to promote internal cohesion; usually the language of the courts and government26
5522439658global languageThe language used most commonly around the world; defined on the basis of either the number of speakers of the language, or prevalence of use in commerce and trade27
5522440669place4th theme of geography as defined by GENIP: uniqueness of a location28
5522458106toponymplace name29
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AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

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2291342239devices of soundthe techniques of deploying the sound of words, especially in poetry (rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia)0
2291342240stylethe characteristic manner of expression of an author; includes diction, syntax, figurative language, imagery, selection of detail, sound effects, and tone1
2291342241point of viewany of several possible vantage points from which a story is told2
2291342242themethe main thought expressed by a work; meaning of the work as a whole3
2291342243allusiona reference in a work of literature to something outside of the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary even, person, or work4
2291342244symbolsomething that is simultaneously itself and a sign of something else.5
2291342245similea comparison; a figure of speech comparing two objects usually using "like," "as," or "than"6
2291342246rhetorical techniquesthe devices used in effective or persuasive language, such as apostrophe, contrast, repetition, paradox, understatement, sarcasm, satire, and rhetorical7
2291342247narrative techniquesthe methods involved in telling a story; asks you to discuss procedures used to tell a story; (point of view, manipulation of time, dialogue, or interior monologue)8
2291342248dictionword choice, important to the meaning and the effect of the passage9
2291342249figurative languagewriting that uses figures of speech such as metaphor, simile, and irony10
2291342250detailssmaller items or parts making up a larger picture or story; as when describing a character or scene11
2291342251structurethe arrangement of materials within a work; the logical division of a work12
2291342252attitudea speaker's, author's, or character's disposition toward or opinion of a subject or writing13
2291342253settingthe background, physical location, or time and place to a story14
2291342254imagerythe sensory details of a work; visual, auditory, or tactile images evoked by the words of a literary work or images evoked through figurative language (metaphors, similes, diction)15
2291342255metaphora figurative use of language in which a comparison is expressed without the use of a comparitive term such as "like," "as," or "than"16
2291342256tonethe manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude, intonation of the voice that expresses meaning.17
2291342257ironya situation or use of language involving some kind of incongruity or discrepancy.18
2291342258syntaxthe structure of a sentence; the arrangement of words in a sentence.19
2291342259rhetorical strategythe management of language for a specific effect such as in sonnets when Shakespeare spends the first nine lines describing the speaker's discontent, then three lines describing the happiness...20
2291342260satirewriting that seeks to arouse a reader's disapproval of an object through ridicule21
2291342261omniscient point of viewthe vantage point of a story in which the narrator can know, see, and report whatever he or she chooses; free to describe the thoughts of any character, skip about in time or place, or speak directly to the reader22
2291342262alliterationthe repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words close to each other, i.e., Romagnano's Rubies of Redundant Rhetoric23
2291342263resources of languagea general phrase for the linguistic devices or techniques that a writer uses; invites students to discuss the style and rhetoric of a passage through: diction, syntax, figurative language, imagery24
