AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP World History Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6706988699Nomads: Paleolithic periodmarked by the use of stone tools0
6707002340Nomads: Foraging societiesSmall groups of people who traveled from point to point as the climate and availability of plants and animals dictated. They depended on nature, and they could be eliminated by climate change, disease, famine, or natural disaster. Permanent shelters were not common and people had very few belongings.1
6707045807Nomads: Pastoral societiesCharacterized by the domestication of animals. Often in mountain regions and little rainfall. They used small scale agriculture. Women had few rights (more egalitarian than future societies though). Social status was based on the size of your herd. These people never settled due to the need for grazing areas and water. Experimented with the cultivation of plants. (what did this lead to in the future?)2
6707087696Settling Down: Neolithic RevolutionPeople living in small groups and towns, but they settled. The cultivation of plants allowed for this change to settled living. Due to their simple tools and animal domestication their food supply was constant. When people settled they became more unified and created culture.3
6707114867Settling Down: Important Consequence of AgricultureJob specialization because everyone knew how to prepare food, so not everyone had to worry about what they would eat. Organized government structures and economies began to grow as well as a religious center. These people gained order, and were on the verge of civilizations. Irrigation systems led to a surplus of food.4
6707126422Nomadic vs. SettledPeople went from moving to being settled, but they also gained the sense of ownership and unity.5
6707153522Key to a CivilizationJob specialization is key because if one group can provide the food then the rest of the people can start to form other groups to contribute to society.6
6707167209Settling Down: Impact of Agriculture on EnvironmentFarm villages began to change the land by diverting water, clearing land for farms, and creating new farm land. Roads were built in more permanent cities, and stone was cut to build monuments. The land was constantly being altered to fit the need of the growing population. Animals were now used for farming labor (plows).7
6707193856Settling Down: TechnologyHoes and plows were made from stone. Pots for cooking. The wheel and the sail were invented. The biggest weapon and tool advancement was the use of metal. (Bronze Age)8
6707210071The Big, Early Civilizations: The RiversMost civilizations were in river valleys because it supplied a constant stream of water. Rivers also provided a transportation method.9
6707247613Early Civilizations: Mesopotamia"Land between the two rivers" Located between the Tigris and Euphrates. Sumer, Babylon, and Persia thrived here. Located in the larger area, the Fertile Crescent. Cities began to be formed uphill away from floods, and this enabled city state formation.10
6707265799Mesopotamia: SumerUr was a major city state. Developed cuneiform (writing). This writing was used to set laws, treaties, and important social/religious customs. Cuneiform spread through trade routes. The wheel spread through trade as well. They also developed a 12 month calendar and a 60 increment math system. Geometry was used in architecture for arches and columns. Polytheistic civilization and each city state had its own god that the locals worshipped. Terraced pyramids called ziggurats were built for the worship of gods. The civilization was overthrown in 1700 B.C.E due to overflow of invasions.11
6707310946Mesopotamia: BabylonThis civilization conquered Akkad who made a detailed code of laws. King Hammurabi expanded on the code, and today is accepted as the big step to modern law. This early civilization fell due to Hittite invasion in 1500 B.C.E.12
6707371420Mesopotamia: HittitesDominated use of iron13
6707384976Mesopotamia: AssyriaAdopted the Hittites use of iron and created a capital which turned into an empire. A very violent group of people and many uprisings against authority, and this led to some cultural diffusion due to the high exile rate.14
6707404287Mesopotamia: Main IdeasThe Code of Hammurabi and the use of iron were big developments. Even after a group of peoples were conquered their way of life was not lost.15
6707416503Early Civilizations: Ancient EgyptDeveloped along the Nile river where people clustered along the banks. Followed a stable agriculture system due to the planned floods.16
6707427096Ancient Egypt: The KingdomsOld, Middle, and New, and the new kingdom was when Egypt was at its height.17
6707432610Ancient Egypt: AchievementsPharaohs ruled the lands. The construction of obelisks, pyramids, and tombs. Created hieroglyphics which was the system of writing using drawings. Created a calendar using astronomy. Became dependent on trade due to the necessity of materials.18
6707456264Ancient EgyptPolytheistic religion and they focused a lot on the afterlife. Mummified important figures.19
6707463553Ancient Egypt: WomenA female ruler, Queen Hatshepsut, reigned in the new kingdom. Gave women more rights and expanded trade. Women were not given equal rights to men, but they did have more power in their own life.20
6707474613Ancient Egypt: SocialPyramids symbolized the social hierarchy, pharaohs at the top, then the priests, nobles, merchants, artisans, and slaves/peasants at the bottom. The peasants worked the land and generated the kingdom's wealth.21
6707490890Ancient Egypt: DeclineDifferent civilizations took over Egypt for small amounts of time22
6707506740Early Civilizations: Indus ValleyBuilt along Indus River, and less outside contact. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were uniformly constructed and organized. They had a strong central government led by a priest king (polytheistic). Farmers grew cotton and the artisans turned that into cloth. The Aryans crumbled the river valley.23
6707513074Decline of Early CivilizationsA common pattern was a civilization would become powerful and attract attention. The foreign groups became jealous and invaded. Due to the over extension the civilizations could not prevent the invasions.24
6707552488Early Civilization: AryansNomadic tribe from mountains who used horses and weaponry to defeat the enemy. Each group migrated to India into the Indus Valley. They established their religious beliefs in India, such as, reincarnation. Their polytheistic religion was recorded in the vedas and upanishads. These beliefs evolved to Hinduism.25
6707572483Aryan: SocialTheir ideas formed the caste system in India. Warriors to priests to peasants. Later the merchant class would be placed above peasants and priests above warriors. Separate classes could not marry.26
6707589666Early Civilization: Shang ChinaArose in the Yellow River valley and based itself on trade. Militarily powerful and controlled a lot of north china at its height. Workers built walls around cities, warriors used the chariot. Limited contact with the world. Bronze workers, used horse drawn chariots, invented the spoked wheel, and produced amazing silk and pottery. Created a decimal system and calendar as well.27
6707618083Shang China: FamilyThe eldest male led the whole line of family in one house.28
6707622063Zhou ChinaAdopted many Shang customs when they took over. Used the Mandate of Heaven which allowed rulers to rule as long as they were just and right.29
6707637683Zhou China: GovernmentDeveloped a feudal system. The main king ruled the kingdom, but nobles were set to overwatch the far away regions. These nobles would eventually gain power and split off. Bureaucracies were formed and this stabilized the government.30
