| CourseNotes

AP Literature: Literary Terms Flashcards

5355350473	accent	rhythmically significant stress on the syllables of a verse usually at regular intervals	0
5355350474	allegory	a work of art, such as a story or painting, in which the characters, images, and/or events act as symbols; the symbolism in an allegory can be interpreted to have a deeper meaning	1
5355350475	alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter/sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words	2
5355350476	allusion	used to reference another object outside of the work of literature	3
5355350477	annotation	a note of explanation or comment added to a text or diagram	4
5355350478	antagonist	a character, group of characters, or other force that presents an obstacle or is in direct conflict with the protagonist	5
5355350479	apostrophe	when a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party; this third party may be an individual, either present or absent in the scene	6
5355350480	archetype	a reoccurring symbol or motif throughout literature that represents universal patterns of human nature	7
5355350481	aside	when a character's dialogue is spoken but not heard by the other actors on the stage	8
5355350482	assonance	repetition of a vowel sound or diphthong in non-rhyming words	9
5355350483	bildungsroman	a coming-of-age story, which focuses on a narrative of a young adult growing morally and psychologically into an adult	10
5355350484	blank verse	a type of poetry written in a regular meter that does not contain rhyme; most commonly written in iambic pentameter	11
5355350485	caesura	a complete stop in a line of poetry; formed by the rhythms of natural speech	12
5355350486	carpe diem	common moral/theme in classical literature that the reader should make the most out of life and should enjoy it before it ends	13
5355350487	catharsis	the release of emotions such as pity, sadness, and fear; involves the change of extreme emotion to lead to internal restoration and renewal	14
5355350488	dynamic character	a literary character who undergoes an important inner change	15
5355350489	static character	a literary character who undergoes little or no inner change	16
5355350490	flat character	a literary character who is relatively uncomplicated and does not change throughout the course of a work	17
5355350491	round character	a literary character who is complex and undergoes development, sometimes sufficiently to surprise the reader	18
5355350492	chorus	group of people that sang, danced, and made comments about the action on stage; gave you key information about events happening off stage	19
5355350493	cliche	an expression that has been overused to the extent that it loses its original meaning or novelty	20
5355350494	colloquial	use of informal words, phrases, or slang in a piece of writing	21
5355350495	conflict	a literary element that involves a struggle between two opposing forces	22
5355350496	connotation	the emotional or cultural association with that word rather than its dictionary definition; not the explicit meaning of the word, but rather the meaning that the word implies	23
5355350497	consonance	a literary device in which a consonant sound is repeated in words that are in close proximity	24
5355350498	convention	defining features of particular literary genres; features or practices of certain genres that readers or audiences understand, recognize and accept as techniques to facilitate the plot	25
5355350499	couplet	a successive pair of lines in a poem; generally rhyme with each other and contain the same meter	26
5355350500	crisis	literary work moment of greatest intensity - thereafter resolved	27
5355350501	denotation	the actual definition of the word rather than the nuances of its meaning or the feelings it implies	28
5355350502	dialect	the variety of a language that a group of people speak, separated either by geography, class, or ethnicity; most often applied to the different speech patterns of people from different regions	29
5355350503	diction	the choice of words and style of expression that an author makes and uses in a work of literature	30
5355350504	dramatic monologue	type of poem in which speaker is directly addressing and talking to some other person	31
5355350505	elegy	a mournful poem, usually written in remembrance of a lost one for a funeral or as a lament; tells the traffic story of an individual, or an individual's loss, rather than the collective story of a people	32
5355350506	end-stopped line	a poetic device in which a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit	33
5355350507	enjambment	a term used in poetry to refer to lines that end without punctuation and without completing a sentence or clause	34
5355350508	epic	long narrative poem in which heroes of great historical or legendary importance perform valorous deeds	35
5355350509	epigram	a metaphorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting, and surprising satirical statement	36
5355350510	epiphany	moment in story where character achieves realization or awareness of something important	37
5355350511	fixed form	verse follows a fixed way of being written	38
5355350512	flashback	interruptions that writers do to insert past events	39
5355350513	foil	a character who contrasts with another to highlight particular qualities of another character	40
5355350514	foot	combination of stressed and unstressed syllables	41
5355350515	foreshadowing	a literary device in which the author gives clues about events that will happen later in the story	42
5355350516	form	an arrangement of the elements in a composition	43
5355350517	free verse	free from limitations of regular meter or rhythm in poetry	44
5355350518	genre	category of literary composition	45
5355350519	hamartia	the fatal flaw in a protagonist or hero that leads to this character's downfall	46
5355350520	hubris	an extreme expression of pride or self-confidence in a character	47
5355350521	hyperbole	the use of obvious and deliberate exaggeration	48
5355350522	iambic pentameter	a line of verse with five metrical feet, each consisting of one short (or unstressed) syllable followed by one long (or stressed) syllable	49
5355350523	imagery	description that appeals to the five senses	50
5355350524	dramatic irony	irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood only by the audience	51
5355350525	tragic irony	the use of dramatic irony in a tragedy, so that the audience is aware that a character's words or actions will bring about a tragic or fatal result, while the character himself is not	52
5355350526	sarcasm	meant to mock with satirical remarks	53
5355350527	juxtaposition	two or more things placed together to compare/contrast	54
5355350528	line	unit of language in which a poem/play is divided	55
5355350529	controlling metaphor	dominates an entire literary piece; a symbolic story, where the whole poem may be a metaphor for something else; motif	56
5355350530	extended metaphor	introduced and further developed throughout all or part of a work	57
5355350531	implied metaphor	compares two unlike things without mentioning them	58
5355350532	metonymy	replaces name of a thing with name of something closely associated with it	59
5355350533	synecdoche	a metaphor that uses a part of an object to represent the whole thing	60
5355350534	metaphysical conceit	sets up an analogy between two entities that would not usually invite comparison, often drawing connections between the physical and the spiritual	61
5355350535	meter	unit of rhyme in poetry	62
5355350536	mood	evokes certain feelings or vibes in reader through words; atmosphere	63
5355350537	motif	any recurring element that has symbolic significance in the story	64
5355350538	narrative frame	a plot device in which the author places the main narrative of his or her work within another narrative	65
5355350539	narrative poem	form of poetry that tells a story	66
5355350540	first-person narrator	point of view where story is narrated by one character	67
5355350541	omniscient narrator	narrator knows thoughts and feelings of every character	68
5355350542	unreliable narrator	credibility has been compromised	69
5355350543	octave	verse consisting of 8 lines of iambic pentameter	70
5355350544	onomatopoeia	word that imitates sounds	71
5355350545	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which two seemingly opposing and contradictory elements are juxtaposed; often reveal a paradox	72
5355350546	paradox	contrary to expectations, beliefs, opinions - but may include a latent truth	73
5355350547	parallel structure	repetition of same patterns of words/phrases within a sentence or passage	74
5355350548	anaphora	deliberate repetition of first part of sentence for artistic effect	75
5355350549	personification	figure of speech in which a thing, an idea, or animal is given human attributes	76
5355350550	Freytag's Triangle	plot structure of a literary work - exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution	77
5355350551	exposition	sets scene	78
5355350552	rising action	story builds	79
5355350553	climax	moment of greatest tension in a story	80
5355350554	falling action	events happen as a result of climax - story coming to a close	81
5355350555	resolution	solves conflict	82
5355350556	denouement	occurs just after the climax and is the final moment in which there is resolution for any remaining conflicts in the plot; all the loose ends of the plot are tied up in this last scene, secrets are revealed, and there may be a sense of catharsis for the reader or audience member at this point	83
5355350557	point of view	position from which something is observed	84
5355350558	objective point of view	no emotions; just facts	85
5355350559	prose poem	poetry written in prose instead of verse but with poetic qualities	86
5355350560	protagonist	main character	87
5355350561	quatrain	stanza of four lines - alternate rhymes	88
5355350562	reversal	observable change in direction	89
5355350563	romanticism	style of literature in 18th and 19th centuries that emphasized imagination and emotions	90
5355350564	eye rhyme	similarity in spelling	91
5355350565	end rhyme	end with words that sound the same	92
5355350566	internal rhyme	rhyme involving a word in a middle of a line, at end, in middle	93
5355350567	near rhyme	rhyming in which words sound the same but not perfectly	94
5355350568	rhyme scheme	ordered pattern of rhymes at the ends of the lines	95
5355350569	rhythm	pattern of stressed and unstressed beats	96
5355350570	satire	use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to criticize people	97
5355350571	sestet	last six lines of a sonnet	98
5355350572	setting	time and place	99
5355350573	simile	comparison using "as" or "like"	100
5355350574	soliloquy	used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character; act of speaking one's thoughts	101
5355350575	Petrarchan Sonnet	octave with rhyme scheme "abbaabba" and of a sestet with one of several rhyme schemes	102
5355350576	Shakespearean Sonnet	three quatrains and a terminal couplet in iambic pentameter with "abab cdcd efef gg"	103
5355350577	speaker	voice behind poem	104
5355350578	stanza	division of four or more lines a fixed length, meter, rhyming scheme	105
5355350579	stream of consciousness	method of narration that describes in words the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters	106
5355350580	stress	emphasis on certain syllables	107
5355350581	subplot	plot subordinate to main plot of literary work	108
5355350582	symbol	signifies ideas/qualities by giving them meanings	109
5355350583	syntax	how words form a sentence; style of writing structure	110
5355350584	theme	concept and moral of story	111
5355350585	thesis	summarizes main point/claim of essay and is developed throughout work	112
5355350586	tone	attitude of author toward subject/audience	113
5355350587	tragedy	presents a serious subject about human suffering and corresponding terrible events	114
5355350588	tragic flaw	trait in character leading to his/her downfall	115
5355350589	verse	single line of poetry	116

