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AP Spanish Language and Culture: El Turismo Flashcards

2404524870	el turismo	tourism	0
2404524871	los medios de transporte	means of transportation, conveyances, transportation	1
2404524872	los botes	small boat; rowboat; life boat	2
2404524873	abordar	to board; to get on	3
2404524874	atravesar	to cross (the street)	4
2404524875	el barco de vapor	steamboat	5
2404524876	los billetes	tickets; money bills	6
2404524877	el boleto	ticket	7
2404524878	los camarotes	cabin	8
2404524879	el crucero	cruise, cruiser, cruise ship	9
2404524880	desembarcar	to disembark; to get off; to go ashore	10
2404524881	los muelles	dock, wharf, quay, pier	11
2404524882	la navegación	navigation, sailing	12
2404524883	las naves	ship, boat, vessel; airplane, plane	13
2404524884	la piscina	pool, swimming pool	14
2404524885	los aviones	plane, airplane, aircraft	15
2404524886	abrocharse	to fasten up	16
2404524887	el aeromozo	flight attendant; air steward, stewardess	17
2404524888	el asiento	seat; post	18
2404524889	el aterrizaje	landing	19
2404524890	aterrizar	to land; to touch down	20
2404524891	la azafata	flight attendant; stewardess	21
2404524892	la cabina	(airplane) cockpit; (truck) cabin	22
2404524893	despegar	to take off; to lift off; to blast off	23
2404524894	el despegue	takeoff	24
2404524895	la escala	layover; stop	25
2404524896	el vuelo	flight	26
2404524897	la parada	(bus) stop; (taxi) stand; (football) save; (baseball) catch	27
2404524898	los coches	car, automobile, motor car; (rail) car, carriage, coach	28
2404524899	alquilado/a	rented; hired; chartered	29
2404524900	el autobús	bus	30
2404524901	el carnet	identity card, ID card	31
2404524902	los cinturones	seatbelt; beltway	32
2404524903	los frenos	brakes	33
2404524904	el taxi	taxi, cab	34
2404524905	el volante	steering wheel	35
2404524906	los trenes	train; landing gear	36
2404524907	el andén	pavement; sidewalk	37
2404524908	la estación	station, terminal, bus depot	38
2404524909	ferroviario/a	railwayman, railway worker	39
2404524910	el metro	subway	40
2404524911	los modismos	idiom	41
2404524912	hacer cola	Los pobres tienen que "hacer cola" antes de la aduana. The poor have to queue (line up) before customs. to line up; to form a line; to wait in line	42
2404524913	justo	La agencia de viajes está "justo" al lado de la estación de trenes. The travel agency is right next to the train station. right	43
2404524914	divertirse	Los pasajeros "se divierten" conversando y contando chistes. The passengers have fun talking and telling jokes. to have fun; to have a good time; amuse yourself	44
2404524915	pasarlo bien	Los hijos de los pasajeros también "lo pasan bien" conversando y contando chistes. The children of the passengers also have a good time talking and telling jokes. to have a good time	45
2404524916	pasar un buen rato	Mientras tanto los agentes de viaje "pasan un buen rato" ahorrando y contando su dinero. Meanwhile travel agents have a good time saving and counting his money. to have a good time	46
2404524917	juegos de palabras	puns	47
2404524918	enterarse	Siempre "me entero" de la situación. I always hear about the situation. to find out	48
2404524919	enterrar	Los parientes del viejo coronel lo "entierran" hoy. Relatives bury the old colonel today. to bury; to cover up; to cover	49
2404524920	pretender	Los buenos estudiantes siempre "pretenden" estudiar duro todos. Good students always intended to study hard everyone. to intend(?); to hope; to expect; to claim	50
2404524921	aparentar	Yo sé que José es culpable aunque él "aparenta" no saber nada del caso. I know that Joseph is guilty even though he pretends not to know anything about the case. to feign; to pretend	51
2404524922	un bello	Es "un bello" arte saber participar en las bellas artes. It's a beautiful art knowing participate in the arts. beautiful	52
2404524923	las bella	Es un bello arte saber participar en "las bellas" artes. It's a beautiful art knowing participate in the arts. beauty	53
2404524924	despedirse	Cuando nuestro amigo "se despida" de nosotros, le daremos una fiesta de bienvenida que nunca olvidará. When our friend goodbye to us, we will give a welcome party will never forget. to say goodbye; to bid farewell; to see off	54
2404524925	bienvenida	Cuando nuestro amigo se despida de nosotros, le daremos una fiesta de "bienvenida" que nunca olvidará. When our friend goodbye to us, we will give a welcome party will never forget. welcome	55
2404524926	a principios de	Mi amigo Juan sale "a principios de" enero, mi hermana se marcha a mediados del mes y yo a fines del mismo mes. My friend John out in early January, my sister up in mid and late November. at the beginning of	56
2404524927	a mediados del	Mi amigo Juan sale a principios de enero, mi hermana se marcha "a mediados del" mes y yo a fines del mismo mes. My friend John out in early January, my sister up in mid and late November. mid	57
2404524928	a fines del	Mi amigo Juan sale a principios de enero, mi hermana se marcha a mediados del mes y yo "a fines del" mismo mes. My friend John out in early January, my sister up in mid and late November. late	58
2404524929	Conozco al viajero por las maletas.	I know the traveler from the luggage.	59
2404524930	para llevar	to take away	60
2404524931	la brújula	compass	61
2404524932	los boletos de ida y vuelta	tickets (the long phrase)	62
2404524933	los folletos de información	information leaflets	63
2404524934	el maletín de cuero	leather briefcase; leather suitcase	64
2404524935	los mapas de carreteras	road maps	65
2404524936	la mochila	book bag, backpack, shoulder bag	66
2404524937	el pasaporte	passport; ticket	67
2404524938	el plano de la ciudad	city map	68
2404524939	los personas	person (people)	69
2404524940	el/la guía	guide	70
2404524941	los pasajeros/as	passengers	71
2404524942	los pilotos	pilots	72
2404524943	los policías	police	73
2404524944	los/las turistas	tourists	74
2404524945	lugares turísticos	tourist place	75
2404524946	las aldeas pintorescas	picturesque villages	76
2404524947	los barrios de diferentes grupos étnicos	neighborhoods of different ethnic groups	77
2404524948	la capital cultural del país	cultural capital	78
2404524949	las fuentes iluminadas	illuminated sources	79
2404524950	las ruinas indígenas	Indian ruins	80
2404524951	las islas aisladas	isolated islands	81
2404524952	los jardines ornamentales	ornamental gardens	82
2404524953	los parques históricos	historic parks	83
2404524954	las avenidas peatonales	pedestrian avenues	84
2404524955	las plazas majestuosas	majestic squares	85
2404524956	las oficinas de turismo	tourist offices	86
2404524957	preparativos	preparations	87
2404524958	ir al ayuntamiento por los documentos	to go to city hall for documents	88
2404524959	recibir una vacuna	to get a vaccination	89
2404524960	hacer las maletas	to pack your bags	90
2404524961	poner boletos, mapas y pasaporte en el maletín	to put tickets, maps and passport in a suitcase	91
2404524962	los placeres de viajar	pleasures of traveling	92
2404524963	ir de compras	to go shopping	93
2404524964	visitar los cuadernos en el museo	to visit the notebooks (ship logs) in the museum	94
2404524965	experimentar costumbres y culturas distintas	to experience different customs and cultures	95
2404524966	compartir nuevos descubrimientos	to share new discoveries	96
2404524967	volar a lugares exóticos	to fly to exotic places	97
2404524968	sacar fotos	to take pictures	98
2404524969	aprender otro idioma	to learn another language	99
2404524970	visitar la ópera	to visit the opera	100
2404524971	apreciar los paisajes pintorescos	to appreciate the picturesque scenery	101
2404524972	los disgustos de viajar	dislikes of traveling	102
2404524973	aguantar las demoras	to endure delays	103
2404524974	estar desorientado/a	disoriented	104
2404524975	extrañar a los amigos	to surprise friends	105