6707664168Early Civilization: West AfricaFarmers in the Niger and Benue river valleys began migrating south and east. Along with them they Brought their Bantu language and agriculture/metallurgy skills. The spark of this migration was climate change31
6707698171West Africa: Jenne jenofirst city in Sub Saharan Africa which began as a fishing settlement. Not a hierarchical organized society.32
6707731951Early Mesoamerica and Andean South America: OlmecEarly civilization in Mexico. Urban society with surplus of corn, beans, and squash. Mastered irrigation skills and made large buildings. They were polytheistic and made a calendar. NOT IN RIVER VALLEY33
6707749896Technology and Innovations to 600 B.C.E.Farming tools, metallurgy, and manipulating the environment made the human leap from nomads to empires. Public works projects became more useful especially in creating irrigation systems. Large monuments were made to assert power. A steady food supply allowed the focus to shift to specialized skills.34
6707768779Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Changes and Continuities in the Role of WomenIn all societies the women were to nurture the children but in nomadic society they were also supposed to gather food. Women in the Paleolithic period taught their children to speak the native language.35
6707782267Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: CivilizationsAgriculture, written language, and the use of metals all contribute to the forming of early civilizations. Civilizations grow when job specialization is high. A time of peace allows for more focus on advancing. They fell due to over extension, internal warfare, or foreign invasion.36
6707805526Most important inventions up to 600 B.C.E.The wheel and iron37
6707807523Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Sources of ChangeMain methods are trade and conquest, spreading major belief systems (through trade). Adapting and innovating was key to success and diversity.38
6707816792Tech and Environmental Changes to 600 B.C.E.: Humans vs. NaturePeople changed the earth around them, digging canals, stone cutting, plowing, and metal working. Calendars were also crucial.39
6721625393The Classical Civilizations: India and ChinaMaurya, Gupta, Qin, and Han40
6721629030Classical: The Maurya Empire (India)330 B.C.E. Alexander the Great conquered the Persian empire and then moved into India. The Aryan culture was currently spreading through India at this time. The Maurya empire spanned from the Indus River through the Ganges and south to the Deccan plateau, this empire was founded by Chandagupta Maurya.41
6721639419Asoka MauryaChandragupta's grandson who took the Maurya empire to great heights. Preached non-violence for the second half of his reign.42
6721642266MauryaTrade made the empire so powerful along with the strong military. Asoka was a very violent ruler (at first), after his troops claimed Kalinga he converted to Buddhism.43
6721655857Maurya: Rock and Pillar EdictsThese reminded the Maurya peoples to live generously and the Buddhism religion spread beyond the empire.44
6721659984Classical: The Gupta Dynasty in IndiaThe Maurya declined mainly to economic problems and invasion, and following the Maurya came the... Chandra Gupta created another vast empire in India. His empire was more decentralized and smaller, but it was considered the golden age of arts and sciences. (pi and zero). Hinduism became the dominant religion again in India. Women were losing their rights quickly. The White Huns contributed to their downfall.45
6721683625Classical: The Qin Dynasty in ChinaDeveloped a strong economy based on agriculture, organized a powerful army with iron weapons, conquered surrounding territories, all done with one emperor. They connected separate fortification walls creating the Great Wall of china. The first emperor reunited the decentralized the feudal kingdoms.46
Powered by Quizlet.com

Period 4 AP World History C Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6303157963Thirty Years War(1618-1648) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a battle between Frence and their rivals the Hapsburgs, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire0
6303157964Treaty Of Westphalia1648 ended the Thirty Years war. Granted religious freedom to various German towns throughout the Holy Roman Empire1
6303157965Absolute monarchyA system of government in which the head of state is a hereditary position and the king or queen has almost complete power2
6303157966Louis XIV(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.3
6303157967Seven Years War(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English, proved the English to be the more dominant force.4
6303157968ManchusFederation of Northeast Asian (from Manchuria) peoples who founded the Qing Empire.5
6303157969MercantilismAn economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought6
6303157970Qing Dynasty(1644-1911 CE), the last imperial dynasty of China which was overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture,7
6303157971feudal warlords in japandaiymo8
6303157972tokugawa shogunate(1603-1867) Feudal Warlord rulers of Japan. Responisble for closing Japan off from the rest of the world during the edo period9
6303157973Reunification of Japanmade possible by 3 strong shogunate which est. the tokugawa, japans government10
6303157974Cartographymap making11
6303157975The Scientific RevolutionA new way of thinking about the natural world. It was based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs12
6303157976Nikolai Copernicusmade the Heliocentric Theory13
6303157977Heliocentric Theorythe idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around the sun( went against the church )14
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
2852996510Allegorya story, poem, or a picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning (2 levels of meaning-- surface & deeper meaning)0
2852999613Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words1
2853001356Allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference2
2853004930Ambiguityuncertainty or inexactness of meaning in language (Example: I rode a black horse in red pajamas)3
2853009537Analogycomparison between like features of two things that are otherwise dissimilar4
2853011682Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses5
2853138079Anastrophethe inversion of the usual order of words or clauses.. NOUNS & ADJECTIVES6
2853139265Anecdotea short and interesting story or an amusing event-- makes readers laugh7
2853140525Antagonistcharacter or group of characters that stand in opposition to the protagonist(s); normally the "bad guy"8
2853142825Antithesistwo opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect (Example: setting foot on the moon may be a small step for man but a giant step for mankind)9
2853147754Anthropomorphismthe attribution of human characteristics or behavior to a god, animal, or object10
2853149678Aphorisma statement or truth expressed in a concise matter (Example: if it's not broke, don't fix it)11
2853151819Appositiona relationship between two or more words or phrases in which the two units are grammatically parallel (Example: my friend Sue; the first U.S. president George Washington)12
2853155068Assonancewhen two or more words close to one another repeat the same vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds (Example: men sell the wedding bells)13
2853156816Characterizationused to highlight and explain the details about a character in a story14
2853157812Indirect Characterizationsubtle way of introducing the character. The "audience" needs to figure out the character by observing actions or what they say.15
2853160800Direct Characterizationdirect approach to building a character. Author reveals traits in a very straightforward matter.16
2853162416Static Characterthe personality of a character when introduced is the same personality when the story comes to a close17