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6696242722	foreshadowing	to hint at or to present an indication of the future beforehand	0
6696242723	enjambment	the continuation of a sentence from one line of a poem to the next	1
6696242724	pastoral	a work that describes the simple life of country folk who live in a timeless, painless life in a world full of beauty, music and love; bucolic, idyll	2
6696242725	ode	a lyric poem that is somewhat serious in subject and treatment, elevated in style and sometimes uses elaborate stanza structure, which is often patterned in sets of three	3
6696242726	antithesis	the juxtaposition of sharply contrasting ideas in balanced or parallel words, phrases, grammatical structure, or ideas	4
6696242727	apostrophe	an address or invocation to something that is inanimate	5
6696242728	denotation	a direct and specific meaning, often reffered to as the dictionary definition of a word	6
6696242729	blank verse	the verse form consisting of unrhymed lines in iambic pentameter	7
6696242730	caesura	pause in a line of verse, indicated by natural speech patterns rather than due to specific metrical patterns	8
6696242731	antagonist	any force that is in opposition to the main character	9
6696242732	colloquial	ordinary language, the vernacular	10
6696242733	theme	a generalized, abstract paraphrase of the dominant idea or concern of a work	11
6696242734	couplet	two rhyming lines of iambic pentameter that together present a single idea or connection	12
6696242735	dialect	the language and speech idiosyncrasies of a specific area, region, or group of people	13
6696242736	synechdoche	when a part is used to signify a whole, as in "All hands on deck!" (hands = sailors)	14
6696242737	diction	the specific word choice an author uses to persuade or convey tone, purpose, or effect	15
6696242738	syntax	the way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences	16
6696242739	flashback	retrospection, where an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronology of the narrative	17
6696242740	elegy	a poetic lament upon the death of a particular person, usually ending in consolation	18
6696242741	epic	a poem that celebrates, in a continuou narrative, the achievements of mighty heroes and heroines, often concerned with the founding of a nation or developing of a culture	19
6696242742	allusion	a reference to a literary or historical event, person, or place	20
6696242743	extended metaphor	a detailed and complex metaphor that extends over a long section of a work; also called a conceit	21
6696242744	farce	a play or scene in a play or book that is characterized by broad humor, wild antics, and often slapstick and physical humor	22
6696242745	in-media-res	refers to opening a story in the middle of the action, necessitating filing in past details by exposition or flashback; literally, "in the midst of things"	23
6696242746	formal diction	language that is lofty, dignified, and impersonal	24
6696242747	exposition	that part of the structure of a plot that sets the scene, introduces and identifies characters, and establishes the situation at the beginning of a story or play	25
6696242748	satire	a literary work that holds up human failing to ridicule	26
6696242749	alliteration	the sequential repetition of similar initial sound, usually applied to consonants, usually heard in closely proximate stressed syllables	27
6696242750	style	a distinctive manner of expression expressed through an author's diction, rhythm, imagery, and more	28
6696242751	free verse	poetry that is characterized by varying line lengths, lack of traditional meter, and non-rhyming lines	29
6696242752	genre	a type or class of literature such as epic or narrative or poetry	30
6696242753	hyperbole	overstatement characterized by exaggerated language	31
6696242754	iambic	a metrical foot in poetry that consists of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable	32
6696242755	conceit	a comparison of two unlikely things that is drawn out within a piece of literature; in particular, an extended metaphor within a poem	33
6696242756	motif	a recurrent device, formula, or situation that often serves as a signal for the appearance of a character or event	34
6696242757	dramatic monologue	also, a soliloquy; a monologue set in a specific situation and spoken to an imaginary audience	35
6696242758	imagery	broadly defined, any sensory detail or evocation in a work; more narrowly, the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, to call to mind an idea, or to describe an object	36
6696242759	informal diction	language that is not as lofty or impersonal as formal diction; similar to everyday speech	37
6696242760	irony	a situation or statement characterized by a significant difference between what is expected or understood and what actually happens or is meant	38
6696242761	lyric	any short poem in which the speaker expresses intense personal emotion rather than desciribing a narrative or dramatic situation; a sonnet and ode are two examples	39
6696242762	consonance	the repetition of a sequence of two or more consonants, but with a change in the intervening vowels	40
6696242763	mood	a feeling or ambiance resulting from the tone of a piece as well as the writer/narrator's attitude and point of view	41
6696242764	metaphor	one thing pictured as if it were something else, suggesting a likeness or analogy between them; an implicit comparison of two unlike things	42
6696242765	villanelle	a verse form consisting of nineteen lines divided into six stanzas- five tercets and one quatrain; the first and third line of the first tercet rhyme, and this rhyme is repeated through each of the next four tercets and in the last two lines of the concluding quatrain	43
6696242766	allegory	a prose or poetic narrative in which the characters, behavior, and even the setting demonstrates multiple levels of meaning and significance; often is a universal symbol or personified abstraction	44
6696242767	tone	the attitude a literary work takes toward its subject and theme	45
6696242768	narrative structure	a textual organization based on sequences of connected events, usually presented in a straightforward, chronological framework	46
6696242769	narrator	the character who tells the story	47
6696242770	connotation	what is suggested by a word, apart from what it explictly describes	48
6696242771	omniscient	also called unlimited focus; a perspective that can be seen from multiple characters	49
6696242772	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two apparently contradictory elements, sometimes resulting in a humorous image or statement	50
6696242773	parable	a short fiction that illustrates an explicit moral lesson through the use of analogy	51
6696242774	realism	the practice in literature of attempting to describe nature and life without idealization and with attention to detail	52
6696242775	juxtaposition	the location of one thing as being adjacent with another; this placement of two items side by side creates a certain effect, reveals an attitude, or accomplishes some purpose of the writer	53
6696242776	anecdote	a brief story or tale told by a character in a piece of literature	54
6696242777	structure	the organization or arrangement of the various elements in a work	55
6696242778	parallel structure	the use of similar forms in writing for nouns, verbs, phrases, or thoughts; maintains balance and symmetry	56
6696242779	archetype	recurrent designs, patterns of action, character types, themes, or images which are identifiable in a wide range of literature	57
6696242780	refrain	a repeated stanza or line(s) in a poem or song	58
6696242781	quatrain	a poetic stanza of four lines	59
6696242782	rhyme	the repetition of the same or similar sounds, most often at the ends of lines	60
6696242783	simile	a direct, explicit comparison of two things, usually using like or as to draw the connection	61
6696242784	solioquy	a monologue in which the character in a play is alone and speaking only to himself or herself	62
6696242785	protagonist	the main character in a work who may or may not be heroic	63
6696242786	assonance	repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds, usually those found in stressed syllables of close proximity	64
6696242787	personification	treating an abstraction or nonhuman object as if it were a person by endowing it with human qualitites	65
6696242788	Shakespearean sonnet	a sonnet form divided into three quatrains and one couplet; also called an English sonnet	66
6696242789	onomatopoeia	a work capturing or approximating the sound of what it describes	67
6696242790	speaker	the person, not necessarily the author, who is the voice of the poem	68
6696242791	symbolism	a person, place, thing, event, or pattern in a literary work that designates itself and at the same time figuratively represents something else	69
6696242792	Petrarchan sonnet	a sonnet form divided into an octave and a sestet; also called an Italian sonnet	70
6696242793	setting	the time and place of the action in a story, poem, or play	71
6696242794	tragedy	a drama in which a character, usually of noble or high rank, is brought to a disastrous end in confrontation with a superior force	72
6696242795	sestina	a highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet; the same set of six words ends the lines of each of the six-line stanzas, but in a different order each time	73
6696242796	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but may actually be true	74
6696242797	rhythm	the modulation of weak and strong (stressed and unstressed) elements in the flow of speech	75
6696242798	terza rima	a verse form consisting of three-line stanzas in which the second line of each rhymes with the first and third of the next	76
6696276772	cacophony	harsh discordance of sound; dissonance; a discordant and meaningless mixture of sounds	77
6696293351	heroic couplet	a pair of rhyming iambic pentameters, much used by Chaucer and the poets of the 17th and 18th centuries such as Alexander Pope	78
6696346995	didactic	intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive	79
6696364703	end stopped line	poetic device in which a pause comes at the end of a syntactic unit	80
6696374878	euphony	the use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range or noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create	81
6696391814	internal rhyme	poetic device which can be defined as metrical lines in which its middle words and its end words rhyme with each other (also called middle rhyme)	82
6696403860	metonymy	a type of metaphor in which an object is used to describe something that's closely related to it (ex: when describing a king you might use "the crown" instead)	83
6696414874	sonnet	small or little song or lyric, 14 lines, written in iambic pentameter (each line has 10 syllables)... made of the "octave" and "sestet"	84
6696432487	slant rhyme	a rhyme in which the stressed syllables of ending consonants match, however the preceding vowel sounds do not match	85