2404524976	tratar a los mendigos agresivos	to treat aggressive beggars	106
2404524977	contagiar el paludismo	to spread malaria	107
2404524978	protegerse de los carteristas	to protect yourself from pickpockets	108
2404524979	el avión; el aeroplano	airplane	109
2404524980	el escúter; la vespa	scooter; moped	110
2404524981	la motocicleta	motorcycle	111
2404524982	la caminata	hike	112
2404524983	hacer footing; correr	run or jog	113
2404524984	el coche; el carro	car	114
2404524985	descansar en la playa? leer el periódico? tomar el sol?	lounge on the beach? read the newspaper? sun tan?	115
2404524986	el aeropuerto	airport	116
2404524987	la camioneta	truck (pick-up)	117
2404524988	la tren; el monorraíl; el monocarril	train? monorail?	118
2404524989	pescar?	fishing? fly fishing?	119
2404524990	los deportes	pescar a mosca	120
2404524991	echar de menos a	"Echo de menos a" los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. to miss	121
2404524992	cuanto más	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. "Cuanto más" yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. the more	122
2404524993	más	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, "más" estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. more	123
2404524994	hacerse	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas "se hacían" héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. to become	124
2404524995	volverse	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. "Me volvía" loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. to turn; to become; to get; to go	125
2404524996	llegar a ser	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque "llegaban a ser" más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que me puse enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. to become	126
2404524997	ponerse	Echo de menos a los beisbolistas de mi infancia. Cuanto más yo seguía sus carreras, más estos aletas se hacían héroes en mi imaginación. Me volvía loco por ellos porque llegaban a ser más grandes que la vida. Recuerdo que "me puse" enojado con mis padres cuando no me permitieron ir a verlos. I miss my childhood baseball players. The more I followed their careers, plus these fins became heroes in my imagination. It drove me crazy for them because they were becoming larger than life. I remember I got angry with my parents when not let me go see them. to set; to put yourself	127
2404524998	en realidad	"En realidad" estudia más actualmente de lo que estudiaba en el pasado. Actually studying more now than studying in the past. in reality	128
2404524999	actualmente	En realidad estudia más "actualmente" de lo que estudiaba en el pasado. Actually studying more now than studying in the past. at present; presently; currently	129
2404525000	valiente	El toro "valiente" se puso muy bravo al ver el capote del matador. The brave bull was too rough to see the cloak matador. courageous; brave; valiant	130
2404525001	bravo	El toro valiente se puso muy "bravo" al ver el capote del matador. The brave bull was too rough to see the cloak matador. brave; valiant	131
2404525002	darse cuenta	El estudiante "se dio cuenta" de que su equipo no había realizado su meta de marcar un gol más que el año pasado. The student realized that his team had not realized its goal to score a goal more than last year. to realize; to become aware	132
2404525003	haber realizado	El estudiante se dio cuenta de que su equipo no "había realizado" su meta de marcar un gol más que el año pasado. The student realized that his team had not realized its goal to score a goal more than last year. to have made; to have realized	133
2404525004	el/la atleta	athlete	134
2404525005	ágil	agile; nimble; flexible	135
2404525006	agresivo/a	agressive	136
2404525007	apasionado/a	passionate	137
2404525008	fuerte	strong; resilient	138
2404525009	hábil	good at something; skilled	139
2404525010	los profesionales	professionals	140
2404525011	el patrocinador	sponsor; patron	141
2404525012	el cazatalentos	recruiter; talent scout	142
2404525013	la liga	league	143
2404525014	el atletismo	track and field	144
2404525015	la carrera	race	145
2404525016	corredor(a)	runner	146
2404525017	correr	to run	147
2404525018	el lanzamiento de disco	discus throw	148
2404525019	el lanzamiento de jabalina	javelin	149
2404525020	el lanzamiento de peso	shot put	150
2404525021	la pista	track	151
2404525022	el salto de altura	high jump	152
2404525023	para ponerse en forma	to get fit	153
2404525024	estirar todo el cuerpo	to stretch the entire body	154
2404525025	hacer las lagartijas	to do push-ups (lizards)	155
2404525026	hacer los abdominales	to do abs	156
2404525027	hacer mucho esfuerzo	to make much effort	157
2404525028	levantar pesas	weightlifting	158
2404525029	el entrenamiento mental	mental training	159
2404525030	aguantar el dolor	to put up with pain	160
2404525031	manifestar orgullo	to express pride	161
2404525032	mantener buen espíritu	to maintain good spirit	162
2404525033	mostrar coraje	coraje (masculino) to show courage	163
2404525034	tener much ánimo	to have a lot of ecouragement	164
2404525035	el béisbol	baseball	165
2404525036	el boxeo	boxing	166
2404525037	el buceo	diving	167
2404525038	el ciclismo	cycling	168
2404525039	el esquí	skii	169
2404525040	el hockey sobre hielo	ice hockey	170
2404525041	la lucha	fight	171
2404525042	la natación	swimming	172
2404525043	el tenis	tennis	173
2404525044	el tiro	shot, gunshot; throw	174
2404525045	las acciones	actions	175
2404525046	batear un jonrón	to hit a home run	176
2404525047	golpear	to hit; to knock; to punch; to beat up	177
2404525048	bucear	to swim underwater; to dive; to scuba dive	178
2404525049	pedalear	to pedal	179
2404525050	esquiar	to skii	180
2404525051	patinar	to ice skate	181
2404525052	luchar	to fight	182
2404525053	nadar	to swim	183
2404525054	pegar la pelota	to hit a ball	184
2404525055	tirar	to throw	185
2404525056	el equipo	team	186
2404525057	el bate	to bat	187
2404525058	los guantes	gloves	188
2404525059	los tanques	tanks	189
2404525060	la bicicleta	bicycle	190
2404525061	los esquíes	skis	191
2404525062	el palo	golf club	192
2404525063	el talento	talent	193
2404525064	el bañador	swimsuit	194
2404525065	la raqueta	racquet	195
2404525066	el rifle	rifle	196
2404525067	las instalaciones	facilities	197
2404525068	el estadio	stadium	198
2404525069	el ring	wrestling ring	199
2404525070	el mar	sea; ocean	200
2404525071	la montaña	mountain	201
2404525072	el gimnasio	gymnasium	202
2404525073	la cancha	court	203
2404525074	el campo	field; golf course	204
2404525075	el fútbol	soccer	205
2404525076	los delanteros	forwards	206
2404525077	el balón	ball	207
2404525078	la defensa	defense	208
2404525079	los medio campistas	midfielders	209
2404525080	meter un gol	to score a goal	210
2404525081	la portería	goal	211
2404525082	adversario	opposing	212
2404525083	el/la árbitro/a	referee; umpire	213
2404525084	el/la capitán	captain	214
2404525085	el campeonato	championship; competition; tournament	215
2404525086	entrenarse	coach; drill	216
2404525087	los partidos	game; competition; match	217
2404525088	la prática	practice	218
2404525089	los torneos	tournament	219
2404525090	el baloncesto	basketball	220
2404525091	el cesto	basket	221
2404525092	coger	to take	222
2404525093	encestar	to throw into the basket; to score a basket; to score a goal	223
2404525094	lanzar	to launch into the air; to throw	224
2404525095	el campeón/ la campeona	champion	225
2404525096	ganar	to win	226
2404525097	el/la ganador(a)	winner	227
2404525098	el éxito	success; win	228
2404525099	el/la triunfador(a)	winner; victor	229
2404525100	el triunfo	win; victory	230
2404525101	vencer	to beat; to defeat	231
2404525102	la victoria	victory	232
2404525103	La Copa Mundial	The World Cup	233
2404525104	El campeonato	The Championships	234