2291342264apostropheusually (in poetry) the device of calling out to an imaginary, dead, or personified abstraction either to begin a poem or make a dramatic break absent person, or to a place or thing.25
2291342265denotationthe basic dictionary definition of a word26
2291342266allegoryan extended narrative in prose or verse (poetry) in which characters, events, and settings represent abstract qualities; (many connected metaphors); writer intends a second meaning beneath the surface story; may be moral, religious, political, social, or satiric27
2291342267connotationa word's overtones of meaning; what a word suggests beyond its dictionary definition28
2291342268slant rhymewords with any kind of sound similarity29
2291342269synethesiapresentation of one sense experience in terms usually associated with another sensation (eg. "melodious ground")30
2291342270catharsisthe emotional release that an audience member experiences as a result of watching a tragedy31
2291342271classicismthe principles and styles admired in the classics of Greek and Roman literature, such as objectivity, sensibility, restraint, and formality32
2291342272colloquialisma word or phrase used in everyday conversation and informal writing33
2291342273common metera closed poetic quatrain, rhyming abab, in which lines of iambic tetrameter alternate with iambic trimeter34
2291342274caesuraa speech pause occurring within a line35
2291342275Petrarchan sonneta fixed form poem of 14 lines, divided between eight lines called the octave, rhyming abbaabba, and six lines called the sestet (usually rhyming cdcdcd or cdecde)36
2291342276enjambmenta line having no end punctuation but running over to the next line37
2291342277epigrama concise, witty saying in poetry or prose; either stands38
2291342278versimilitudea characteristic whereby the setting, circumstances, characters, dialogue, actions, and outcomes in a work are designed to seem true, life-like, real, plausible, and probable39
2291342279looseterm for a sentence in which the main point is put at the beginning40
2291342280expositionimmediate revelation to audience of setting or other background info necessary for understanding the plot; explanation; one of the four modes of discourse41
2291342281promptin writing, the cue, suggestion, or reminder given to the student as instruction for the content of an essay.42
2291342282malapropismthe comic use of an improperly pronounced word, so that what comes out is a real but also incorrect word. The new word must be close enough to the correct word so that the resemblance is immediately recognized, along with the error43
2291342283sarcasmbitter or cutting speech; speech intended to give pain to the person addressed44
2291342284foila character, usually minor, designed to highlight qualities of a major character45
2291342285plotthe plan or groundwork for a story, the arrangement or order of event46
2291342286euphemisman inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive47
2291342287antagonistthe person, idea, force, or general set of circumstances opposing the protagonist48
2291342288stream of consciousnessa literary technique which seeks to describe an individual's point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character's thought processes49
2291342289limited omniscienta third person narration in which the thoughts and actions of the protagonist are the focus of attention50
2291342290foreshadowingthe use of a hint or clue to suggest a larger event that occurs later in the work51
2291342291objective point of viewthird person narration reporting speech and action, but excluding commentary on the actions and thoughts of the character; also called dramatic52
2291342292genrea type of literary work, such as novel or poem53
2291342293gothicreferring to a type of novel, 18th century, using mystery, suspense, and sensational and supernatural occurrences to evoke terror54
2291342294omniscienta third person narration in which the speaker or narrator, with no apparent limitations, may describe intentions, actions, reactions, locations, and speeches of any or all of the characters, and may also describe their innermost thoughts55
