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Ap world history Flashcards

5745201135	Mongols promotion of trade?	Their empire was so large that they could fit anyone and everyone in their empire. Also the traders and merchants felt safe in their empire due to no war or any thing to that manner. They traded on the silk road.!	0
5745201136	Mongol religion	Religion was shamanism. There like us, the worhsip the god in heaven!	1
5745201137	Extent of empire	An empire that stretched to africa, asia and europe	2
5745201138	Tang Dynasty( golden age)	The wars were over and everyone felt safe now. Many new things were inteoduced like tea, music and literature. They were free. Governent changed bc now you didnt have to be a noble to get a job. The religion was iether buddhism, confucianism or taoism. Shoes were very important! The nomads didnt farm and didnt live in the city, they lived in huts and basically lived off the land'	3
5745201139	Indian Ocean trade	Goods traded( cotton and silk)	4
5745201140	Religions		5
5745201141	Judaism	Religion of the jews where they believe in one god. ( spread to middle east)	6
5745201142	Hinduism	If the belived in it then they would be reincarnated to another life with the caste system. (spread to india)	7
5745201143	Christianity	Beleive in jesus ( spread to europe)	8
5745201144	Islam	There is one god and one god only ( spread to middle east)	9
5745201145	Urbanization	Move to city for work and trade	10
5745201146	Mughal empire	Located in india.	11
5745201147	Hindu vs islam	The mughals wanted to get any other religions changed to islam.	12
5745201148	How women were treated.	The amerindian were treated equal and the europan women had many rights and the rest didnt have much control	13

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AP Review Test Flashcards

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6747204617	caesura	a pause, usually indicative of extreme emotion or awareness	0
6747204618	anacoluthon	A syntactic deviation and interruption within a sentence from one structure to another. In this interruption, the expected sequence of grammar is absent. The grammatical flow of sentences is interrupted in order to begin more sentences.	1
6747204619	anaphora	repetition of initial sentence structure	2
6747204620	alliteration	repetition of initial consonant sound	3
6747204621	apostrophe	a speech to an inanimate thing	4
6747204622	asyndeton	the omission or absence of a conjunction between parts of a sentence	5
6747204623	polysyndeton	excessive use of conjunctions	6
6747204624	synecdoche	a part that represents the whole	7
6747204625	metonymy	a symbol that represents a larger idea or concept	8
6747204626	litotes	the use of a double negative to show a lack of enthusiasm	9
6747204627	telegraphic sentence	a sentence whose length if 5 or fewer words	10
6747204628	short sentence	a sentence whose length is between 6 and 17 words	11
6747204629	medium sentence	a sentence whose length is between 18 and 29 words	12
6747204630	long and involved sentence	a sentence whose length is 30 words or more	13
6747204631	epithet	a name or title given, in which the title personified the thing named	14
6747204632	pathetic fallacy	projecting the emotions of the speaker onto an inanimate object	15
6747204633	euphemism	a pleasant expression used in place of a harsh one	16
6747204634	dysphemism	a harsh expression used in place of a pleasant one	17
6747204635	denotative	the meaning as defined by the dictionary	18
6747204636	connotative	the suggested or implied meaning	19
6747204637	satire	a genre of comedy that is directed at ridiculing human foibles and vices	20
6747204638	direct/formal satire	satire when a 1st person narrator speaks directly to a sympathetic audience	21
6747204639	indirect satire	A fictional approach to satire where characters who represent certain points of view are made to seem ridiculous by their thoughts and behavior	22
6747204640	horatian satire	mocking satire that results in amusement	23
6747204641	juvenalian satire	satire that results in bitter feelings of disgust and disapproval	24
6747204642	irony	deliberate contrast between what is expected and what occurs	25
6747204643	sarcasm	A form of simple, crude irony in which apparent praise conceals another, scornful meaning	26
6747204644	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something the characters do not	27
6747204645	tragic irony	irony that occurs in tragedies	28
6747204646	cosmic irony	characters that are led to embrace false hopes of aid or success, only to be defeated by god or fate	29
6747204647	structural irony	An implication of alternate or reversed meaning that pervades a work. A major technique for sustaining structural irony is the use of a naïve protagonist or unreliable narrator who continually interprets events and intentions in ways that the author signals are mistaken	30
6747204648	syllogistic reasoning	A=B, B=C, then A=C	31
6747204649	anagnorisis	critical moments of epiphany or awareness	32
6747204650	digression	the use of material unrelated to the subject of a work	33
6747204651	verisimilitude	in a literary work, the likeness to truth	34
6747204652	understatement	the presentation of something being smaller or less important than it actually is	35
6747204653	exposition	the beginning of a piece of writing, background information	36
6747204654	jargon	specific language within a profession or group	37
6747204655	motif	the repetition or variations of images or symbols to develop a theme	38
6747204656	pathos	appeal to pity / evokes feelings of sympathy	39
6747204657	pun	a play on words that are identical in sound but have different meanings	40
6747204658	parallel plots	a secondary story line that mimics the first	41
6747204659	resolution	the conclusion of a literary work	42
6747204660	scansion	the system for indicating metrical patterns and analyzing their effect	43
6747204661	iamb	unstressed followed by a stressed syllable	44
6747204662	free verse	open form poetry	45
6747204663	blank verse	poetry in unrhymed iambic pentameter	46
6747204664	triple rhyme	a rhyme involving three syllables, e.g. happiness and sappiness	47
6747204665	terza rima	an arrangement of triplets, especially in iambs, that rhyme aba bcb cdc, etc	48
6747204666	refrain	A Refrain is a verse or phrase that is repeated at intervals throughout a song or poem, usually after the chorus or stanza	49
6747204667	ballad	a form of poetry that alternates lines iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, often in quatrains, rhymed abab, and often telling a story	50
6747204668	masculine ending	a line of poetry ending in a stressed syllable	51
6747204669	feminine ending	a line of poetry ending in a stressless syllable	52
6747204670	meter	the recurring pattern of sounds within verse	53
6747204671	eye rhyme	a similarity between words in spelling but not in pronunciation	54
6747204672	perfect rhyme	Rhyme in which the final accented vowel and all succeeding consonants or syllables are identical, while the preceding consonants are different	55
6747204673	imperfect rhyme	a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds	56
6747204674	villanelle	a nineteen-line poem with two rhymes throughout, consisting of five tercets and a quatrain, with the first and third lines of the opening tercet recurring alternately at the end of the other tercets and with both repeated at the close of the concluding quatrain	57
6747204675	shakespearean sonnet	The sonnet form composed of three quatrains and a terminal couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg	58
6747204676	petrarchan sonnet	a sonnet form consisting of an octave with the rhyme scheme abbaabba and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes, as cdecde or cdcdcd	59
6747204677	The first 8 lines of a petrarchan sonnet that state the problem or pose a question	octave	60
6747204678	The final 6 lines of a petrarchan sonnet that offer a solution to the problem or question posed	sestet	61
6747204679	In Italian, called "the turn," this is the line of poetry that signifies the shift from octave to the sestet	volta	62
7834835720	The ethical appeal, means to convince an audience of the author's credibility or character.	Ethos	63
7834838200	The appeal to logic, means to convince an audience by use of logic or reason.	Logos	64