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Literature and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

4029024005	abstract	a style in writing that is typically complex, discusses intangible qualities like good and evil, and seldom uses examples to support its points	0
4029024006	academic	an adjective describing style; dry and theoretical writing; piece of writing seems to be sucking all the life out of its subject with analysis	1
4029024007	accent	in poetry, the stressed portion of a word; sometimes set, often a matter of opinion	2
4029024008	aesthetic	adj.: "appealing to the senses"; noun: coherent (logically connected) sense of taste	3
4029024009	aesthetics	the study of beauty; "What is beauty?" "Is the beautiful always good?"	4
4029024010	allegory	a story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself; many fables have this quality; true ones are even more hard and fast; example: Orwell's Animal Farm	5
4029024011	alliteration	the repetition of INITIAL consonant sounds; consonant clusters coming closely cramped and compressed	6
4029024012	allusion	a reference to another work or famous figures; can be classical (refers to Greek and Roman mythology or literature), topical (refers to current event), or popular (refers to something from pop culture--TV show or hit movie)	7
4029024013	anachronism	Greek for "misplaced in time"; something or someone that isn't in its correct historical or chronological time--i.e., Brutus wearing a watch	8
4029024014	analogy	a comparison usually involving two or more symbolic parts; employed to clarify an action or relationship	9
4029024015	anecdote	a short narrative	10
4029024016	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause that determines what a pronoun refers to	11
4029024017	anthropomorphism	when inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena are given human characteristics, behaviour, or motivation--"In the forest, the darkness waited for me, I could hear its patient breathing."	12
4029024018	anticlimax	occurs when an action produces far smaller results than one had been led to expect; frequently comic	13
4029024019	antihero	a protagonist who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest, or any number of other unsavory qualities	14
4029024020	aphorism	a short and usually witty saying; astute observation--"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." (Lord Acton)	15
4029024021	apostrophe	a figure of speech wherein the speaker talks directly to something that is nonhuman, absent, or dead	16
4029024022	archaism	the use of deliberately old-fashioned language, used to create a feeling of antiquity	17
4029024023	aside	a speech (usually just a short comment) made by an actor to the audience, as though momentarily stepping outside of the action on stage	18
4029024024	aspect	a trait or characteristic	19
4029024025	assonance	the repeated use of vowel sounds--"Old king Cole was a merry old soul."	20
4029024026	atmosphere	the emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene	21
4029024027	ballad	a long, narrative poem, usually in regular meter and rhyme; typically has a naive folksy quality that sets it apart from epic poetry	22
4029024028	bathos	when the writing of a scene strains for grandeur it can't support and tries to jerk tears from every little hiccup; intends to be dramatic but goes to the extreme of becoming ridiculous	23
4029024029	pathos	when the writing of a scene evokes feelings of dignified pity and sympathy	24
4029024030	black humor	the use of disturbing themes in comedy; morbid humor used to express the absurdity, insensitivity, paradox, and cruelty of the modern world, ordinary characters or situations exaggerated beyond normal limits of satire or irony	25
4029024031	bombast	pretentious, exaggeratedly learned language; one tries to be eloquent by using the largest, most uncommon words	26
4029024032	burlesque	broad parody, one that takes a style or form, such as tragic drama, and exaggerates it into ridiculousness; achieves its effects through caricature, ridicule, and distortion, devoid of any ethical element; interchangeable with parody	27
4029024033	cacophony	using deliberately harsh, awkward sounds--the sound of midday traffic	28
4029024034	cadence	the beat or rhythm of poetry in a general sense e.g., iambic pentameter; can be gentle and pulsing, conversational, and even vigorous, marching	29
4029024035	canto	the name for a section division in a long work of poetry; divides a long poem into parts the way chapters divide a novel--like in Dante's Inferno	30
4029024036	caricature	a portrait (verbal or otherwise) that exaggerates a facet of personality	31
4029024037	catharsis	drawn from Aristotle's writings on tragedy; refers to the "cleansing" of emotion an audience member experiences, having lived (vicariously) through the experiences presented on stage; purging of emotions through a form of art, in this case, literature	32
4029024038	chorus	the group of citizens who stand outside the main action on stage and comment on it	33
4029024039	classic	typical; an accepted masterpiece	34
4029024040	classical	refers to the arts of ancient Greece and Rome and the qualities of those arts	35
4029024041	coinage (tech. term: neologism)	a new word, usually one invented on the spot	36
4029024042	colloquialism	a word or phrase used in everyday conversational English that isn't a part of accepted "schoolbook" English; slang words, informal English	37
4029024043	complex, dense	two terms carrying the similar meaning of suggesting that there is more than one posibilty in the meaning of words (image, idea, opposition); there are subtleties and variations; there are multiple layers of interpretation; the meaning is both explicit and implicit	38
4029024044	conceit	refers to a startling or unusual metaphor, or to a metaphor developed and expanded upon over several lines	39
4029024045	controlling image	when the image of conceit dominates and shapes the entire work	40
4029024046	connotation	what a word suggests or implies, not its literal meaning--i.e., dark meaning dangerous instead lacking of light	41
4029024047	denotation	the literal meaning of a word	42
4029024048	consonance	the repetition of consonant sounds WITHIN words--"A flock of sick, black-checkered ducks."	43
4029024049	couplet	a pair of lines that end in rhyme	44
4029024050	decorum	in order to observe, a character's speech must be styled according to his or her social station, and in accordance with the occasion--bum speaks like a bum about bumly things	45
4029024051	diction	author's choice of words, choice of specific words	46
4029024052	syntax	author's choice of words; refers to the ordering and structuring of the words	47
4029024053	dirge	a song for the dead, tone is typically slow, heavy, and melancholy	48
4029024054	dissonance	the grating of incompatible sounds	49
4029024055	doggerel	crude, simplistic verse, often in sing-song rhyme--i.e., limericks	50
4029024056	dramatic irony	when the audience knows something that the characters in the drama do not	51
4029024057	dramatic monologue	when a single speaker in literature says something to a silent audience	52
4029024058	elegy	a type of poem that meditates on death or mortality in a serious, thoughtful manner; often use the recent death of a noted or loved person as a starting point; also memorialize specific dead people	53
4029024059	elements	the basic techniques of each genre of literature	54
4029024060	enjambment	the continuation of a syntactic unit from one line or couplet of a poem to the next with no pause--i.e.,	55
4029024061	epic	a very long narrative poem on a serious theme in a dignified style; typically deal with glorious or profound subject matter--i.e., great war, heroic journey, battle with supernatural, etc.	56
4029024062	mock-epic	parody form that deals with mundane events and ironically treats them as worthy of epic poetry	57
4029024063	epitaph	lines that commemorate the dead at their burial place; usually a line or a handful of lines, often serious or religious, but sometimes witty and even irreverent	58
4029024064	euphemism	a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality--i.e., passed away for died, let go for fired	59
4029024065	euphony	when sounds blend harmoniously	60
4029024066	explicit	to say or write something directly and clearly	61
4029024067	farce	today it's used to refer to extremely broad humor; in earlier times, it was used to mean a simply funny play; a comedy (generic term for play then, btw, no implication of humor)	62
4029024068	feminine rhyme	lines rhymed by their final two syllables--running, gunning; properly, the penultimate syllables are stressed and the final syllables are unstressed	63