2853165950Dynamic Charactera character who changes throughout the course of a story as a result of the conflicts they encounter18
2853168037Flat Character"two-dimensional"-- relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout a story19
2853169763Round Charactercomplex characters that undergo development-- sometimes to surprise the reader20
2853172056Clichéan expression that has been over used to the extent that it loses its original meaning (Example: lost track of time; at the speed of light)21
2853185546Colloquialismthe use of informal words or phrases or even slang (Example: y'all, gonna, wanna) **INFORMAL22
2853187592Comedya piece of work with a light and numerous characters with a happy and cheerful ending23
2853188935Conceita form of a metaphor or simile that likens two very different objects (Example: marriage is like getting a root canal) ...REALLY ELABORATE24
2853190658Conflicta literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces usually a protagonist and antagonist25
2853194481External Conflictthe struggle between a character and an outside force such as nature or another character (Example: conflict between parents and children)26
2853197233Internal Conflictpsychological struggle within the mind of a character; normally a lack of action27
2856806673Connotationrefers to a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly (Example: "wall street" literally means a street in New York, but is referred to for "wealth" and "power")28
2856811690Coupletliterary device that has two successive rhyming lines in a verse and has the same meter to form a complete thought (Example: "The time is out of joint, o curse spite. That ever I was born to set it right.)29
2856816339Dialectthe language used by people of a specific area, class, or any other group of people. Dialect involves spelling, sounds, grammar, and pronunciation.30
2856818583Dictionstyle of speaking or writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or writer31
2856820171Didactica novel, play, or poem that is didactic aims to teach us something. They often have morals to impart or teach us something about religion, philosophy, history, or politics.32
2856836437Elegya form of literature which can be defined as a poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased33
2856838723Epica long narrative poem, often written about a hero34
2856839993Epigrapha literary device in the form of a poem, quotation, or sentence usually placed at the beginning of a document-- used as a summary, introduction, or an example to draw comparison35
2856859039Epithetdescribes a place, thing, or person in such a way that it helps in making the characteristics of a person, thing, or place more prominent than the actually are36
2856862980Essaya short form of literary composition based on a single subject matter, often gives personal opinion of the author37
2856873702Argumentative Essaya type of writing that requires a writer to defend a position on a topic using evidence to support his or her viewpoint. The writer uses several different arguments to prove his/her point38
2856877209Persuasive Essayan essay where the writer tries to convince his readers to adopt his position on a point of view or issue after he provides them solid reasoning39
2856880308Cause/Effect Essayan essay where a writer analyzes the reasons for and/or the consequences of an action, event, or decision40
2856882311Descriptive Essayan essay that gives description about a particular topic or describes the traits and characteristics of something or a person in detail. It allows artistic freedom and creates images in minds of readers through the use of the five senses41
2856888624Exposition (Expository) EssayIn this essay, the writers give explanation of an idea, theme, or issue to the audience by giving their personal opinions. This essay is presented through examples, definitions, comparison, and contrast.42
2856893482Narrative EssayNon-fiction, but describes a story with sensory descriptions. The writers not only tell a story, but also make a point by giving reasons.43
2856900336Explicationa relatively short analysis which describes the possible meanings and relationships of the words, images, etc. in a poem or other piece of work44
2856903622Fablea concise and brief story intended to provide a moral lesson at the end45
2856905105Farcea literary genre and the type of a comedy that makes the use of highly exaggerated and funny situations aimed at entertaining the audience (**goal is to make the audience laugh)46
2856911833Figurative Languagelanguage in which figures of speech are used to make it effective, persuasive, and impactful (Examples: simile, metaphor, personification, idiom, etc.)47
2856915962Foila character that shows qualities that are in contrast with the qualities of another character with the objective to highlight the traits of the other character. May also be used for an comparison drawn to portray a difference between two things.48
2856923937Foreshadowinga literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story49
2856925403Free Versepoetry that is free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm and does not rhyme with fixed forms50
2856928127Hyperbolea figure of speech which involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis (Example: "your suitcase weighs a ton!")51
2856930461Imageryimagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses (Example: "It was dark and dim in the forest")52
2856934786InversionAKA: anastrophe a literary technique in which the normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect of emphasis or meter (Example: "shouts the policeman")53
2856960779Ironya figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. It may also be a situation that may end up in quite a different way than what is generally anticipated. (Example: difference between appearance and reality)54
2856982206Verbal Ironyinvolves what one does not mean (Example: when you respond to a foolish idea... "wow what a great idea")55
2856985306Situational Ironyirony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected56
2856998640Dramatic Ironyirony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the character in the play (Example: In "Romeo and Juliet" we know before the characters that they are going to die)57
2857009732Juxtapositiona literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters, and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts58
2857016735Lyric Poeman emotional, rhyming poem of song-like quality59
2857019434Metaphora figure of speech which makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things or objects that are poles apart from each other but have some characteristics between them60
2857022720Implied Metaphora type of metaphor that compares two unlike things, but it does so without mentioning one of them (Example: "Angrily Sonia barked commands at her child" - it compared Sonia to a dog without saying anything about a dog)61
2857027367Extended Metaphora comparison between two unlike objects/things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph or lines in a poem62
2857031206Dead Metaphora figure of speech which as lost its original imagery of its meaning due to extensive, repetitive, and popular usage (Example: "body of an essay" --we don't think of a physical body when we hear this)63
2857036925Mixed Metaphora combination of two or more incompatible metaphors, which produces a ridiculous effect (Example: "hanging by a live wire")64
2857039706Mooda literary element that evokes certain feelings or vibes in reader through words and descriptions. Usually, mood is referred to as the "atmosphere" of the piece.65
2857051251Motifan object or idea that repeats itself throughout a literary work66
2857052226Motivationreason why character do what they do. Can be due to an internal or physical reward.67