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AP Language Flashcards

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6688384514	allusion	A reference to some famous literary work, historical figure, or event. For example, to say that a friend "has the patience of Job" means that he is as enduring as the Biblical figure of that name.	0
6688384515	antithesis	The use of parallel structure to call attention to contrasts or opposites: some like it hot; some like it cold; Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. Shakespeare, Julius Caesar	1
6688384520	figurative language	Said of a word or expression used in a nonliteral way. For example. The expression "to go the last mile" may have nothing at all to do with geographical distance, but may mean to complete an unfinished task or job.	2
6688384521	hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	3
6688384523	irony	The use of language in such a way that apparent meaning contrasts sharply with the real meaning. One famous example (in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar) is Antony's description of Brutus as "an honorable man." Since Brutus was one of Caesar's assassins, Antony meant just the opposite. A softer form of sarcasm and shares with it the same contrast between apparent and real meaning.	4
6688384524	verbal irony	The words literally state the opposite of the writer's (or speaker's) true meaning.	5
6688384525	situational irony	Events turn out the opposite of what was expected. What the characters and readers think ought to happen is what does happen.	6
6688384526	dramatic irony	Facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work. Irony is used for many reasons, but frequently, it's used to create poignancy or humor.	7
6688384527	juxtaposition (contrast)	The arrangement of two or more ideas, phrases, words, etc. side-by-side or in similar narrative moments for the purpose of comparison, contrast, rhetorical effect, suspense, or character development.	8
6688384529	mood	The pervading impression made on the feelings of the reader. Can be gloomy, sad, joyful, bitter, frightening, and so forth.	9
6688384530	oxymoron "	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness.	10
6688384532	paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity. The first scene of Macbeth, for example, closes with the witches' cryptic remark "Fair is foul, and foul is fair."	11
6688384533	parallelism	The principle of coherent writing requiring that coordinating elements be given the same grammatical form, as in Daniel Webster's dictum, "I was born an American; I will live an American; I will die an American." In other words, it's use of similar grammatical structures or forms for pleasing effect	12
6688384538	rhetoric	The art of using persuasive language. The art of analyzing all the choices involving language that a writer, speaker, reader, or listener might make in a situation so that the text becomes meaningful, purposeful, and effective; the specific features of texts, written or spoken, that cause them to be meaningful, purposeful, and effective for readers or listeners in a situation.	13
6688384539	simile	A figure of speech which, like the metaphor, implies a similarity between things otherwise dissimilar. Uses like, as, than.	14
6688384540	Juvenalian satire .	sharp and biting satire	15
6688384542	ad hominem argument	An argument that attacks the integrity or character of an opponent rather than the merits of an issue. Latin for "to the man." It is also informally known as "mud-slinging."	16
6688384543	alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	17
6688384544	analogy	- comparison that attempts to explain one idea or thing by likening it to another for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.	18
6688384545	antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	19
6688384546	anecdote	A brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization or claim.	20
6688384550	causal relationship (cause-and-effect relationship)	The relationship expressing, "If X is the cause, then Y is the effect," or "If Y is the effect, then X caused it"—for example, "If the state builds larger highways, then traffic congestion will just get worse because more people will move to the newly accessible regions," or "If students plagiarize their papers, it must be because the Internet offers them such a wide array of materials from which to copy."	21
6688384551	colloquialism	a word or expression acceptable in informal usage but inappropriate in formal discourse. A given word may have a standard as well a colloquial meaning. Bug, for example, is standard when used to refer to an insect; when used to designate a virus, i.e. "She's at home recovering from a bug," the word is one	22
6688384553	denotation	The specific and literal meaning of the word as found in the dictionary. Opposite of connotation.	23
6688384554	euphemism	From the Greek word for "good speech," a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept. May be used to adhere to standards of social or political correctness or to add humor or ironic understatement. Saying "earthly remains" rather than "corpse" is an example of euphemism.	24
6688384556	logical fallacy	Errors in reasoning used by speakers or writers, sometimes in order to dupe their audiences. Most of them are based on insufficient evidence ("All redheads are passionate lovers"); or irrelevant information ("Don't let him do the surgery; he cheats on his wife"); or faulty logic ("If you don't quit smoking, you'll die of lung cancer").	25
6688384558	qualification	The act of limiting an argument through certain expressions, such as few, it is possible, rarely, most, perhaps, often.	26
6688384562	slanting	The characteristic of selecting facts, words, or emphasis to achieve a preconceived intent: Favorable intent: "Although the Senator looks bored, when it comes time to vote he is on the right side of the issue." Unfavorable intent: "The Senator may vote on the right side of the issues, but he always looks bored."	27
6688384563	subordination	Expressing in a dependent clause, phrase, or single word any idea that is not significant enough to be expressed in a main clause or an independent sentence.	28
6688384567	ad populem argument	A fallacious argument that appeals to the passions and prejudices of a group rather than its reason. An appeal for instance, to support an issue because it's the "American Way" is one	29
6688384568	allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. In some, for example, an author may intend the characters to personify an abstraction like hope or freedom. The symbolic meaning usually deals with moral truth or generalization about human existence.	30
6688384569	anaphora	the repetition of a group of words at the beginning of successive clauses	31
6688384570	aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.) Can be a memorable summation of the author's point. "Expect nothing. Live frugally on surprise." Alice Walker	32
6688384571	apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. William Wordsworth addresses John Milton as he writes, "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee."	33
6688384575	complex sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses.	34
6688384577	epistrophe	The repetition of the same word or group of wards at the ends of successive clauses.	35
6688384578	evidence	The logical bases or supports for an assertion or idea.	36
6688384581	loose sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses. If a period were placed at the end of the independent clause, the clause would be a complete sentence. A work containing many of these often seems informal, relaxed, and conversational.	37
6688384582	metonymy (mi-TAWN-a-me)	A term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name," a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims "the White House declared" rather than "the President declared" is it	38
6688384583	periodic sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. This independent clause is preceded by a phrase of clause that cannot stand alone. For example: "Ecstatic with my AP scores, I let out a loud shout of joy!" The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	39
6688384584	rhetorical question	A question posed with no expectation of receiving an answer. This device is often used in public speaking in order to launch or further discussion: "Do you know what one of the greatest pains is? One of the greatest pains in human nature is the pain of a new idea."	40
6688384585	synecdoche (suh-NEK-duh-kee)	A part of something used to refer to the whole—for example, "50 head of cattle" referring to 50 complete animals	41
6688384586	syntax	The ordering of words into meaningful verbal patterns such as phrases, clauses, and sentences. Requires correct grammar as well as effective sentence patters, including unity, coherence, and emphasis.	42
6688420551	analogy		43