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Week 6 AP Language Flashcards

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5455711758	Prevalent	widespread in a particular area at a particular time	0
5455713574	Delineate	describe or portray (something) precisely	1
5455713575	Partial	favoring one side in a dispute above the other	2
5455715513	Concise	giving a lot of information clearly and in a few words	3
5455720172	Elucidate	make (something, such as an idea) clear	4
5455723686	Resigned	accept that something undesirable cannot be avoided	5
5455726018	Expedient	convenient and impractical, although impossibly improper or immoral	6
5455726019	Scrutiny	critical observation or examination	7
5455731052	Dismiss	order or allow to leave	8
5455734035	Quandary	a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation	9

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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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5989762114	Ad hominem argument	Argument that appeals to emotion rather than reason, to feeling rather than intellect	0
5989762115	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. i.e. Animal Farm characters; The Crucible	1
5989762116	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words	2
5989762117	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work or art purpose: writer does not have to elaborate	3
5989762118	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage	4
5989762119	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; using something well known to help explain something not as well known. (similar to simile)	5
5989762120	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	6
5989762121	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or moral principle; a memorable summation of the author's point	7
5989762122	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love and adds familiarity or emotion intensity	8
5989762123	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.	9
5989762124	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	10
5989762125	Colloquial	The use of slang or in formalities in speech or writing. Gives work a conversational, familiar tone. Often used to express regional or local dialects	11
5989762126	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness due to the unusual comparison	12
5989762127	Connotation	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning	13
5989762128	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color	14
5989762129	Diction	Related to style, refers to the writer's word choice	15
5989762130	Didactic	Meaning "teaching", it has the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially of moral or ethical principles	16
5989762131	Euphemism	A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Can be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness, or to add humor or ironic understatement	17
5989762132	Extended metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work	18
5989762133	Figurative language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid	19
5989762134	Figure of speech	A device used to produce figurative language, Many compare dissimilar things	20
5989762135	Generic conventions	This term describes traditions for each genre and helps define each genre. For example, they differentiate between an essay and journalistic writing and an autobiography and political writing	21
5989762136	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry , and drama	22
5989762137	Homily	This term literally means "sermon" but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	23
5989762138	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement for emphasis	24
5989762139	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, uses terms related to the five senses	25
5989762140	Inference	To draw reasonable conclusion from the information presented	26
5989762141	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	27
5989762142	Irony	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true	28
5989762143	Verbal irony	The words literally state the opposite of the writers or speakers true meaning	29
5989762144	Situational irony	Events turn out the opposite of what was expected	30
5989762145	Dramatic irony	Facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work	31
5989762146	Loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. Makes work often seem informal, relaxed, and conversational	32
5989762147	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other	33
5989762148	Metonymy	A figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. Example: the White House declared instead of the President declared	34
5989762149	Mood	The overall feel of the writing (created by writer; determined by reader)	35
5989762150	Indicative mood	used only for factual sentences "Joe eats too quickly"	36
5989762151	Subjunctive mood	Used for a doubtful or conditional attitude "If I were you, I would get another job."	37
5989762152	Imperative mood	Used for commands "Shut the door!"	38
5989762153	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events	39
5989762154	Onomatopoeia	A figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words	40
5989762155	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish" a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Example: Jumbo Shrimp	41
5989762156	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity	42
5989762157	Parallelism	Refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity; structuring in generally same way to link them all	43
5989762158	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. It distorts or exaggerates distinctive features of the original	44
5989762159	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	45
5989762160	Periodic sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone	46
5989762161	Point of view	The perspective from which a story is told	47
5989762162	First-person narrator	Tells the story with the first-person pronoun "I" and is a character in the story.	48
5989762163	Third person narrator	Relates the events with the third person pronouns, "he, she it"	49
5989762164	Third person omniscient	the narrator, with god-like knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters	50
5989762165	Third person limited omniscient	Presents the feelings and thoughts of only the actions of all remaining characters	51
5989762166	Predicate adjectives	One type of subject complement- an adjective, group of adjectives, or adjective clauses that follows a linking verb Example: My boyfriend is tall, dark, and handsome. Tall, dark and handsome is describing boyfriend	52
5989762167	Predicate nominative	A second type of subject complement- a noun, group of nouns, or noun clauses that renames the subject Example: "Lincoln was a man of integrity" Man of integrity describes Lincoln	53
5989762168	Prose	One of the major divisions of genre, refers to fiction and nonfiction, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech	54
5989762169	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate of any element of language	55
5989762170	Rhetoric	From the Greek "orator" describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively	56
5989762171	Rhetorical modes	Describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing	57
5989762172	Exposition	To explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion	58
5989762173	Argumentation	To prove the validity of an idea, point of view, by presenting sound reasoning	59
5989762174	Sarcasm	Bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	60
5989762175	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies, or social institutions or conventions for reform or ridicule	61
5989762176	Style	An author's sum of choices that he or she makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices	62
5989762177	Subject complement	The word or clause that follows a linking verb and complements, or completes, the subject of the sentence by renaming it or describing it	63
5989762178	Subordinate clause	Contains a subject and a verb but can not stand alone	64
5989762179	Syllogism	From the Greek "reckoning together" this term is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises, first major and second minor Major premise: All men are mortal. Minor premise: Socrates is a man. Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.	65
5989762180	Symbol	Anything that represents or stands for something else	66
5989762181	Natural symbols	Use objects and occurrences from nature to represent ideas commonly associated with them I.e. Dawn and new beginnings	67
5989762182	Conventional symbols	Those that have been invested with meaning by a group i.e. Star of David	68
5989762183	Literary symbols	They are found in a variety of literature and are generally recognized i.e. whale in Moby Dick	69
5989762184	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences	70
5989762185	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers to life	71
5989762186	Thesis	Statement that is a sentence that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or preposition	72
5989762187	Tone	Describes the author's attitude toward his or her material or the audience	73
5989762188	Transition	A word or phrase that links different ideas	74
5989762189	Understatement	The ironic minimalizing of fact, presenting something less significant than it actually is. Makes a work humorous and emphatic;A statement that lacks emphasis and is given less force than normal.	75
5989762190	Wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	76
5989762191	Attitude	A writer's intellectual position or emotion regarding the subject of the writing (related to tone)	77
5989762192	Concrete detail	A non abstract detail asked on essay portion	78
5989762193	Descriptive detail	Detail appealing to the visual sense of the reader	79
5989762194	Devices	The figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect	80
5989762195	Language	how the elements of this combine to form a whole (diction, syntax, figurative language, etc)	81
5989762196	Narrative devices	The tools of the storyteller such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial time	82
5989762197	Narrative technique	The style of telling the story, especially the order of events and their detail	83
5989762198	Persuasive devices	The words in the passage that have strong connotations hint at this. Words that intensify the emotional effect	84
5989762199	Persuasive essay	An essay that leads to appeal to the audience's emotion or ethical standards to make them feel or support the author's position	85
5989762200	Resources of language	All the devices of composition available to a writer such as diction, syntax, sentence structure, etc	86
5989762201	Rhetorical features	Refers to how a passage is constructed. Look at the passage's organization and how the writer combines images, details, or arguments	87
5989762202	Sentence structure	The type of sentences the author uses; the simple, compound, complex types of this	88
5989762203	Bathos	the sudden appearance of the commonplace in otherwise elevated matter or style; insincere or overdone pathos	89
5989762205	Litotes	(Similar to understatement) Emphasizes a point by using a word opposite to the condition.	90
5989762206	Antithesis	A structure that places contrasting ideas next to each other.	91
5989762207	Hypophora	Asking a question, then answering it too.	92
5989762208	Rhetorical Question	A question that is asked to create an effect, not really to be answered.	93
5989762209	Procatalepsis	(Form of hypophora) Eliminates an objection without asking any questions.	94
5989762210	Distinctio	Giving the definition of a word so that the word isn't taken the wrong way.	95
5989762211	Simile	A figure of speech using "like" or "as" to compare two thing somewhat alike.	96
5989762213	Eponym	(Similar to allusion) Linking the attributes of a well known person to another person.	97
5989762214	Sententia	A quotation or wise saying. Can be a quote from a person.	98