4029024069	foil	a secondary character whose purpose is to highlight the characteristics of a main character, usually by contrast	64
4029024070	foot	the basic rhythmic unit of a line of poetry, formed by a combination of two or three syllables, either stressed or unstressed	65
4029024071	foreshadowing	an event or statement in a narrative that in miniature suggests a larger event that comes later	66
4029024072	free verse	poetry written without a regular rhyme scheme or metrical pattern	67
4029024073	genre	a subcategory of literature--i.e., scientific fiction, detective stories->types of fiction	68
4029024074	Gothic, Gothic novel	form first showed up in the middle of the 1700s, heyday of popularity for sixty years; sensibility: mysterious, gloomy, sinister	69
4029024075	hubris	the excessive pride or ambition that leads to the main character's downfall--like Caesar	70
4029024076	hyperbole	exaggeration or deliberate overstatement: He has a watermelon head.	71
4029024077	implicit	to say or write something that suggests and implies but never says it directly or clearly; reading between the lines	72
4029024078	in medias res	Latin for "in the midst of things;" one of the conventions of epic poetry	73
4029024079	interior monologue	a term for novels and poetry, not dramatic literature; refers to writing that records the mental talking that goes on inside a character's head; related, but not identical to the stream of consciousness; tends to be coherent, as though the character is actually talking	74
4029024080	inversion	switching the customary order of elements in a sentence or phrase--Yoda speech!	75
4029024081	*irony	comes in a variety of forms; a statement that means the opposite of what it seems to mean, deeper than sarcasm though; an undertow of meaning	76
4029024082	lament	a poem of sadness or grief over the death of a loved one or over some other intense loss	77
4029024083	lampoon	a satire	78
4029024084	loose sentence	sentence is clear in the beginning, begins with main clause, followed by subordinates and modifiers	79
4029024085	periodic sentence	leaves the completion of its main clause to the end, often produces effect of suspense	80
4029024086	lyric	a type of poetry that explores the poet's personal interpretation of and feelings about the world; when used to describe a tone, refers to a sweet, emotional melodiousness	81
4029024087	masculine rhyme	a rhyme ending on the final stressed syllable--spent, went	82
4029024088	means, meaning	literal meaning-concrete and explicit; emotional meaning	83
4029024089	melodrama	a form of cheesy theater in which the hero is very, very good, the villain mean and rotten, and the heroine oh-so-pure	84
4029024090	metaphor	a comparison, or analogy that states one thing IS another--His eyes were burning coals.	85
4029024091	metonym	a word that is used to stand for something else that it has attributes of or is associated with---"the crown" referring to the king, "The pen is mightier than the sword." (pen reps writers and ideas, sword reps war)	86
4029024092	nemesis	the protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty	87
4029024093	objectivity	treatment of a matter as impersonal or as an outside view of events	88
4029024094	subjectivity	treatment of a matter using the interior personal view of a single observer and is typically coloured with that observer's emotional responses	89
4029024095	onomatopoeia	words that sound how they're spelled--boom, splat	90
4029024096	opposition	a pair of elements that contrast sharply, not necessarily "conflict," rather a pairing of images, each becomes more striking and informative because it's placed in contrast to the other one; creates mystery and tension, can be obvious or lead to irony, not always though	91
4029024097	oxymoron	a phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction	92
4029024098	parable	a story that instructs like a fable or an allegory	93
4029024099	paradox	a situation or statement that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, it does not---"It's raining, but I don't believe that it is."	94
4029024100	parallelism	repeated syntactical similarities used for effect--He likes playing the piano, eating cookies, and reading lengthy novels.	95
4029024101	paraphrase	to restate phrases and sentences in your own words, to rephrase; not an analysis or interpretation	96
4029024102	parenthetical phrase	a phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail	97
4029024103	parody	when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness	98
4029024104	pastoral	a poem set in a tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds	99
4029024105	persona	the narrator in a non-first-person novel. in third person, get an idea of author's personality, but isn't really the author's personality; shadow-author	100
4029024106	personification	giving an inanimate object human qualities or form--The darkness of the forest became the figure of a beautiful, pake-skinned woman in night-black clothes.	101
4029024107	plaint	a poem or speech expressing sorrow	102
4029024108	point of view	the perspective from which the action of a novel (or narrative poem) is presented	103
4029024109	omniscient narrator	third-person narrator who sees into each character's mind and understands all the action that's going on	104
4029024110	limited omniscient narrator	third-person narrator who generally reports only what one character (usually main character) sees, reports only thoughts of that one character	105
4029024111	objective/camera-eye narrator	third-person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera, doesn't know what the character is thinking unless character speaks of it	106
4029024112	first-person narrator	narrator who is a character in the story and tells the story from his or her point of view; when crazy, a liar, or very young, narrator is unreliable	107
4029024113	stream of consciousness technique	method is like first-person, but instead of the character telling the story, the author puts the reader in the character's head	108
4029024114	prelude	an intro poem to a longer work or verse	109
4029024115	protagonist	the main character of a novel or play	110
4029024116	pun	usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings	111
4029024117	refrain	a line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem	112
4029024118	requiem	a song or prayer for the dead	113
4029024119	rhapsody	an intensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise	114
4029024120	rhetorical question	a question that suggests an answer	115
4029024121	satire	exposes common character flaws to humor; attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed, such behaviours will become less common--hypocrisy, vanity, greed	116
4029024122	simile	like a metaphor but softens the full-out equation of things, often, but not always, by using like or as	117
4029024123	soliloquy	a speech spoken by a character alone on stage; meant to convey the impression that the audience is listening to the character's thoughts; not meant to imply that the actor acknowledges the audience is listening	118
4029024124	stanza	a group of lines roughly analogues in function in verse to the paragraph's function in prose	119
4029024125	stock characters	standard or cliched character types: the drunk, the miser, the foolish girl, etc.	120
4029024126	subjunctive mood	a mood that represents an act or state (not as a fact but) as contingent or possible; wishful thinking--if I were you, if he were honest	121
4029024127	suggest	to imply, infer, indicate; you have to pull out the meaning yourself	122
4029024128	summary	a simple retelling of what you've just read; covers more material than paraphrase, more general, includes all the facts	123
4029024129	suspension of disbelief	demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination	124
4029024130	symbolism	a device in literature where an object reps an idea	125
4029024131	technique	the methods, the tools, "how-you-do-it" ways of the author	126
4029024132	theme	the main idea of the overall work; the central idea; topic of discourse or discussion	127
4029024133	thesis	the main position of an argument; the central contention that will be supported	128
4029024134	tragic flaw	in tragedy, weakness of character in an other wise good/great individual that leads to his demise	129
4029024135	travesty	a grotesque parody	130
4029024136	truism	a way-too-obvious truth	131
4029024137	utopia	an idealized place; paradise	132
4029024138	zeugma	the use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings--On the fishing trip, he caught three trout and a cold.	133