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AP Latin Flashcards

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7290993879	absum, abesse, afui, afuturus	to be away	0
7290993880	accido, accidere, acidi	to happen	1
7290993881	accipio, accipere, accepi, acceptus	to recieve	2
7290993882	acer, acris, acre	sharp	3
7290993883	adduco, adducere, adduxi, adductus	to induce	4
7290993884	administro (1)	to manage	5
7290993885	admitto, admittere, admisi, admissus	to let go, admit	6
7290993886	adorior, adoriri, adortus sum	to attack	7
7290993887	adsum, adesse, adfui, adfuturus	to be present	8
7290993888	adventus, adventus m.	arrival	9
7290993889	adversus, adversa, adversum	facing	10
7290993890	res adversae	misfortune	11
7290993891	aedificium, aedificii n.	building	12
7290993892	aeger, aegra, aegrum	sick	13
7290993893	aegre	with difficulty	14
7290993894	aequor, aequoris m.	sea	15
7290993895	aequus, aequa, aequum	equal	16
7290993896	aestas, aestatis f.	summer	17
7290993897	aestus, aestus	tide, heat	18
7290993898	afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus	to affect	19
7290993899	afflicto (1)	to shatter	20
7290993900	ager, agri	field	21
7290993901	aggredior, agredi, agressus sum	to approach	22
7290993902	aggrego (1)	to collect	23
7290993903	alacer, alacris, alacre	eager	24
7290993904	alacritas, alacritatis f.	eagerness	25
7290993905	alius, alia, aliud	another	26
7290993906	alter, altera, alterum	the other	27
7290993907	alititudo, altitudinis f.	height, depth	28
7290993908	altus, alta, altum	high, deep	29
7290993909	altum, alti n.	sea	30
7290993910	amicus, amica, amicum	friendly	31
7290993911	amicus, amici m.	friend	32
7290993912	amicitia, amicitae f.	friendship	33
7290993913	ancora, ancorae f.	anchor	34
7290993914	angustus, angusta, angustum	narrow	35
7290993915	animadverto, animadvertere, animadverti, animadversus	to notice	36
7290993916	animus, animi m.	spirit	37
7290993917	annus, anni m.	year	38
7290993918	apertus, aperta, apertum	exposed	39
7290993919	appello (1)	to call	40
7290993920	appropinquo (1)	to approach	41
7290993921	apud + acc.	among	42
7290993922	aqua, aquae f.	water	43
7290993923	aquila, aquilae f.	eagle	44
7290993924	arbitror (1)	to believe	45
7290993925	acresso, acressere, acressivi, acressitus	to send for	46
7290993926	aridus, arida, aridum	parched	47
7290993927	aridum, aridi n.	dry land	48
7290993928	arma, armorum n.	weapons	49
7290993929	armamentum, armamenti n.	equipment	50
7290993930	armo (1)	to arm	51
7290993931	ascisco, ascicere, ascivi, ascitus	to take to	52
7290993932	at	but	53
7290993933	atque/ac	and	54
7290993934	attingo, attingere, attigi, attactus	to touch	55
7290993935	auctoritas, auctoritatis f.	authority	56
7290993936	audaciter	boldy	57
7290993937	audax, audacis	bold	58
7290993938	auriga, aurigae m.	chariot driver	59
7290993939	aut	or	60
7290993940	autem	however	61
7290993941	auxilior(1)	to help	62
7290993942	auxilium, auxilii n.	help	63
7290993943	barbarus, barbara, barbarum	barbarous	64
7290993944	bello (1)	to wage war	65
7290993945	bellum, belli n.	war	66
7290993946	bellum gerere	to wage war	67
7290993947	biennium, bienni n.	two years	68
7290993948	capio, capere, cepi, captus	to take	69
7290993949	initium capere	to begin	70
7290993950	carrus, carri m.	cart	71
7290993951	castrum, castri n.	fort, camp	72
7290993952	castra movere	to break camp	73
7290993953	castra ponere	to pitch camp	74
7290993954	casus, casus m.	chance	75
7290993955	causa, causae f.	cause	76
7290993956	causā	for the sake of	77
7290993957	certus, certa, cerum	certain	78
7290993958	cibaria, cibariorum n.	provisions	79
7290993959	circum	about, around	80
7290993960	circumdo, circumdare, circumdedi, circumdatus	to surround	81
7290993961	circumsisto, circumsistere, circumsteti	to surround	82
7290993962	circumvallo (1)	to blockade	83
7290993963	civitas, civitatis f.	state	84
7290993964	clam	secretly	85
7290993965	cliens, clientis	client	86
7290993966	coemo, coemere, coemi, coemptus	to buy up	87
7290993967	cogito (1)	to consider	88
7290993968	cogo, cogere, coegi, coactus	to gather	89
7290993969	cohors, cohortis f.	cohort	90
7290993970	cohortor, cohortari, cohoratus sum	to encourage	91
7290993971	colloquor, colloqui, colloctus sum	to confer	92
7290993972	comburo, comburere, combussi, combustus	to burn up	93
7290993973	commeatus, commeatus m.	trip	94
7290993974	commendo (1)	to intrust	95
7290993975	commeo (1)	to visit	96
7290993976	commiles, commilitis m.	fellow soldier	97
7290993977	comparo (1)	to compare	98
7290993978	compleo, complere, complevi, completus	to fill up	99
7290993979	complures, complura	many	100
7290993980	comprendo, comprendere, comprendi, comprehensus	to seize	101
7290993981	concedo, concedere, concessi, concessurus	to withdraw	102
7290993982	concilio(1)	to win over	103
7290993983	concilium, concilii	meeting	104
7290993984	conduco, conducere, conduxi, conductus	to bring together	105
7290993985	confertus, conferta, confertum	crowded	106
7290993986	confestim	at once	107
7290993987	conficio, conficere, confeci, confectus	to do thoroughly	108
7290993988	confido, conidere, confisus sum	to rely upon	109
7290993989	confirmo (1)	to confirm	110
7290993990	conicio, conicere, conieci, coniectus	to hurl	111
7290993991	conicere in fugam	to put to flight	112
7290993992	coniuratio, coniurationis f.	conspiracy	113
7290993993	conor (1)	to try	114
7290993994	conscisco, conscicere, conscivi, conscitus	to agree on	115
7290993995	consciscere sibi mortem	to commit suicide	116
7290993996	consequor, consequi, consecutus sum	to follow up	117
7290993997	consilium, consilii n.	plan	118
7290993998	consilium capere	to adopt a plan	119
7290993999	consisto, consistere, constiti	to stand	120
7290994000	conspicio, conspicere, conspexi, consepexus	to catch sight of	121
7290994001	constituo, consituere, constitui, constitutus	to establish	122
7290994002	consto, constare, constiti, constaturus	to stand firm	123
7290994003	constat	it is agreed	124
7290994004	consuesco, consuescere, consuevi, consuetus	to be accustomed	125
7290994005	consuetudo, consuetudinis f.	custom	126
7290994006	consul, consulis m.	consul	127
7290994007	contendo, contendere, contendi, contentus	to strive	128
7290994008	continens, continentis	the mainland	129
7290994009	continenter	continually	130
7290994010	contineo, continere, continui, contentus	to contain	131
7290994011	convenio, convenire, conveni, conventurus	to assemble	132
7290994012	convenit	it is fitting	133
7290994013	copia, copiae	supply, troops	134
7290994014	cotidianus, contidiana, cotidianum	daily	135
7290994015	cremo (1)	to burn	136
7290994016	culpa, culpae f.	fault	137
7290994017	cultus, cultus m.	civilization	138
7290994018	cum + abl.	with	139
7290994019	cum	when, since	140
7290994020	cunctor, cunctari, cuncatus sum	to delay	141
7290994021	cunctus, cuncta cunctum	all together	142
7290994022	cupiditas, cupiditatis f.	eagerness	143
7290994023	cur	why	144
7290994024	curo (1)	to take care of	145
7290994025	curro, currere, cucurri, cursurus	to run	146
7290994026	currus, currus m.	chariot	147
7290994027	cursus, cursus m.	course	148
7290994028	damno (1)	to condemn	149
7290994029	decimus, decima, decimum	tenth	150
7290994030	declivis, declive	sloping down	151
7290994031	dedecus, dedcoris n.	disgrace	152
7290994032	deicio, deicere, deieci, deiectus	to throw down	153
7290994033	delibero (1)	to consider	154
7290994034	deligo, deligere, delegi, delectus	to choose	155
7290994035	delitesco, delitescere, delitui	to hide	156
7290994036	demeto, demetere, demessui, demessus	to reap	157
7290994037	demonstro (1)	to show	158
7290994038	depono, deponere, deposui, depositus	to put down	159
7290994039	desilio, desilire, desilui, desultus	to leap down	160
7290994040	desum, deesse, defui, defuturus	to be lacking	161
7290994041	deus, dei m.	god	162
7290994042	dea, deae f.	goddess	163
7290994043	dico, dicere, dixi, dictus	to say	164
7290994044	causam dicere	to plead a cause	165
7290994045	dictio, dictionis f.	the pleading of a cause	166
7290994046	dies, diei m.	day	167
7290994047	difficilis, difficile	hard	168
7290994048	difficultas, difficultatis f.	difficulty	169
7290994049	divido, dividere, divisi, divisus	to separate	170
7290994050	differo, differre, distuli dilatus	to spread	171
7290994051	discedo, discedere, discessi, discessurus	to depart	172
7290994052	dispergo, dispergere, dispesi, dispersus	to scatter	173
7290994053	dives, divitis	wealthy	174
7290994054	do, dare, dedi, datus	to give	175
7290994055	poenas dare	to suffer punishment	176
7290994056	in fugam dare	to put to flight	177
7290994057	in matrimonium dare	to give in marriage	178
7290994058	dolor, doloris m.	grief	179
7290994059	domus, domus f.	house	180
7290994060	dubito (1)	to doubt	181
7290994061	dubium, dubi n.	doubt	182
7290994062	duco, ducere, duxi, ductus	to lead	183
7290994063	in matrimonium ducere	to lead into marriage	184
7290994064	dum	while	185
7290994065	duo, duae, duo	two	186
7290994066	duodecim	twelve	187
7290994067	e, ex	out of	188
7290994068	una ex parte	on one side	189
7290994069	effero, eferre, extuli, elatus	to carry out	190
7290994070	egredior, egredi, egressus sum	to go forth	191
7290994071	enim	indeed	192
7290994072	enuntio (1)	to report	193
7290994073	eripio, eripere, eriui, ereptus	to snatch away	194
7290994074	evenio, evenire, eveni, eventurus	to happen	195
7290994075	evenit	it happens	196
7290994076	eventus, eventus m.	outcome	197
7290994077	exercitus, exercitus m.	army	198
7290994078	exsequor, exsequi, exsecutus sum	to follow up	199
7290994079	effemino (1)	to make womanish	200
7290994080	eques, equitis m.	horseman	201
7290994081	equitatus, equitatus m.	cavalry	202
7290994082	equus, equi m.	horse	203
7290994083	essedarius, essedari m.	charioteer	204
7290994084	essedum, essedi n.	British war chariot	205
7290994085	et	and	206
7290994086	et...et	both...and	207
7290994087	etiam	also	208
7290994088	non solum...sed etiam	not only...but also	209
7290994089	etsi	although	210
7290994090	exeo, exire, exii, exiturus	to go forth	211
7290994091	exiguitas, exiguitatis m.	smallness	212
7290994092	exiguus, exigua, exiguum	scanty	213
7290994093	existimo (1)	to think	214
7290994094	expedio, expedire, expedivi, expeditus	disengage	215
7290994095	expeditus, expedita, expeditum	unencumbered	216
7290994096	extremus, extrema, extremum	farthest	217
7290994097	exuro, exurere, exussi, exustus	to burn up	218
7290994098	facilis, facile	easy	219
7290994099	facile	easily	220
7290994100	facio, facere, feci, factus	to do, make	221
7290994101	iter facere	to journey	222
7290994102	certiorem facere	to inform	223
7290994103	facultas, facultatis f.	ability	224
7290994104	familia, familiae f.	family	225
7290994105	feliciter	happily	226
7290994106	felix, felicis	happy	227
7290994107	fere	almost	228
7290994108	fero, ferre, tuli, latus	to bear	229
7290994109	fides, fidei f.	faith	230
7290994110	figura, figurae f.	form	231
7290994111	filia, filiae f.	daugher	232
7290994112	filius, filii m.	son	233
7290994113	finis, finis	limit	234
7290994114	finitimus,finitima, finitimum	neighboring	235
7290994115	fio, fieri, factus sum	to become	236
7290994116	firmiter	firmly	237
7290994117	firmus, firma, firmum	firm	238
7290994118	fluctus, fluctus m.	wave	239
7290994119	flumen, fluminis n.	river	240
7290994120	fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxurus	to flow	241
7290994121	fore	futurum esse	242
7290994122	fortis, forte	strong	243
7290994123	fortitudo, fortitudinis f.	bravery	244
7290994124	fortuna, fortunae f.	fortune	245
7290994125	frango, frangere, fregi, fractus	to break	246
7290994126	frater, fratris m.	brother	247
7290994127	frumentor (1)	to get grain	248
7290994128	frumentum, frumenti	grain	249
7290994129	fuga, fugae f.	flight	250
7290994130	se in fugam dare	to flee	251
7290994131	funda, fundae f.	sling	252
7290994132	funis, funis m.	rope	253
7290994133	gens, gentis f.	nation	254
7290994134	genus, generis n.	race	255
7290994135	gero, gerere, gessi, gestus	to carry	256
7290994136	gladius, gladii m.	sword	257
7290994137	gloria, gloriae f.	glory	258
7290994138	gravis, grave	serious	259
7290994139	habeo, habere, habui, habitus	to have	260
7290994140	hibernus, hiberna, hibernum	wintry	261
7290994141	hiberna, hibernorum n.	winter quarters	262
7290994142	hic, haec, hoc	this	263
7290994143	hiemo (1)	to spend the winter	264
7290994144	hiems, hiemis f.	winter	265
7290994145	homo, hominis m.	man	266
7290994146	hostis, hostis m.	enemy	267
7290994147	humanitas, humanitatis f.	humanity	268
7290994148	ibi	there	269
7290994149	ictus, ictus m.	blow	270
7290994150	ille, illa, illud	that	271
7290994151	ignis, ignis m.	fire	272
7290994152	ignosco, ignoscere, ignovi, ignotus	to not know	273
7290994153	ignotus, ignota, ignotum	unknown	274
7290994154	impedio, impedire, impedivi, impeditus	to encumber	275
7290994155	paene	almost	276
7290994156	adhibeo, adhibere, adhibui, adhibitus	to summon	277
7290994157	aes, aeris n.	money	278
7290994158	potens, potentis	powerful	279
7290994159	facinus, facinoris n.	crime	280
7290994160	caedis, caedis f.	murder	281
7290994161	decerno, decernere, decrevi, decretus	to decide	282
7290994162	interdico, interdicer, interdixi, interdictus	forbid	283
7290994163	sceleratus, scelerata, sceleratum	wicked	284
7290994164	decedo, decedere, decessi, decessus	to withdraw	285
7290994165	contagio, contagionis f.	contact	286
7290994166	reddo, reddere, reddidi, redditus	return	287
7290994167	honos, honoris m.	honor	288
7290994168	paro, parare, paravi, paratus	to prepare	289
7290994169	pareo, parere, parui, paritus	to obey	290
7290994170	disco, discere, didici	to learn	291
7290994171	praesidium, praesidi(i) n.	protection	292
7290994172	intereo, interire, interivi, interitus	to perish	293
7290994173	verso, versare, versavi, versatus	to turn over	294
7290994174	nosco, noscere, novi, notus	to know of	295
7290994175	placo, placare, placavi, placatus	to appease	296
7290994176	ioco, iocare, iocavi, iocatus	to joke	297
7290994177	inedia, inediae	fasting	298
7290994178	devius, devia, devium	out of the way	299
7290994179	pinguis, pingue	fat	300
7290994180	nitidus, nitida, nitidum	shining	301
7290994181	otium, oti	leisure	302
7290994182	epula, epulae	food	303
7290994183	stolidus, stolida, stolidum	stupid	304
7290994184	equidem	indeed	305
7290994185	elabor, elabi, elapsus sum	to slip away	306
7290994186	macto, matare, mactavi, mactatus	to magnify, slaughter	307
7290994187	repperio, repperire, repperi, reppertus	to discover	308
7290994188	polio, polire, polivi, politus	to polish	309
7290994189	senarius, senaria, senarium	composed of six in a group	310
7290994190	dos, dotis f.	dowry	311
7290994191	risus, risus m.	laughter	312
7290994192	rideo, ridere, risi, risus	to laugh	313
7290994193	calumnior, calumniari, calumniatus sum	to accuse falsley	314
7290994194	ferus, fera, ferum	wild	315
7290994195	memini, meminisse, -	to remember	316
7290994196	faux, faucis f.	throat	317
7290994197	iurgium, iurgi(i) n.	quarrel	318
7290994198	turbulenus, turbulenta, turbulentum	stormy	319
7290994199	bibo, bibere, bibi, bibitus	to drink	320
7290994200	laniger, lanigera, lanigerum	fleecy	321
7290994201	queror, queri, questus sum	to complain	322
7290994202	haustus, haustus m.	drink	323
7290994203	lacero, lacerare, laceravi, laceratus	to mangle	324
7290994204	nex, necis	death	325
7290994205	corripio, corripere, corripui, correptus	to snatch	326
7290994206	opprimo, opprimere, oppressi, oppressus	to suppress	327
7290994207	testor, testari, testatus sum	to testify	328
7290994208	propositum, propositi n.	purpose	329
7290994209	cluo, cluere	to be called	330
7290994210	consots, consortis n.	sharer	331
7290994211	tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus	to divide	332
7290994212	improbitas, improbitatis f.	wickedness	333
7290994213	fur, furis n.	thief	334
7290994214	creo, creare, creavi, creatus	to create	335
7290994215	ops, opis n.	power	336
7290994216	ambages, ambagis f.	roundabout way	337
7290994217	flecto, flectere, flexi, flexus	to bend	338
7290994218	for, fari, fatus sum	to speak	339
7290994219	expio (1)	to atone for	340
7290994220	regia, regiae f.	court	341
7290994221	interemo, interemere, interemi, interemptus	to kill	342
7290994222	ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus sum	to avenge	343
7290994223	lucidus, lucida, lucidum	bright	344