2291342295humoranything that causes laughter or amusement56
2291342296hyperboledeliberate exaggeration in order to create humor or emphasis57
2291342297second person narrationa narration in which a listener ("you") is the protagonist and the speaker is someone with knowledge the protagonist does not possess or understand about his or her own actions58
2291342298first person point of viewthe use of an "I" speaker or narrator who tells about things that s/he has seen, done, spoken, heard, thought59
2291342299pastichea medley of various ingredients, cobbled together from different works or writers60
2291342300bildungsromana coming-of-age story, concerned with the education, development and maturation of a young protagonist61
2291342301lyrica type of melodious, imaginative, and subjective poetry that is usually short and personal, expressing the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker rather than telling a story62
2291342302episodic novela narrative composed of loosely connected incidents, each one more or less self-contained, often connected by a central character or characters63
2291342303metonymya figure of speech that uses the name of an object, person, or idea to represent something with which it is associated, such as using "the crown" to refer to a monarch64
2291342304assonancethe repetition of similar vowels in the stressed syllables of successive words65
2291342305dynamic charactera character who undergoes adaptation, change, or growth. A short story usually has only one, but a novel may have several66
2291342306static charactera character who undergoes no change67
2291342307pseudonyma fictitious name used by an author to hide identity; also called pen name68
2291342308oxymorona figure of speech composed of contradictory words or phrases, such as "wise fool"69
2291342309parablea short tale that teaches a moral; may be found in The Bible70
2291342310paradoxa statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or incompatible elements but that turns out to have a rational meaning71
2291342311parallismthe technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side to side and making them similar in form72
2291342312parodya work that ridicules the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements73
2291342313argumentone of the four modes of discourse; language intended to convince through appeals to reason or emotion74
2291342314Shakespearean sonneta fourteen line poem composed of three quatrains and a concluding couplet, rhyming abab cdcd efef gg75
2291342315protagonistthe main character of a literary work76
2291342316realisma 19th century literary movement in Europe and US that stressed accuracy in the portrayal of life, thus real life; focused on characters with whom middle-class readers could easily identify; in direct contrast with romanticism77
2291342317end rhymerepetition of accented vowel sound and all succeeding consonants at the conclusion of a line78
2291342318speakerthe narrator of a story or poem, the point of view79
2291342319romanticisma literary, artistic, and philosophical movement that began in the 18th century as a reaction against neoclassicism80
2291342320novela long work of prose fiction81
2291342321sonneta fourteen line lyric poem in iambic pentameter82
2291342322argumentthe development of an idea, including the introduction of a hypothesis, supporting details, and logical conclusion83
2291342323stanzaa group of lines in the formal pattern of a poem84
2291342324suspension of disbeliefthe demand made of a theater audience to provide some details with their imagination and to accept the limitations of reality and staging85
2291342325voicethe way a written work conveys an author's attitude86
2291342326synecdochea figure of speech in which a part of something is used to represent a whole, such as using "boards" to mean "a stage"87
2291342327poetrya literary genre that is foremost characterized by the rhythmical qualities of language88