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7206624145	Abolition	Movement to end slavery	0
7206624146	Absolutism	A political system in which a ruler holds total power	1
7206624147	Anarchism	a political philosophy that opposes government in any form	2
7206624148	Anti Semitism	Prejudice against Jews	3
7206624149	Apartheid	government policy of racial segregation once practiced by the Republic of South Africa.	4
7206624150	Appeasement	Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict	5
7206624151	Arable	Suitable for growing crops	6
7206624152	Archaic	ancient; old-fashioned	7
7206624153	-archy	government	8
7206624154	Aristocracy	a form of government in which power is held by the nobility.	9
7206624155	Asecticism	severe self-discipline and avoidance of all forms of indulgence, typically for religious reasons	10
7206624156	Authoritarianism	the enforcement or advocacy of strict obedience to authority at the expense of personal freedom	11
7206624157	Barbarianism	a person in a savage, primitive state; uncivilized person	12
7206624158	Border	The line between two countries.	13
7206624159	Bourgeoisie	French middle class	14
7206624160	Bureaucracy	A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	15
7206624161	Caliph	successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims	16
7206624162	Capitalism	An economic system based on private ownership of capital	17
7206624163	capitulate	to surrender	18
7206624164	Cartel	an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or control markets	19
7206624165	Casualty	A person killed or injured in a war or accident	20
7206624166	Chivalry	Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages	21
7206624167	City state	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent state.	22
7206624168	Civilization	A complex, highly organized social order	23
7206624169	class struggle	conflict between different classes in a community resulting from different social or economic positions and reflecting opposed interests.	24
7206624170	Classical	1750-1820	25
7206624171	Colony	a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation	26
7206624172	Colombian Exchange	trade of goods and ideas between Europe and the new world colonies.	27
7206624173	Communal	used or shared in common by everyone in a group	28
7206624174	Conjuncture	a combination of circumstances; a particular state of affairs	29
7206624175	Conservatism	A movement to preserve the old social order and governments.	30
7206624176	Constitutionalism	Basic principle that government and those who govern must obey the law; the rule of law	31
7206624177	Consumerism	the protection or promotion of the interests of consumers.	32
7206624178	Corporation	A business that is owned by many investors.	33
7206624179	Currency	Coins and paper bills used as money	34
7206624180	Darwinism	the theory of the evolution of species by natural selection advanced by Charles Darwin.	35
7206624181	Debt peonage	A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer	36
7206624182	Deity	god or goddess	37
7206624183	Deism	religious belief based on reason	38
7206624184	Democracy	A form of government in which citizens govern themselves	39
7206624185	Demographic	related to population balance	40
7206624186	Determinism	The assumption that behavior is caused by heredity and environment	41
7206624187	Diffusion	the spread of ideas from one culture to another	42
7206624188	Diplomacy	Negotiation between nations	43
7206624189	Diversity	Variety	44
7206624190	Domestic	relating to issues within a country	45
7206624191	Dualism	seeing mind and body as two different things that interact	46
7209030030	Empire	A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler	47
7209030031	Entrepôt	commercial center where goods are received and reshipped	48
7209030032	Ethic	A system of moral principles.	49
7209030033	Ethnic	A social division based on national origin, religion, language, and often race.	50
7209030034	Fascism	dictatorship	51
7209030035	Feminism	Women should be equal to men	52
7209030036	Feudalism	A system of government based on landowners and tenants	53
7209030037	Foragers	People who search for food	54
7209030038	Free trade	international trade free of government interference	55
7209030039	Frontier	a zone where no state exercises complete political control	56
7209030040	Genocide	Deliberate extermination of a racial or cultural group	57
7209030041	Global south	Africa Asia Latin America (third world countries)	58
7209030042	-graphy	recording	59
7209030043	Guild	a group of merchants or craftspeople	60
7209030044	Hegemony	domination over others	61
7209030045	Imperialism	Control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society.	62
7209030046	Indenture	written contract	63
7209030047	Independence	Freedom	64
7209030048	Industrialization	process of developing machine production of goods	65
7209030049	Laissez-faire	Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.	66
7209030050	Legitimacy	right and proper	67
7209030051	Liberalism	A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity.	68
7209030052	Malnutrition	Lack of sufficient nutrients in the body	69
7209030053	Mandarin	an influential person	70
7209030054	maritime	A humid air mass that forms over oceans	71
7209030055	Medieval	Middle Ages	72
7209030056	Mercantilism	belief in the benefits of profitable trading	73
7209030057	Metallurgy	science of working with metals	74
7209030058	Middle class	made up of small planters, independent farmers, and artisans	75
7209030059	Migration	the movement of people from place to place	76
7209030060	Minister	the superior of some religious orders	77
7209030061	Modernity	Related to recent times or the present	78
7209030062	Monarchy	A government ruled by a king or queen	79
7209030063	Monasticism	The practice of living the life of a monk	80
7209030064	Mono-	one	81
7209030065	Monogamy	Having one mate at a time	82
7209030066	Monopoly	A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.	83
7209030067	Mortality	death	84
7209030068	Nation	a politically organized body of people under a single government	85
7209030069	Nation state	A state that is independent of other states	86
7209030070	Nationalism	pride in one's country	87
7209030071	Neo-	new	88
7209030072	NGO	Non-governmental organization	89
7209030073	Nomadic	wandering from place to place	90
7209030074	Optimism	hopefulness and confidence about the future	91
7209030075	Pagan	A follower of a polytheistic religion in ancient times.	92
7209030076	Paleo-	Old/ancient	93
7209030077	Paternalism	the policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates' supposed best interest	94
7209107859	Patriarch	Male head of the family	95
7209107860	Pessimism	gloominess; a belief that the bad guys always win	96
7209107861	Poly-	many	97
7209107862	Polygamy	Having multiple mates at a time	98
7209107863	Proletariat	Working class	99
7209107864	Protectorate	a state that is controlled and protected by another	100
7209107865	Protestant work ethic	Hard work + material success = signs of goods favor	101
7209107866	Proto-	first	102
7209107867	Psycho-	mind	103
7209107868	Racism	Belief that one race is superior to another	104
7209107869	Rebellion	open defiance of authority	105
7209107870	Reincarnation	The rebirth of a soul in a new body	106
7209107871	Republic	system of government in which officials are chosen by the people	107
7209107872	Revolt	rebellion	108
7209107873	Revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system.	109
7209107874	Rural	Country	110
7209107875	Scholasticism	a way of thinking that combined faith and reason	111
7209107876	Segregation	Separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences	112
7209107877	Serfdom	Quality of being a serf or slave	113
7209107878	Shamanism	belief in gods and spirits	114
7209107879	Skepticism	the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain	115
7209107880	Slavery	the practice or system of owning slaves	116
7209107881	Social Darwinism	survival of the fittest	117
7209107882	social democracy	a hybrid system combining a capitalist economy and a government that supports equality	118
7209107883	Socialism	a system in which the government owns and operates a country's means of production	119
7209107884	Sovereignty	the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.	120
7209107885	Sphere of Influence	A foreign region in which a nation has control over trade and other economic activities.	121
7209107886	State	a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.	122
7209107887	Syncretism	a combination of different forms of belief and practice	123
7209107888	Terrorism	targeting random people who are usually civilians with violence for a political purpose.	124
7209107889	The west	the noncommunist states of Europe and North America, contrasted with the former communist states of Eastern Europe	125
7209107890	The left	a group or party favoring liberal, socialist, or radical views.	126
7209107891	The right	a grouping or political party favoring conservative views and supporting capitalist economic principles	127
7209107892	Theocracy	government run by religious leaders	128
7209107893	Third world	Developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America	129
7209107894	Totalitarianism	government control over every aspect of public and private life	130
7209107895	Trust	A group of corporations run by a single board of directors	131
7209107896	Unanimity	complete agreement	132
7209107897	Union	organization to help workers achieve a common goal	133
7209107898	utopian	idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society	134
7209107899	Veneration	great respect	135
7209107900	Working class	A social class broadly composed of people working in blue-collar, or manual, occupations.	136
7209107901	World Systems Theory	Explanation for dominant societies exploiting weaker ones	137
7229182532	Pastoralism	Raising livestock	138