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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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2327490690	Antithesis	A figure of speech involving a seeming contradiction of ideas, words, clauses, or sentences within a balanced grammatical structure. Ex: "too black for heaven, and yet too white for hell" or "place your virtues on a pedestal; put your vices under a rock"	0
2327490691	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds. Can reinforce meaning, unify ideas, and/or supply a musical sound. Ex: "she sells sea shells"	1
2327491646	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something that is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	2
2327491647	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them. Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with, or pointing out its similarity to, something more familiar.	3
2327491686	Appositive	A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.	4
2327492945	Anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines.	5
2327493879	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. The effect may add familiarity or emotional intensity. Ex: "Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour: England hath need of thee"	6
2327496348	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship that expresses a general truth or moral principle. If the authorship is unknown, the statement is considered to be a folk proverb. Can be a memorable summation of the author's point.	7
2327496349	Bandwagon	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do"	8
2327497124	Begging the Question	Logical fallacy: making a statement that assumes the issue being argued has already been decided.	9
2327497125	Cause and Effect	Argumentation by cause and effect means that particular event is caused or affected by another event.	10
2327498389	Deductive	Reasoning which begins with a general statement and moves to a particular instance.	11
2327498390	Ethos	Greek for "character". Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say.	12
2327498391	Fallacy	Logical fallacies are potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	13
2327499131	Inductive	Reasoning which begins with particular instances and moves to general statements.	14
2327499132	Logos	Greek for "embodied thought". Speakers appeal to logos, or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up.	15
2327499133	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule. As comedy, parody distorts or exaggerates the distinctive features of the original.	16
2327499134	Pathos	Greek for "suffering" or "experience". Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience.	17
2327500385	Premise/Claim	A claim states the argument's main idea or position. Differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable.	18
2327500386	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern. When repetition is done poorly, it bores, but when it's well done, it links and emphasizes ideas while allowing the reader the comfort of recognizing something familiar.	19
2327501186	Rhetorical Shift	A rhetorical shift is a change in linguistic tone that can be signaled by a transition word like "but", "however", or "then". Rhetorical shifts can be used as a literary device, but the term can be applied more broadly, such as when a discussion of someone or something changes tone -- for example media perception of a politician turning from positive or negative.	20
2327501187	Synthesis	Combining two or more ideas in order to create something more complex in support of a new idea.	21
2327501878	Euphemism	From the Greek for "good speech", euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for generally unpleasant words or concepts. Ex: "earthly remains" rather than "corpse"	22
2327501879	Hyperbole	A figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement.	23
2327501880	Imagery	The sensory details related to the five senses: visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory imagery.	24
2327502847	Irony	Referring to the recognition of a reality different from the masking appearance.	25
2327502848	Metaphor	An implied analogy which imaginatively identifies one object with another and ascribes to the first object one or more of the qualities of the second or invests the first with emotional or imaginative qualities associated with the second.	26
2327503995	Metonymy/Synecdoche	A figure of speech which is characterized by the substitution of a term naming an object closely associated with the word in mind for the word itself. Ex: speak of the king by saying "the crown"	27
2327505055	Onomatopoeia	A literary device in which the sound of a word is related to its meaning -- for example, "buzz" and "moan".	28
2327506585	Oxymoron	Juxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings -- for example, "jumbo shrimp".	29
2327506586	Paradox	A statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless. Ex: "standing may be more tiring than walking"	30
2327507434	Personification	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	31
2327507435	Pun	A form of wit, not necessarily funny, involving a play on a word with two or more meanings.	32
2327507436	Simile	An explicit comparison, normally using "like", "as", or "if".	33
2327509369	Understatement/Liotes	The ironic minimizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole.	34
2327509370	Declarative Sentence	Make statements. They tell something.	35
2327510153	Ellipsis	The omission of a word or words. It refers to constructions in which words are left out of a sentence but the sentence can still be understood.	36
2327511180	Exclamatory Sentence	Communicate a strong emotion or surprise.	37
2327511181	Imperative Sentence	Make commands. They often contain an understood subject.	38
2327512786	Interrogative Sentence	Ask questions.	39
2327512787	Parallelism	It refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	40
2327514196	Periodic Sentence	A sentence with modifying elements included before or in the middle of the verb and/or complement. Main part of the sentence next to the period.	41
2327514197	Loose Sentence	A sentence that adds modifying elements after the subject, verb, and complement. Main part of the sentence at the beginning of the sentence.	42
2327514198	Connotation	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. May involve ideas, emotions, or attitudes.	43
2327515061	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.	44
2327515062	Dialect	A particular form of a language that is peculiar to a specific region or social group.	45
2327515063	Diction	Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.	46
2327515872	Jargon	Special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand.	47
2327517404	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences.	48
2327517405	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, theme is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction the theme may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.	49
2327517406	Thesis	In expository writing, the thesis statement is the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	50
2327518101	Invective	Harsh, abusive language directed at a person or cause. Vituperative writing.	51
2327518705	Homily	This term literally means "sermon", but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	52