5989762215	Exemplum	Providing the reader with an example to illustrate what the author means. Fictional examples need to be hypothetical.	99
5989762216	Climax	Organizing ideas in writing from least to most important.	100
5989762218	Chiasmus	(Form of parallelism) The structure of two lines are crisscrossed. The beginning of the first is at the end of the second and vice versa.	101
5989762219	Anadiplosis	(Form of repetition) Repeating the last word of a phrase or sentence near the beginning of the next.	102
5989762220	Conduplicatio	(Form of repetition) Take an important word in the previous sentence or phrase and repeats it at the beginning of the next.	103
5989762221	Metabasis	A summary of a previous body of work that allows the reader to move on to a new point.	104
5989762222	Parenthesis	A device that is used to insert additional information into the main body of the writing.Equivalent to the spoken aside.	105
5989762223	Enumeratio	A list of details about something that is supplied.	106
5989762224	Antanagoge	Making negative things seem not as bad so the reader doesn't feel as strongly about them.	107
5989762226	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions in lists or between phrases, words, or clauses.	108
5989762227	Polysyndeton	(The stylistic Opposite of asyndeton) Deliberate use of conjunctions.	109
5989762228	Zeugma	Linking unexpected items together by a shared word.	110
5989762229	Synecdoche	(Similar to metonymy) Using part of something to refer to another thing as a larger whole.	111
5989762230	Hyperbaton	Purposely arranging words in an unexpected order.	112
5989762231	Aporia	Used to express doubt about an idea.	113
5989762232	Anaphora	The use of the same word or phrase at the beginning of each phrase or sentence.	114
5989762233	Epistrophe	(Similar to anaphora) The use of the same word or phrase at the end of each phrase or sentence.	115
5989762234	Symploce	(Form of parallelism) A combination of using a word or phrase repeatedly at the beginning or end of a phrase or sentence.	116
5989762235	Amplification	Repeating something just said but adding more detail to it.	117
5989762236	Personification	Giving human-like traits to something not human.	118
5989762237	Parataxis	A series of clauses without conjunctions.	119
5989762238	Enthymeme	An abbreviated, informal structured argument with a major and minor premises, both assumed true, making the audience assume the conclusion is also true.	120
5989762239	Trope	A figure of speech in which words are used in a way that changes their meanings.	121
5989762240	Polemic	An attack during an argument that hits the opposing point of view.	122
5989762241	Equivocation	A fallacy that uses a word with two meanings but concludes the word to have only one meaning.	123
5989762242	Phronesis	Effects Ethos in making it seem the speaker has the wisdom to judge right from wrong.	124
5989762243	Red Herring	A remark that distracts or sidetracks from the original subject of argument.	125
5989762244	Straw Man	A fallacy that attacks the weaker side of the argument and not the issue at hand.	126
5989762245	Hortatory	Speech or writing that urges or commands the audience to do something.	127
5989762246	Persona	A voice or mask that is used with acting or speaking that the person uses for a particular reason.	128
5989762247	Absolute	A word free from limitations or qualifications	129
5989762248	Adage	A familiar proverb or wise saying	130
5989762249	Archetype	A detail, image, or character type that appears frequently in literature and is thought to appeal in a universal way	131
5989762250	Balanced sentence	A sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast	132
5989762251	Cliche'	An expression that has been overused to the extent that its freshness has worn off	133
5989762252	Colloquialism	A word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't)	134
5989762253	Complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	135
5989762254	Compound sentence	Contains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.	136
5989762255	loose (cumulative) sentence	A sentence in which the main independent clause is elaborated by the successive addition of modifying clauses or phrases (main clause is at the beginning)	137
5989762256	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement or declaration	138
5989762257	Dialect	A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.	139
5989762258	Dilemma	a difficult or perplexing situation or problem requiring a person to decide between two equally attractive or unattractive alternatives	140
5989762259	Dissonance	harsh, inharmonious sounds	141
5989762260	Elegy	a sorrowful formal poem or speech about death or another solemn theme	142
5989762261	Ellipsis	Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.	143
5989762262	Epic	A long narrative poem, written in heightened language, which recounts the deeds of a heroic character who embodies the values of a particular society	144
5989762263	Epigram	A brief witty poem, often satirical.	145
5989762264	Epigraph	a saying or statement on a title page of a work, or used as a heading for a chapter or other section of a work	146
5989762265	Epiphany	A moment of sudden revelation or insight	147
5989762266	Epitaph	a brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone	148
5989762267	Eulogy	a speech honoring the dead	149
5989762268	Exclamatory sentence	A sentence expressing strong feeling, usually punctuated with an exclamation mark	150
5989762269	Expletive	an interjection to lend emphasis; often a profanity	151
5989762270	Fable	A brief story that leads to a moral, often using animals as characters	152
5989762271	Fantasy	A story including elements that are impossible or make-believe.	153
5989762272	Flashback	A method of narration in which present action is temporarily interrupted so that the reader can witness past events	154
5989762273	Flat character	A character who is not well-developed, but rather one-dimensional ; he/she has only one or two personality traits	155
5989762274	Foreshadowing	A narrative device that hints at coming events; often builds suspense or anxiety in the reader.	156
5989762275	Frame device	a story within a story. An example is Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, in which the primary tales are told within the "frame story" of the pilgrimage to Canterbury	157
5989762276	Hubris	Excessive pride or arrogance that results in the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy	158
5989762277	Hypothetical question	a question that asks how a respondent might react in a given situation	159
5989762278	Idiom	A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.	160
5989762279	Implication	A suggestion an author or speaker makes (implies) without stating it directly. NOTE: the author/sender implies; the reader/audience infers.	161
5989762280	Jargon	specialized technical terminology; a characteristic language of a particular group	162
5989762281	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	163
5989762282	Legend	A narrative story about mythical or supernatural beings or events handed down from the past	164
5989762283	Limerick	A five line poem in which lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyme and lines 3 and 4 rhyme.	165
5989762284	Literary license	deviating from normal rules or methods in order to achieve a certain effect	166
5989762285	Malapropism	the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar	167
5989762286	Maxim	A concise statement, often offering advice; an adage	168
5989762287	Motif	A recurring element, such as an image, theme, or type of incident.	169
5989762288	Motivation	A character's incentive or reason for behaving in a certain manner; that which impels a character to act	170
5989762289	Myth	a traditional story where supernatural characters and events are used to explain a natural event	171
5989762290	Non sequitur	An argument where claim, reasons and warrants don't connect logically, and one point doesn't follow another.	172
5989762291	Parenthetical	a comment that interrupts the immediate subject, often to qualify or explain	173
5989762292	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	174
5989762293	Logos	Appeal to logic; facts	175
5989762294	Ethos	Appeal to ethics; credibility	176
5989762295	Philippic	A bitter verbal attack	177
5989762296	Pun	Play on words; achieved through the use of words with similar sounds but different meanings	178
5989762297	Resolution	Also called the denouement, this is the final stage in the plot of a drama or work of fiction. Here the action comes to an end and remaining loose ends are tied up.	179
5989762298	Round character	A character who demonstrates some complexity and who develops or changes in the course of a work	180
5989762299	Romantic	19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason	181
5989762300	Scapegoat	a person or thing carrying the blame for others	182
5989762301	Simple sentence	A sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause	183
5989762302	Solecism	Nonstandard grammatical usage; a violation of grammatical rules	184
5989762303	Structure	Arrangement of parts	185
5989762304	Surrealism	An artistic movement that displayed vivid dream worlds and fantastic unreal images	186
5989762305	Syllepsis	A construction in which one word is used in two different senses ("After he threw the ball, he threw a fit.")	187
5989762306	Synesthesia	describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")	188
5989762307	Tautology	needless repetition using different but equivalent words; a redundancy (ex: widow woman, free gift)	189
5989762308	Trilogy	A group of three literary or musical works that have a related theme	190
5989762309	Trite	commonplace; overused, stale	191
5989762310	Vernacular	Everyday language used in a country or region.	192
5989762311	Archaism	A word, expression, spelling, or phrase that is out of date in the common speech of an era, but still deliberately used by a writer, poet, or playwright for artistic purposes	193
5989762312	Authorial intrusion	literary device wherein the author penning the story, poem or prose steps away from the text and speaks out to the reader.	194
5989762313	Idyll	A scene or event of a simple and tranquil nature	195
5989762314	Socratic irony	someone pretends to be ignorant to expose the ignorance or inconsistency of someone else.	196
5989762315	Ironic overstatement	when a person exaggerates the character of something.	197
5989762316	Ironic understatement	when a person undermines the character of something.	198
5989762317	Melodrama	a play interspersed with songs and orchestral music accompanying the action	199
5989762318	Absolute metaphor	a metaphor (or figurative comparison) in which one of the terms (the tenor) can't be readily distinguished from the other (the vehicle).Example: "We are the eyelids of defeated caves."	200
5989762319	Active metaphor	one which is relatively new and has not become part of everyday linguistic usage. The audience knows that a metaphor has been used.	201
5989762320	Dead metaphor	metaphors that normally go unnoticed or that are cliché	202
5989762321	Mixed metaphor	a metaphor that combines different images or ideas in a way that is foolish or illogical	203
5989762322	Submerged metaphor	one in which the vehicle is implied, or indicated by one aspect. Example: "my winged thought". Here, the audience must supply the image of the bird.	204
5989762323	Neoclassical drama	Neoclassicism covers the period from the end of the English Renaissance in 1642 to the culmination of the French Revolution and the beheading of Louis the XVI in 1793 - in this type of drama, there were either comedies or tragedies - no combination of the two.	205
5989762324	Implied metaphor	one in which the tenor is not specified but implied. Example: "Shut your trap!" Here, the mouth of the listener is the unspecified tenor.	206
5989762325	undertone	an attitude that may lie under the ostensible tone of the piece. Under the surface, for example, a work may have threatening undertones	207
5989762326	anecdote	a short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event.	208