2291342328prosewriting lacking the formal structure of meter or rhyme, often considered to be representative of the patterns of normal speech89
2291342329assertiona sentence putting an idea (the subject) into operation (the predicate) necessary for both developing and understanding the idea90
2291342330anaphorathe repetition of the same word or phrase throughout a work; the effect is to lend weight or emphasis91
2291342331meaningthat which is to be understood in a work92
2291342332descriptionthe exposition of scenes, actions, attitudes, and feelings93
2291342333dialectlanguage characteristics involving pronunciation94
2291342334farcean outlandish physical comedy95
2291342335fictionnarratives based in the imagination of the author; one of three major genres of literature96
2291342336flashbacka method of narration in which past events are introduced into present action97
2291342337jargonvocabulary exclusive or particular to a specific group98
2291342338denouementthe final stage of plot development, in which mysteries are explained, characters find their destinies, and the work is completed.99
2291342339sestinahighly structured poem with 39 lines, iambic pentameter, and repetitino of six words from first stanza in each of six stanzas100
2291342340consonancethe repetition of consonants (or consonant patterns) especially at the ends of words101
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AP Latin Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4984510048Ac, atqueAnd, and also (conj)0
4984510049Aut,aut...autOr, either...or (conj)1
4984510050Do, dare, dedi, datumTo give, put [data]2
4984510051Hic, haec, hocThis, these, he, she, it3
4984510052Ille, illa, illudThat, those, he, she, it4
4984510053Ipse, ipsa, ipsumHimself, herself, itself, myself, yourself5
4984510054NonNot,no6
4984510055Qui, quae, quodWho, which7
4984510056Video, videre, vidi, visumTo see8
4984510057Bellum, i(n)War9
4984510058Castra, orum (n)(Military) camp10
4984510059Civitas, civitatis(f)State11
4984510060DeFrom12
4984510061Dico, dicere, dixi, dictumTo say, set, plead [dictate]13
4984510062Dies, dieiDay14
4984510063Fines, finium (m)Borders [final]15
4984510064Fio, fieri, factus sumTo be made, to be done, to happen [factory]16
4984510065Gallia, aeGaul (area)17
4984510066Gallus,iGaul (inhabitant)18
4984510067Habeo, habere, habui, habitumTo have, hold19
4984510068Helvetius, a, umHelvetian20
4984510069Hiberna, orum(m)Winter quarters21
4984510070Hostis, hostis(m/f)Enemy22
4984510071Iter, itineris(n)Journey23
4984510072Legatus, i(m)Envoy, ambassador24
4984510073Legio, legionis(f)Legion25
4984510074Miles, militis(m)Soldier26
4984510075Mitto, mittere, misi, missimTo send27
4984510076Multitudo, multitudinis(f)Multitude28
4984510077Navis, navis(f)Ship29
4984510078Pars, partis(f)Part, direction, side30
4984510079Possum, posse, potuiTo be able, to be powerful, to be possible31
4984510080ProBefore, for, as32
4984510081Proelium, i(n)Battle33
4984510082Propterea quodFor the very reason that34
4984510083Reliquus,a,umRemaining35
4984510084Res,rei(f)Thing, matter, affair36
4984510085Sui, sibi, se, seHimself, herself, itself, thenselves37
4984510086Suus, a, umHis, her, its, their (own) [suicide]38
4984510087Ut, utiAs, so that39
4984510088Accidit,ere,acciditTo happen [accident]40
4984510089Accipio,ere,accepi,acceptumTo receive, hear, accpet [acceptable]41
4984510090Alius,a,udOther,another[alias]42
4984510091Alter,a,umThe one...the other; another [alternative]43
4984510092Annus,i(m)Year [annual]44
4984510093Arbitror,ari,atus sumTo think, consider [arbitration]45
4984510094Arma, orum (n. Pl)Weapons, arms46
4984510095Capio,ere,cepi, captumTo seize, take47
4984510096Causa (prep+gen)For the sake of48
4984510097Causa,aeCause49
4984510098Coepi, coepisse, coeptumTo have begun50
4984510099Cognosco,ere, cognovi,cognitumTo learn [cognitive]51
4984510100Cogo,ere, coegi, coactumTo drive together, force52
4984510101Conicio,ere,conieci, coniectumTo throw [conjecture]53
4984510102Constituto,ere, constitui, ConstitutumTo place, establish [constitution]54