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AP Language Concepts/Terms Flashcards

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4358387641	Allegory	A story in verse or poem that has another meaning beyond the surface.	0
4358396408	Allusion	A literary reference to a well-known person/place/event/idea for a comparison.	1
4358398233	Ambiguity	Author leaves out information so reader must "fill-in-the-blanks"; creates uncertainty.	2
4358401324	Analogy	Explains one idea or concept by comparing it to something else.	3
4359292985	Alliteration	Sequential repetition of similar initial sound.	4
4359294465	Anaphora	Repetition of words at start of successive clauses.	5
4358402468	Anecdote	A short, narrative account of an amusing, unusual, or interesting event. (Used to clarify point or create a memorable image, or to humanize the author)	6
4358405406	Antecedent	Phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.	7
4358406559	Antithesis	Parallelism that emphasizes an opposition of ideas.	8
4358410607	Aphorism	A short, catchy statement that teaches a moral. "An apple a day keeps the doctor away."	9
4358412445	Apostrophe	Addressing of a dead person or something not human.	10
4359299251	Assonance	Repetition of identical/similar vowel sounds.	11
4359300642	Asyndeton	Style where conjunctions are omitted.	12
4358413327	Caricature	A representation where the subject's distinctive features are deliberately exaggerated for comedic effect.	13
4358415829	Clause	A grammatical unit that has a subject and a verb.	14
4359302979	Conceit	Prolonged comparison of two unlikely things.	15
4358417507	Independent/Main Clause	A complete sentence (stand alone).	16
4358419642	Dependent/Subordinate Clause	Similar to an independent clause, but lacks one of the elements that would make it a complete sentence.	17
4358429844	Colloquialism/Colloquial Language	A term identifying the diction of the common, ordinary folks, especially in a specific region or area.	18
4358436368	Connotation	The emotional implications evoked by a word or phrase.	19
4359306605	Deductive Reasoning	Argument in which specific statements/conclusions are drawn from general principles; moves from general to specific.	20
4358437001	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word.	21
4358437761	Diction	Word choice.	22
4358439013	Didactic	Instructive.	23
4358439014	Epithet	A descriptive phrase that characterizes a person, place, or thing (like name-calling or "Man's Best Friend").	24
4359309541	Epistrophe	Repetition of a phrase at the end of sentences.	25
4358441124	Euphemism	When you substitute a more pleasant word for an offensive one.	26
4358442519	Figurative Language	English not meant to be taken on a literal level.	27
4358443703	Genre	A type of literature distinguished by style or form.	28
4358444739	Hyperbole	An extreme exaggeration.	29
4359314405	Homily	Sermon, talk, lecture on moral or spiritual life.	30
4358445341	Imagery	Intensely descriptive language that appeals to the senses (visual, olfactory, auditory, kinesthetic/tactile, or gustatory).	31
4359316853	Inductive Reasoning	Argument in which general conclusions are drawn from specific facts.	32
4358448715	Infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from facts presented.	33
4358450864	Invective	Strong, abusive language (more so insulting).	34
4358451726	Inversion	The reversal of normal word order in a sentence (Yoda talk).	35
4358459821	Irony	When the opposite of what you expect actually happens.	36
4358461550	Juxtaposition	Placing dissimilar ideas close together for comparison and contrast.	37
4358467862	Loose Sentence	The independent clause is first followed by dependent clauses.	38
4359318994	Litote	Figure of speech that emphasizes its subject by conscious understatement.	39
4358470508	Metaphor	A direct comparison between two items.	40
4359321195	Metonymy	Figure of speech in which an attribute/feature is used to name/designate something.	41
4358471608	Paradox	A statement that appears contradictory but is still true.	42
4358476799	Parallelism	Expression of ideas of equal worth in the same grammatical fashion. Often in sets of 3 (I came, I saw, I conquered).	43
4358486457	Parody	Mockery by imitation (of a particular work or style of an author).	44
4358499532	Pedantic	Overly scholarly, academic, bookish.	45
4358529207	Periodic Sentence	Dependent clauses first, and main/independent clause comes at the end.	46
4358530924	Persona	When an author creates a voice through which the story is told (ex. Mark Twain).	47
4358532535	Personification	Non-human things given human characteristics.	48
4358533396	Point of View	Perspective from which a story is told.	49
4358534146	Prose	Any type of writing that isn't poetry.	50
4358535084	Rhetoric	Effective communication.	51
4358542169	Rhetorical Appeal	Reasoned arguments in favor of or against particular beliefs/actions.	52
4358546543	Logos	Logical appeals: rational arguments used to support your claim.	53
4358547966	Ethos	Ethical appeals: based on character or reputation of speaker, identifying shared moral values with audience.	54
4358561568	Pathos	Emotional appeals: appeals to feelings or emotions; make audience care about the issue.	55
4358563398	Rhetorical Modes	Exposition- explanatory, argumentative, descriptive, narrative.	56
4358573613	Rhetorical Strategies	All the strategies an author can use. (Structure/Organization, Purpose, and Style)	57
4358580852	Rhetorical Question	A question posed for effect that does not expect a reply.	58
4358581983	Sarcasm	Harsh, bitter, cutting remark intended to wound.	59
4358583007	Satire	Use of irony, wit, and humor to expose humanity's vices, giving impetus to change or reform- a form of corrective ridicule.	60
4358586795	Simile	An indirect comparison between two items (uses like or as)	61
4358588918	Style	The distinctive way an author writes (language, structure, etc.)	62
4358590143	Stylistic Devices	The things writers use to create their style.	63
4358597209	Subordinate Clause	A dependent clause.	64
4358597673	Syllogism	System of formal logic that relies on deductive reasoning.	65
4358598530	Syntax	Sentence Structure (Simple, Complex, Compound Sentence).	66
4359326094	Synecdoche	When a part is used to signify a whole.	67
4359273240	Theme	The main idea of a work, stated directly or indirectly (state in a complete sentence).	68
4359275013	Tone	The way a writer conveys his/her attitude in a piece of literature.	69
4359276089	Understatement	Using a lesser expression than what would be expected.	70
4359277263	Declarative Sentence	Is assertive and makes a clear statement: "The king is sick."	71
4359280294	Imperative Sentence	Is assertive and gives a command: "Stand up. Bow to the king."	72
4359281711	Interrogative Sentence	Asks a question: "Is the king sick?"	73
4359283238	Exclamatory Sentence	Makes an exclamation: "The king is dead!"	74
4359285330	Jargon	Language specific to a profession or activity.	75