2857054043Onomatopoeiaa word that imitates the natural sounds of a thing (Example: "moo" "boom" "the murmur.." "the moan..")68
2857057566Oxymorona figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect. The common oxymoron phrase is a combination of an adjective proceeded by a noun with contrasting meanings. (Example: "cruel kindness" "jumbo shrimp" "in order to lead, you must walk behind")69
2857065728Parablea short story typically with a moral lesson at the end (Example: the boy who cried wolf)70
2857069413Paradoxa term that means contrary to expectations, existing belief, or perceived opinion. It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may include a latent truth. (Example: "what a pity that youth must be wasted on the young")71
2857073805Parallel Structurerepetition of the same pattern of words or phrases within a sentence or passage to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance (Example: Joe likes singing, walking, and diving)72
2857085055Parodyan imitation of a particular writer, artist or a genre, exaggerating it deliberately to produce a comic effect73
2857096417Personificationa figure of speech in which a thing, an idea, or an animal is given human attributes (Example: the flowers danced in the breeze)74
2857102490Plota literary term used to describe the events that make up a story or the main part of a story. It is known as the foundation of a novel or story.75
2857110887Expositiona literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters, etc. (Example: the "three little bears" starts with a brief overview of the story. This is an exposition.)76
2857116458Rising Actiona series of relevant incidents that creates suspense, interest, and tension in literature77
2857118861Climaxa particular point in a narrative at which the conflict or tension hits the highest point78
2857120418Resolutionthe part of the story's plot line in which the problem of the story is resolved or worked out. This occurs after the falling action and is typically where the story ends.79
2857123692POVthe angle of considering things, which shows us the opinion, or feelings of the individuals involved in a situation. POV is the mode of narration that an author employs to let the readers "hear" and "see" what takes place in a story, poem, essay, etc.80
2857131141First PersonPOV that involves the use of either of the two pronouns "I" and "we"81
2857135193Third PersonPOV that uses pronouns like "he", "she", "it", "they" or a name82
2857137282Omniscienta literary technique of writing narrative in third person in which a narrator knows the feelings and thoughts of every character in the story. An author brings an entire world of his characters to life and moves from character to character, allowing different voices to interpret events.83
2857144860Protagonistthe central character or leading figure in poetry, narrative, novel, or any other story. A protagonist is sometimes called a "hero".84
2857150914Quatraina verse with four lines, or even a full poem containing four lines, having an independent and separate theme. Often one line consists of alternating rhyme.85
2857417200Refraina verse, a line, a set, or a group of some lines that appears at the end of a stanza, or appears where a poem divides into different sections86
2857418971Rhythma literary device which demonstrates the long and short patterns through stressed and unstressed syllables particularly in verse form87
2857437051Rhetorica technique of using language effectively and persuasively in spoken or written form (Example: "Why don't you just leave me alone?" --you're not looking for a reason, you just want them to stop irritating you)88
2857447039Rhetorical Questionasked just for effect or to lay emphasis on some point discussed when no real answer is expected (Example: "Are you stupid?")89
2857453024Romancea novel or other prose narrative depicting heroic or marvelous deeds, usually in a historic or imaginary setting90
2857457816Satirea technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness and corruption of an individual or a society bu using humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule91
2857460579Similea figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. A simile uses the words "like" or "as".92
2857462847Soliloquya literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character93
2857464857Stereotypea character who possesses one or two easily recognized and identified traits which enable to observer to accurately predict behavior and personality (Example: dumb blonde)94
2857473421Stream of Consciousnessa method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters95
2857503897Stylethe way a writer writes and it is the technique which an individual author uses in his writing (Example: different word choice or tone)96
2857506120Suspensea genre of literature. Intense feeling that the audience goes through while waiting for the outcome of certain events. It leaves the reader wanting more information.97
2857510550Symbola literary device that contains several layers of meaning, often concealed at first sight, and is representative of several other aspects, concepts, or traits than those that are visible in the literal transition alone98
2857519659Themea main idea or an underlying meaning of a literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly99
2857521105Tragedya kind of drama that presents a serious subject matter about human suffering and corresponding terrible events in a dignified manner100
2857548531Understatementa figure of speech employed by writers to intentionally make a situation seem less important than it really is (Example: "It is a bit cold today" -when it's -15 degrees Fahrenheit outside)101
2857554837Vernaculara literary genre that uses daily used language in writing and speaking. It is different from written works, as they normally follow the formal variety of language. ...SPECIFIC REGION102
2862728339Antiheroa central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes103
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature 11 Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
4823360377AdroitSkillful, Clever0
4823360378AdulterateTo make impure, to contaminate1
4823360379AdventitiousAccidental; nonessential2
4823360380AegisA shield; Protection; Sponsorship3
4823360381AestheticPertaining to Beauty4
4823360382AffectationA phony attitude; Pose5
4823360383AffinityAn attraction to6
4823360384AffluenceWealth; Richness7
4823360385AgapeOpen-Mouthed; Surprised; Agog8
4823360386AggrandizeTo enlarge; To expand9
4823360387AltruismA concern for others; Generosity10
4823360388AmbiguousOpen to more than one interpretation11
4823360389AmoralLacking sense of right and wrong12
4823360390AmorphousShapeless, Formless; Vague13
4823360391AnimosityHatred14
4887669052AntipathyAn intense dislike15
4887669053AntithesisAn exact opposite; an opposite extreme16
4887669054Badinage1. Playful, teasing talk 2. To banter, to tease with playful talk17
4887669055BanalCommon, ordinary18
4887669056BaroqueOverly Decorated19
4887669057BaubleA showy but useless thing20
4887669058BedlamA noisy uproar; a scene of wild confusion21
4887669059BeguileTo deceive; to charm; to enchant22
4887669060BesiegeTo overwhelm; to surround and attack23
4887669061BesmirchTo make dirty; Stain24
4887706506BestialSavage, brutal25
4887706507BiliousBad tempered; cross26
4887706508BlanchTo whiten, to make pale27
4887706509BlandMild, Tasteless, Dull28
4887706510BlandishmentFlattery29
4927519177BombastImpressive but meaningless language30
4927519178Bona-fideIn good faith31
4927519179BoorA rude or impolite person32
4927519180BovinePertaining to cows or cattle33
4927519181BowdlerizeTo remove offensive passages of a play, novel, etc.34
4927519182BrevityBriefness; Short duration35