4984510103Convenio, ire, conveni, conventumTo come together, gather, meet [convention]55
4984510104Copia,ae (f)Supply, resource Troops, supplies56
4984510105Discedo, ere, discessi, DiscessurusTo depart57
4984510106Eques, equitis (m)Horseman, knight, cavalry(ok) [equestrian]58
4984510107Exercitus,us(m)Army [exercise]59
4984510108Existimo, are, avi, atumTo think, conside60
4984510109Facile(adv)Easy [facilitate]61
4984510110Frumentum,iGrain62
4984510111Genus, generisBirth, origin, kind [generation]63
4984510112Germani, orumGermans64
4984510113Gravis,eHeavy, serious65
4984510114Interficio,ere,eci,ectTo kill66
4984510115LongeFar67
4984510116Manus, manusHand68
4984510117Mille, miliaThousand69
4984510118Mors, mortisDeath70
4984510119Nullus, a, umNo71
4984510120Numerus,iNumber72
4984510121Ordi, ordinis(m)Rank73
4984510122Persuadeo, ere, sausi, suasumTo persuade (w/dat)74
4984510123Proficiscor,i, profectus sumTo set out, depart75
4984510124Proximus,a,umNearest, next76
4984510125Publicus,a,umPublic77
4984510126QuamAs,than78
4984510127Recipio, ere, epi, eptumTo receive79
4984510128Rhenus,iRhine80
4984510129salus, salutis(f)well being, safety81
4984510130summus,a,umhighest [supreme]82
4984510131superior,superiusupper, higher, previous, more effective [summit]83
4984510132telum,ispear, javelin84
4984510133tempus,temporistime [temporary]85
4984510134tumthen86
4984510135utor,uti,usus sumto use87
4984510136vallum,ipalisade of stakes on top of an embankment88
4984510137volo,velle,voluito wish, want89
4984510138absum, abesse, afui, afuturumto be absent90
4984510139Aduatuci,orumaduactuci91
4984510140adventus,us(m)arrival, advance, attack92
4984510141ager, agriland93
4984510142aliqui,aliqua,aliquodsome, any94
4984510143animadverto,ere, i adimadversumto observe, notice95
4984510144antebefore96
4984510145appelo,are,avi,atumto name, call97
4984510146apudat the house of, with, among98
4984510147atbut99
4984510148barbari,orumbarbarians100
4984510149Belgae,arumBelgians101
4984510150Britannia,aeBritain102
4984510151casus,usaccident, chance, event [case]103
4984510152celeritas,tatisspeed104
4984510153celeriterquickly105
4984510154certus,a, umcertain106
4984510155circiterabout, approximately107
4984510156circumvenio,ire,eni,entumto suround108
4984510157cohors,horis(f)cohort109
4984510158colloco,are,avi,atumto arrange, plance [collocate]110
4984510159colloquor,i,collocutus sumto speak,converse [colloquial]111
4984510160communia,ecommmon112
4984510161compleo,ere,evi,etumto fill [completion]113
4984510162complures,compluraseveral114
4984510163comprehendo,ere,i,comprehensumto seize, snatch [comprehension]115
4984510164confirmo,are,avi,atumto confirm116
4984510165conor, conari,atus sumto try117
4984510166consisto,ere,constiti consitumto stand (together), to stop [consistent]118
4984510167conspicio, ere,conspexi, conspectumto catch sight of, see119
4984510168consuetudo,consuetudiniscustom120
4984510169consuevi, isse, consuetumto be accustomed121
4984510170contineo,ere,ui,contentumto hold, contain [contents]122
4984510171controversia,aedispute, controversy [controversial]123
4984510172defero, deferre,detuli,delatumto bring down, report [deference]124
4984510173demonstro,are,avi,atumto show, to describe [demonstrative]125
4984510174desum,desse,defui,defuturumto be lacking126
4984510175disciplina,aesystem [disciplinary]i127
4984510176Druides,umdruids128
4984510177duco,ere,duxi,ductumto lead, to consider [reduction]129
4984510178eburones,umeburones130
4984510179efficio,ere,eci,ectumto accomplish, perform [effective]131
4984510180egredior,i egressus sumto go out132
4984510181equitatus,us(m)cavalry133
4984510182etsialthough134
4984510183facultas,tatis (f)chance, opportunity135
4984510184ferealmost, usually136
4984510185filius,ison137
4984510186finitimus,a,umneighboring, brave,courageous138
4984510187gero, ere,gessi,gestumto wage, carry on, to do139
4984510188impedimenta,orumbaggage, rule,power140
4984510189impero,are,avi,atumto order, command [imperative]141
4984510190impetus,us(m)attack142