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AP English Language Glossary Flashcards

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4142382154	Personification	The assigning of human qualities to inanimate objects or concepts. An example: Wordsworth's "the sea that bares her bosom to the moon."	0
4142382155	Antithesis	the presentation of two contrasting images. The ideas are balanced by phrase, clause, or paragraphs. "To be or not to be . . ." "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times . . ." "Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country . . ."	1
4142382156	Oxymoron	From the Greek for "pointedly foolish," ___ is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms. Simple examples include "jumbo shrimp" and "cruel kindness."	2
4142382157	Sarcasm	from the Greek meaning "to tear flesh," ___ involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something. It may use irony as a device.	3
4142382158	Synecdoche	. a figure of speech that utilizes a part as representative of the whole. "All hands on deck" is an example.	4
4142382159	Hyperbole	a figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	5
4142382160	Anaphora	repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row. This is a deliberate form of repetition and helps make the writer's point more coherent.	6
4142382161	Euphony	the pleasant, mellifluous presentation of sounds in a literary work.	7
4142382162	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life. Usually, __ is unstated in fictional works, but in nonfiction, the __ may be directly stated, especially in expository or argumentative writing.	8
4142382163	Metonomy	a term from the Greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name" __ is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. For example: a news release that claims "The White House declared" rather than "The President declared"	9
4142382164	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	10
4142382165	Transition	a word or phrase that links one idea to the next and carries the reader from sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph.	11
4142382166	Onomatopoeia	a figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words. Simple examples include such words as buzz, hiss, hum.	12
4142382167	Cacophony	harsh and discordant sounds in a line or passage in a literary word.	13
4142382168	Metaphor	a direct comparison between dissimilar things. "Your eyes are stars" is an example.	14
4142382169	Symbol	generally, anything that represents, stands for, something else. Usually, a ___ is something concrete—such as an object, action, character, or scene—that represents something more abstract.	15
4142382170	Begging the Question	Often called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.	16
4142382171	Invective	an emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	17
4142382172	Understatement	the opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.	18
4142382173	Either-or reasoning	When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.	19
4142382174	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	20
4142382175	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	21
4142382176	Causal Relationship	In __, a writer asserts that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or brings about another is often relevant in establishing a logical argument.	22
4142382177	Equivocation	When a writer uses the same term in two different senses in an argument.	23
4142382178	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions. On a physical level, __ uses terms related to the five senses; we refer to visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, or olfactory. For example, a rose may present visual __ while also representing the color in a woman's cheeks.	24
4142382179	Euphemism	a more acceptable and usually more pleasant way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable. "He went to his final reward" is a common __ for "he died." They are also used to obscure the reality of the situation.	25
4142382180	Figure of Speech	A device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Examples are apostrophe, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonomy, oxymoron, paradox, personification, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.	26
4142382181	Irony	The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant. The difference between what appears to be and what actually is true.	27
4142382182	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and convention for reform or ridicule. Regardless of whether or not the work aims to reform humans or their society, ___ is best seen as a style of writing rather than a purpose for writing. The effect of __, often humorous, is thought provoking and insightful about the human condition.	28
4142382183	Alliteration	The repetition of initial consonant sounds, such as "Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers."	29
4142382184	Epigraph	The use of a quotation at the beginning of a work that hints at its theme. Hemingway begins The Sun Also Rises with two. One of them is "You are all a lost generation" by Gertrude Stein.	30
4142382185	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The independent clause is preceded by a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone. The effect is to add emphasis and structural variety.	31
4142382186	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	32
4142382187	Ethos	an appeal based on the character of the speaker. An __-driven document relies on the reputation of the author.	33
4142382188	Situational Irony	a type of irony in which events turn out the opposite of what was expected.	34
4142382189	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	35
4142382190	Pathos	an appeal based on emotion.	36
4142382191	Syllogism	From the Greek for "reckoning together," a __ is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premises that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion.	37
4142382192	Logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	38
4142382193	Verbal Irony	In this type of irony, the words literally state the opposite of the writer's true meaning	39
4142382194	Anecdote	A story or brief episode told by the writer or a character to illustrate a point.	40
4142382195	Abstract Language	Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places.	41
4142382196	Ad Hominem	In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas. It comes from the Latin meaning "against the man."	42
4142382197	Denotation	the literal or dictionary meaning of a word	43
4142382198	Cumulative	Sentence which begins with the main idea and then expands on that idea with a series of details or other particulars	44
4142382199	Dramatic Irony	In this type of irony, facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or a piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience, or other characters in the work	45
4142382200	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	46
4142382201	Connotation	the interpretive level or a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning.	47
4142382202	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, or any element of language, such as sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	48
4142382203	Syntax	The grammatical structure of prose and poetry.	49
4142382204	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	50
4142382205	Voice	can refer to two different areas of writing. One refers to the relationship between a sentence's subject and verb (active and passive). The second refers to the total "sound" of the writer's style.	51
4142382206	Infer	To draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.	52
4142382207	Argument	A single assertion or a series of assertions presented and defended by the writer	53
4142382208	Allusion	A reference contained in a work	54
4142382209	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.	55
4142382210	Stream-of-consciousness	This is a narrative technique that places the reader in the mind and thought process of the narrator, no matter how random and spontaneous that may be.	56
4142382211	Allegory	A work that functions on a symbolic level	57
4142382212	Explication	The act of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text. __ usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language.	58
4142382213	Parallelism	refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity.	59
4142382214	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies that meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	60
4142382215	Rhetorical Modes	The flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	61
4142382216	Analogy	a literary device employed to serve as a basis for comparison. It is assumed that what applies to the parallel situation also applies to the original circumstance. In other words, it is the comparison between two different items.	62
4142382217	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	63
4142382218	Example	an individual instance taken to be representative of a general pattern	64
4142382219	Description	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that being described. Sometimes an author engages all five senses.	65
4142382220	Narrative Device	This term describes the tools of the storyteller, such as ordering events to that they build to climatic movement or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing in creates a desired effect.	66
4142382221	Ethical Appeal	When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him or her based on a presentation of image of self through the text.	67
4142382222	Exposition	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.	68
4142382223	Attitude	the relationship an author has toward his or her subject, and/or his or her audience	69
4142382224	Backing	Support or evidence for a claim in an argument	70
4142382225	Ellipsis	Indicated by a series of three periods, the __ indicates that some material has been omitted from a given text.	71
4142382226	Argumentation	The purpose of this rhetorical mode is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader.	72
4142382227	Didactic	writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach. A ___ work is usually formal and focuses on moral or ethical concerns.	73
4142382228	Ambiguity	an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.	74
4142382229	Narration	The purpose of this type of rhetorical mode is to tell the story or narrate an event or series of events.	75
4142382230	Rhetoric	from the Greek for "orator," this term describes the principle governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively.	76
4142382231	Third Person Limited Omniscient	This type of point of view presents the feelings and thoughts of only one character, presenting only the actions of all remaining characters	77
4142382232	Third Person Omniscient	In ___, the narrator, with a godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters.	78
4142382233	Comic Relief	the inclusion of a humorous character or scene to contrast with the tragic elements of a work, thereby intensifying the next tragic event.	79
4142382234	Character	those who carry out the action of the plot in literature. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the types.	80
4142382235	Colloquial	the use of slang in writing, often to create local color and to provide an informal tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style.	81
4142382236	Antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers.	82
4142382237	Style	an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices.	83
4142382238	Thesis	The sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	84
4142382239	Authority	Arguments that draw on recognized experts or persons with highly relevant experience.	85
4142382240	Chiasmus	Arrangement of repeated thoughts in the pattern of X Y Y X. It is often short and summarizes a main idea.	86
4142382241	Deconstruction	a critical approach that debunks single definitions of meaning based on the instability of language. It "is not a dismantling of a structure of a text, but a demonstration that it has already dismantled itself."	87
4142382242	Balance	a situation in which all parts of the presentation are equal, whether in sentences or paragraphs or sections of a longer work.	88
4142382243	Conflict	a clash between opposing forces in a literary work, such as man vs. man; man vs. nature; man vs. God; man vs. self	89
4142382244	Tone	Similar to mood, __ describes the author's attitude toward his or her material, the audience, or both.	90
4142382245	Prose	One of the major divisions of genre, ___ refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms, because they are written in ordinary language and most closely resemble everyday speech.	91
4142382246	Dialect	the recreation of regional spoken language, such as a Southern one. Hurston uses this in Their Eyes Were Watching God.	92
4142382247	Asyndeton	Commas used (with no conjunction) to separate a series of words. The parts are emphasized equally when the conjunction is omitted; in addition, the use of commas with no intervening conjunction speeds up the flow of the sentence. X, Y, Z as opposed to X, Y, and Z.	93
4142382248	Wit	In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement.	94
4142382249	Point of View	In literature, the perspective from which a story is told.	95
4142382250	Deduction	The process of moving from a general rule to a specific example.	96
4142382251	Annotation	explanatory notes added to a text to explain, cite sources, or give bibliographical data.	97
4142382252	Mood	This term has two distinct technical meanings in English writing. The first meaning is grammatical and deals with verbal units and a speaker's attitude. The second meaning is literary, meaning the prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work.	98
4142382253	Diction	the author's choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning	99