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP World - Chp 4 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7504362606	Aryans	nomads from Europe and Asia, these immigrants arrived at the Ganges river valley by the year 1000 BC, migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system	0
7504382744	assimilation	Ethnic groups lost their distinctive culture through the domination of newly expanding empires. Assimilation is the adopting the traits of another culture. Often happens over time when one immigrates into a new country.	1
7504420286	Brahman	The term for The Universal Soul in Hinduism.	2
7504426318	Brahmins	The priest varna of the caste system.	3
7504431445	caste system	a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society	4
7504518412	cotton	The plant that produces fibers from which many textiles are woven. Native to India, it spread throughout Asia and then to the New World. It has been a major cash crop in various places, including early Islamic Iran, Yi Korea, Egypt	5
7504530819	deforestation	The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves.	6
7504555114	dharma	the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties. the basic doctrine shared by Buddhists of all sects	7
7504560230	diffusion	The spread of ideas, objects, or traits from one culture to another	8
7504567659	Harappa	Site of one of the great cities of the Indus Valley civilization of the third millennium B.C.E. It was located on the northwest frontier of the zone of cultivation, and may have been a center for the acquisition of raw materials.	9
7504575182	Harappans	The first river valley civilization of India on the Indus River. They mysteriously disappeared.	10
7504586523	Himalayas	These mountains separate India from China and are the tallest in the world.	11
7504604780	Indus River	The civilization from this river's valley (3500 BC to 2500 BC) had two thriving cities which were Mohenjodaro and Harappans	12
7504654768	Janapadas	Political units in India in the years 700-600 BC. They are the major realms or kingdoms of Vedic (Iron Age) India. They are the earliest kingdoms set up by the Indo-Aryan migrants to India.	13
7504661576	Jati	A sub-varna in the caste system that gave people of sense of community because they usually consisted of people working in the same occupation.	14
7504677439	Karma	In Indian tradition, the residue of deeds performed in past and present lives that adheres to a 'spirit' and determines what form it will assume in its next life cycle. Put another way, the belief that actions in this life, whether good or bad, will decide your place in the next life. Used in India to make people happy with their lot in life.	15
7504703922	Kshatriya	The Hindu warrior & administrator caste.	16
7504726549	Mohenjo-Daro	Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning.	17
7505061331	Moksha	Becoming liberated from the endless cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism.	18
7505071679	Reincarnation	Hindu and Buddhist belief that souls are reborn into new bodies over and over.	19
7505078184	Rig Veda	One of the worlds oldest religious texts. It is a book composed by Vedic Brahman priests that contains hymns and Sanskrit poetry	20
7505089073	Sanskrit	an Indo-European, Indic language, in use since c1200 b.c. as the religious and classical literary language of India.	21
7505109651	Sati	The Indian custom of a widow voluntarily throwing herself on the funeral pyre of her husband.	22
7505115854	Shudras	The landless peasants and serfs of the caste system.	23
7505122044	Upanishads	A major book in Hinduism that is often in the form of dialogues that explored the Vedas and the religious issues that they raised.	24
7505127529	Vaishyas	The artisan and merchant varna of the caste system.	25
7505134265	Varna	The four major social divisions in India's caste system: the Brahmin priest class, the Kshatriya warrior/administrator class, the Vaishya merchant/farmer class, and the Shudra laborer class.	26
7505149781	Vedas	Collections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the various gods of the Aryans. Early Indian sacred 'knowledge'-the literal meaning of the term-long preserved and communicated orally by Brahmin priests and eventually written down.	27
7505176273	Vedic Age	A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.	28