4927519183BucolicPertaining to the countryside; rural, rustic36
4927519184CajoleTo coax, to persuade, to wheedle37
4927519185CallowYoung and inexperienced38
4927519186CarcinogenCausing Cancer39
4927519187CarnalSensual, Sexual40
4927519188CarrionDecaying fish41
4927519189CataclysmA violent change42
4927519190CataractLarge waterfall; abnormality to the eye43
4927519191CaveatA warning44
5043894573CelibateNoun Unmarried Adj. Abstaining from sex45
5043894574CensureTo criticize sharply46
5043894575CessationA stopping; a discontinuance47
5043894576ChaffWorthless Manner48
5043894577ChagrinEmbarrassment; A complete loss of courage49
5043894578ChimercialImaginary; Fantastic50
5043894579CoalesceTo blend, to merge51
5043894580DebacleA complete failure; a total collapse52
5043894581DebaucheryCorruption; Self-Indulgence53
5043894582DeferenceRespect; Consideration54
5043894583DefileTo pollute, to corrupt55
5043894584DeignTo lower oneself before an inferior56
5043894585DelineateTo describe, to depict57
5043894586DemeanorBehavior; Manner of conducting oneself58
5043894587DenouncementAn outcome, result59
5179497342DerideTo ridicule, to mock60
5179497343DesiccatedDried up61
5179497344DespicableContemptible, Hateful62
5179497345DesultoryWandering from subject to subject63
5179497346DeviateTo turn aside64
5179497347DiademA crown65
5179497348DiaphanousVery sheer and light66
5179497349DichotomyA division into two parts67
5179497350EbullientEnthusiastic68
5179497351EclecticChoosing from various sources69
5179497352EdifyImprove someone morally70
5179497353EffeteWorn out; Barren71
5179497354EgregiousRemarkably bad; Outrageous72
5179497355ElegyA sad or mournful poem73
5179497356ElicitTo draw forth; Yo call forth74
5223504093ElixirA supposed remedy for all ailments75
5223504094ElucidateTo make clear76
5223504095EmanateTo come forth; to send forth77
5223504096EmendationA correction78
5223504097EmpathyAn understanding of another's frelings79
5223504098EmpiricalBased on practical experience rather than theory80
5223504099EndemicConfined to a particular country or area81
5223504100EnervateTo weaken82
5223504101EnnuiBoredom; a weariness resulting from a lack of interest83
5223504102EphemeralLasting only a brief time; short- lived84
5223504103EpitomeA typical example; a condensed account85
5223504104ErgoTherefore86
5223504105EroticPertaining to sexual love87
5223504106EschewTo keep away from; to avoid; to shun88
5223504107FacetiousComical; jocular; flippant89
5323374901FactiousCausing Disagreement90
5323374902FastidiousHard to Please; Fussy91
5323374903FatuousFoolish; Inane92
5323374904FecundFertile; Productive93
5323374905FerretNoun: A small animal of the weasel family Verb: to search or drive out94
5323374906FerventEager; Earnest95
5323374907FetishAn object that receives respect or devotion96
5323374908FinesseDiplomacy; Tact; Artful Management97
5323374909FiscalPertaining to Finances98
5323374910FissureAn opening; A groove; A split99
5323374911FlaccidFlabby; Looking vigor or effectiveness100
5323378623FlagellateTo whip; To lash101
5323378624FlauntTo show off102
5323378625FloutTo ridicule; To show contempt for103
5323378626FomentTo stir up; to incite104
5410000581FopAn excessively fashion-conscious man105
5410000582FortuiousLucky, By Chance106
5410000583GambolTo frolic; To romp put playfully107
5410000584GarishTastelessly gaudy108
5410000585GarnerTo gather, To acquire109
5410000586GarrulousTalkitave110
5410000587GermaneRelevant; Fitting111
5410000588GibeTo scoff; To ridicule112
5410000589GloatTo look at or think about with great satisfaction113
5410000590GlowerTo stare angrily114
5410000591GrandioseImpressive, Showy, Magnificent115
5410000592GratuitousUnnecessary or uncalled for116
5410000593GrotesqueAbsurd; Distorted117
5410000594GumptionCourage and initiative; Common sense118
5410000595HackneyedCommonplace; Overused119
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7295472786Homo sapiensThe first humans they emerged in a small region of Africa about 200,000 years ago and migrated out of Africa about 100,000 years ago. They had bigger brains and greater dexterity than previous hominoid species whom they eventually eclipsed0
7295472787Hunting and GatheringLifestyle in which food is acquired through hunting animals fishing and foraging for wild berries nuts fruits and grains rather than planting crops vines or trees. As late as 1500 as much as 15 percent of the world's population still loved by this method1
7295472788ZigguratBy the end of the third millennium BCE the elevated platform base of a Sumerian temple had transformed into a stepped platform2
7295472789Oracle bonesAnimal bones is pushing diviners. Diviners applied intense heat so the shoulder bones of cattle or two turtle shells, which cause them to crack. The diviners would then interpret the cracks as signs from the ancestors regarding royal plans and actions3
7295472790VedasRhymes, hymns, and explanatory text composed by Aryan priests; the Vedas became the most holy scripture and part of their of religious rituals. They were initially passed down orally, in Sanskrit, Brahmans, Priest of Vedic culture, incorporated the texts into ritual and society. The Vedas are considered the final authority of Hinduism.4
7295472791PastoralismHunting and breeding of sheep and goats or other animals as a primary means of subsistence5
7295472792River basinsArea drained by a river, including all its tributaries. River basins were rich and fertile soil, water for irrigation, and plant and animal life, which made them attractive for human habitation. Cultivators were able to produce surplus agriculture to support the first cities.6
7295472793City-StatePolitical organization based on authority of a single, large city that controls outlying territories7
7295472794Hammurabi's CodeLegal code created by Hammurapi, The most famous of the Mesopotamian rulers, who reigns from 1792 to 1750 B.C.E. Hammurapi sought to create social order by centralizing state authority and creating a grandes legal structure that embodied paternal justice. The code was quite stratified, dividing society into three classes freeman dependent man and slaves eachwith distinctive rights and responsibilities8
7295472795CuneiformWedge-shaped form of writing. As people combined Rebus symbols with other visual marks that contained meaning, they became able to record and transmit messages over long distances by using abstract symbols or signs to denote concepts; search signs later came to represent syllables, which could be joined into words. By impressing these signs into wet clay with a cut end of a reed, scribes engaged in cuneiform9
7295472796Territorial statePolitical form that emerged in the riverine cities of Mesopotamia, which was overwhelmed by the displacement of nomadic peoples. These states were kingdoms organized around charismatic rulers who headed large households; each had a defined physical border10
7295472797Ma'atTerm used in ancient Egypt to refer to stability or order, the achievement of which was the primary task of Egypt's ruling kings, the pharaoh11
7295472798Mohenjo DaroA city of the ancient Harappan civilization, located in the Indus Valley that profited by the fertile lands12
7295472799Paleolithic AgeThe old Stone Age13
7295472800Neolithic AgeThe beginning of the use of farming and domesticating plants and animals and the development of tools, pottery, and weaving. (The NEW Stone Age)14
7295546354MetallurgyThe branch of science and technology concerned with the properties of metals and their production and purification.15
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7055946211Absolutismthe acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters.0
7055946708Agrarianrelating to cultivated land or the cultivation of land.1
7055947140Agriculturethe science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.2