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AP Japanese (House vocab) Flashcards

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4046795983	伝統的な家	traditional house	0
4046902584	マンション	condominium	1
4046902585	アパート	aparment	2
4046795984	和風	Japanese style	3
4046798873	洋風	Western style	4
3992202233	部屋	a room	5
3992192919	和室	Japanese room	6
3992192920	洋室	Western room	7
4046792651	畳	Tatami	8
4046794474	四畳半	4.5 tatami room	9
3992194589	2階建ての家	two stories house	10
3992194590	一軒、二軒	counter for the house	11
4046746550	玄関	entrance	12
4046911983	げた箱	shoe closet	13
4046746551	階段	staircase	14
4046747721	廊下	hallway	15
3992202234	寝室	bedroom	16
4046914520	たんす	chest/wardrobe	17
4046770439	ふとん	futon	18
4046916428	まくら	pillow	19
4046772497	ざぶとん	sitting pillow	20
4046772498	押入れ	futon closet	21
3992205020	居間	livingroom	22
3992207194	床の間	alcove	23
4046918846	ストーブ	space heater	24
4046916429	座卓	low table	25
4046975664	客間	guest room	26
4046773085	こたつ	kotatsu table	27
4046780888	掛け軸	hanging art	28
4046782552	生け花	flower arrangement	29
4046805984	飾る	to decorate	30
4046798910	仏壇(ぶつだん)	Buddhism alter	31
4046801285	神棚	Shinto alter	32
4046782553	障子	sliding door by the window or hallway	33
4046784880	襖(ふすま)	sliding door between the rooms	34
3992205021	台所	kitchen	35
3992208766	冷蔵庫	fridge	36
3992208767	電子レンジ	microwave	37
3992208768	湯沸かし器	instant water boiler	38
3992210375	炊飯器(すいはんき)	rice cooker	39
3992207195	お風呂・浴室(よくしつ)	bath	40
3992207196	洗面所	washroom	41
3992207197	別々	separate	42
3992208765	庭	garden	43
3992210376	ベランダ	porch (apartment)	44