4984510191incito,are,avi,atumto rouse, incite [incite]143
4984510192inferro,inferre, intuli,inlatumto bring upon144
4984510193interimmeanwhile145
4984510194intermitto, ere, misi,missumto discontinue, leave off146
4984510195itathus,so147
4984510196itaqueand so148
4984510197ius,iuris(n)law, right justice authority149
4984510198ius iurandumoath150
4984510199licet, ere, uitto be allowed, permitted151
4984510200magnitudo, magnitudinis (f)magnitude, size152
4984510201maximevery greatly, in particular, especially153
4984510202minusless154
4984510203munitio,munitionis (f)fortification155
4984510204namfor156
4984510205Nervii, orumNervii157
4984510206nisiunless, if not, except158
4984510207nuntius, i (m)messenger,message [announce]159
4984510208obbecause of, for160
4984510209obses, obsidis (m/f)hostage161
4984510210obtineo,ere,ui,obtentumto hold, occupy [occupy]162
4984510211oppugnatio,onis (f)attack163
4984510212oppugno,are,avi,atumto attack164
4984510213passus,us (m)pace165
4984510214mille passummile166
4984510215pauluma little167
4984510216permoveo,ere,i, permotumto agitate, influence, move168
4984510217pertineo,ere,ui,pertentumto extend, to pertain, to relate [pertain]169
4984510218perturbo, are, avi, atumto disrupt, to rouse, to agitate [perturb]170
4984510219pervenio,ire,eni,entumto come through171
4984510220peto,ere,ivi,itumto look for,see,to ask, to atack [petition]172
4984510221plerumquefor the most part, generally173
4984510222pono,ere posui, positumto put, place [postpone]174
4984510223praemiumreward [premium]175
4984510224praestatumto fulfill, perform, to show, display176
4984510225premo,ere,pressi,pressumto press, opress177
4984510226privatus,a,umprviate178
4984510227profectio,profectionis(f)departure179
4984510228prohibeo,ere,ui,itumto prohibit, keep, restrain180
4984510229propterbecause of181
4984510230provincia,aeprovince182
4984510231pugna,aefight,battle [pugnacious]183
4984510232quidemindeed, even184
4984510233ratio,onisaccount,manner [rational]185
4984510234regnum,iruling power, kingdom186
4984510235relinquo,ere,i,relictumto leave [relinquish]187
4984510236Rhodanus,iRhone188
4984510237Sequani,orumSequani189
4984510238spero,are,avi,atumto hope [desperate]190
4984510239subsequor,i subsecutus sumto follow closely [consecutive]191
4984510240subsidium,ireserve troops, aid [subsidize]192
4984510241supero,are,ui,sustentumto sustain, support, to withstand, bear [sustenance]193
4984510242tantus,a,umso great194
4984510243tantus...quantusas much as195
4984510244teneo,ere,ui tentumto hold, keep [retention]196
4984510245tertius,a,umthird197
4984510246tollo,ere,sustuli,sublatumto lift,raise,to take up198
4984510247totus,a,umall, whole199
4984510248transeo,transire,transii,transitumto go across200
4984510249turris turris (f)tower [turret]201
4984510250ullus,a umany202
4984510251usus,us(m)use;practice;need203
4984510252uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, both204
4984510253victoria,aevictory205
4984510254altus,a,umhigh,lofty, deep, profound206
4984510255fero, ferre,tuli,latumto bring, carry [transfer]207
4984510256hichere208
4984510257ignis,ignis(m)fire, light209
4984510258nenot210
4984510259-neintroduces Q211
4984510260primus,a,umfirst212
4984510261scithis213
4984510262talis,esuch214
4984510263aliquis,a,idsomeone,anyone215
4984510264arx,arcis(f)fortress,citadel216
4984510265aspicio,ere,aspexi,aspectumto look at, behold [aspect]217
4984510266caput,capitis(n)head218
4984510267dexter,a umright, skillfull219
4984510268eo,ire,ii,itumto go220
4984510269erro,are,avi,atumto wander,err221
4984510270fama,aerumor,report222
4984510271fatum,ifate223
4984510272fluctus,iwave224
4984510273for,fari,fatus sumto say speak225
4984510274gens, genis(f)race, clan [gentile]226
4984510275ingens,ingentishuge227
4984510276iuebeo,ere,iussi,iussumto order to command [jussive]228
4984510277latus,a,umwide,extensive [latitude]229
4984510278litus,litorisshore230
4984510279medius,a,ummiddle231
4984510280os,oris(n)mouth [oral]232
4984510281regnum,ikingdom233
4984510282saxum,iboulder,stone234
4984510283Troia,aeTroy235