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AP Language Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

5040481848	confirmation bias	tendency to view information in a way that validates our existing opinions and beliefs	0
5040490478	conformation bias	Ex. Ignoring any news report or opinion broadcasted by Fox News because you usually disagree with the channels commentaries	1
5040501864	Bandwagon Effect	making decisions on the basis of the majority opinion	2
5040506115	bandwagon effect	ex. assuming that Justin Beiber is a good singer before hearing his music because Emily Ryan (as well as others) wears t-shirts that bear his image	3
5040514808	wishful thinking	irrational optimism	4
5040517771	wishful thinking	ex. feeling certain you will win the lottery, even if the odds are one in a million	5
5040540790	framing bias	when the same issue is presented in different ways, we tend to respond differently	6
5040548839	framing bias	ex. glass is half full, glass is half empty	7
5040552140	clustering illusion	when data occurs in groups, people often read meaning into this grouping even if it is completely random	8
5040574612	clustering illusion	ex. it's rained every Saturday for a month, so it's probably going to rain this Saturday	9
5040580737	gamblers fallacy	people tend to think that the results of a random event will affect the probably of future outcomes	10
5040588266	gamblers fallacy	ex. the idea that lightening never strikes the same place twice	11
5040593462	halo effect	when we are exposed to someone with one positive quality, we tend to think there are other desirable characteristics about that person even if there are none	12
5040606568	halo effect	ex. voting for the more attractive candidate because "he just seems more honest"	13
5040616517	illusionary superiority	viewing oneself as better to others	14
5040622321	illusionary superiority	ex. even though Colie has gotten in multiple car wrecks, she still considers herself a good driver	15
5040649241	self-serving bias	claiming an undue amount of positive credit for a situation and below average amount for a negative one	16
5040659777	self-serving bias	ex. taking credit for your daughters good grades, and blaming her bad study habits on her teacher	17
5040666287	syllogism	type of deductive reasoning; a conclusion that must be true because the premises are true.	18
5040676648	syllogism	ex. 1. All teachers assign homework 2. Mrs. Wiseheart is a teacher 3. Mrs. Wiseheart must assign homework	19
5040685063	anaphora	repetition of the FIRST set of words	20
5040688271	anaphora	ex. "I have a Dream" speech	21
5040697287	epistrophe	repetition of the LAST set of words	22
5040704213	epistrophe	ex. Vanessa is amazing. Emily is amazing.	23
5040708703	syntax	way author chooses to join words, similar to diction	24
5040716045	asyndeton	a string of words not separated by normally occurring junctions	25
5040732550	asyndeton	ex. He comes, he sleeps, he goes	26
5040734968	zeugma	two or more parts of a sentence are joined with a common verb or noun	27
5040739706	zeugma	ex. I bought her story and her drink ex2. lust conquered shame, audacity fear, madness reason	28
5040888789	allegory	using a character or story elements as a way to represent a certain idea	29
5040894743	allegory	ex. having the characters personify hope or freedom	30
5040901360	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun	31
5040908284	antecedent	ex. when giving treats to CHILDREN and FRIENDS, give them whatever THEY like. they=pronoun children & friends=?	32
5040939574	caricature	verbal description used to exaggerate or distort (for comic effect) a persons physical features/ other characteristics	33
5040975981	caricature	ex. her eyes were lazers, boring a hole through me	34
5040981747	euphanism	less offensive word for an unpleasant word	35
5040984129	euphanism	"earthly remains" instead of "corpse"	36
5040988615	paradox	a statement that appears to be contradictory, but on a closer look appears to have some truth	37
5040997499	paradox	ex. jumbo shrimp	38
5161515404	allusion	a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art	39
5161519682	allusion	ex. to be or not to be	40
5161536625	antimetabole	the words in one phrase or clause are replicated, exactly or closely, in reverse grammatical order in the next phrase or clause	41
5161550590	antimetabole	ex. "The absence of evidence is not the evidence of absence." -- Carl Sagan	42
5161561874	colloquial/colloquialism	slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, give a work a conversational, familiar tone	43
5161561875	colloquial/colloquialism	ex. its raining cats and dogs	44
5161572825	homily	this term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice	45
5161576152	homily	ex. A pastor giving a message at church service	46
5161585662	parody	a work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule	47
5161585663	parody	ex. The Starving Games	48
5278368582	ambiguity	the multiple meanings of a word/phrase (intentional/unintentional)	49
5278379414	ambiguity	ex. I rode a black horse in red PJs	50
5278401308	antithesis	two opposite ideas are put together to create a startling affect	51
5278424850	antithesis	ex. I hope one day my children WILL NOT BE JUDGED BY THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN but by THE CONTEXT OF THEIR CHARACTER	52
5278436944	conceit	extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects	53
5278446290	conceit	ex. spill the beans, don't steal someone's thunder, dead as a doornail	54
5278491150	hyperbole	deliberate exaggeration	55
5278493436	hyperbole	ex. It was so cold I saw polar bears wearing jackets	56
5278507088	pedantic	describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	57
5278507089	pedantic	ex. Sheldon from the Big Bang Theory	58
5342685401	anadiplosis	figure of repetition that occurs when the last word or terms in one sentence, clause, or phrase is/are repeated at or very near the beginning of the next sentence, clause, or phrase	59
5342698355	anadiplosis	Ex #2: "Kinetic energy is also known as the energy of motion. A vehicle's energy of motion doubles when its weight doubles. When a vehicle's weight doubles, it needs about twice the distance to stop."	60
5342738307	aphorism	a terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	61
5342738308	aphorism	EX#1: "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." EX#2: "If you always do what you always did, you will always get what you always got."	62
5342781038	invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	63
5342781039	invective	EX: In Henry IV, Part I, Prince Hal calls the large character of Falstaff "this sanguine coward, this bedpresser, this horseback breaker, this huge hill of flesh." Gross.	64
5342790673	litotes	a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. Think of this as the opposite of hyperbole.	65
5342790674	litotes	EX: "It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain"	66
5342800199	polysyndeton	a figure of addition and emphasis which intentionally employs a series of conjunctions (and, or, but, for, nor, so, yet) not normally found in successive words, phrases, or clauses; the deliberate and excessive use of conjunctions in successive words or clauses.	67
5342800200	polysyndeton	EX: "In years gone by, there were in every community men and women who spoke the language of duty and morality and loyalty and obligation."	68
5856646508	non sequitur	A logical fallacy (from the Latin that literally translates to "it does not follow") in which the author states a conclusion that doesn't follow from one or both premises.	69
5856661789	non sequitur	ex: I've lived in this town a long time - why, my grandfather was the first mayor - so I'm against putting fluoride in the drinking water.	70
5856674019	hasty generalization	A logical fallacy in which the author leaps to a generalization from inadequate or faulty evidence. The most familiar example is the stereotype.	71
5856689766	hasty generalization	EX: Men aren't sensitive enough to be day-care providers. EX: Women are too emotion to fight in combat.	72
5856706810	either/or reasoning -	A logical fallacy that assumes that a reality may be divided into only two parts or extremes; assuming that a given problem has only one of two possible solutions.	73
5856706811	either/or reasoning -	EX: What's to be done about the trade imbalance with Asia? Either we ban all Asian imports, or American industry will collapse.	74
5856721084	ad hominem -	A logical fallacy (from the Latin "to the man") in which the author attacks a person's views by attacking his or her character.	75
5856724128	ad hominem -	EX: Mayor Burns is divorced and estranged from his family. How can we listen to his pleas for a city nursing home?	76
5856739444	slippery slope	A logical fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question. In most cases, there are a series of steps or gradations between one event and the one in question and no reason is given as to why the intervening steps or gradations will simply be bypassed.	77
5856739445	slippery slope	EX: "We've got to stop them from banning pornography. Once they start banning one form of literature, they will never stop. Next thing you know, they will be burning all the books!"	78
5856750766	straw man	A logical fallacy in which a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position. This sort of "reasoning" is fallacious because attacking a distorted version of a position simply does not constitute an attack on the position itself. One might as well expect an attack on a poor drawing of a person to hurt the person.	79
5856750767	straw man	EX: "Senator Jones says that we should not fund the attack submarine program. I disagree entirely. I can't understand why he wants to leave us defenseless like that."	80
5967966783	apathetic	indifferent due to lack of energy or concern	81
5967966784	choleric	hot tempered	82
5967982930	indignant	marked by anger aroused by injustice	83
5967988405	patronizing	air of condescension	84
5967996804	sardonic	scornfully and bitterly sarcastic	85