7055947737Aristocracythe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.3
7055947738Biasprejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.4
7055948363Buddhisma religion, originated in India by Buddha (Gautama) and later spreading to China, Burma, Japan, Tibet, and parts of southeast Asia, holding that life is full of suffering caused by desire and that the way to end this suffering is through enlightenment that enables one to halt the endless sequence of births and deaths to which one is otherwise subject.5
7055948931Bureaucracya system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.6
7055949957Capitalisman economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.7
7055950765Centralizedconcentrate (control of an activity or organization) under a single authority.8
7055950766Chattel(in general use) a personal possession.9
7055952690Chiefdomthe rank or office of a chief.10
7055954790Christianitythe religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. Christian quality or character.11
7055955072City-Statea city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.12
7055955829Civilizationthe stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.13
7055955830Clergythe body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian Church.14
7055956304Colonialismthe policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.15
7055956319Colonya country or area under the full or partial political control of another country, typically a distant one, and occupied by settlers from that country.16
7055956733Communisma political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.17
7055956734Confucianisma system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius and developed by Mencius.18
7055958889Culturethe arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively.19
7055959701Daoism (Taoism)a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu ( fl. 6th century BC), advocating humility and religious piety.20
7055960096Demographythe study of statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations.21
7055960097Diasporathe dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel.22
7055960567Dynastya line of hereditary rulers of a country.23
7055961172Economicrelating to economics or the economy.24
7055962089Edictan official order or proclamation issued by a person in authority.25
7055962973Egalitarianrelating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.26
7055962974Empirean extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.27
7055963434Epidemica widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time28
7055963435Ethnocentrismevaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.29
7055964495Feudalismthe dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection.30
7055964788Foragea wide search over an area in order to obtain something, especially food or provisions.31
7055964789Genocidethe deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation.32
7055965207Globalizationthe process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.33
7055965270Hierarchya system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.34
7055965856Hinduisma major religious and cultural tradition of South Asia, developed from Vedic religion.35
7055966224Ideologya system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.36
7055966824Imperialisma policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.37
7055968773Indentured Servanta person who came to America and was placed under contract to work for another over a period of time, usually seven years, especially during the 17th to 19th centuries. Generally, indentured servants included redemptioners, victims of religious or political persecution, persons kidnapped for the purpose, convicts, and paupers.38
7055968774Industrialrelating to or characterized by industry.39
7055986293Inflationa general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.40
7055987238Judaismthe monotheistic religion of the Jews.41
7055987239Manufacturethe making of articles on a large scale using machinery.42
7055988889Maritimeconnected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity.43
7055989183Matriarchya system of society or government ruled by a woman or women.44
7055989513Merchanta person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying merchandise to a particular trade.45
7055998337Monarchya form of government with a monarch at the head.46
7055998338Monotheismthe doctrine or belief that there is only one God.47
7055998768Nationa large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory.48
7055999253Neolithicrelating to or denoting the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and implements prevailed.49
7056002450Nobilitythe group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title. OR the quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank.50
7056006689Nomad(-ic)a member of a people or tribe that has no permanent abode but moves about from place to place, usually seasonally and often following a traditional route or circuit according to the state of the pasturage or food supply.51
7056007327Pagana person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions.52
7056007640Pandemicof a disease) prevalent over a whole country or the world.53
7056007641Papacythe office or authority of the Pope.54
7056008082Pastoral(especially of land or a farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle. OR (in the Christian Church) concerning or appropriate to the giving of spiritual guidance.55
7056008644Patriarchya system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family and descent is traced through the male line.56
7056009062Periodizationthe process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history.57
7056009658Polytheismthe belief in or worship of more than one god.58
7056009754Prehistoricrelating to or denoting the period before written records.59
7079837607Primary Sourcean artifact, a document, diary, manuscript, autobiography, a recording, or any other source of information that was created at the time under study.60
7079837994Protestanta member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church and follow the principles of the Reformation, including the Baptist, Presbyterian, and Lutheran churches.61
7079837995Reformmake changes in (something, typically a social, political, or economic institution or practice) in order to improve it.62
7079838492Regimea government, especially an authoritarian one.63
7079838991Revolutiona forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.64
7079839640Ruralin, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town.65
7079839641Scribea person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was invented.66
7079839844Secondary Sourceone that was created later by someone who did not experience first-hand or participate in the events or conditions you're researching. For the purposes of a historical research project, secondary sources are generally scholarly books and articles.67
7079841278Seculardenoting attitudes, activities, or other things that have no religious or spiritual basis.68
7079841279Serfan agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.69
7079841280Shamana person regarded as having access to, and influence in, the world of good and evil spirits, especially among some peoples of northern Asia and North America. Typically such people enter a trance state during a ritual, and practice divination and healing.70
7079842162Slavea person who is the legal property of another and is forced to obey them.71
7079842163Statea nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.72
7079842564Subjugatebring under domination or control, especially by conquest.73
7079843145Syncretica union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies74
7079844164Textilea type of cloth or woven fabric.75
7079844649Theocracya system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god.76