4984510284umbra,aeshadow,shade,ghost [umbrella]236
4984510285unda,aewave, water237
4984510286ventus,iwind, breeze [vent]238
4984510287adversus,a,umopposite239
4984510288aequor,oris(n)sea240
4984510289agmen,agminis(n)battle line, multitude, column241
4984510290ait(defective vb)she says242
4984510291antrum,icave243
4984510292aperio,ire,ui,apertumto open,uncover,disclose244
4984510293ara,aealtar245
4984510294arddeo,ere,arsi,arsumto burn246
4984510295ater,a,umblack,dark,deadly [atrium]247
4984510296aura,aeair,breeze248
4984510297clamor,orisshout249
4984510298classis,classis(f)fleet, division250
4984510299comes,comitis(m/f)friend,comrade,companion251
4984510300coniunx,coniugisspouse [conjugate]252
4984510301cor,crodis(n)heart,spirit, feelings [cordial]253
4984510302corripio,ere,ui,correptumto seize,snatch, grab254
4984510303credo,credere,credidi,creditumto believe255
4984510304crudelis,crudelecreul256
4984510305cursus,cursus(m)running,running course, haste257
4984510306Danaus,i (m)Greek, of Danaus258
4984510307demitto,ere,demisi,demissumto drop,let down, shed259
4984510308dolor, doloris (f)pain260
4984510309extemus,a,umoutermost,farthest,final261
4984510310ferrum,iiron,tool,sword262
4984510311finis,finis(m)end, boundary263
4984510312flama,aeflame264
4984510313fuga,aeflight,escape265
4984510314furo,ere,uito rage,rave, be out of one's mind266
4984510315gemitus,us (m)groan,sighing,complaint267
4984510316harena,ae (f)sand, beach [arena]268
4984510317heualas269
4984510318immanis,ehuge270
4984510319imperium,isupreme power, sovereignty271
4984510320impono,ere,imposui,impositiumto put on272
4984510321imus,a,umdeepest, the last273
4984510322intereameanwhile274
4984510323lacrima,aetear275
4984510324laetus,a,umhappy,delighted276
4984510325lateo,ere,uito hide,conceal,lurk277
4984510326Libya,aeLibya278
4984510327limen,limenisthreshold279
4984510328locus,i (m)place280
4984510329metus,metus(m)fear281
4984510330miror,arei,atus sumto wonder,be astonished282
4984510331misceo,ere,ui,mixtumto mix283
4984510332moenia,iumwalls284
4984510333moles,molis(f)mass, weight285
4984510334morior,mori,mortuus sumto die286
4984510335moveo,ere,movi,motumto move287
4984510336murus,icity wall, wall288
4984510337natus,idescendant [natal]289
4984510338numen,numinis(n)divine power290
4984510339opus,operis(n)work,labor291
4984510340oar,aeshore, coast292
4984510341oro,are,avi,atumto beg, plead,pray293
4984510342paro,are,avi,atumto prepare294
4984510343pietas,pietatis(f)loyalty295
4984510344pontus,isea,waves296
4984510345puppis,puppis(f)stern,ship297
4984510346quaero,ere,quaesivi,quaesitumto see look for298
4984510347qualis,eof what sort299
4984510348rapio,ere,ui,tumto grab, tear, whirl300
4984510349ripa,aebank(of a river),shore301
4984510350ruo,ere,rui,itumto rush,hurry,fall down [ruin]302
4984510351sacer,a,umsacred303
4984510352saevus,a,umsavage304
4984510353sanguis,sanguinius(m)blood305
4984510354scopulus,i (m)cliff, rock, ledge306
4984510355sedes,sedis(f)sweat;dwelling,foundation [sedentary,sedate]307
4984510356servo,are,avi,atumto save308
4984510357sidus,sideris(n)constellation; sky, heaven [consider]309
4984510358silva,aeforest310
4984510359socius,ially, friend [society]311
4984510360sors,sortis(f)luck,fate312
4984510361surgo,ere,surexi,surrectumto rise,get up,ascend [ressurect]313
4984510362tantumso much314
4984510363tectum,iroof,house [protect]315
4984510364tellus,telluris(f)earth, land,ground316
4984510365telum,ispear,javelin317
4984510366templum,itemple318
4984510367tendo,ere,tetendi,tentumto stretch,extend,present; to aim[intend]319
4984510368Teucri,orumTrojans,descendants of teucer320
4984510369totso many,as many321
4984510370turbo,turbinis(m)whirlwind,tornado322
4984510371Tyrius,a,umTyrian, form Tyre323
4984510372varius,a, umvarious324
4984510373vastus,a,umvast325
4984510374veor326
4984510375vertex, verticiswhirlpool,summit,peak327
4984510376vis,visforce328
4984510377vulnus,vulneris(n)wound329
4984510378vultus,us(m)face,appearance,expression330
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