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AP Language Exam Terminology Flashcards

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3181770590	antithesis	contrast of ideas	0
3181774612	caricature	a representation in which the subjects peculiarities are exagerrated	1
3181792501	deductive sentence	reasoning that starts with statement and then evidence	2
3181796619	inductive sentence	reasoning that starts with evidence and then statement	3
3181797760	ethos	character/ establishment of reputation	4
3181800577	homily	serious speech	5
3181810956	invective	abusive language	6
3181812449	logos	logic	7
3181813398	parody	ridicule of a piece of work	8
3181821472	pathos	emotional appeal	9
3181825397	claim	states the argument's position	10
3181827420	repitition	duplication of word or phrases	11
3181832669	rhetorical shift	a change in tone with a transitional word	12
3181841002	satire	work that targets vices or follies for ridicule	13
3181852626	synthesis	a combination of two or more ideas to produce a complex idea	14
3181858275	ad hominem	argument that appeals to emotion	15
3181870918	bandwagon	doing the same thing as everybody else	16
3181874822	begging the question	making a statement based on assumptions	17
3181882031	cause and effect	one event is caused or affected by another event	18
3181888113	false dilemma	a complex issue is reduced to only two alternatives when that is not the case	19
3181903869	alliteration	the repetition of sounds	20
3181909685	allusion	a reference to something commonly known	21
3181914512	analogy	a comparison between two separate things	22
3181920906	anaphora	repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of something	23
3181924041	aphorism	an observation that contains a general truth	24
3181943592	apostrophe	speech that is directed to an absent or imaginary person	25
3181946544	euphemisim	less offensive words as a substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts	26
3181958749	figurative language	speech that does not contain literate meaning	27
3181981893	hyperbole	extreme exaggeration	28
3181982859	imagery	sensory details	29
3181983937	irony	using language that signifies the opposite	30
3181989332	metaphor	direct comparison without the use of like and as	31
3182000174	metonymy/ synecdoche	using an object that is closely identified with the term as a substitution of the term	32
3182008398	onomatopoeia	sound of words	33
3182028765	oxymoron	juxtaposed words	34
3182036145	paradox	untrue on the surface but true nevertheless	35
3182038829	personification	giving non-human objects human characteristics	36
3182047435	pun	a play on words with more than one meaning	37
3182055395	similie	comparison of two things, using the terms like and as	38
3182059631	understatement/ litotes	presenting something as less significant than it is	39
3182618169	appositive	a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it	40
3182624445	clause	something that contains both a verb and subject	41
3182638761	declarative sentence	makes a statement, they tell something	42
3182644251	ellipsis	the omission of a word or words	43
3182652682	exclamatory sentence	communicate a strong emotion or surprise	44
3182656544	imperative sentence	makes commands	45
3182664427	interrogative sentence	ask questions	46
3182669444	parallelism	the framing of words in order to compare them	47
3182683332	periodic sentence	modifying elements in the middle	48
3182687883	loose sentence	modifying elements at the end	49
3182697435	prose	anything that isn't poetry and drama	50
3182705417	anecdote	a personal story	51
3182964167	colloquial	informality in writing	52
3182969265	concrete detail	specific examples	53
3182969266	connotation	suggested meaning	54
3182976925	didactic	instructive writing	55
3182978929	denotation	dictionary definition	56
3182982621	dialect	a form of language specific to one group	57
3182986259	diction	word choice	58
3182989511	genre	different types of writing	59
3182991506	jargon	inside jokes (words or expressions)	60
3182998308	juxtaposition	placing two things together in order to emphasize similarities or differences	61
3183011481	pedantic	overly concerned with learning	62
3183013444	theme	the central idea	63
3183014817	thesis	directly express the the author's opinion	64
3183018525	tone	describe the author's attitude toward their material	65

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AP Bio - The Language of Science Flashcards

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2879589408	a/an	not or non	0
2879591489	aero	needing oxygen	1
2879591490	amphi	both, doubly	2
2879592724	anti	against	3
2879592725	aqua	water	4
2879593616	arthro	joint	5
2879594653	auto	self	6
2879594654	bi	two, twice, double	7
2879623259	bio	life, living	8
2879595987	cephal	head	9
2879596867	chloro	green	10
2879596868	chromo	color	11
2879597720	cide	killer, kill. killing	12
2879597721	cyto	cell	13
2879598507	derm	skin	14
2879598508	di	two, double	15
2879599489	ecto (exo)	outer, external	16
2879600643	endo	inner, inside	17
2879600644	epi	above	18
2879603005	gastro	stomach	19
2879603006	genesis	origin	20
2879603007	hemo	blood	21
2879603892	herba	plants	22
2879604837	hetero	different	23
2879604838	homo	alike, similar	24
2879607443	hydro	water	25
2879607444	hyper	above	26
2879608335	hypo	below	27
2879610106	intra	within, inside	28
2879611337	itis	disease, inflammation	29
2879612970	lateral	side	30
2879612971	logy	study of	31
2879614274	lys	break down	32
2879615498	macro	large	33
2879616417	meso	middle	34
2879617461	meter	measurement	35
2879617462	micro	small	36
2879618589	mono	one, single	37
2879655019	morph	form	38
2879655020	multi	many	39
2879658489	mycro	fungus	40
2879658490	philia	like	41
2879659287	phobia	dislike, fear	42
2879660516	photo	light	43
2879660517	plasm	form	44
2879661709	pod	foot	45
2879661710	poly	many	46
2879662599	proto	first	47
2879662600	rhiza	root	48
2879663560	sub	lesser, below	49
2879664844	synthesis	to make	50
2879664845	therm	heat	51
2879665928	toxic	harmful, deadly	52
2879666720	tri	three	53
2879666721	troph	eat, consume	54
2879667876	zoo, zoa	animal	55
2879667877	zygo	formed pair, union	56

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AP Spanish Language - Artists Flashcards