Powered by Quizlet.com

4) AP literature vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6249291827	Gotteedammerung	Twilight of the Gods/ often deals with the end of the world	0
6249291828	Farce	An exaggerated comedy that intentionally goes too far	1
6249291829	Fabliau	Comic story using low or base stock characters	2
6249291830	Foil	A character who mirrors and helps reflect another character	3
6249291831	Euphony	A pleasing collection of sound	4
6249291832	Exegesis	Close reading often of biblical text	5
6249291833	Gothic	Characterized by mystery and intrigue	6
6249291834	Ethos	Logical argument based on authority of source	7
6249291835	Epithet	A nickname or expressooj	8
6249291836	Flashback	Filling in details from the past to help explain the present	9
6249291837	Freytag	A plot pyramid of authority	10
6249291838	Foreshadowing	Events that help predict later events	11
6249291839	Epitome	The classic or exact example of	12
6249291840	Existentialism	Depressing European philosophy	13
6249291841	Folk Ballad	Medieval short narrative or poem, often sung that reveals or involves a tragedy	14
6249291842	Gestalt	An existential form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the feeling or tone of the time period	15
6249291843	Expressionism	The scream painted by Edvard Munch distorts reality to evoke emotion	16
6249291844	Fatalism	Predestined world. Death is inevitable	17
6249291845	Figurative language	Shakespeare	18
6249291846	Free verse	Free verse is an open form of poetry. It Due to the poetic use of imagery and the repetitive tool of anaphora, Churchill's speech could easily be turned into a free verse poem with the addition of enjambment.does not use consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern	19
6249291847	Epithalamium	Poem about a wedding	20
6249291848	Flat characters	Bruce the shark. Has a simple personality	21
6249291849	Falling action	Heathcliff dying	22

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

7380757694	dramatic monologue	a literary, usually verse composition in which a speaker reveals his or her character, often in relation to a critical situation or event, in a monologue addressed to the reader or to a presumed listener.	0
7380773097	bildungsroman	a type of novel concerned with the education, development, and maturing of a young protagonist - typically male - aka apprenticeship novel or "coming-of-age story"	1
7380797654	cacophony	harsh sounding words (opposite of euphony)	2
7380806685	doppelganger	a ghostly double of a living person; shadowing figure	3
7380819900	double entendre	a word or expression used in a given context so that it can be understood in two ways, especially when one meaning is risque.	4
7380834472	dues ex machina	the use of artificial means to resolve the plot of a play	5
7380837986	euphony	pleasant sounding words (opposite of cacophony)	6
7380842140	genre	a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content, or technique	7
7380854750	picaresque	a genre of satiric prose fiction depicting the realistic, often humorous adventures of a roguish hero of low social degree living by his or her wits in a corrupt society	8
7381011440	pedantic	characterized by an excessive display of learning or scholarship	9
7381015676	poetic justice	the rewarding of virtue and the punishment of vice, often in an especially appropriate or ironic manner commonly found in novels, plays, and poetry	10
7381026595	roman a clef	novel in which actual persons, places, or events are depicted in a fictional guise	11
7381033727	syllogism	a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise	12
7381046273	vernacular	the everyday speech of a particular country or region, often involving nonstandard usage	13
7381054409	verisimilitude	the appearance of semblance of truth; likelihood; probability	14
7468581126	absolutism	the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.	15
7468581127	a priori	from cause to effect; from a general law to a particular instance; valid independently of observation; existing in the mind prior to and independent of experience, as a faculty or character trait; presumed, without explanation or analysis	16
7468581128	anarchy	absence of government	17
7468581129	bi-partisan	both sides working together	18
7468581130	bureaucracy	officials using fixed rules and a hierarchy of authority characterized by red tape, delay, and/or inaction	19
7468581131	censure	to criticize sharply; an official reprimand as by a legislative body of one of its members	20
7468581132	charlatan	a faker; a fraud; a person practicing quackery or some similar confidence trick in order	21
7468581133	clandestine	secret; covert; characterized by, done in, or executed with secrecy or concealment, especially for purposes of subversion or deception; private or surreptitious	22
7468581134	debunk	to expose a sham or falseness by presenting a truthful explanation	23
7468581135	dialect	art of practice of a logical discussion as of truth of a theory or opinion	24
7468581136	doublespeak	language deliberately constructed to disguise its actual meaning	25
7468581137	Gestapo	the German state secret police during the Nazi regime	26
7468581138	laissez-faire	the theory or system of government that upholds the autonomous character of the economic order, believing that government should intervene as little as possible in the direction of economic affairs; the practice or doctrine of noninterference in the affairs of others, especially with reference to individual conduct or freedom of action	27
7468581139	recession	a downtown in economic activity marked by two consecutive quarters in which there is a decline in real gross national product (GNP)	28
7468581140	truthiness	a satirical term coined by Stephen Colbert used to describe people stating concepts they want to believe, rather than the facts; truthiness is felt emotionally and disregard actual evidence or intellectual examination	29

Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language and Composition Chapter 3 Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