7079844650Urbanin, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town.77
7079844972Venerationgreat respect; reverence.78
7079845042Xenophobichaving or showing a dislike of or prejudice against people from other countries.79
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
7107028794Francois QuesnayPhysiocrat, Tableau Economique0
7107028795Adam SmithAma ng Klasikong Ekonomiks An Inquiry Into the Nature and Cause of Wealth of Nation1
7107028796Laissez Faire o let alone policy-"invisible hands"2
7107028797David RicardoNagpanukala ng Law of Diminishing Returns3
7107028798Thomas Robert MalthusNagsulat ng An Essay on the Principles of Population4
7107028799Malthusian Theorymas mabilis dumami ang populasyon kaysa sa produksiyon5
7107028800Karl MarxDas Kapital, Ama ng Komunismo6
7107028801John Maynard KeynesMakabagong Ama ng Makroekonomiks General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money7
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Rome Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5061371021Romulus and RemusTwins who according to legend founded the city of Rome in 753 BC. According to legend, they were twin sons of the god Mars and a Latin princess. They were abandoned on the Tiber River as infants and raised by a she-wolf. The twins then decided to build a city near the spot.0
5061371022Palatine HillOne of the seven hills of Rome, south of the forum; the site of the imperial palace1
5061371023Tiber riverA major river in Italy; Rome is built on its banks2
5061371024Peninsulabody of land jutting into a lake or ocean, surrounded on three sides by water3
5061371025EtruscansCulture that ruled Rome prior to the republic; ruled through powerful kings and well organized armies; Romans won independence ca. 509 B.C.E. Laid the foundation for Rome and Roman civilization4
5061371026Tarquin the ProudAccording to legend, the seventh and last Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC)5
5061371027Roman RepublicThe ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC. was governed by an elected Senate but dissatisfaction with the Senate led to civil wars that culminated in a brief dictatorship by Julius Caesar.6
5061371028res republicaa Latin phrase meaning "public issue," or "public affairs." It is the root word for republic and commonwealth.7
5061371029ConsulIn the Roman republic, one of the two powerful officials elected each year to command the army and direct the government8
5061371030SenateIn ancient Rome, the supreme governing body, originally made up only of aristocrats; 300 members who served for life.9
5061371031Assembly of Tribesthe Roman legislative branch, body of plebeians who elected the tribunes,10
5061371032Assembly of CenturiesThe military assembly. They elected the consuls of Rome. Made up of Patricians and Plebeians.11
5061371033PraetorsElected to help consuls, commanded armies in times of war and oversaw legal system in times of peace12
5061371034MagistratesAn elected official in Rome13
5061371035CensorsRoman officials who registered citizens according to their wealth, appointed candidates to the Senate, and oversaw the moral conduct of all citizens14
5061371036Patriciansmembers of the landholding upper class15
5061371037PlebiansMembers of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders16
5061371038TribunesAn officer of ancient Rome elected by the plebeians to protect their rights from arbitrary acts of the patrician magistrates.17
5061371039VetoA vote that blocks a decision, vote against;, the power or right to prohibit or reject a proposed or intended act18
5061371040ForumPublic square of an ancient Roman city; public place for open discussion; court of law19
5061371041PontiffA high or chief priest; the pope; the bishop of rome20
5061371042Pontifex MaximusTitle meaning "high priest" of the Roman pagan religion that was taken by Emperor Augustus.21
5061371043CincinnatusA model dictator for the Romans. He organized an army, led the Romans to victory, attended victory celebrations, and returned to his farmland all within 16 days.22
5061371044Twelve Tables of Roman LawThe earliest written collection of Roman laws, drawn up by patricians about 450B.C., that became the foundation of Roman law23
5061371045EdictAn order issued by someone in authority24
5061371046Jus civileLaw for citizens of Rome25
5061371047Jus GentiumLaw of the nations. Set of laws applied to territories conquered by Rome26
5061371048Corpus Juris CivilisNew code of the Roman Law decided by Justinian I in 529 CE that made Orthodox Christianity the law of the land. It means the "body of civil law"; it is composed of the Code, the Digest, and the Institutes.27
5061371049GaulThe area that is now France. Caesar conquered to bring the area under Roman control.28
5061371050LegionA military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 foot soldiers and a group of soldiers on horseback.29
5061371051InfantryAn army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot30
5061371052CavalryUnits of troops on horseback31
5061371053Centuryroughly 100 men in the Roman army32
5061371054CenturionRoman army officer (commanding a company of about 100 soldiers)33
5061371055First Punic War264 BC to 241 BC. Cause- carthage feared Rome would take over Sicily, Rome feared Carthage would control Mediterranean and block expansion (strait of Messina). Result- Rome wins, Carthage pays indemnity, Carthage is forced to give up sicily34
5061371056Second Punic War218 B.C. - 202 B.C., Hannibal decides to attack Rome, Sneaks through Gaul with 60,000 troops and 60 Elephants, Wreaks havoc in Rome for 15 years, Roman general named Scipio attacked Carthage making Hannibal come back to Carthage. Carthage defeated35
5061371057HannibalCarthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossing the Alps with a large group of soldiers, horses, and elephants.36
5061371058Battle of ZamaThe battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War37
5061371059Third Punic War149- 146 B.C. Cause- Roman veterans sought revenge from destruction of second war (farms, animals, and walls were destoyed). Result- Rome wins, Carthage totally destroyed, sold population to slavery, salted fields, burned city38
5061371060ScipioRoman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)39
5061371061Tiberius GracchusGrandson of General Scipio, Elected tribune in 133BC, Proposed law to take land back from Senators and give it to the landless, Very popular with the masses, Opponents organized a riot where he was killed40
5061371062Gaius GracchusProposed using public funds to buy and sell grain to the poor at reduced prices (welfare program); Killed in 121 BC in a riot planned by his enemies. ; The Senate justified killings by claiming the Republic was in danger; Violence becomes "Law of the Land"41
5061371063Sulla88 - 82 BC; A Roman general and a conservative politician, holding the office of consul twice as well as the dictatorship. A gifted and effective general, he marched his armies on Rome twice, enjoying the absolute power of a dictator. As dictator, he enacted a series of reforms to the Roman constitution that sought to strengthen the aristocracy. His dictatorship, however, marked the beginning of the end of the Constitution of the Roman Republic, and to the Roman Republic itself.42
5061371064Spartacus70 BC; slave, trained as a gladiator, who led a rebellion against the roman army for slave freedom- he was killed after two years43
5061371065FugitiviRunaway slaves44
5061371066paterfamiliasThe head of the family or household in Roman law -always male- and the only member to have full legal rights. This person had absolute power over his family, which extended to life and death.45
5061371067manumissionThe formal act of freeing from slavery46