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3342543830	Diego Velázquez - Las Meninas		0
3342556928	Diego Velázquez - Juan de Pareja		1
3342566249	Diego Velázquez - Esopo		2
3342574810	Diego Velázquez - La vieja cocinera		3
3342578861	Diego Velázquez - Los borrachos		4
3342582124	Diego Velázquez - La fragua de Vulcano		5
3342590729	Francisco Goya - Autorretrato		6
3342605465	Francisco Goya - La familia de Carlos IV		7
3342611504	Francisco Goya - El milagro de San Antonio		8
3342639793	Francisco Goya - Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos		9
3342646010	Francisco Goya - Duquesa de Alba		10
3342656109	Francisco Goya - Maja vestida		11
3342660865	Francisco Goya - Maja desnuda		12
3342666414	Francisco Goya - El burro (los caprichos)		13
3342682014	Francisco Goya - ¡Que viene el coco! (los caprichos)		14
3342705825	Francisco Goya - El sueño de la razón produce monstruos (los caprichos)		15
3342716989	Francisco Goya - El dos de mayo		16
3342720764	Francisco Goya - El tres de mayo		17
3342726848	Francisco Goya - Dos viejos comiendo sopa (las pinturas negras)		18
3342738409	Francisco Goya - Saturno devorando a su hijo (las pinturas negras)		19
3343309598	Pablo Picasso - Pordiosera arrodillada (azul)	No Image	20
3343370002	Pablo Picasso - La vida (azul)		21
3343374293	Pablo Picasso - Las dos hermanas (azul)		22
3343442291	Pablo Picasso - Dora Maar sentada (cubismo)		23
3343474224	Pablo Picasso - Las señoritas de Aviñón		24
3343477938	Pablo Picasso - Guernica		25

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AP Language Test 1 Flashcards

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4977341715	Invitational argument	Aims not to win over another person or group but to invite others to enter a space of mutual regard and exploration	0
4977341716	Argument vs persuasion	___ is to discover some version of truth, using evidence and reasons ____ is to change a point of view or to move others from conviction to action	1
4977341717	Propaganda	Sets out to persuade at all costs, abandoning reason, fairness and truth altogether	2
4977341718	Arguments to inform	Main purpose is to inform audience on something they didn't know Presenting specific information to inform readers	3
4977341719	Arguments to convince	Focuses on the reader, trying to satisfy or convince them that you have thoroughly examined and presented information that merits attention	4
4977341720	Arguments to explore	Usually show there is merit looking into a subject - that there is an argument to be made Problem exists, reader needs to solve it	5
4977341721	Arguments to make decisions	Closely allied with exploratory arguments Argue for a particular decision	6
4977341722	Arguments to meditate/pray	Pausing to consider or gain peace of mind Writer is hoping to transform something within to reach a peace of mind	7
4977341723	Occasions for argument: Past	Forensic arguments: debates about what happened in the past Present evidence from the past to justify conclusions Rely heavily on precedents - actions or decisions in the past that influence policies or decisions in the present	8
4977341724	Forensic arguments	Arguments about the past	9
4977341725	Occasions for argument: Future	Deliberative argument: often rely on forensic arguments because what happened in the past usually decides what will happen in the future Make some kind of decision (proposal) Try to establish policies or project future outcomes	10
4977341726	Deliberative arguments	Future arguments	11
4977341727	Occasions for argument: Present	Epideictic or ceremonial arguments: to condemn or eulogize an individual, cause, occasion, movement, or state Often held about contemporary values Ethical premises/assumptions widely held by a society	12
4977341728	Status of arguments	Arguments of fact: did something happen? Arguments of definition: what is its nature? Arguments of evaluation: what is its quality? Proposal arguments: what action should be taken?	13
4977341729	Arguments of fact	Facts can be proven or disproven with evidence or testimony Concern: if something can be easily proved, it can't be argued	14
4977341730	Arguments of definition	Often involves categorizing or defining terms	15
4977341731	Arguments of evaluation	Common type of argument Argument of quality Makes some kind of judgment about the topic	16
4977341732	Proposal arguments	Present evidence to show there is a problem; then propose a solution Recommend most viable course of action	17
4977341733	Stasis arguments	Argument of fact: does global warming exist? Argument of definition: what is global warming? Argument of evaluation: should global warming be a concern to us today? Proposal argument: what action should be taken to stop global warming?	18
4977341734	Audiences for arguments	Making a connection to the reader Writers do not write in a cultural vacuum Writers works are influenced by who they are	19
4977341735	Race Religion Gender Ethnicity Class Intelligence	Factors of an audience	20
4977341736	Ideal readers	Readers existing in writer's mind	21
4977341737	Invoked readers	Readers represented in the text	22
4977341738	Real readers	Readers as they actually exist	23
4977341739	Rhetorical triangle/ Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship between the speaker, subject, and the audience	24
4977341740	Pathos	Emotional appeals or appeals to the heart	25
4977341741	Ethos	Ethical appeals or appeals based on the writer's authority and credibility	26
4977341742	Logos	Logical appeals or appeals to reason	27
4977341743	Emotional appeals	Designed to appeal to the readers' emotions and feelings Can cause readers to think more carefully about a subject	28
4977341744	Ethical appeals	As writer, must seem honest, trustworthy, and sincere Look for evidence of character in arguments	29
4977341745	Who is the author? Is writer an authority on topic/knowledgeable about topic? Is evidence presented full/complete, not slanted to writer's agenda? Does writer acknowledge and address opposition? Are sources documented?	Evidence of character	30
4977341746	Ethical appeals	As author, you must consider Language Organization and structure Sense of authority	31
4977341747	Logical appeals	Writer must provide enough evidence to support claims Test all assumptions and claims Question every source and authority cited Data and information from reliable sources	32
4977341748	Rhetoric	The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion Thoughtful, reflective activity leading to effective communication, including rational exchange of opposing viewpoints	33
4977341749	Audience	Those who understand and can use the available means to appeal to an ___	34
4977341750	Context	Occasion or time and place it was written or spoken	35
4977341751	Purpose	Goal that the speaker or writer wants to achieve	36
4977341752	Thesis/claim/assertion	A clear and focused statement	37
4977341753	Speaker	A term used for the author or the person whose perspective is being advanced in a speech or piece or writing	38
4977341754	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	39
4977341755	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	40
4977341756	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	41
4977341757	Concede	You agree that an opposing argument may be true	42
4977341758	Refute	You deny the validity of all or part of the argument	43
4977341759	Connotations	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the world's literal meaning	44
4977341760	Polemical argument	A hostile argument	45
4977341761	Classical model	Five-part structure for an oratory, of speech, that writers still use today Introduction Narration Confirmation Refutation Conclusion	46
4977341762	Introduction	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	47
4977341763	Narration	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand, this beginning developmental paragraphs, or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing	48
4977341764	Confirmation	Major part of the text, includes the development of proof needed to make the writer's case	49
4977341765	Refutation	Addresses the counter arguments, is in many ways a bridge between the writer's proof and conclusion	50
4977341766	Conclusion	Brings the essay to a satisfying close	51
4977506169	Patterns of development: Narration	Refers to taking a story or recounting a series of events	52
4977341767	Patterns of development: Description	Emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of how something looks, sounds, feels, tastes, or smells	53
4977341768	Patterns of development: Process analysis	Explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done	54
4977341769	Patterns of development: Exemplification	Providing a series of examples- facts, specific cases, or instances- turns a general idea into a concrete one; this makes the argument clearer and more persuasive to a reader	55
4977341771	Patterns of development: Compare and contrast	Juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences	56
4977341772	Patterns of development: Classification and division	Being able to sort material or ideas into major categories Writers and readers can make connections between things that might otherwise seem unrelated	57
4977341773	Patterns of development: Development	Discussions depend upon definition Different things can mean something different in different contexts	58
4977506170	Pattern of Development: Cause and effect	Analyzing the causes that lead to a certain effect or, conversely, the effects that result from a cause is a powerful foundation for argument	59
4977341775	Occasion	O	60
4977341776	Audience	A	61
4977341777	Purpose	P	62
4977341778	Subject	S	63
4977341779	Tone	Tone	64
4977341780	Sender	S	65
4977341781	Message	M	66
4977341782	Emotional strategies	E	67
4977341783	Logical strategies	L	68
4977341784	Language	L	69