6119613571	Ad hominnem	Latin for "to the man, "this fallacy refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker. If you are you that I park in your community should not be renovated because the person supporting it was arrested during a domestic dispute, then you are guilty of this	0
6119613572	Ad populum ( bandwagon appeal)	This fallacy occurs when evidence boils down to "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do."	1
6119613573	Argument	The process of reasoned inquiry; a perspective discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion.	2
6119613574	Appeal to false authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority. A TV star, for instants, is not a medical expert even though pharmaceutical advertisement often use celebrity endorsements.	3
6119613575	Assumptions/warrant	In the Toulmin model, the warrant expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience	4
6119613576	Backing	In the Toulmin model, backing consists of further assurances or data without which assumption Lacks authority	5
6119613577	Begging the question	A fallacy in which a claim is based on evidence or support that is in doubt. It "bags" a question whether the support itself is sound.	6
6119613578	Circular reasoning	A fallacy in which the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence.	7
6119613579	Claim	Also called an assertion or a proposition, this states the argument's main idea or position. This differs from a topic or subject in that a claim has to be arguable.	8
6119613580	Claim of fact	This is a search that something is true or not true	9
6119613581	Claim of policy	Proposes a change	10
6119613582	Classical oration	Five part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians. Includes introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, and conclusion.	11
6119613583	Introduction (exordium)	Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion	12
6119613584	Narration (narratio)	Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing.	13
6119613585	Confirmation (confirmatio)	Usually a major part of the text, the confirmation includes the proof needed to make the writers case.	14
6119613586	Refutation (refutatio)	Addresses the counter argument. It is a bridge between the writers proof and conclusion.	15
6119613587	Conclusion (peroration)	Brings the essay to a satisfying close.	16
6119613588	Closed thesis	A closed the thesis is a statement of the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make.	17
6119613589	Deduction	A logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise) and applying it to a specific case (a minor premise). This process is usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism.	18
6119613590	False dilemma (either/or)	A fallacy in which the speaker presents to extreme options as the only possible choices.	19
6119613591	Logical fallacy	Potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument. They often arise from a failure to make a logical connection between the claim and the evidence used to support it.	20
6119613592	Faulty analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable. Four instance, to argue that because we put animals who are in irreversible pain out of their misery, we should do the same for people, asks the reader to ignore significant and profound differences between animals and people.	21
6119613593	First-hand evidence	Evidence based on something the rider knows, whether it's from personal experience, observations, or general knowledge of events.	22
6119613594	Hasty generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence	23
6119613595	Induction	From the Latin inducere, "to lead into"; A logical process whereby the writer reasons from particulars to universals, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization.	24
6119613596	Open thesis	One that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	25
6119613597	Post box ergo propter hoc	This fallacy is Latin for "after which therefore because of which," meaning that it is incorrect to always claim that something is because just because it happened earlier. One may loosely summarize this fallacy by saying that correlation does not imply causation.	26
6119613598	Qualifier	In the model, the qualifier uses the words like usually, Probably, maybe, in most cases, and most likely to temper the claim, making it less absolute.	27
6119613599	Quantitative evidence	Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers. Four instance statistics, surveys, polls, and census information.	28
6119613600	Rebuttal	In the model, this gives a voice to possible objections.	29
6119613601	Reservation	In the model, this explains the terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier.	30
6119613602	Rogerian arguments	Developed by psychiatrist, Carl Rogers, These are based on the assumption that having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating.	31
6119613603	Second hand evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation. Includes factual and historical information, expert opinion, and quantitative data.	32
6119613604	Strawman	A fallacy that occurs when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or oversimplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea	33
6119613605	Syllogism	A logical structure that uses the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion	34
6119613606	Toulmin model	And approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by a British philosopher Stephen Toulmin in his book. It can be stated as a template: because (evidence as support), therefore (claim), since (warrant or assumption) on account of (backing), unless (reservation).	35
6119613607	Claim of value	Argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong.	36

Powered by Quizlet.com

Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

Powered by Quizlet.com

Ap World History Semester 2 Ch. 26 Vocab Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images

3825235835	Selim III	Sultan who ruled Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807; aimed at improving administrative efficiency and building a new army and navy; toppled by Janissaries in 1807.	0
3825242911	Mahmud II	Ottoman sultan; built a private, professional army; fomented revolution of Janissaries and their religious allies; initiated reform of Ottoman Empire on Western precedents.	1
3825244175	Tanzimat Reforms	Series of reforms in Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876; established Western-style university, state postal system, railways, extensive legal reforms; resulted in creation of new constitution in 1876.	2
3825260976	Young Turks	Determined to restore the 1876 constitution and resume far-reaching reforms within the empire.	3
3825244176	Mamluks	Muslim Slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance.	4
3825246554	Muhammad Ali	Won power struggle in Egypt following fall of Mamluks; established mastery of all Egypt by 1811; introduced effective army based on Western tactics and supply and a variety of other reforms; by 1830s was able was to challenge Ottoman government in Constantinople; died in 1848.	5
3825246555	Suez Canal	Built across Isthmus of Suez to connect Mediterranean Sea with Red Sea in 1869; financed by European investors; with increasing indebtedness of khedives, permitted intervention of British into Egyptian politics to protect their investment.	6
3825249146	Nurhaci	Architect of Manchu unity; created distinctive Manchu banner armies; controlled most of Manchuria; adopted Chinese bureaucracy and court ceremonies in Manchuria; entered China and successfully captured Ming capital at Beijing.	7
3825249147	Kangxi	Confucian scholar and Manchu emperor of Qing dynasty from 1661 to 1772; established high degree of Sinification among the Manchus.	8
3825250776	Opium War	Fought between the British and Qing China beginning in 1838; fought to protect British trade in opium; resulted in resounding British victory, opening of Hong Kong as British point of trade.	9
3825250777	Taiping Rebellion	Broke out in south China in the 1850s and early 1860s; led by Hong Xiuquan, a semi-Christianized prophet; sought to overthrow Qing dynasty and Confucian basis of scholar-gentry.	10
3825253050	Cixi	The ultraconservative dowager empress Cixi became the power behind the throne. In 1898, she and her faction crushed the most serious move toward reform.	11
3825253051	Boxer Rebellion	Popular outburst in 1898 aimed at expelling foreigners from China; failed because of intervention of armies of Western powers in China; defeat of Chinese enhanced control by Europeans and the power of provincial officials.	12
3825259082	Puyi	Last emperor of China; deposed as emperor while still a small boy in 1912.	13

Class Notes

Social Science

Math

Science

Fine Arts

Test Prep

Textbook Notes

Members Only

Forum

Blogs

Textbook Request

AP Literature: Literary Terms Flashcards

AP English Literature Terms Flashcards

AP Literature and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

AP World History Vocab Flashcards

AP World - Chp 4 Flashcards

4) AP literature vocab Flashcards

AP Language Vocab Flashcards

AP Language and Composition Chapter 3 Flashcards

Flashcards

Ap World History Semester 2 Ch. 26 Vocab Flashcards

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org

You are here

Pages

Need Help?

Need Notes?

About Course-Notes.Org