5061371068PompeyPart of first Triumvirate; Roman general and statesman who quarreled with Caesar and and was forced to flee with his army to Egypt (after the battle of Pharsalus) where he was murdered (106-48 BC)47
5061371069CrassusGeneral who defeated Spartacus. Crucified 6,600 slaves on the Alpennine way. Richest man in Rome who shared command with Caesar and Pompey until he was killed in battle in 53 B.C.48
5061371070TriumvirateIn ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government.49
5061371071Julius CaesarRoman general and dictator, Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power50
5061371072First Triumviratealliance of Julius, Crassus, Pompey to rule Rome51
5061371073RubiconA river in northern Italy that Julius Caesar crossed with his army, in violation of the orders of the leaders in Rome, who feared his power. A civil war followed, in which Caesar emerged ruler of Rome.52
5061371074ImperatorCommander in chief; the Latin origin of the word emperor53
5061371075Julian calendarIntroduced in Rome in 46 b.c. establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February54
5061371076LatifundiaHuge estates owned by wealthy families55
5061371077The Second TriumvirateThreefold rule made up of Mark Antony, Lepidus and Octavian56
5061371078Octavian, Anthony, LepidusSecond Triumvirate57
5061371079Crassus, Pompey, CaesarFirst triumvirate58
5061371080CleopatraLast pharaoh of Egypt; had relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony; Octavian's enemy59
5061371081Battle of ActiumNaval battle between Marcus Antony and Octavian for control of the empire. Octavian won in 31 B.C.60
5061371082Octavian Augustus63BC-14AD. Charismatic & good leader, Julius Caesar's grandnephew. By defeating Mark Antony, he gained rule of all Roman lands. He was Rome's first true emperor. Patron of the arts, enlarged empire, restored order, starts Pax Romana.61
5061371083Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.62
5061371084PrincepsLatin for "first citizen." Augustus and other Roman emperors gave themselves this title to distinguish themselves from Hellenistic monarchs63
5061371085VirgilGreatest poet of the Golden Age, called the "Homer of Rome" because the Iliad and the Odyssey served as models for his epic, the Aeneid; focus on Patriotism; it took 10 years to write64
5061371086HoraceRoman poet who wrote of human emotions in odes, satires, and epistles65
5061371087OvidPoet exiled by Augustus for sensual poetry considered out of touch with imperial policies stressing family virtues.66
5061371088LivyRoman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)67
5061371089TacitusA Roman historian who presented the facts accurately. He wrote about the good and the bad of imperial Rome in his Annals and Histories.68
5061371090Mosaicart consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass69
5061371091TiberiusSon-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career, Adopted son of Augustus; Continues many of Octavian's policies; Married Octavian's daughter; Suspicious of aristocrats in the Senate; Many people were executed on rumors70
5061371092JesusA teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God and the Christ.71
5061371093CaligulaRoman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity, Only ruled for four years, mentally unstable. He had an affair with his sister and named them both as Gods. He also named his horse a consul.72
5061371094ClaudiusBecame emperor after Tiberius' death, Intelligent scholarly, conquered Britain, built two major aqueducts. Married Agrippina, and adopted her son Nero. He was poisoned so Nero could be emperor.73
5061371095NeroRoman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68), persecuted Christians, had his mother killed and confiscated property to build his palace the Domus Aurea74
5061371096VespasianEmperor of Rome and founder of the Flavian dynasty who consolidated Roman rule in Germany and Britain and reformed the army and brought prosperity to the empire; began construction of the colosseum75
5061371097Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius79 CE Herculaneum and Pompeii buried; volcanic ash preserved both cities76
5061371098TitusSon of Vespasian, ruled from 78-81 CE; Roman general whose army captured and destroyed Jerusalem. He later became emperor77
5061371099Trajan98 - 177 CE Roman emperor; adopted by Nerva; One of the "Good Emperors"; Professional soldier from Spain; 1st non-Italian emperor; Brought Rome to it's height in size, built roads, harbors, baths, aquaducts and a solid infrastructure78
5061371100Hadrian117 - 138 CE, Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall79
5061371101Marcus AureliusEmperor of Rome, Last of the "Good Emperors", Wrote "Meditations" personal reflections of his beliefs, End of the Pax Romana80
5061371102Commodus180 - 192 Ancient Roman Emperor who succeeded his father, Marcus Aurelius, and began the decline of the Roman Empire.81
5061371103DiocletianRoman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Then set up a Tetrarchy. Also brought armies back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement.82
5061371104TetrarchyRule by four; the system of government established by Diocletian(284-305CE) in which the Roman Empire was divided into two parts, each ruled by an "Augustus" assisted by a "Caesar."83
5061371105ConstantineRoman emperor (312-337 CE). After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion.84
5061371106Edict of MilanOrder issued by Constantine which made Christianity an accepted religion in the empire (no longer persecuted); 313 AD85
5061371107Council of NiceaThis was a council of Christian bishops; the first effort to have a council assembling the Christian faith.86
5061371108Theodosius379-395 CE He divides the Roman Empire into two different empires (Roman & Byzantine). He also makes Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.87
5061371109Romulus AugustulusLast emperor of the Western Roman Empire; deposed by the Germanic head of the army, Odoacer, in 47688
5061371110VisigothsGermanic people who migrated to Rome, originally came from Scandinavia and Russia. They adapted Roman cultures and provided troops for the Roman army. They created settlements around Rome, and stormed and sacked it in 410. The western part of the Roman Empire was in shambles by the mid fifth century CE.89
5061371111HunsWarlike people who migrated from Eastern Europe into territory controlled by Germanic tribes, forcing them to move into areas controlled by Rome90
5061371112AlaricKing of the Visigoths who marched his troops across the Alps toward Rome and put the city under siege; stormed Rome in 410 and plundered it for 3 days91
5061371113JustinianThe Byzantine Emperor 527 - 565 CE who developed Justinian's code, built the Hagia Sophia, walls, and the Hippodrome92
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
5330967382Derisoryridiculously small or inadequate0
5330972578Recriminationan accusation in response to one from someone else1
5330977152Inexorablyin a way that is impossible to stop or prevent2
5330981273Interlocutorone who takes part in a conversation or dialogue3
5330983506Futileincapable of producing any result, not successful4
5354496491Impetuouscharacterized by impulsive or rash decisions5
5354499053Positto make a statement on the assumption that it is true6
5354502816Empiricismthe idea that all knowledge is derived by sense experience7
5354507383Ethnographicthe scientific description of customs of individual people and culture8
5354510532Immutabilitynot mutable, changeless9
5354513196Lugubriousmournful or gloomy to an excessive level10
5354515395Alacritycheerfulness and willful readiness brought to a task11
5354518118Moribunda person at the point of death, lacking vitality or vigor12
5354522287Insolencerude and disrespectful behavior13
5354524450Rapaciousexcessively greedy14
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!