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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4084299662	Ad Hominem	A fallacy that attacks the opposing speaker or another person rather than addressing the issues at hand	0
4084299663	Allegory	Fictional work in which the characters represent ideas or concepts	1
4084299664	Alliteration	The repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the beginning of words	2
4084299665	Allusion	A reference, usually oblique or faint, to another place, idea, or person from history or literature	3
4084299666	Ambiguity	Uncertain or indefinite; subject to more than one interpretation	4
4084299667	Analogy	The correspondance or resemblance between two things that are essentially different	5
4084299668	Faulty Analogy	poorly devised, inaccurate or illogical comparison	6
4084299669	Anecdote	A short story used to illustrate a point the author is making	7
4084299670	Antecedent	Every pronoun refers back to a previous noun or pronoun	8
4084299671	Antithesis	An opposition or contrast of ideas that is often expressed in balanced phrases or clauses	9
4084299672	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle	10
4084299673	Apostrophe	A figure of speech in which an absent person or personified object is addressed by a speaker	11
4084299674	Appositive	A word or phrase that follows a noun or pronoun for emphasis or clarity	12
4084299675	Asyndeton	When the conjunctions (such as "and" or "but") that would normally connect a string of words, phrases, or clauses are omitted from a sentence	13
4084299676	Atmosphere (mood)	the emotional feeling of a place, scene, or event	14
4084299677	Bandwagon Appeals	A fallacy that urges people to follow the same path or accept the same idea based on popular behavior/opinion	15
4084299678	Begging the Question	A fallacy that assumes as true the very claim that is disputed; a form of circular reasoning that is divorced from reality	16
4084299679	Caricature	a verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics	17
4084299680	Clause	a grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb	18
4084299681	Coordination	joining one or more equal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a coordinating conjunction	19
4084299682	Contrast	explain differences in two or more items	20
4084299683	Colloquial Language	Slang or common language that is informal	21
4084299684	Connotation	the interpretive level of a word based on associated images rather than the literal meaning	22
4084299685	Deductive Argument	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	23
4084299686	Denotation	The literal, dictionary defined meaning of a word	24
4084299687	Diction	An author's choice of words	25
4084299688	Didactic	Writing which has the purpose of teaching or instructing	26
4084299689	Dogmatism	A fallacy that asserts or assumes there is only one solution or direction to go	27
4084299690	Either-Or Choices	A fallacy that asserts there are only two choices, one positive and one negative	28
4084299691	Elegy	A work that expresses sorrow	29
4084299692	Ellipses	indicated by a series of three periods; shows that words have been omitted	30
4084299693	Equivocation	an argument that gives a lie an honest appearance; a half truth	31
4084299694	Ethos	Refers to the honesty, credibility, values, intentions and authority of the speaker	32
4084299695	Euphemism	A mild or pleasant sounding expression that substitutes for a harsh, indelicate, or simply less pleasant idea	33
4084299696	Exposition	Writing or speech that is organized to explain	34
4084299697	False Authority	A fallacy that offers the speaker/writer's authority as the sole reason for believing a claim	35
4084299698	Faulty Causality	in Latin "post hoc, ergo propter hoc". A fallacy that assumes one event/action causes another	36
4084299699	Figurative Language	All uses of language that imply an imaginative comparison	37
4084299700	Footnotes	numbered references within a work that correspond to numbers at the bottom of the page	38
4084299701	Foreshadowing	A purposeful hint placed in a work of literature to suggest what may occur later in the narrative	39
4084299702	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits (prose, poetry, drama) (fiction etc.)	40
4084299703	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy that assumes as true an inference derived from insuffcient evidence; a stereotype	41
4084299704	Hyperbole	A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used to achieve emphasis	42
4084299705	Imagery	A mental picture that is conjured by specific words and associations	43
4084299706	Inductive Argument	creating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a conclusion based on the evidence they provide	44
4084299707	Inference/infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented	45
4084299708	Invective (tirade, polemic)	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language	46
4084299709	Irony	Contrast between what is stated and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true	47
4084299710	Verbal Irony	when the words literally state the opposite of the writer's meaning	48
4084299711	Situational Irony	when events turn out the opposite of what characters and readers expect	49
4084299712	Dramatic Irony	when facts or events are known by the audience but not the characters in work	50
4084299713	Juxtaposition	when two contrasting things are placed next to each other for comparison	51
4084299714	Logos	the use of hard evidence and logicial reasoning as a controlling principle in an argument	52
4084299715	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which two things are compared directly	53
4084299716	Metonymy	a figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	54
4084299717	Mood (atmosphere)	The prevailing or dominant feeling of a work, scene, or event	55
4084299718	Narrative	the telling of a story or an account of an event of series of events	56
4084299719	Non Sequitur	A fallacy that claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect or follow each other	57
4084299720	Onomatopoeia	an effect created by words that have sounds that reinforce their meaning; buzz, hiss, hum, crack	58
4084299721	Oxymoron	two contradictory words in one expression; jumbo shrimp	59
4084299722	Paradox	a seeming contradiction that in fact reveals some truth	60
4084299723	Parallelism	a literary technique that relies on the use of the same syntactical structure	61
4084299724	Parenthetical Ideas	A short diversion from the main point of a work	62
4084299725	Parody	an effort to ridicule or make fun of a literary work or an author by writing a comic imitation of the work	63
4084299726	Pathos	A sympathetic appeal to pity or compassion used in an argument	64
4084299727	Pedantic	a tone that is overly academic, scholarly, or bookish	65
4084299728	Persona	the character created by the voice and narration of the speaker of a text	66
4084299729	Personification	a figure of speech in which ideas or objects are described as having human qualities or personalities	67
4084299730	Point of View	the particular perspective from which a story is told	68
4084299731	Pun	a play on words	69
4084299732	Repetition	the reiteration of a word, phrase, image sound, etc. for emphasis	70
4084299733	Rhetoric	the art, style and logic of a written or spoken argument to persuade, to analyze, or to expose	71
4084299734	Rhetorical Strategy	the way an author organizes words, sentences, and overall argument in order to achieve a particular purpose	72
4084299735	Rhetorical Devices	the specific language tools that an author uses to carry out a rhetorical strategy (diction, imagery, syntax)	73
4084299736	Rhetorical Question	a question that is asked for the sake of the argument	74
4084299737	Satire	to ridicule or mock ideas, persons, events, or doctrines while making a clear point (unlike parody)	75
4084299738	Scare Tactics	a fallacy that over-emphasizes possible dangers well beyond their statistical likelihood	76
4084299739	Selection of Detail	the specific words, incidents, images, or events the author uses to create a scene or narrative; details may be concrete or abstract	77
4084299740	Semantics	the branch of language that studies the meaning of words	78
4084299741	Declarative sentence	assertive- a statement	79
4084299742	Imperative sentence	auhoritative- command	80
4084299743	Interrogative sentence	asks a question	81
4084299744	Exclamatory sentence	expresses emotion	82
4084299745	Simple Sentence	one subject and one verb	83
4084299746	Compound Sentence	more than one subject and/or verb (no dependent clauses)	84
4084299747	Complex Sentence	one independent and one or more dependent clauses	85
4084299748	Compound-Complex Sentence	two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses	86
4084299749	Loose (Cumulative) Sentence	subordinate structures after the main subject and verb	87
4084299750	Periodic (Climactic) Sentence	subordinate structures before the main subject and verb	88
4084299751	Convoluted sentence	subordinate structures between main subject and verb	89
4084299752	Sentimental Appeals	a fallacy that uses tender, heartwarming emotions excessively to distract readers from facts	90
4084299753	Simile	a figure of speech that compares one thing with another using the words "like" or "as"	91
4084299754	Slippery Slope	a fallacy that portrays a small problem as tomorrow's slide into disaster	92
4084299755	Speaker	the narrator of a story, poem, or drama	93
4084299756	Straw man	a fallacy that attacks an argument that really isn't there or isn't the real issue at hand	94
4084299757	Subordination	joining two or more unequal grammatical units (words, phrases, or clauses) with a subordinating conjunction	95
4084299758	Syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which pieces of evidence are used to create a new conclusion	96
4084299759	Symbol	something that represents something else	97
4084299760	Synonym	a word that has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word	98
4084299761	Syntax	the way words are arranged in a sentence	99
4084299762	Tension	a feeling of excitement and expectation the reader or audience feels because of the conflict, mood, or atmosphere of the work	100
4084299763	Theme	the central idea	101
4084299764	Tone	Author's attitude	102
4084299765	Transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	103
4084299766	Understatement	when an author assigns less significance to an event or thing than it deserves	104

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