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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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2820556525	Authority	The quality that is put through by the author; the author has previous knowledge on the subject, so they are viewed as an accepted source of information	0
2820556526	Audience	The listeners or spectators at a speech or performance, or the intended readership for a piece of writing.	1
2820557614	Backing	Moral support that is given to one particular point of the conflict, it is only meant to affect the reader psychologically or emotionally.	2
2820557615	Assertion	Something that the author either suggests or claims is true, but has no real evidence supporting his claim.	3
2820558326	Logical Fallacies	Errors that appear in arguments, but may be making your logic less relevant in your argument, they usually lack evidence that support your claim.	4
2820558824	Generalization (L.F.)	When a writer basis a claim on an isolated example or asserts a claim as certain rather than probable	5
2820558825	Begging the question (L.F.)	Circular reasoning in which one assumes to be true what one is supposed to be proving .	6
2820559348	Ad hominem (L.F.)	Argument against the man [or person]"; a fallacy that involves replying to an argument or assertion by attempting to discredit the person offering the argument or assertion.	7
2820560114	Either-or-Reasoning (L.F.)	When the writer reduces an argument or issue to two polar opposites and ignores any alternatives.	8
2820562200	Non-sequitur (L.F.)	Latin for "it does not follow" when one statement isn't logically connected to another.	9
2820562201	Red herring (L.F.)	Something that draws attention away from the central issue.	10
2820562776	Post hoc (L.F.)	In or of the form of an argument in which one event is asserted to be the cause of a later event simply by virtue of having happened earlier	11
2820562777	False dilemma (L.F.)	Qhen two cases are not sufficiently parallel to lead readers to accept a claim of connection for the two	12
2820564385	The Aristotelian Appeals	Aristotle's "ingredients for persuasion" are known by the names of ethos, pathos, and logos; They are all means of persuading others to take a particular point of view.	13
2820563282	Logos (A.A.)	(Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning; can also be the facts and statistics used to help support the argument.	14
2820564946	Ethos (A.A.)	(Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing by the character of the author; the speaker's/author's authority	15
2820565939	Pathos (A.A.)	(Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions; vivid language, emotional language and numerous sensory details.	16
2820565940	Purpose	The reason an author decides to write about a specific topic. Then, once a topic is selected, the author must decide whether his purpose for writing is to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain his ideas to the reader.	17
2820566434	Describe (Purpose)	Contains many descriptive details (adjectives) and imagery; You can get a clear visual image of whatever is being described.	18
2820566435	Explain (Purpose)	When the author uses senses to tell a story or event, giving reasons to let one know what has happened.	19
2820567020	Inform (Purpose)	The author uses facts in their piece, but is not trying to make an argument instead they are trying to teach.	20
2820567021	Persuade (Purpose)	Contains mostly opinions; The author is trying to get you to do something, support a certain cause, or buy something *Examples would be advertisements and political speeches. Also called convince.	21
2820567539	Entertain (Purpose)	The author is simply telling a story; writing to amuse the audience; Short stories and poems are often written for this purpose.	22
2820567540	Tone	An attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience; generally conveyed through the choice of words or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.	23
2820568113	Didactic Tone	Instill a particular piece of literature or article with a specific philosophical concept meant to teach a specific message or a moral lesson besides giving information and pleasure; It is specifically used for literary pieces that are full of morality and target a specific audience.	24
2820568772	Nostalgic Tone	Reveals a kind of homesickness for the past, a desire to return to "the good ole days"	25
2820570665	Pedantic Tone	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	26
2820570666	Trite Tone	Stale; worn out; overused	27
2820571086	Contemptuous Tone	Insulting someone or dismissing them in a hateful way scornful; expressing in disgrace	28
2820571087	Sardonic Tone	Scornfully or cynically mocking; sarcastic	29
2820571558	Benevolent Tone	Characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings; desiring to help others; charitable; intended for benefits rather than profit	30
2820572316	Effusive Tone	Unrestrained and excessive in emotional expression	31
2820572317	Compassionate Tone	Feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others.	32
2820572664	Urban Tone	sophisticated, elegant	33
2820572665	Diction	Style of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer.	34
2820573313	Denotation (Diction)	The strict, literal dictionary definition or a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color.	35
2820573314	Connotation (Diction)	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning. Involve ideas,emotions, or attitudes.	36
2820573748	Colloquial Diction	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.Give conversational, familiar tone.	37
2820573749	Formal Diction	Using words that are obeying normal standards that are correct and do not have any casual or familiar forms.	38
2820574081	Informal Diction	The relaxed, conversational language that we use every day.	39
2820574819	Metonymy (Diction)	A term from the greek meaning "changed label" or "substitute name"; a figure of speech which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	40
2820574820	Monosyllabic (Diction)	Using words that are only composed of one syllable; being to the point and straight forward	41
2820575404	Polysyllabic (Diction)	Using words that have multiple syllable; mainly having syllables that have four or more syllables.	42
2820575405	Contrastive (Diction)	Having words that contrast with each other, and oppose the meaning of what they literally mean.	43
2820576000	Synecdoche (Diction)	Literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part.	44
2820576001	Concerete (Diction)	Language that describes qualities that can be perceived with the five senses as opposed to using abstract or generalized language e.g. calling a fruit "pleasant" or "good" is abstract, while calling a fruit "cool" or "sweet" is concrete.	45
2820576455	Abstract (Diction)	Language that describes qualities that cannot be perceived with the five senses. e.g. calling something "pleasant" is abstract, while calling something yellow or sour is concrete.	46
2820576888	Ambiguous (Diction)	Occurs when something is open to more than one interpretation.	47
2820581156	Detail	When images and image production make elements distinguishable so it can make a virtual illustration.	48
2820582071	Mood (Detail)	A literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in readers through words and descriptions.	49
2820582072	Imagery (Detail)	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions; [visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory or olfactory imagery.]	50
2820582760	Setting (Detail)	The location and time frame in which the action of a narrative takes place.	51
2820584125	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	52
2820584503	Allusion (F.L)	A brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance; Does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers; Just a comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text.	53
2820584504	Simile (F.L)	figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared. That explicit comparison often takes the form of the word "like" or "as".	54
2820585288	Metaphor (F.L)	Implied comparison achieved through a figurative use of words; the word is used not in its literal sense, but in one analogous to it. Example: Life's but a walking shadow; a poor player, That struts and frets his hour upon the stage. Shakespeare, Macbeth . . . while he learned the language (that meager and fragile thread . . . by which the little surface corners and edges of men's secret and solitary lives may be joined for an instant now and then before sinking back into the darkness. . . ) Faulkner, Absalom, Absalom! *From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. W. Churchill	55
2820585289	Personification (F.L)	A figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals, or inatimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions.	56
2820585673	Hyperbole (F.L)	A figure of speech using diliberate exaggeration or overstatement. Have a comic effect; however,a serious effect is possible.	57
2820585674	Understatement (F.L)	Understatement the ironic minimalizing of fact; presents something as less significant that it is.	58
2820586185	Paradox (F.L)	A statement that appears to be self contradictory or opposed tocommon sense, but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	59
2820587765	Dramatic Irony (F.L)	Occurs when the audience knows something the characters do not. Because of this understanding, the words of the characters take on a different meaning.	60
2820595164	Verbal Irony (F.L)	Irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning.	61
2820597967	Analogy (F.L)	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; Can explain something unfamiliar by associating it with or pointing out its similarity to something more familiar.	62
2820597968	Anecdote (F.L)	A short and interesting story or an amusing event often proposed to support or demonstrate some point and make readers and listeners laugh.	63
2820599765	Allegory (F.L)	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.	64
2820599766	Organization	Refers to the order in which a writer chooses to present his or her ideas to the reader; the arrangement of ideas, incidents, evidence, or details in a perceptible order in a paragraph or essay.	65
2820600226	Deductive Organization	Begins with a general assertion and then presents specific details and examples in support of the generalization.	66
2820602755	Inductive Organization	Begins with a number of examples and then concluding with a general truth or principle	67
2820604075	Idea/ Example (Organization)	This is when the major ideas are presented with evidence or details that help support this idea.	68
2820604602	Cause/ Effect (Organization)	Used to show the different causes and effects of various conditions; This pattern is particularly effective when writing a persuasive document in which the writer advocates some action to solve a problem, because it demonstrates important relationships between variables.	69
2820604984	Description (Organization)	Presents general information about a class of persons, places, things, and events; Identifies characteristics or attributes	70
2820606400	Process Analysis (Organization)	Presents a chronological sequence of steps that explain how something is done, how something happens, or how readers can do something.	71
2820613617	Narration (Organization)	Organizes information to tell a story	72
2820614876	Comparison/ Contrast (Organization)	Arranges information according to how two or more things are similar to or different from one another (or both); This is an effective pattern to use when the reader can better understand one subject when it is described in relation to another.	73
2820616022	Exposition (Organization)	Writing that is mainly meant to give information and to explain things, usually in detail.	74
2820616023	Persuasion (Organization)	Type of writing (rhetoric) whose main purpose is to convince the audience to think, act, or feel a certain way; It involves appealing to reason (logos), to emotion (pathos), and/or to a sense of ethics (ethos).	75
2820617272	Repetition (Organization)	The use of any element, such as a sound, word, clause, phrase or sentence more than once.	76
2820617744	Syllogism (Organization)	Starts an argument with a reference to something general and from this it draws conclusion about something more specific. e.g. general argument that "All men are mortal," we know that "John is a man" so "John is mortal.	77
2820618228	Point of view	The perspective, the vantage point from which the story is told.	78
2820618542	Subjective POV	One based on opinion rather than fact, upon which reasonable people could disagree.	79
2820621208	Objective POV	Writer tells what happens without stating more than can be inferred from the story's action and dialogue; facts	80
2820621209	Participant POV	Sometimes called "First-Person" point of view; Uses first person pronouns (I, we, me, my, our); The narrator is a character in the story	81
2820621568	Observer POV	Does not take place in plot of the story, but is usually narrator, and presents what others are doing and how they act.	82
2820621569	Syntax	Refers to the actual way in which words and sentences are placed together in the writing.	83
2820622296	Sentence length (Syntax)	The number of words in a sentence	84
2820624097	Anaphora (Syntax)	Repetition of a certain word or phrase at the beginning of successive lines of writing or speech.	85
2820624439	Antithesis (Syntax)	Emphasizes the idea of contrast by parallel structures of the contrasted phrases or clauses; Used when the writer employs two sentences of contrasting meanings in close proximity to one another. *e.g. "Setting foot on the moon may be a small step for a man but a giant step for mankind."	86
2820625085	Asyndeton (Syntax)	Writing style where conjunctions are omitted in a series of words, phrases or clauses; It is used to shorten a sentence and focus on its meaning. *e.g. "Are all thy conquests, glories, triumphs, spoils, Shrunk to this little measure?"	87
2820625773	Polysyndeton (Syntax)	A literary technique in which conjunctions (e.g. and, but, or) are used repeatedly in quick succession, often with no commas, even when the conjunctions could be removed.	88
2820626298	Parallel sentence (Syntax)	Repetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance.	89
2820626299	Loose sentence (Syntax)	Also called a cumulative sentence; begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause; These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause. *e.g. "I went to the movies yesterday, bought candy, and shopped at the mall." "I like everything about this painting, even though I usually don't like this particular artist."	90
2820626893	Periodic sentence (Syntax)	Has the main clause or predicate at the end of the sentence; This is used for emphasis and can be persuasive by putting reasons for something at the beginning before the final point is made; It can also create suspense or interest for the reader. *e.g. "In spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued."	91
2820627504	Rhetorical question (Syntax)	Is a question that you ask without expecting an answer. The question might be one that does not have an answer; It might also be one that has an obvious answer but you have asked the question to make a point, to persuade or for literary effect.	92
2820627505	Inverted syntax	Occurs when lines do not follow traditional sentence patterns, for example when the subject and verb or the object and subject are reversed. Placing an adjective after the noun it qualifies e.g. "the soldier strong" Placing a verb before its subject e.g. "shouts the policeman" *Placing a noun before its preposition e.g. "worlds between"	93
2820628415	Alliteration (Syntax)	A literary device where two or more words in a phrase or line of poetry share the same beginning sound; Usually the beginning consonants in the words are used for the alliteration. *e.g. "But a better butter makes a batter better"	94
2820628416	Assonance (Syntax)	Repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases or sentences *e.g. "Go and mow the lawn."	95
2820628969	Consonance (Syntax)	a poetic device characterized by the repetition of the same consonant two or more times in short succession *e.g. "pitter patter" "all mammals named Sam are clammy"	96

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